JPH01136065A - Mark display device for ultrasonic flaw detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable positive recognition of a reflected wave as yardstick of measurement, by providing a mark applying means to apply a specified mark to the reflected wave displayed. CONSTITUTION:A signal received by a receiving section 2 is stored into a waveform memory 23 as digital signal. When a measuring range is specified from measuring range setting sections 36 and 37, out of data stored in the waveform memory 23, those within the measuring range are shifted to a display memory 32 to be displayed by a waveform display means 31. Then, from among reflected waves displayed, those specified are selected to compute a distance of a peak value of the reflected wave. An address corresponding to the distance involved of the display memory 32 is determined from the distance thus computed and a specified mark is applied to a display surface of a display section according to the address. This enables accurate recognition of the reflected wave as yardstick of measurement regardless of any change in the measuring range.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a mark display device for an ultrasonic flaw detector that attaches a mark to a specific reflected wave displayed on a display unit in an ultrasonic flaw detector. Regarding.

[Conventional technology]

Ultrasonic flaw detectors are well known as devices that inspect the presence or absence of flaws inside an object without destroying the object. This ultrasonic flaw detector will be explained using figures.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a conventional ultrasonic flaw detector. In the figure, ■ indicates the object to be inspected, and if indicates a defect existing in the object to be inspected l. 2 is an ultrasonic probe that emits ultrasonic waves into the object to be inspected 1 and outputs an electric signal proportional to the reflected ultrasonic waves. 3 is an ultrasonic flaw detector which outputs an ultrasonic generation pulse to the ultrasonic probe 2, receives a signal from the ultrasonic probe 2, and displays the waveform of this signal.

The ultrasonic flaw detector 3 is composed of the following elements.

That is, 4 is a synchronous circuit that generates a signal voltage that temporally regulates the operation of the ultrasonic flaw detector 3, and 5 is a synchronous circuit that outputs pulses for generating ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic probe 2 based on the signal from the synchronous circuit 4. This is the transmitter. 6' is a receiving section that receives the signal from the ultrasound probe 2, and is composed of an attenuation circuit 6a consisting of a combination of voltage dividers made up of resistors, and an amplification circuit 6b'.

7 is a detection circuit that rectifies the signal from the amplifier circuit 6b';
8 is a vertical axis amplifier circuit.

Reference numeral 9 represents a sweep circuit that generates a triangular wave based on the synchronization signal from the synchronization circuit 4, and reference numeral 10 represents an amplifier circuit that amplifies the triangular wave signal from the sweep circuit 9. 1) is a display section that displays the signal waveform from the ultrasound probe 2, the horizontal axis is the time axis determined by the triangular wave output from the amplifier circuit 10, and the vertical axis is the time axis determined by the triangular wave output from the amplifier circuit 8. It is considered to be the magnitude of the signal. Display section 1)
A cathode ray tube is used, and a scale is displayed on its surface. Reference numeral 12 denotes a measurement range setting section for setting the range to be inspected (measurement range) from the surface of the object 1 to be inspected. Reference numeral 13 denotes a delay time setting section that adds a delay time to the sweep start signal □ and moves the position of the waveform displayed on the display section 1) in parallel.

Next, an outline of the operation of the conventional ultrasonic flaw detector described above will be explained. When a pulse is output from the transmitter 5 in response to a signal voltage from the synchronization circuit 4, the ultrasonic probe 2 is excited by the pulse and emits ultrasonic waves toward the object 1 to be inspected. A part of the emitted ultrasonic waves immediately returns to the ultrasonic probe 2 from the surface of the object to be inspected 1, and the rest propagates within the object to be inspected 1, reaches the bottom of the object to be inspected l, and is reflected there. and return to the ultrasonic probe 2. On the other hand, if a defect 1) exists in the object 1 to be inspected, the ultrasonic waves are also reflected from the defect 1r and return to the ultrasonic probe 2. These ultrasonic waves returned to the ultrasonic probe 2 excite the ultrasonic probe 2 in proportion to their magnitude, and the ultrasonic probe 2 outputs an electric signal corresponding to this.

This signal is input to an attenuation circuit 6a, adjusted to a size suitable for processing, and input to a detection circuit 7 via an amplifier circuit 6b'. The detection circuit 7 rectifies the input signal so that the display section 1) displays a one-sided swing instruction. At this time, noise components mixed in the signal are also removed. The output signal of the detection circuit 7 is inputted to the display section 1) via the vertical axis amplifier circuit 8,
The thickness is represented on the vertical axis of the display section 1). On the other hand, the sweep circuit 9 generates a triangular wave voltage based on the jtJl signal of the synchronization circuit 4, and this voltage passes through the amplifier circuit 10 to the display section ll.
Applied to the deflection electrode of a cathode ray tube (cathode ray tube), it sweeps the electron beam. Due to this sweep and the input signal from the vertical axis amplifier circuit 8, the waveform of the reflected wave returned to the ultrasound probe 2 is displayed on the display section 1).

In flaw detection using such an ultrasonic flaw detector 3, the waveform of the reflected wave displayed on the display section 1) changes depending on the state of contact between the object to be inspected 1 and the ultrasonic probe 2. To avoid this, a water immersion method is usually adopted. 1st
FIG. 9 is a sectional view illustrating the water immersion method. In the figure, 1 is an object to be inspected, 1f is a defect, and 2 is an ultrasonic probe, which are the same as those shown in FIG. 15 is an aquarium,
16 indicates water in the water tank 15. The object to be inspected 1 is a water tank 15
The ultrasonic probe 2 is immersed in the water 16, and the ultrasonic probe 2 is opposed to the object 1 to be inspected via the water 16. The ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic probe 2 enter the object to be inspected 1 through the water 16, and the reflected waves from various parts of the object to be inspected 1 are input to the ultrasonic probe 2 through the water 16. , a stable waveform will be displayed on the display section 1).

FIG. 20 is a waveform diagram of the displayed reflected waves.

In the figure, the horizontal axis shows time and the vertical axis shows the magnitude of reflected waves.

