JPH01126242A - Apparatus for collecting waste hollow glass - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To easily and surely separate waste hollow glasses by colors, by carrying the waste hollow glasses in pieces into a collector, irradiating the waste hollow glasses with white light and UV light by a light projecting device, identifying the transmitted light, and actuating a magnetic valve, thereby opening and closing deflection flaps.

CONSTITUTION: The waste hollow glasses charged from a charging port 4 are carried in pieces into the device by a cylindrical conveyor 5. The carry-in is detected by a switch 28, which in turn actuates the light projecting device 9 to irradiate the waste hollow glass with the white light. The irradiation light is made incident on a light receiving device 10 after the transmission through the waste hollow glass. A filter which allows the transmission of part of the white light and the UV light is mounted at this light receiving device 10. When the UV light of high transmittability is detected by the light receiving device 10, the waste hollow glass is decided to be the white glass. The magnetic valve 13 is activated to widely open both of the deflection flaps 7, 8 with rods 27, thereby, the waste hollow glasses are dropped into a vessel right below the device. The brown glass is decided by the detection of only the white light. The magnetic valve 15 is then operated to open the deflection flap 8 to an acute angle, thereby, the brown glasses are separated and dropped to a vessel on the left side. The green glasses are decided by the white light and the weak UV light, thereby, the green glasses are separated and dropped to the right side.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention provides a method in which unprocessed waste glass is sorted by color and then held and extracted separately, and in particular each
One sort is brought into a container belonging to a department, and a conveyor is used for sorting.

The conveyor member of the conveyor breaks up the unsorted waste glass on the input side and passes in front of a light-transmitting device on the conveyance path, and the light-transmitting device deflects the deflection device disposed at the end of the conveyance path. The deflection device is used for the separation of parts and their derivation, and consists of two deflection flaps, the deflection flap being the door plate of one door member, and the door member being a long flat part of the conveyor. It relates to a collection device for waste hollow glass, which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction.

<Prior Art> Waste hollow glass is produced in large quantities as a packaging material or package for many packaged items, especially food products.

Basically, it is a useful raw material for glass factories. The purpose of collecting waste hollow glass is to provide these raw materials to glass factories, thereby easing the burden of household waste disposal. By the way, hollow glass colored brown and green.

It is recognized that its value as a raw material is significantly inferior to that of white glass or transparent glass. A disaggregating device (segregating device) has created the prerequisite for sorting hollow glass according to several colors, but according to the invention5 the sorting is usually carried out for all three colors. Color sorting.

It can be done electronically according to various physical criteria. However, as a rule, sorting is carried out by means of electro-optical color identification, the prerequisite being that each hollow glass workpiece passes separately in front of an optical scanning device.

The invention is directed in principle to a collection of waste hollow glass with said sorting, which can be installed in a glass factory if the waste hollow glass is supplied without being sorted. A drop passageway is provided in a certain part of the chamber, through which the hollow glass seed can be taken out.

The present invention consists of 1. In particular, it is aimed at dumping containers that can be placed in the vicinity of the consumer. Here, the lower part of the falling vertical passage is closed to form chambers in which the hollow glass seeds are temporarily stored. This is done for an embodiment provided with the following.

In all cases, only one input port is provided for the unsorted hollow glass, behind which a singulation device (disaggregating device) and a color sorting section are arranged. This dumping container is suitable as a single unit that reliably separates the various useful glasses. This is because unsorted hollow glass pieces are no longer automatically sorted. Disposal containers with different inputs for different colors do not allow for reliable separation of the various hollow glasses, as they do not automatically separate them and are dependent on the manufacturer.

Inasmuch as the invention relates to a dumping container, the invention relates to a separate route for the hollow glass to the glass factory, on which - the discolored and sorted hollow glass must be kept separate and secure. This depends on the specific mode of production of white glass, i.e. the pieces subjected to glass melting must consist only of white glass;
The reason for this is that if even a small amount of colored glass is mixed in, the molten glass in the glass crucible will be colored. For this reason, from sorting until delivery to the glass factory, waste hollow glass must be kept strictly separate for each color.

The waste hollow glass also contains materials that, after color sorting, still need to be separated before the glass is placed in the melting crucible. These materials include metals that are bonded to the glass as bottle seals or caps, but also ceramic materials that are introduced with the hollow glass in the form of a bottle or shaped container. In addition to these non-glass materials, there are other foreign objects that may be introduced either intentionally or accidentally. Therefore, a separate conditioning step is required to remove non-glass materials from the raw material. This adjustment process has traditionally been carried out in glass factories using sorting belts.

The invention starts from a waste hollow glass collection device known from DE 29 52 411. This German patented dumping container has one chamber for each of the three colors of glass. However, if the waste hollow glass collection device is used solely for sorting, the chamber is not provided with a bottom. In that case, each chamber forms a fall passage.

The individualization device has a vertical passageway arranged below the input port, and a rotatable or swingable device suspended below the vertical passageway in a pendulum shape and arranged above the chamber or drop-standing passageway. A one-color sorting section consisting of a chute is disposed between the vertical aisle and the chute. The waste hollow glass is then transmitted through the light barrier, whereby the colors are recognized. The chute is rotated color by color by the control device so that the recognized hollow glass falls into the appropriate chamber.

This dumping container has actually not been put into practical use to date. The reason for this is that vertical aisles cause a loss in height, so for single-color sorting, it is necessary to install the department and chute in an excessively high place, or to minimize the storage space in each room. This is because the dumping container must be kept in a dry condition for a sustained period of time. If you want to change the state from this.