T is the transmitted reflected wave that is immediately reflected when the ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the ultrasonic probe 2, S is the reflected wave from the surface of the object to be inspected l, F is the reflected wave from the defect 1f, and B is the reflected wave from the defect 1f. Reflected wave from the bottom of inspection object 1, B.

is a reflected wave from the bottom of the water tank 15. Note that since the sound speed of the ultrasonic wave within the inspected object 1 is constant, the horizontal axis (
The time axis) represents distance, and the position of the defect 1r can be determined from this waveform diagram.

By the way, in general, when inspecting an object to be inspected, it is not necessarily necessary to inspect the entire object from the surface to the bottom.
A certain depth range (measurement range) within the inspected object 1 is displayed on the display unit 1.
) and inspect this range. In this case, expand or reduce the waveform by operating the coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob of the measurement range setting section 12, and
By operating the knob of the delay time setting section 13 to move the waveform, a desired measurement range in the waveform diagram shown in FIG. 20 is displayed on the display section 1). This allows the inspector to clearly and easily observe the area to be carefully inspected, reducing the time and effort required for inspection, and enabling more accurate inspection.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

By the way, in the above-mentioned ultrasonic flaw detector, a predetermined measurement range is displayed on the display section 1) by operating the measurement range setting section 12 and the delay time setting section I3 as described above. If the defect is in the vicinity or near the bottom surface, a means is used to accurately recognize the position of the defect 1r by constantly displaying the reflected wave S or the reflected wave B on the display section 1). However, if the observation is resumed after being temporarily interrupted, or if the observer changes in the middle of the observation, it is difficult to determine whether the reflected wave displayed on the display section 1) is the reflected wave S or the reflected wave B. This may lead to inability to make decisions and confusion. Such confusion can be caused by, for example, if there are multiple defects 1r and the display range is narrowed in order to more accurately observe their positions, and the reflected wave S or reflected wave B deviates from the display section 1), the waveform may be moved. This also occurs when the reflected wave S or reflected wave B is displayed again, and in this case, the observer cannot tell which part of the object to be inspected I is observing.

Furthermore, I accidentally reduced the gain, which caused me to
If the reflected wave is no longer displayed at the position where it should be displayed, the observer may mistakenly assume that a failure has occurred in the ultrasonic flaw detector, resulting in wasted effort and time to detect the failure location.

Furthermore, when flaw detection is performed by directly contacting the probe 2 with the object to be inspected l without using the above-mentioned water immersion method, if the contact of the flaw probe 2 is poor or the contact surface is rough, In some cases, the reflected wave cannot be obtained, and in this case, the observer must check whether the contact is not good, the gain is insufficient, the flaw is being detected in the wrong place, or the ultrasonic flaw detector is malfunctioning. I can't tell if it's there or not.

All of the above-mentioned drawbacks are due to the inability to confirm the reflected waves S and B, and it is thought that they can be resolved if this can be confirmed.

The present invention was made in view of these circumstances, and
The purpose is to provide an ultrasonic flaw detector that solves the problems of the prior art described above and can reliably recognize a predetermined reflected wave.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention assigns a desired code to the reflected waves S, B, etc., and is configured to digitally process the signal obtained by the receiving section. That is, the present invention includes a transmitter that outputs a predetermined pulse to an ultrasound probe, a receiver that receives a signal from the ultrasound probe, and a receiver that outputs a predetermined pulse based on the signal received by the receiver. The ultrasonic flaw detector is equipped with a display section that displays the waveform of the signal at a predetermined sampling period, and a waveform memory that sequentially stores the input signal received by the reception section in addresses at a predetermined sampling period; a display memory for storing data to be displayed; a selection means for selecting an address of the waveform memory according to a measurement range to be displayed on the display; and a display memory for storing data at the address selected by the selection means. a data transfer means for transferring the data to the address of
waveform display means for displaying data in the display memory on the display section; reflected wave selection means for selecting a predetermined reflected wave from among the displayed reflected waves; and calculation means for calculating the distance of the selected reflected wave. , further comprising: address determining means for determining an address of the display memory corresponding to the calculated distance; and mark display means for displaying a predetermined mark at a position on the display section corresponding to the determined address. shall be.

[For production]

The signal received by the receiving section is recorded in the waveform memory j9 as a digital signal. Then, predetermined data of the data stored in the waveform memory is transferred to the display memory according to the measurement range, and the data in the display memory is displayed on the display section by the waveform display means.

Next, a predetermined one is selected from among the displayed reflected waves, and the distance of the peak value of the reflected wave is calculated.

Then, based on this distance, an address corresponding to the distance in the display memory is determined, and a predetermined mark is displayed on the display surface of the display section corresponding to this address.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts that are the same as those shown in FIG. 18 are given the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted.

In addition, in the ultrasonic flaw detector, there are cases where reflected waves are detected and displayed, and cases where reflected waves are displayed without detection, and the present invention is applicable in either case. Therefore, in the following, an embodiment will be described in which a combination of the amplification 2H6b' and the detection circuit 7 in FIG. 18 is used as the amplifier circuit 6b, and the receiving section 6 is configured and detection is performed. Reference numeral 21 indicates an ultrasonic flaw detector of this embodiment.

This ultrasonic flaw detector 21 is composed of the following elements. That is, 22 is an A/D converter that converts the output No. 13 of the receiver 6 into a digital value, 23 is a waveform memory that stores the values converted by the A/D converter 22, and 24 is each address of the waveform memory 23. This is an address counter that sequentially specifies . 25 is a timing circuit, which connects the transmitter 5, A/
A start signal is given to the D converter 22 and address counter 24, respectively. A crystal oscillator is used for oscillation of this timing circuit 25.

26 is a CPU (central processing unit) that performs necessary calculations and control; 27 is a RAM (random access memory) that temporarily stores parameters and data for calculations; 28
is a ROM (read-only memory) that stores the first processor of the CPU 26.

30 is the speed at which the ultrasonic wave propagates within the object to be inspected (sound speed)
This is a keyboard input section for inputting other values. 31 is a liquid crystal display section, and 32 is a display section controller that controls the display of the CP [liquid crystal display section 3 based on data obtained as a result of calculation and control of J26]. 32m is a display memory provided in the display unit controller 32, and data to be displayed on the liquid crystal display unit 31 is stored in this display memory 32m.