A problem arises because there is no possibility of holding the glass pieces separately for each color between the emptying operation and the operation of transporting the ejected glass. Problems include the contamination of non-glass sorted from hollow glass into the glass, and the inability to take measures to protect the container from damage to the chute due to intentional acts from outside, such as manipulation from outside. be.

As a result, when this type of disposal container is attached and used, the cost of 1M material becomes high, and the collected white glass is impure and cannot be used for melting, or is considered a low-grade product.

On the contrary, if the known waste hollow glass collecting device is used, with a drop-off channel, without a bottom, simply as a sorting device, to separate out the sorted hollow glass, the sorting device The shortcomings of this are particularly noticeable. These disadvantages are, in particular, the uncontrollable discharge of false discharges, which are particularly caused by insufficient individualization of the vertical passages and chutes, and by the curved shape of the hollow glass. This is caused by the fact that the light beam used for identification is deflected. Inaccuracies in sorting glass should not be overlooked, given that incorrect sorting of brown or green colored glass bottles sometimes renders tons of white glass unusable.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple, integrated, but accurate separation for white glasses, brown glasses, green glasses and non-glasses, and to To easily and reliably hold glass accurately sorted by color in a separated state.

<Means for Solving the Problem> The purpose is to sort untreated waste glass by color and then hold and extract it separately, and in particular, to
Each one sort is brought into a container assigned to a department;
A conveyor is used for sorting, and the conveyor member of the conveyor is on the input side.

The unsorted waste glass is broken up and passed in front of a translucent device on the conveyance path, and the translucent device controls a deflection device arranged at the end of the conveyance path, and the deflection device separates the waste glass into pieces. It consists of two deflection flaps, the deflection flaps being the door plates of one door member, and the door member being the door plate.

The light transmitting device is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the conveyor, and the light transmitting device includes a white light transmitter and a light receiver, and a combination color filter is disposed in front of the light receiver. The combined color filter transmits the ultraviolet to violet components of the white light to the receiver, and a portion of the emitted white light is guided to the receiver without being filtered, and the filter does not pass through the receiver. , an electronic control device for the flaps is arranged behind the electronic control device, which controls whether the flaps are both fully opened or only one flap is fully opened and the other flap is opened to a predetermined acute angle. Various embodiments of the invention achieved by the characterized waste hollow glass collection device are set out in the claims below.

In the collection device according to the invention, a single transparent device and two
Only a single deflection device from a single door plate is required; this is largely made possible by the use of a filter placed in the optical path of the translucent device in front of the receiver. . These filters transmit only a portion of the ultraviolet and violet components of the white light from the transmitter of the translucent device. It has been established that in this band the transmittance of each glass type will have some sufficient difference from each other. In this case, of course, white glass has the highest light transmittance. In a simplified form of the invention, this is utilized as follows. That is, when the light receiver detects a transmittance corresponding to white glass, a certain door member is opened from the two door panels by the control unit.

The door member is correspondingly provided with two flaps which are set approximately 90" from its open position. The white glass workpiece can be passed through this door member without being disturbed. Pass through.

It reaches a white glass container placed behind the door member.

When a material to be processed with a lower transmittance than white glass is introduced,
A detector behind the light receiver of the illumination device distinguishes between green and brown glass based on the detected transmittance. When green glass is detected, one flap of the door member is fully opened, and the other flap is opened at a certain acute angle, for example 45 inches. The material to be treated falls into a container placed on the side of the door member. When brown glass is detected, the opposite flap opens fully and the other flaps partially open.

For this reason, the workpiece of brown glass is
falls into the container. When the receiver reports zero transmission,
The flaps are fully opened. The thrown object to be processed collides with the door member and falls into the fourth container located below the door member.

By the way, a part of the emitted white light passes through the object whose color is to be determined, for example via a mirror device, without being filtered, and is directed to the second light receiver of the light receiver. It will be done. 1. Brown glass does not transmit ultraviolet rays. It must be determined by the transmission of white light whether the object to be treated is actually brown glass or a light-opaque object, for example a tin can.

In this way, according to the present invention, white glass, green glass, and brown glass can be accurately distinguished, and
In particular, non-glass workpieces are led to a fourth container separate from the glass container.

In order to ensure that the green glass or the brown glass is deflected irrespective of its size or diameter and reaches the respective corresponding container, the flaps of the single member are formed according to claim 2. Rods secured to the flaps provide a downwardly increasing width of each flap.

A small diameter bottle is rotated precisely by hitting a relatively long bar, and a large diameter bottle is deflected by a smaller bar located at a relatively high position. The rod is placed in a recess in the flap adjacent to it so as not to interfere with the operation of the flap.

According to the features of claim 3, both flaps.

In the closed state, it is locked by a magnetic switch. The acute position of each flap is ensured by each separate magnetic switch.

According to claim 4, the flap can be deflected against a spring force. This ensures that only objects of a given weight pass through.

If the object to be processed is, for example, a translucent plastic bottle, the weight of the object to be processed is insufficient to open the flap. Therefore, the object to be processed falls into the fourth container for receiving foreign objects. In addition, the spring also has the task of automatically closing the flap after passing the white glass or deflecting the colored glass.

A preferred arrangement of the individual containers inside the collection device is indicated in claim 5.