The number of addresses in the display memory 32m is the same as the number of liquid crystal dots arranged in the horizontal direction in the liquid crystal display section 31. 33 is a mark setting section, which is used to mark the reflected wave. This mark setting section will be further described later with reference to FIG. 34 is a cursor start point setting section that determines the starting point position of the cursor when the cursor is displayed on the display section 31, and 35 is a cursor width setting section that specifies the width of the cursor. 36 is a display start point setting section for setting a display start point when displaying a waveform on the display section 31, and 37 is a measurement range setting section for defining a measurement range. 38 is a character setting section for selecting and setting characters.

FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of key switches in the mark setting section 33 shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the key switches of the mark setting section 33 include ten numeric key switches 33a from 0 to 9, a mark key switch 33b with a "mark" display, and a set key switch with a "set" display. It is composed of 33C. Mark 2--
The switch 33b has a function of starting a processing operation for setting a mark, and the set key switch 33c has a function of outputting an input end signal.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. In this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 1 and its explanation, the ultrasonic signal waveform received by the receiving section 6 is digitally processed and manually input to the waveform memory 23 (waveform memory input means), and then input. The measurement start point setting section 3G and the measurement range setting section 37 select signals in a desired range and display them on the liquid crystal display section 31 (measurement range display means). wave cursor start point setting section 34;
The cursor width setting section 35 is operated to select the cursor using the cursor display means), and the selected reflected wave is marked on the selected reflected wave by the cursor setting section 3.
3 and the character setting section 38 perform an operation of adding a desired mark (mark adding means). Below, E
The waveform memory input means, measurement range display means, cursor display means, and mark adding means will be explained.

(1) Waveform memory manual means First, the operation of storing data in the waveform memory 23 is
The waveform diagram of the reflected wave shown in the figure, the waveform memory 23 shown in Fig. 4
This will be explained with reference to the block diagram. When the trigger signal is output from the timing circuit 25 to the transmitter 5, the transmitter 5 outputs a pulse to the ultrasound probe 2.
Ultrasonic waves are radiated into the object 1 to be inspected. This reflected ultrasound wave is converted into an electrical signal by the ultrasound probe 2,
This signal is received by the receiving section 6. The receiving unit 6 outputs the received reflected wave signal as a value suitable for subsequent processing.

This output reflected wave signal is converted into a digital value in the A/D converter 22 at every predetermined sampling period, and the converted values are sequentially stored in the waveform memory 23. This memory is stored by the address counter 24 in the waveform memory 23.
This is done by sequentially specifying the addresses of . Sampling of the reflected wave signal and addressing of the waveform memory 23 are executed by a start signal output from the timing circuit 25. Sampling of such a reflected wave signal and storage of its digital value in the waveform memory 23 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of the reflected wave signal. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude (voltage) of the reflected wave signal. T and F indicate the same reflected waves as shown in FIG.

In addition, in FIG. 3, only the horizontal axis is extremely enlarged. Next, FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the waveform memory 23. Each block shown in a column means a data storage section in the waveform memory 23, and the data written in each storage section are D(0), D(1)・-°-°°-°°-D, . -,
,・D(1))・D(mouth◆1) “””... is A/D
This is data of a reflected wave signal converted into a digital value by the converter 22. Take these data in general form.3. , is expressed as . Also, go to the code written on the left side of each storage section □6),
A□1)+・・・・・・A□n-1)+A, 4.
ゎ1. A□7゜1. . . . indicates the address of the corresponding storage section. These addresses are expressed in general form as Al4141.

Now, at time t0 shown in FIG.
5 outputs a start signal to the A/D converter 22 and the address counter 24, the A/[ ] converter 22 A/D converts the voltage of the reflected wave 'r at that time to obtain data D.

, get . Further, the address counter 24 is connected to the waveform memory 23.
Specify the address AM (01. As a result, the data D
,. , is the address A□ of the waveform memory 23. , accommodated in Next, at time L1 after time τ has elapsed, when the timing circuit 25 again outputs the activation signal to the A/D converter 22 and address counter 24, the voltage of the reflected wave T at that time is also A/D converted. The data D, 1. is obtained, and the address counter 24 assumes the next address AM1)), so the address A03 . Data D (1) is stored in . In this case, the time τ is the sampling time (for example, 50 ns
). Hereinafter, the reflected waves T, S, F, B,
The data of Town Old... will be stored in the waveform memory 23.

(II) Measurement Range Display Means Not all of the waveform data stored in the waveform memory 23 as described above is used for display, but only data in a desired measurement range is used for display. That is, required data from among the data is selected and input into the display memory 32m of the display controller 32,
Display will be performed based on these input data.

First, the outline of the relationship among the waveform memory 23, liquid crystal display section 31, controller 32, and display memory 32m will be described. The liquid crystal display section 31 has a certain number of liquid crystal dots arranged in the horizontal direction, and the display section controller 3
2 is provided with a display memory 32m having the same number of addresses as the number of arrays, as described above. Now, if the number of liquid crystal dot arrays is 200, the display memory will be 32 m.
The number of addresses (denoted by AL(j)) is the address ALT. , 200 from address AL (199)
becomes. Also, address A1 of the waveform memory 23! ), the number of addresses storing reflected waves T, S, F, B, and BS is, for example, 1000. On the other hand, since the number of display memories is 200, it is necessary to thin out the data to be displayed in order to display all areas. Therefore, the above 1000 addresses (address 80., ~Al'+(9
99)) Every fifth address (address A0゜l+API+s++AM+10)...
......Make AM (99+1>) correspond to the address AL (J) of the display memory 32m, transfer the data to the corresponding address of the display memory 32m, and display these data by the display controller 32 on the liquid crystal display. If displayed on the display section 31, each reflected wave T''Bs can be displayed.

Now, based on the above relationship, the operation of displaying the waveform of a desired measurement range will be explained next with reference to the waveform diagram shown in FIG. 5 and the flowchart shown in FIG. 6. In Figure 5, T
, S, F, B, and Bs are the same waveforms of reflected waves as shown in FIG. - The portion 31A surrounded by the dotted chain line is the desired measurement range to be displayed on the liquid crystal display section 31.