According to the feature of claim 6, the bottom of the container is formed in the form of a trough. This is advantageous because the loaded material to be treated is uniformly distributed among the individual containers. On the other hand, the advantage is that a closable opening can be arranged at the lowest point of the trough, through which the individual sorted workpiece types can be discharged without any problems.

According to a particularly simple form of the conveyor, an inclined tube is used, the immobile rolling surface of which is used as a conveying member.

According to claim 8, a power line-independent voltage source is used for powering the translucent device and the deflection device. This voltage source may be a battery that requires occasional replacement. But for energy supply.

Other power line-dependent energy sources, such as solar concentrators, etc., may also be used.

In order to protect the energy supply device, it is activated only during the dosing process. For this purpose, according to claim 9, a switch is integrated in the conveyor behind one singulation device, which switch activates the transmissive device and the deflection device when the glass is introduced.

Another object of the invention is to facilitate emptying from the collection device. For this purpose, according to the structure of claim 10,
At least one point of action is provided on the collecting device for a lifting device, which allows it to run on rails arranged at the upper end of the longitudinal wall of a large container in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The entire device can be mounted on a suitable carriage. The collection device can be moved over the container by means of a carriage, so that the individual containers of the collection device can be discharged into a partial area of the container provided for this purpose.

An advantageous compartmentalization of the container is indicated in claim 11. When placing the collection device on the container, the evacuation receptacle of the foreign object container is above the first laterally extending sub-area of the container, and the evacuation openings of the remaining three receptacles of the collection device are above the other three sub-areas of the container which are arranged parallel to each other.

According to an embodiment of the invention as set out in claim 11, the hollow glass, which has been separately introduced into the inlet and is therefore largely undamaged, falls onto a horizontal continuously operating conveyor, which conveyor has its conveying member The hollow glasses are separated into individual pieces and held separately. A continuously operating conveyor conveys glass one after another into this conveying member. Therefore, these hollow glasses can be colored according to a predetermined line, especially their longitudinal center line, and by the light from the light source.
As the hollow glass passes in front of this light source, it is illuminated and scanned. Each hollow glass is therefore detected by the light source over a long distance, from the neck to the bottom in the case of bottles and other hollow glasses. Therefore, sorting is
is almost completely defect-free. When the collecting device is used in a glass factory, glass particles can also be properly recognized and sorted according to their color by means of a plurality of light barriers that operate independently of each other.

A hollow glass in horizontal position conveyed on a continuously operating conveyor can be used to focus the light. This allows a reduction in the output of the optical system. Color discrimination can also be achieved by diodes. This has special significance when implementing a dumping container, since a special power supply is required for this purpose. According to the invention, therefore, prerequisites for a solar generator as power supply are also provided.

Due to the horizontal design of the continuously operating conveyor, no height is required to move the hollow glass into the chamber or drop aisle. According to the invention, this is used to mount a fixed breaking tool onto which the sorted glass falls and breaks.

This destroys the hollow glass, resulting in a higher bulk density and, accordingly, a significantly higher receiving capacity of the dumping container, while at the same time reducing the subsequent sorting of the non-glass initially bonded to the hollow glass. It becomes easier. Another advantage of continuously operating conveyors is that for each color standard,
The non-glass previously separated from the hollow glass may not be brought into the drop passage or chamber provided for this purpose, provided that a pivot flap or wrap is provided for discharging the white, green and brown hollow glass. It is possible to do so. Therefore,
Small pieces of ceramics or bottles or other foreign objects can be separated from the fall passageway or chamber in advance.

The horizontal length should be as small as possible. This is because the continuously operating conveyor defines the maximum practical depth of the drop path, particularly the dump container. On the other hand, in order to avoid damage due to the aforementioned tampering, it is necessary to separate the continuously operating conveyor from various external objects. This is realized by the features of claim 13. That is, the introduced hollow glass is stopped by the collision wall and falls into the funnel of the hollow glass delivery section.

In this case, the pendulum is first deflected by the entire weight of the hollow glass, so that the hollow glass remains stationary.

The hollow glass body is therefore unable to carry out its own movement on the moving conveying member of the continuously operating conveyor. This allows the color identification to be placed directly after the funnel, thereby reducing the length of the continuously operating conveyor and, in the case of dump containers, reducing the depth of the container. On the other hand, the impingement wall acts as a barrier against foreign bodies introduced through the input opening without qualification, so that these foreign bodies cannot reach the funnel as well as its mechanism.

According to the features of claim 14, the continuously operating conveyor comprises:
The hollow glasses are arranged so that they are naturally oriented on the conveyor, for example, so that the bottles are placed on their side and conveyed with their bottoms or necks oriented forward in the direction of their longitudinal dimensions. has been done. Additionally, the segmented belt of the belt conveyor allows linear scanning with a centered, stationary light source. This fixed light source can be placed below the belt frame to save space.

Since the hollow glass does not undergo any relative movement on the segmented belt of the belt conveyor, a linear scan is achieved as desired.

It has been found that bottles or similar hollow glass bodies can only be destroyed under certain preconditions by the kinetic energy generated during the free fall of the bottle, if the height of fall is reduced as much as possible. ing. Here, further possibilities exist for increasing the filling volume of the dump container and for reducing the height of the sorting aisle. In that case, the bottle must be struck horizontally onto the cutting edge of the breaking tool at a distance between the bottom of the bottle and the neck, which should not be less than a certain value from the bottom of the bottle. Only then will most of the introduced hollow glass be destroyed. To this end, the features of claim 15 are proposed according to the invention.