Further, the measurement range 31A is an area of the liquid crystal display section 31 that displays waveforms. Furthermore, Cs and CE are a front cursor and a back cursor displayed on the liquid crystal display section 31, respectively. 31B indicates an area sandwiched between the front cursor C3 and the rear cursor Cc, and is selected within the measurement range 31A. xt, x2. x is the distance 'S+I, which will be described later.
It shows the position where R, l, and are displayed on the screen. These previous cursor C5 and subsequent cursor C4 will be described later (
This will be explained in the section of III) cursor display means. Fifth
The state shown in the figure is the measurement range 1 in the vicinity of both sides of the area 31B sandwiched between the cursors Cs and Ct.
) 1 is schematically shown in a state where the region 1 is displayed on the liquid crystal display section 31. Here, the illustrated dimensions (distance 1idI>) will be described.

l: Distance from the starting point (in this example, the peak position of the reflected wave S from the surface) to the left end of the measurement range 31A IR: Distance corresponding to the width of the measurement range 31A lcs: From the left end of the measurement range 31A to the previous cursor Cs Distance lct: Distance from the left end of the measurement range 31A to the rear cursor C0 1.1: Width of the area 31B between the front cursor C3 and the rear cursor C1 (cursor width) Here, the starting point of the distance l will be explained. do. This starting point (
In this embodiment, e, =0) is calculated from the elapsed time from the time when data storage started in the waveform memory 23 (assuming that the transmission pulse output and data storage start are performed at the same time) and the sound speed (known). A method is used to find it. Note that the starting point of such distance calculation is not limited to the position of the reflected wave S as in this embodiment, and can be set at any position. In that case, the corresponding waveform memory 23
It is sufficient to make the address correspond to the first address of the display memory 32m of this embodiment. In the following explanation, waveform memory 2
The position corresponding to the first address of No. 3 is defined as distance O.

Next, the operation when displaying a waveform as shown in FIG. 5 on the liquid crystal display section 31 will be described below.

First, input the speed of sound at which the ultrasonic wave propagates inside the object to be inspected l (this speed of sound is assumed to be ■) into the keyboard input section 30,
Further, the measurement start point setting section 36 and the measurement range setting section 37 manually set the distance e8 from the start point to the left end of the measurement area and the width NN of the measurement range 31A, respectively. Further, the number of addresses AL(,) of the display memory 32m is the same as that of the liquid crystal display section 3.
1, and is stored in advance.

The number of addresses (ALTj) (200 in the explanation of the origin setting) is represented by 1-.

The measurement start point setting section 36 and the measurement range setting section 37 are each constituted by a rotary switch, and the unit numerical value Δl determined by rotation of the position angle in one direction, for example, clockwise (positive direction), ij' is currently displayed. is added to the value and reversed (
is subtracted by rotation of unit angle in negative direction). Such additions and subtractions are performed by calculating the approximate amount of each low switch by CPU2.
6 is read, and thereby the distance l is stored in the measurement start point setting section 36, and the distance l I! is stored in the measurement range setting section 37. R are set respectively, and these values 1. ．． (!
, l is the distance ir from the starting point to the end point of the measurement range, ItI
E(lE=ffs+7!*) is determined. These numerical values ns+lR1)E correspond to the positions x, , X2 . X
3 are displayed respectively.

Each of the above numerical values V5.125, (Once IH and KL are determined,
The CPU 26 sequentially reads these numerical values according to the procedure stored in the ROM 28 (procedure P1 shown in FIG. 6).
).

Next, in order to display the waveform within the measurement range 31A of the liquid crystal display section 31, it is calculated how to retrieve the data stored in the waveform memory 23 (step P1□). This calculation will be explained below.

The waveform memory 23 stores data of reflected waves smaller than the reflected wave T as described above. However, as described above, what is needed is the data within these measurement ranges 31A, and it is sufficient to display the data within these measurement ranges 31A on the liquid crystal display section 31. Therefore, the above calculation is for determining how to select an address in the waveform memory 23 for storing data within the measurement range in order to display the data within the measurement range 31A on the liquid crystal display section 31. This means that it is a calculation.

For example, LSI is the distance between the surface and bottom of the object to be inspected 1, that is, the distance between reflected waves S and B, ΔK is the number of addresses in the waveform memory 23 that stores data between them, and ΔK is the distance between the surface and bottom surface of the object to be inspected 1, that is, the distance between reflected waves S and B. Letting the time from when the reflected wave B is received be [, the following equation holds true.

2 LsI! = v'5 ・t = Vs HΔK
−r s −・−・・・・(tlV3 −
τS That is, the number Δ of addresses in the waveform memory 23 that stores the data of the distance LSH of the object to be inspected 1 is expressed by the above equation (2). Therefore, the number Δ of addresses in the measurement range 31A with the distance 1fJl I N is 21, and the number Δ is ′ −□ ・・・・・・・・・・・・(3
1V3 − τS. In this (3) 2, if 2/V, τ, = β, then Δ' −βIIR・・・・・・・・・・・・(4)
becomes.

In order to display the measurement range 31A on the liquid crystal display section 31 all at once, select the number KL of addresses in the display memory 23m from each of the addresses constituting ' in the number Δ of addresses in the waveform memory 23, and change the address of the display memory 23m. AL(
All you have to do is make it correspond to j. Therefore, if we take the ratio α between the number Δ and the number KL, we get KL vs τ.

becomes. That is, the address A□□ of the waveform memory 23 is selected every 1/α and the address AL(
j).

On the other hand, the address of the waveform memory 23 at the left end of the measurement area located at a distance l from the peak point (starting point) of the reflected wave S is that the address of the peak point is AM+S), and the address located between the distance l5. Since the number of is β13 from equation (4), it can be seen that A1)(S.βls).

Therefore, in order to display the measurement range 31A, the address of the waveform memory 23 must be AM+s+β! 31, addresses may be selected for each l/α (step P13). That is, in the address AM(i) of the waveform memory 23, the address number i to be selected is expressed by the following equation.

i=s+βIls+j/α ・・・・・・・・・
...(6) In equation (6), j is the address number of the display memory 32m, and when KL=200, j=0 to 199
It is.