In this case, in particular by embodying the features of claim 16 at the same time, it is provided that the continuous operating conveyor is provided with a rotating flap, which is inserted into the upper running zone of the continuous operating conveyor at the appropriate time by rotating the color sorting section. The sorted hollow glass bodies are deflected at an acute angle from their direction of movement on the conveyor. The hollow glass body reaches the funnel with its remaining kinetic energy. This remaining kinetic energy is dissipated by the upward movement of the funnel until the hollow glass body comes to rest.

At that time, the pendulum of the funnel is released for the first time.

The hollow glass body, which is directed towards the cutting edge of the tool, falls through a pre-calculated path of motion directed towards this cutting edge. This destroys most of the hollow glass.9 The recovered raw material has a very high bulk density, for example up to about 750 kg/cb+s.

Similar effects can also be achieved by the configuration of claim 17. The alignment of the hollow glass bodies deflected from the conveyor is
In that case, the aligned hollow glass body, caused by a stop flap on the conveyor facing the slope, overcomes this slope and impinges on the cutting edge of the tool. In this configuration, the pivoting flap moves parallel to itself when ejecting the hollow glass body, so that it can only eject the hollow glass body in the direction towards said slope. It goes without saying that you must do 1.

If each chamber is formed as a drop-off passage, the invention is usually implemented in the immediate vicinity of traders or consumers of old glass.

However, in the case of a dumping container, this container must be emptied at a certain distance according to the amount of waste hollow glass to be discharged, and the sorted old glass must be transported away strictly according to type. This transport is usually carried out by road vehicles.

According to the present invention, since the dumping container is emptied at that location, transportation itself is not necessary, and the tared weight at the time of transportation is kept at a small value. Bearing in mind the high bulk density of the contents of the container as mentioned above, since the container will then have to be lifted, the size of the container should be such that it can be handled by a lifting device, e.g. a truck construction crane. There is a need.

Two disposal containers that meet this requirement are also the subject of the present invention. Although this dumping container can be used outside the hollow glass collection device, it is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its construction is shown in claims 20 to 23.

This disposal container takes into account, firstly, the relative amount of colored glass obtained according to the invention, by the size of its chambers, and the size of the storage chambers of the glass differentiated by color. The dumping container secondly allows a continuously operating conveyor of sufficient length to be able to be mounted under the cover of the dumping container without over-volumeing the structural unit of the dumping container.

In addition, the inner core of the dumping container incorporates a longitudinal chamber for receiving non-glass, so that non-glass can also be accommodated in the dumping container and separated separately without damaging the high-value raw materials. It can be stored and transported. The entire structure forms one structural unit, which may be formed with a droplet passageway and which can be easily manipulated during glass filling by a construction crane.

Continuously operating conveyors and color sorters consume only a small amount of power, but a self-powered unit, for example a battery, may be used for the containers, according to claim 20, which provides an arrangement for this purpose. A portion of the front wall which has no use is directly used for this purpose.

When transporting the contents of the container, it is necessary to prevent the glass that has already been sorted from being mixed even partially. This cannot be reliably avoided if the container is tilted for emptying. Therefore, according to the configuration of claim 21, the dumping container is configured with a bottom discharge part. Simply raise the container to the height of the transport vehicle and open the flap.

This process is advantageously not left to the operator;
According to the present invention, 0 mechanically performed.

For this purpose, a delivery device according to claim 22 is used. According to this arrangement, all chambers are emptied at the same time, thereby avoiding accidentally discharging the contents of each chamber which has already been emptied.

When using this type of transfer device, the dump container is lowered from above into the centering funnel of the transfer device, and its own weight causes a deflection of the hinge of the flap, which is forced by the cam after the flap is locked or the base is released. have them do it. The contents of the chamber.

The pieces are not mixed together as they are held by the partition of the transfer device.

The transfer device may advantageously be arranged on the loading surface of the truck or on the transport silo, in which case the loading surface and the transport silo have the same compartment as the dumping container.

An advantage of using transport silos is that the silos can be driven individually from the small truck to the dumping container. Although this vehicle is acceptable in urban areas, the net payload capacity is relatively small. Therefore.

According to the invention, this vehicle is used with a hanging member carrying one or more transport silos. These silos are received one after another by a small truck, filled, and then transported away. The suspension members can be fabricated outside the city center and connected to form a row in a small truck.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiments In FIGS. 1 to 5, a container body according to the invention is designated by the reference numeral 1. The container body 1 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped container 2 closed on all sides, which container 2 is provided with an input opening 4 in one of its upper edges 3 . A cylindrical conveyor 5 is directly connected to this input port 4. The conveying member of the conveyor 5 is cylindrical and is oriented inwardly and downwardly. The cylindrical conveyor 5 is equipped with deflection equipment! It terminates at a certain distance from 6. The deflection device 6 is formed by a door member made of two door panels. The door panel is formed by two deflection flaps 7.8 which move horizontally away from each other towards opposite sides. Approximately halfway along the path of the cylindrical conveyor 5, there is a translucent device to be described later! ! 9 is provided.

Here, the light projector and the light receiver are arranged on both sides of the cylindrical conveyor 5 so that the emitted light beam passes through the lower half of the cylindrical conveyor 5. In front of the receiver of the translucent device 9, a combination color filter is arranged, which separates the white light from ultraviolet light into a violet component and a white light component. The signal detected by the photoreceiver is directed to a logic switching circuit. The logic switching circuit consists of 3
This is a part of an electronic control circuit that controls the magnetic switches 13 to 15. A magnetic switch 13 is arranged directly above the door plate of the deflection device 6 at the point where the two deflection flaps 7.8 face each other and actuates a slider which locks the two deflection flaps 7.8 in the closed position. The magnetic switch 14.15 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubular conveyor 5 behind the deflection flap 7.8 when viewed in the input direction. These magnetic switches actuate a slider for restraining the deflection flap 7.8 in the acute open position. In order to open the deflection flap 7.8, the spring force of the springs 16, 17 must be overcome.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the collection device includes upright bulkheads 18-
21 into separate containers 22-25. The container 24 is disposed below the cylindrical conveyor 5, and has the smallest internal volume among the four containers 22-25 in total. At the rear of the deflection device W16 when viewed in the input direction is a container 22 with the largest internal volume. Containers 23,25 are each arranged adjacent to container 24. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the bottom of the container is shaped like a trough. For this purpose, sheet metal pieces 26 are welded diagonally to the bottom area.

The deflection device 6 is shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.

In particular, the particular shape of the deflection flap 7.8 is illustrated. Each deflection flap 7.8 is provided with rods 27 arranged parallel to each other on its side pointing towards the other deflection flap 8, 7, these rods being connected to the opposite deflection flap 8, 7. has entered the area of rod 27
The length of increases from the upper part to the lower part. In order to ensure that the rod 27 does not interfere with the complete closing of the deflection flap 7.8, the deflection flap 7.8 is provided with:
Notches are formed facing each other at a distance from each other,
These recesses accommodate one rod 27 of the opposite deflection flap 7.8 and are therefore of a length corresponding to the length of the respective rod 27. A switch 28 is disposed in the cylindrical conveyor 5 near the input port 4, and this switch 28 activates the deflection device 6 and the translucent device W19. The switch 28 may be a microswitch energized by a wire extending into the tubular conveyor to be deflected by the input workpiece, but it may also be a contactless switch.

When a certain workpiece is introduced from white glass, this workpiece energizes the switch 28, and the light transmitting device 9 transmits light through the workpiece. The light intensity is measured. The highly transparent UV radiation that reaches the receiver and is filtered out by a combined color filter is recorded, a signal is formed and guided to an electronic control unit. This signal energizes the magnetic switch 13, which attracts the slider locking the deflection flap 7.8, and the workpiece pushing the deflection flap 7.8 moves both guide flaps 7. .8 is further pressed, and the object to be treated falls in a straight line into the container 22 for white glass.

(Figure 4a).

When a green glass workpiece is introduced, the receiver records a relatively weak intensity of ultraviolet light. At the same time, the transmittance of white light is also measured. In this case too, a signal is generated and sent to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit energizes magnetic switch 13 and magnetic switch 14.15. In this case as well, the biasing of the magnetic switch 13 attracts the corresponding slider, so the deflection flap 7
8 can be opened. The magnetic switch 14 actuates a slider that holds the guide flap 7 in an acute position;
The magnetic switch 15 attracts another slider which rotates the longitudinal deflection flap 8 further open. The green glass workpiece impinging on the longitudinal deflection flap 7 is deflected laterally by the deflection flap 7 and falls into the container 25 for green glass (FIG. 4c).

Figure 4b shows the state in which brown glass has been introduced. In this case, the deflection flap 8.

The longitudinal deflection flap 7, held in an acute angular position, is rotated widely so that the brown glass workpiece is deflected to the side and falls into the container 23 for brown glass.

If an object to be processed that does not transmit any light, for example a tin can, is placed, the magnetic switch 13 will not be activated. Since the deflection flap 7.8 is closed, the introduced material to be processed hits the deflection flap 7.8 and falls into the container 24 for foreign matter below it.

The springs 16, 17 have a spring constant so high that the deflection flap 7.8 cannot be opened in the case of workpieces that are reported to be translucent but substantially lighter than glass bottles, such as plastic containers. . This object to be treated is therefore also deflected by the deflection flap 7.8 and falls into the container 24.

In order to empty the separator, a closable opening is formed in the lowermost point of the trough-shaped bottom of each container 22-25. These openings are connected to the container 25
, 22, 23 are substantially collinear parallel to the longitudinal walls of the collecting device.

The opening of the container 24 is formed to be on the side of that line.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the electronic circuit for color identification and control. The light-transmitting device, hitherto generally designated by the reference numeral 9, and the light receiver, generally designated by the reference numeral 10, are formed by the following specific structural parts.

After being introduced, the processed material first passes through light barriers 50° 51 along the inclined guide path due to its gravity, and these barriers confirm the complete presence of the processed material to be evaluated. be done. Immediately thereafter, the workpiece passes through an upright illumination plane formed by a plurality of halogen lamps 53 and a color-dividing mirror 54 . A portion of the light beam that has passed through the object to be treated is reflected and enters one row of photodiodes 55 without being filtered, and the other portion is subjected to ultraviolet ray filtering and transmitted to another row of similar photodiodes 55. 56. The combined signals of the photodiodes 55 and 56 are conducted via an amplifier 57 to a single color discrimination electronic circuit 58.
The color identification electronic circuit 58 is.

It takes advantage of the fact that white, green and brown bottles (objects to be treated) have different values of transmittance to ultraviolet light. Since brown glass does not transmit ultraviolet rays, it is possible to identify whether brown glass or an opaque object, such as a tin can, has been introduced by checking the transmittance of white light. .