In the calculation of equation (6), the number j/α may not be an integer, so in this case, the number i is converted to an integer by an appropriate method such as 4 to 5 (step P14). In this way, the addresses selected by the above means among the addresses of the waveform memory 23 are made to correspond to each address of the display memory 32m, and the data written in the former is transferred to the latter (
Step P, 5). Then, the display unit controller 32 displays the data at each address of the display memory 32m on the display unit 1) (step P16), thereby setting the desired measurement range 31.
A can be displayed.

In this way, by operating the measurement start point setting section 35 and the measurement range setting section 37, it is possible to enlarge or reduce any part of the reflected waveform and display it.

(III) Cursor display means Next, the operation of displaying the cursor on the liquid crystal display section 1) is as follows.
This will be explained with reference to the waveform diagram shown in FIG. 5 and the flowchart shown in FIG. 7.

As mentioned above, the cursor is displayed on the object to be inspected l.
This is a display used to clarify the area 31B within the measurement range 31A that should be carefully observed. now,
When displaying as shown in FIG. 5, the area 31B is located at the position of the previous cursor C8 (As + j!cs
) ~Last cursor CE digit 71 (is + 1et)
It is. A case in which such a cursor display is performed will be described below.

The cursor display is performed by operating the cursor start point setting section 34 and the cursor width setting section 35.

These cursor starting point setting sections 34. Cursor width setting section 35
Both are composed of a low-point switch with a fixed zero point, and when the switch is rotated in the positive direction, a numerical value (distance) is continuously added, and when it is rotated in the negative direction, the value (distance) is continuously subtracted.

By the way, since the cursor is also displayed on the liquid crystal display section 31, it is natural that the position (i
Display s + NcsL (is +6cE) Memory 3
It is necessary to make it correspond to the address AL++1 of 2m. This response will be explained below.

Now, set the cursor to the distance (es −←1
2 cs), and the distance l is also set in the cursor width setting section 35.

If Cl1u = l−CE Ncs) is indicated, the distance! Since , is known, the distance Li1CS is first calculated (step P21 shown in FIG. 7). Next, the value l6. .

βW + lR+ KL is read (procedure Pzz),
The address corresponding to the distance Alcs in the display memory 32m, that is, the address of the previous cursor Cs, and the distance jT+lC
The address corresponding to E, that is, the address of the rear cursor C1 is calculated (step P2□). These addresses are the total DKL of addresses in the display memory 32m.
is obtained by making the ratio of the addresses of both cursors to the distance l equal to the ratio of the distances of both cursors to l. That is, the address of the previous cursor C8 is AL(C3)
If the address of cursor CE after I is AL (CEI),
Each of these addresses is AL(C5I *, AL(C
(7), (1'l1 formula 8L(C3I*
, At+c! Convert +* to an integer (Step P24), thereby setting the address AL(C8) of the previous cursor C8 and the address AL(C8) of the previous cursor C2 in the display memory 23m.
CE) will decide. Although waveform data 4g has already been written at each of these addresses, this data is changed to data displayed with a broken line indicating a cursor (step P2.).

Next, when the display unit controller 32 is driven to display the data at the address A L (C5) l At <cEt (step P26), the cursors cs and ct shown in FIG. 5 are displayed on the display unit 1). That will happen.

The operation of the cursor display has been explained above, but the cursor is originally intended to make it easier to see the area that you want to carefully observe.
On the other hand, since the location to be observed is generally not limited to the same location, in normal usage, the cursor is displayed in the cursor start point setting section 34 and the cursor width setting section 3.
It is often moved by continuously rotating the low-pressure switch No. 5. Therefore, regarding the movement of the cursor display, the flowcharts shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
This will be explained with reference to the waveform diagram shown in FIG.

First, the width of the previous cursor C5 and the next cursor C2 (ztn)
does not change, and while maintaining this width both cursors C,,C
The operation when moving E left and right will be explained. In this case, the low reset switch of the cursor starting point ++JL fixed section 3 is operated. The CPO 26 monitors whether this low-return switch is operated or not.
), if not operated, distance Rs, 12 c
s, (!-1, l, e Set CE to the current value and execute the cursor display process explained earlier using the flowchart shown in Figure 7) (Step P, 3)
. Note that the flowchart 1 shown in FIGS. 8 and 10
In , each distance before performing cursor position processing is indicated with a dash (j2s', 1lcs', N
w', (IcE'), and each distance after performing the above processing is expressed as <1)s, (lcs
, 1w, gcl). Below, the cursor width setting section 35. Since the measurement range setting section 37 is not operated, 1♂I! W'+ρ□=28'.

When the low refresh switch of the cursor start point setting section 34 is operated, this is determined in step P31. Next, it is determined whether the rotary switch has been rotated in the positive direction or in the negative direction (procedure P3a). When the low rotation switch is rotated in the positive direction, that is, cursor C5, CE
When moving to the right in FIG. 5, the operation amount of the low-return switch is read (step P3.). Hereinafter, the li position in any direction will be explained as the amount by which the cursor Cs and CE are moved by a distance Δ1). This distance Δβ1 is the current distance'! It is added to CE'(IICE' + Δx+) and compared with the width IR (step P36).

Here, the processing after comparison will be explained with reference to waveform diagrams shown in FIGS. 9(a) to (C). Each figure (Figure 9 (dl, (also includes el).

) indicates the display surface of the liquid crystal display section 31, and the same parts as shown in FIG. 5 are given the same reference numerals.

FIG. 9 (at indicates the state where the cursors Cs and Cv are at the same position as shown in FIG. 5, and this is considered the current position,
The following explanation is about the cursor Cs from this position.

This will explain the movement of C4.

If it is determined in step P36 that ((gcE' + 6g) <
If it is determined that g+)=IR), cursor C3, C
This is the case where E is the position shown in FIG. 9(C), and immediately the cursor C1 is at a position that coincides with the right end of the measurement range 31A.