The automatic calibration device 59 ensures that before each color identification the signal for the entire illumination of the photodiode array is stored in the color identification electronics 58. This minimizes the effects of fouling, ambient temperature and aging.

"White", "green", "brown", depending on the evaluation of the signal amplitudes of the columns of photodiodes 55, 56 and their logical combination.
and [opaque] (i.e. foreign matter) respective digital signals are formed. The signal governing the useful length of the workpiece in time is recognized via a digital integrator 60, and the appropriate combination of magnetic switches 13-15 for mechanical color separation is activated by the deflection flaps 7.8. Encoded to be energized for. Process controller 62 ensures proper temporal cooperation of the individual circuit parts (represented by blocks).

The waste hollow glass collecting device 101 shown in FIG. 6 is designed as a dumping container 102 . The collection container 101 is
The front surface 103 is provided with an input port behind the protruding input tube 104, and the input tube 104 is closed by a shutter or a rubber membrane with a slit. Below the input port,
A singulation device, designated as a whole by 105, is provided.

This individualization device cooperates with a color separation device, not shown.

The color separation device consists of a light source and a pickup, and the pickup is a hollow glass with three colors, viz.

Separates the light according to white, brown and green colors, thereby generating electrical signals. This electrical signal energizes a pivoting flap to eject a color-coded hollow glass.

In the illustrated example, the dumping container 102 has three chambers 107.
It is divided into 108 and 109 sections. The chambers 107-109 are combined into one structural unit. In the illustrated example, this structural unit has a square contour. A chamber partition wall 110 is arranged on one diagonal.

The chamber partition wall 110 forms approximately half of the container 102 as a chamber 107 made of white glass. On the other diagonal, two parallel interior walls 113, 114 extend up to the interior partition wall 110. The inner walls 113, 114 are used to partition a longitudinal chamber 115, which is connected to the container 102.
, forming chambers 108 and 109 (receiving brown glass and green glass, respectively).

A longitudinal chamber 115 is used to receive non-glass 116 (workpiece other than glass).

Continuously operating conveyor 116 is arranged to coincide with a diagonal line parallel to inner walls 113,114.

Conveyor 116 is therefore located above longitudinal centerline 117 of longitudinal chamber 115.

In the example of FIG. 6, the continuously operating conveyor 116 is a belt conveyor 118, the drive rolls 119 of which are located directly behind the front face 103 and the reversing rolls 120 are located a distance from the rear wall 121 of the container 102. It ends with . Objects to be processed other than glass are placed on the rear wall 12.
1 and the reversing roll 120 through the opening 122 between the chamber 1 and the reversing roll 120.
Released on the 15th.

Continuously operating conveyor 116 is essentially horizontally arranged.

According to the example of FIG. 7, a continuously operating conveyor 116 is used to deliver glass workpieces to each chamber.

A side outlet is provided. For this purpose,
A pivoting flap is used which is biased by a color sorting device (not shown). This pivot flap is shown as the top view in the embodiment of FIG.

In the outwardly rotated position, in the vicinity of the belt conveyor 118, it is represented by the numerals 123-126. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the pivot flaps 123-126 are shown in their plane and are convexly curved in the transport direction indicated by arrow 127. Rotating flap 12
3 to 126, as soon as they arrive at the release position,
The pivot flaps 126 pivot about their respective vertical axes, as indicated by 128. The release position of the pivot flap 124 is indicated by a dash-dotted line.

As shown in FIG. 7, a destructive tool 124 is arranged below each of the rotating flaps 123-126. The destructive tool 129 has an upwardly oriented blade, and this blade has a
It is used to break a hollow glass body deflected by one of the pivoting flaps 123-126.

Behind the input tube 104, below the input opening, there is a hollow glass delivery member, designated generally by the reference numeral 130 in FIG. The transfer element 130 is a receiving funnel formed by two longitudinal walls 131, 132, which in FIG. 13 are designed as pendulums.

In FIG. 8, one pendulum 132 is illustrated.

The pendulum 132 is seated on a hinge 133 and has a weight 13
4 and is preloaded in the closing direction by this weight. Arm 135 limits the swinging movement by hitting stoppers 136 and 137. The inner end 138 of the pendulum 132 closes a slit, the centerline 139 of which coincides with the longitudinal center plane 140 of the hollow glass bottle 141. The longitudinal slit 139 is bounded by another pendulum 131.

The front wall of the funnel is designated by the reference numeral 140a in FIG. 6 and is located above the previously described funnel wall. This front wall is used as a collision wall when the hollow glass is introduced via the input tube 1.4.

The hollow glass bottle 141 thereby swings 131°132
At the top, it occupies the position shown in FIG.

The hollow vial 141 then pushes the pendulum 131, 132 with its full weight, so that the pendulum 131, 132 thereby pivots outward until the arm 135 reaches the stop 137. Hollow glass bottle 141 then falls onto belt conveyor 118.

The pendulum automatically stops when the vial 141 leaves the funnel.

This pendulum movement can also be used to supply current for the individualization device 105 and color separation.

In that case, the belt conveyor 108 runs only when a hollow glass is introduced, so that the available energy is gradually used up.

In FIG. 11, the construction of a continuously operating conveyor is illustrated. In this figure, the belt conveyor is.

It consists of a pair of parallel belts 141a and 142a. Since the reversing roll rotates under tension as indicated by numerals 143 and 144, the belt 141 a e
142a runs completely parallel through one reversal roll and a drive roll.

The upper running zone of the belts 141a, 142a is supported on guides. According to the illustrated example, this guide:
Tubes 146, 14 attached to belts 141a, 141b
Both tubes 146, 147 of 7 are mounted parallel to each other. Belts 141a, 142a typically run in a common plane due to their inherent stiffness. However, as soon as the inner ends 148, 149 of the belts 141a, 142a are loaded by the hollow glass, they are pushed downwards, so that a trough is revealed, as indicated by 150.

Therefore, the hollow glass bottle 141 is transferred to the belt conveyor 118.
Centered with respect to the longitudinal centerline 151 of. This centering allows the light source to be placed in the color category directly behind the receiving funnel (pendulum 131, 132).

The width of the belts 141a, 142a is insufficient to completely close the trough 150, so that a slit is formed that extends on the longitudinal centerline 151 over the length of the tube.

Since the light from the light source passes through the hollow glass bottle through this opening, the light source can be placed below the belt conveyor 118 in a space-saving manner. Trough 150 is
On the outside of the tube it is formed by a one-piece belt guide of the upper running band 106.

'In the example of FIG.
into each one of the funnels 152-155. These funnels 152-155 are.

It is integrally formed. Each of the funnels 152 to 155 has a bottom that is oriented diagonally upward, and this bottom is made up of a pair of sloped walls 156 and 157, at least one of which, i.e., sloped wall 157, is rotated by a weight 158. It can be pivoted downward toward arm 159. In that case, one longitudinal slit is exposed, through which one hollow glass body 155a falls downwards.

This slit includes a certain obtuse angle to the conveying direction.

Therefore, a residual kinetic energy is formed, which ensures that the hollow glass body 155a reaches the funnel, but is aligned in the funnel, i.e. cannot fly out of the funnel; It is placed horizontally so that it is placed almost horizontally. The hollow glass bodies 155a aligned in this manner are positioned such that their bottoms are at a certain exact distance from the blade portion 129a, so that when the flaps 157 are opened, they are disturbed by the flaps.

On the contrary, according to the embodiment of FIG. 10, a stop flap 156a oriented perpendicular to the plane of the continuously operating conveyor and its plane is used to temporarily retain the hollow glass body 155a. This hollow glass body 155a is then moved to the hollow glass body 1 by a double rotation flap 157c.
55a is deflected toward one of its two sides at right angles to the belt. In this way, two adjacent chambers or chamber spaces of the dumping container are each filled.

FIG. 12 shows both pivoting flaps 157a, 157b forming a dual flap. Rotating flap 15
7a, 157b, one slope 158a, 15, respectively.
9a are arranged, these slopes further transport the deflected hollow glass body 155a as a rolling surface, whereby the hollow glass body 155a is deflected towards the breaking tool 129 and broken there.

The container shown in FIG. 13 shows, behind the front wall 103, a portion of the battery 160 and both walls 131, 132, which can be deflected against the action of the weights 134, 134a. can. The direction of fall of the hollow glass bottle 141 is indicated by a dashed line, and the hollow glass bottle 141 correspondingly falls onto the blade of the breaking tool 129 at a predetermined distance from its neck or bottom. The destructive tool 152 and the aforementioned funnels 152, 153 have short length notches 163°16.
4, the filling of each chamber is improved.

The upright walls 165-167 of the dumping container are designated 1 in FIG.
A discharge funnel is provided, indicated by 63a, 164a. Each chamber has a bottom flap 165a, 165b whose outer ends 168a, 169a are attached to hinges which are preloaded in the closing direction.

Inner edges 170° 17 of bottom flaps 165a, 166a
1 is locked in the closed position by bolts 172, 173.

FIG. 13 shows a vertical discharge passage 173a, which is provided with a guide funnel with inclined walls 174, 175 at its upper end. In the center of the vertical passageway 173a is a fixed post 176, the upper end 177 of which can be inserted into the rectangular tube 178 of the container. The upper end 177, also formed as a rectangular tube, deflects the bolts 172, 173 outwards, and the bottom flaps 165a, 166a are simultaneously deflected outwards against their spring force.

The bottom flaps 165a, 166a are illustrated in FIG. 17 and have an isosceles triangular profile in the glass chamber. For the bottom flap 166a, the funnel wall
Reference numerals 163a, 170. It is represented by L80. Bottom flaps 165a, 181, 182 are seated below the same discharge funnel.

Relatively long flap ends 183 are disposed outwardly and inwardly of the hinge described above with respect to FIG. This hinge is indicated by dashed line 184 for flap 182. The detailed structure is shown in FIG. That is, the hinge shaft 185 is mounted in a bearing block 186 and fixed by a spring ring 187. A coil spring 188 presses against the bottom flap 182. The spring force of the cornet spring 188 is
82 is normally kept closed. A bearing block 189 is seated on the bottom flap and is attached to the shaft 185.
Rotates around the center.

In FIG. 14, a cam 191 is fixed to a lower surface 190, and the cam 191 rotates together with the valve 182. The cam 191 includes an outwardly projecting arm 192 with a rounded head 193.

When the cam 193 collapses onto a carrier 196 disposed below the inclined walls 174 and 175, the cam 191 immediately rotates to the stopper 195 via the arcuate member 194. Movement of cam 191 through arcuate member 194 is forced by the weight of the dumping container.

Support at the top of the contour of the pivoting flap.