In these cases, the distance Kflt e St e w remains the same, and the distance N CS is changed to the distance 1viI [(N C5
'To A f l ) D is changed, and the distance ICE is changed to the distance (
ffct' +Δ1)) (Step P3.)
. Cursor display processing is done based on these distances (
In step P33), the cursors Cs and Ct move to the right, and cursor displays as shown in FIGS. 9(b) and 9(C) appear.

If it is determined in step Pff6 that ((bct'+Δ**)>X*), this means that the rear cursor C1 deviates further to the right from the right end of the measurement range 31A. In this case, the rear cursor CF remains stopped at the rightmost position as shown in FIG. 9 (C1). That is, the distance IcE is "CE=
NR, distance ecs is I! cs-1* (l, t'1)
cs′) =1! R=I! , (Procedure P 3+1
).

Now, in step P34, when the rotary switch is rotated in the negative direction, that is, when the cursors C, C, are moved to the left in FIG.
l, ) is read (step P3.), and the value <lcs' −
It is determined whether Δ1)) is positive or negative (step P4°). here,
When the value (6cs' - Δ1)) is judged to be positive, the cursor C,,C, is at the position shown in Figure 9 fdl, and the value (j2cs' - Δ1)) is O. If it is determined that there is a
This is the case where the position shown in Figure (Q) is the position where the previous cursor Cs coincides with the left end of the measurement range. In these cases,
Distance FilNs, I! w remains the same, and the distance PI l
c s is the distance (1゜' - Δc), and the distance 1ct is the distance m
Change to l (e CE' +Δz+) (Step P4.)
After that, the process of step P33 is performed, and the cursor Cs,
C, moves to the left and a cursor display as shown in FIGS. 9(d) and (e) appears.

If it is determined in step pao that ((6cs'=ΔN)<0), this means that the previous cursor C3 is further leftward from the left end of the measurement range 31A. In this case, the distance βwa becomes O, and the distance fFi17! ct is l6. =IC
E""C5'=A'W (step P42), and then step P. The above process is performed, and the previous cursor C8 matches the left edge of the display screen, and the cursor stops. With the above processing, the cursors C3 and C can be moved without changing the cursor width.
E can be moved.

Next, the operation when changing the width of the front cursor C3 and the rear cursor C9 (width of the measurement range) will be described. In this case, the low reset switch of the cursor width setting section 35 is operated. The CPU 26 monitors whether or not this low-return switch has been operated (step Ps+) in FIG. 10, and if it has not been operated, the distance lcs, "W, 1ct"
is left at its current value - (step Pst'), and cursor display processing is performed (step P2.).

When the cursor width setting section 350 row switch is operated, this is determined in step ps+, and then the direction of the operation is determined (step Ps4). When the rotary switch is rotated in the positive direction to increase the cursor width in the positive direction, the operation amount of the rotary switch is read (step P1.
). Below, for the operation amount in either direction, the cursor width is set to the distance Δ
12 will be explained as the amount of change. Next, the distance ICE
' and the distance Δ12 are compared with the distance r41R (procedure Psb).

This comparison shows that when the cursor width is expanded to the right by moving the rear cursor C1 to the right, the rear cursor C
1 is outside the right end of the measurement range 31A. If the distance (ICE' + Δex) is less than or equal to the distance l5, that is, if the rear cursor C1 does not deviate from the right end of the measurement range 31A, the distance eCE is changed to the distance (1ct'
+Δβ2) (Step P3.). This case is shown in the waveform diagrams in Figure 1) (bl and (C)). ) Figure (The waveform diagram of C1 is a waveform diagram when the distance ((! CE' +ΔXZ) is equal to the distance 7!).

Note that FIG. 1) (al) is the same waveform diagram as in FIG. 9(a).

In step ps6, the rear cursor C4 is in the measurement range 31A.
If it is determined that the distance EC1 is off the right edge of Stop the cursor in the state shown.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step PS4 that the operating direction of the low reswitch is in the negative direction, that is, in the direction of reducing the cursor width, the amount of operation is read (step P59), and then,
distance'! The value obtained by subtracting the distance Δe2 from CE' is lcs
It is determined whether or not the value is larger than that (step P61)). This judgment is a judgment as to whether or not the operation amount (distance Δ12) of the low reswitch exceeds the current cursor width of 1°'. Procedure P. If the distance Δi2 is less than or equal to the cursor width ffw', the distance '41cs is left as is, and the distance 1° is the distance (zw' - ΔXZ),
Distance 1. is changed to the distance (10'=Δit") (step P61), and the cursor display process is performed. The process of step P61 is a process of moving the rear cursor CE to the left by a distance of Δ12 to reduce the cursor width. be.

In step P60, the distance (it ct" - ΔXZ) is the distance Ml
- If it is determined to be greater than cs, the distance lcs
.

The cursor display process is performed in step P1), with lC7 being the distance lcs and distance Il being O. The process in step P is a process in which the next cursor C1 is superimposed on the previous cursor C8 so that only one cursor is displayed.

In this way, by operating the low switch of the cursor start point setting section 34 and the cursor width setting section 35,
The cursor position can be moved freely, and a desired area can be further freely selected from the measurement range.

(IV) Marking means Next, the marking means for marking arbitrary waveforms will be explained. In this example, the surface wave S has the letter r.
An example of assigning AJ will be described.

First, the measurement range starting point setting section 36 and the measurement range setting section 3
7, the reflected wave T-B shown in FIG.
s is displayed. After this display is performed, the mark setting process is executed by pressing the mark key switch 33b of the mark setting section 33 shown in FIG. FIG. 12 shows the mark setting process.

Flowcharts shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 and 13
This will be explained with reference to the display section plan view shown in FIG.

When the mark key switch 33b is pressed, the message ``Please send an echo'' is displayed on the display screen as shown in FIG. Since such display means are well known, their explanation will be omitted. At the same time, previous cursor C8
and a backward cursor C2 are displayed on the display screen. The initial display state of these cursors may be in any state, but for example, the previous cursor C8 is at the left end of the display screen, and the cursor width l, 1 is an appropriate ratio of the measurement range 1) I. ,
For example, if the value is 1) about 5, the echo selection operation becomes easy. Next, while looking at the display screen, press the cursor start point setting section 34.
Then, the cursor width setting section 35 is operated to execute the process in the cursor display means described above, and as shown in FIG. Step P,1).

Next, the largest peak value of the waveform in the area sandwiched between the cursors CS and CE is selected and extracted (step P, 2). This selection is made as follows.

That is, if the value (l6.+βs) and (1cE+i's) which are the addition of the distance pdl e s to the distance 'C3r' CE are the values Ls and Li, these are the address AM (LSl, A□El) of the waveform memory 23. can be made to correspond to This correspondence is As<ts>” −β・Ls ・・・・・・・・・
......T9) AM (Lri""β・Lt
It can be obtained by converting QO) into an integer. Address AM (LS) and address AM (L) of the waveform memory 23 obtained in this way.
Data D (
The maximum value of n) is determined by known means. Then, find the address storing the maximum value (Step P1.
). Let this address be address AM+16). Next, the distance 1 (MK) of the address AM+p) is determined by the following formula based on the relationship between the waveform memory 23 and the distance (Procedure P,
4).

1, □> = A, 4<p>/β ・・・・・・・・・
......00 Next, a mark to be added to the reflected wave S is selected (procedure P7). This mark selection is performed as follows. When the set key switch 33c of the mark setting section 33 is pressed (this operation is performed when the cursor C3
This is done at the time when the reflected wave S is sandwiched between +CE and CE. ), said distance" (MKI is registered at a predetermined address in the RAM 27, and the message "Please set mark" is displayed on the display screen as shown in FIG. 14. rAJ is selected by operating the character setting section 38. The character setting section 38 is composed of a low-return switch, and correspondingly, characters A to Z are stored in the ROM 28. Each address of the 26 characters of the character ANZ is A C
(..

~A C(□,), by rotating the low-return switch of the character setting section 38 once, the address A is set.
C(.) to Actzs+ are sequentially selected. If the rotation direction of the low-return switch is clockwise (positive direction), the character selection is A-B-C...Y
-Z-A, and in the counterclockwise direction (negative direction), the reverse order is performed. The processing procedure for character selection will be explained below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that these processes are naturally performed by the CPU 26. RAM27. R.O.
It is executed using M28.

First, it is determined whether or not the rotary switch of the character setting section 38 has been rotated (procedure Ps+), and if it has not been rotated, a number k corresponding to the position of the rotary switch at that time is output (procedure Pag). , k-th address A C(K
) is retrieved (step P s3
). If it is determined that the rotary switch is being rotated, it is determined whether the operating direction is positive or negative (procedure Psi).
, is determined to be positive, the manipulated variable Δl is read (step P85).

Then, the manipulated variable Δl is added to the number corresponding to 71 at the start of rotation, and this added value is compared with a constant (number corresponding to one rotation of the low-return switch) (procedure P 1)6). When the above addition value is less than 0 (in this case, it means that character selection passes through the final address and starts selection again from the first address), the operation (k = k' + Δβ, -) ) is executed (procedure PI17), and the character stored in the address corresponding to the value thus obtained is retrieved (procedure pH3).

In step P[16, if the above addition value is less than or equal to 0, the character at the address corresponding to the addition value is extracted (
Procedure Paa, pHi).

Step 1) When it is determined that the low reswitch has been operated in the negative direction at iQP e 4, the operation amount Δl is read (procedure P,), and the subtraction value (k' - 8CS) is 0 or It is determined whether or not it is positive (procedure P9o), and if so, the character stored at the address corresponding to the reduced 1γ value is extracted (procedure P ql, 'P B:I).

Procedure P. When the addition value is determined to be negative (in this case, it means that the character selection passes through the first address and starts from the final address), the operation =Ko - (ΔN, - ) is executed (step P92).
, the character stored at the address corresponding to the obtained value is extracted (step P63).

As described above, Step III in the flowchart shown in FIG.
JI (P7s processing has been explained. As described above, the procedure P82゜P1 of the flowchart shown in FIG.
)71 P es+ P 91+ P qz When the character rAJ corresponding to the reflected wave S is extracted, next, means for displaying this character rAJ on the display screen is executed. Such display processing means will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. This process uses the distance l obtained in step P74 in the mark setting process shown in FIG. L2. Display memory 32m address A
The process corresponds to L (HK).

First, it is determined whether the distances β, □ are within the measurement range (displayed range) (procedure P1o1). This judgment is l, ≦1°. This is done by ≦(7!s+Il*).

Distance 7! (If □ is outside the measurement range, no display will be performed. If it is within the measurement range, calculate the address of the display memory to which this distance e (MKI corresponds) (Step P1゜2). This calculation is performed using the following equation.

4 (MK) N S A L l Bi = KLX □・・・・・・・・・・・・
・(1R) Note that Kt is the number of all addresses in the display memory 32m as described above.The number A1. (MKI ”
The address A L (MKI) is determined by converting (Move 1) 1) jPIQs) into an integer. Next, the position corresponding to this address AL (MK), that is, FIG.
In FIG. 14, the step P in FIG. 12 is located at a position that coincides with the peak position of the reflected wave S on the horizontal axis (distance axis or time axis)? 5
In order to display the character "8" extracted in step P1, data of the character rAJ is set in the controller 32 (step P1°4). Then, under the control of the controller 32, the character "8" is placed in the position corresponding to the address AL (MK).
(Step P1゜,).

It is desirable that this display be made at a position that does not overlap with the waveform display, for example at the top of the display screen.

Once the letter "A" is added to the reflected wave S by the mark display process described above, from now on, even if the measurement range is changed, the already registered distance of 10° will be used and the procedure ()),
. If processes 1 to P1o5 are executed, the character rAJ will always be displayed accompanying the reflected wave S.

One display example will be explained below using a diagram. Figure 17 (a
1 to fe) are plan views of the display section. FIG. 17(a) is a diagram in which the reflected waves T, S, and 13 are displayed on the display section so that H measurement can be performed. Among the reflected waves displayed in this way, the first
As shown in Figure 7 (bl), the above process displays the letters rAJ on the top of the reflected wave S. Note that the same process adds the letters rBJ on the top of the reflected wave B. 17(C) shows the display screen when changing the measurement range and measuring the vicinity of the reflected wave S. In this case as well, the reflected wave S is
is given the letter "A". If the gain is reduced in this state or a contact failure occurs in the probe 2, the reflected wave S will no longer be displayed as shown in FIG. 17(d). However, the letters rAJ remain displayed unless a failure occurs in the ultrasonic flaw detector. Therefore, when a display screen as shown in FIG. 17(d) appears, it can be determined that the gain is insufficient or the probe 2 has a poor contact. FIG. 17 (From the state shown in C1, now the reflected wave B
When it is desired to measure the vicinity of , by operating the measurement start point setting section 36 to move the waveform, reflected wave B and letters rBJ appear as shown in FIG. 17 (tel). Thereby, it can be confirmed that this reflected wave is reflected wave B.

That is, to display reflected wave B, the letter r is used regardless of the waveform.
It is only necessary to operate the measurement start point setting section 36 until BJ appears, making the operation extremely easy.

In this way, in this embodiment, specific characters are assigned to predetermined reflected waves, so that the predetermined reflected waves that serve as a guide for measurement can be reliably recognized.
The observer can accurately grasp the location currently being measured, and if no reflected waves are obtained, the observer can determine whether there is insufficient gain, poor contact with probe 2, or a malfunction of the ultrasonic flaw detector. You can make an immediate decision.

In addition, in the description of the above embodiment, the liquid crystal display section was explained as an example of the display section, but the display section is not limited to the liquid crystal display section.
An ordinary cathode ray tube, plasma display, etc. can be used. In addition, although we have explained an example of adding letters (alphabet) to reflected waves, the mark can also be made using other types of letters, letters, etc.
It may be a symbol or a sign; if particularly accurate measurement is required, a line segment or arrow corresponding to the peak position of the reflected wave can be added to indicate the exact position. Furthermore, although we have explained an example in which characters are set using low-reswitches, key switches for the required display marks may also be used, or settings may be made using a combination of key switches 0 to 9 as shown in Figure 2. You can. Furthermore, an example of displaying the reflected waves T to B at the time of marking has been explained, but if a predetermined reflected wave is known,
It is not necessary to display the entire reflected wave T-B, and a limited range including a predetermined reflected wave may be displayed. Although an example has been described in which a cursor is displayed along with a message instructing selection of a predetermined reflected wave, the cursor can also be displayed at all times.

Furthermore, in this example, marks were attached to the reflected waves S and B from the surface and bottom of the object to be inspected, but it is also effective to attach marks to the defective waves for test pieces with standard defects. be.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the present invention, since a mark is attached to a predetermined reflected wave, it is possible to reliably recognize the reflected wave that serves as a guide for measurement. This allows the observer to accurately grasp the current observation position, and if no reflected waves are obtained, it can be determined whether the ultrasonic flaw detector is malfunctioning or not, saving time and time for checking. You can avoid wasting your time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of the key switch of the origin setting section shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of a part of the reflected wave. , Figure 4 is the first
The block diagram of the waveform memory shown in the figure, Figure 5 shows the measurement range,
6 and 7 are flowcharts explaining the operation of measurement range display and cursor display, respectively. FIG. 8 is a flowchart explaining cursor position processing, and FIG. 9 (a) ). (, e) +b+, fcL Display waveform diagram for door W cursor position processing, Figure 10 is a flowchart explaining cursor width processing, Figure 1) (al, (b), (C1 is for cursor width processing) Figure 12 is a flowchart explaining the marking process, Figures 13 and 14 are plan views of the display surface when marks are added, and Figures 15 and 16 are Figure 12. A flowchart explaining in detail a part of the flowchart shown in FIG.
, (C1, fdl, (1!l is a plan view of the display surface explaining reflected waves with marks added, FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a conventional ultrasonic flaw detector, and FIG. 19 is an explanation of the water immersion method. The cross-sectional view and Fig. 20 are waveform diagrams of reflected waves. 1...Object to be inspected, I [......
...Defect, 2... Ultrasonic probe, 5...
...... Transmission section, 6...... Receiving section,
21... Ultrasonic bed 1) > device, 22...
...A/D conversion section, 23... Waveform memory, 24... Address counter,
25...Evening/timing circuit, 26...
...CPU, 27...177\
M, 28...1gu OM, 30...
・・・・Keyboard 1 manual power section, 31・・・・・・・Liquid crystal display section, 32・・・・・・・Display section controller)・l Cola, 32m・・・・・・・・Display memory, 33...
・・・・・・Mark setting section, 34・・・・・・・・・
Cursor start point setting section, 35... Old cursor width setting section, 36... Measurement start point setting section, 37...
...Measurement range setting section, 38...... sentence) setting section. Figure 3"M Figure 2 15 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 (c) (d) (e) 1++ Figure (a) (b) (C) Figure 12 Entrance==D Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 16 Figure 17 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Figure 19 Figure 20

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A transmitter that outputs a predetermined pulse to an ultrasound probe, a receiver that receives a signal from the ultrasound probe, and a signal that is transmitted based on the signal received by the receiver. In an ultrasonic flaw detector, the ultrasonic flaw detector is equipped with a waveform memory that sequentially stores input signals received by the receiving section in addresses at a predetermined sampling period, and data to be displayed on the display section. a display memory for displaying, a selection means for selecting an address of the waveform memory according to a measurement range to be displayed on the display section, and a selection means for transferring data at an address selected by the selection means to a corresponding address of the display memory. data transfer means; waveform display means for displaying data in the display memory on the display section; reflected wave selection means for selecting a predetermined reflected wave from among the displayed reflected waves; a computing means for computing;
The present invention is characterized by comprising an address determining means for determining an address of the display memory corresponding to the calculated distance, and a mark display means for displaying a predetermined mark at a position on the display section corresponding to the determined address. Mark display device for ultrasonic flaw detector. (2) In claim (1), the reflected wave selection means includes cursor display means for displaying a cursor before and after the predetermined reflected wave, and a memory stored between these two cursors in the waveform memory. 1. A mark display device for an ultrasonic flaw detector, comprising: arithmetic means for determining an address storing a maximum value of the detected maximum value. (3) A mark display device for an ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim (1), wherein the predetermined mark is selected by a mark selection means from a plurality of marks stored in a storage section. .