Illustrated in FIG. The bolt 172 shown in FIG.
It can rotate about a fixed axis 198.

16.17 shows a transfer device 203 similar to the vertical aisle 173a already described in connection with FIG. The delivery device @ 203 is supported on four supports 204° and 205, unlike the vertical aisle 173a.
The supports 204 and 205 are provided with bottom plates 206 and 207. The delivery device 203 is equipped with a centering funnel 208 in an upper position for inserting the dumping container. On the funnel wall.

Fixed stopper cams 209 to 212 are arranged,
These cams correspond to the stop profile described above in connection with the funnel device of FIG.

The delivery device 203 includes outer walls 213 to 215 that can be made to match the interior walls 110, 111. Room 1
15 is passed only up to the center of the rectangular tube 178, so the walls 216, 217 can be made to match the interior walls 113, 114.

Thus, an interior wall alignable with wall 214 is formed in the dumping container.

Chamber 115 includes a rectangular bottom flap 218.

Bottom flap 218 is pivoted about hinge 219, which is of similar construction to hinge 184.

This can be released by a bolt 220 operable from the post 178.

This structure is illustrated in FIG. In this view, bolt 220 grips the bottom of the bottom plate.

It is seated on the hinge shaft 230. The hinge shaft 230 is passed through a spring coil 231, and the spring arm 232 is
It is fixed to a fixed part of the hinge, and the other part is fixed to an arm 233 of a bolt 220 that grips the bottom of the bottom.

As shown in FIG. 21, a delivery device E203 is mounted on a platform 221 of a planar structure 222 of a truck (only the main parts are shown). This plane has partition walls 223, 224, 225, which are divided into sections 226 of white glass and sections 227, 22 of colored glass.
8 and the internal finish of the section 229 for objects to be processed other than glass.

Since the dumping container 102 has a high shape rigidity, the handle 237 is placed at the corners 235, 236 (FIG. 7), and the cover 238
(FIG. 6), the container 102 can be lifted by a crane device without the need for reinforcement in the container 102.

The container construction described above can also be used for other wastes.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic perspective view of the collection device, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional top view of the collection device, FIG. 3 is a front view of the deflection device, and FIG. 4a shows the deflection device in the open position for white glass. 4b is a top view showing the deflection device in a semi-open state for brown glass, FIG. 4c is a top view showing the deflection device in a semi-open state for green glass,
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the control unit, FIG. 6 is a front view of the dumping container according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the dumping container of FIG. 6 to show the disassembling and dividing action. , FIG. 8 is an action explanatory diagram showing the action of a pendulum-shaped funnel,
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a continuously operating conveyor according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a continuously operating conveyor according to the present invention with a pivot flap according to one embodiment; FIG.
FIG. 10 shows a continuous working conveyor in top view; FIG. 12 shows a front view of a continuous working conveyor according to FIG. 10.11; FIG. Front view similar to figure. 14 is a partial side view showing the deflection device of the bottom valve of the container of FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing the bottom flap of the container in the unlocked state according to FIG. 13; FIG. , a top view and a front view of the delivery device according to the invention, FIG. 17 is a bottom view of the delivery device according to FIG. 16, and FIG. 18 is a detailed view of the portion of the delivery device enclosed by the circle in FIG. FIG. 19 is a partial sectional view and a plan view showing the unlocked state of the flap, FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing the hinge of the flap, and FIG. 211! 1 is a schematic representation of a transfer device according to the invention on the loading surface of a truck; FIG. 6... Deflection device, 7, 8... Deflection flap (Flap 7
, 9... Translucent device, 10... Light receiver, 55. 56... Photodiode (light receiver). Patent applicant: Mabek Müllur Land Abfarbezaiti Gungsgesellschaft M.B.A.B.R. Land Company O.B.G. Patent attorney: Ido Sakai Sakai − Ido Saka I. Fig. 3 Fig, 9 Fig, 14 /203 Fig, 16 Fig, 19 Fiy, 20

Claims (1)

Claims: 1) The untreated waste glass, after being sorted by color, is kept separately and removed, in particular into containers assigned to each one sorting station, A conveyor is used for sorting, and the conveyor member of the conveyor breaks up the unsorted waste glass on the input side and passes in front of a light-transmitting device on the conveyance path, and the light-transmitting device Controls a deflection device arranged at the end, which deflection device is used for separation of the sorting part and its derivation, and consists of two deflection flaps, the deflection flap being a door plate of one door member, The member is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the conveyor, and the light transmitting device (9) includes a white light transmitter and a light receiver (10, 55, 5).
6), a combination color filter is placed in front of the light receiver, and the combination color filter transmits the ultraviolet component to the violet component of white light to the light receiver (10, 56) and sends it out. A portion of the white light emitted is guided without being filtered to a receiver (10, 55), which is followed by an electronic control device for the flaps (7, 8); This electronic control device is characterized in that the flaps (7, 8) are both completely opened, or only one flap is completely opened and the other flap is opened to a predetermined acute angle. Device. 2) Color splitting mirror for splitting the emitted white light (
54). The waste hollow glass collection device according to claim 1, further comprising: 54). 3) The sides of the flaps whose central portions face each other have notches arranged staggered with respect to each other and extend longitudinally from above to below over the height of the flaps, A rod (27) corresponding to the length of each notch is disposed in the notch when the flaps (7, 8) are in the closed state,
Device for collecting waste hollow glass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one end of the rod is fixed to one of the flaps (7, 8). 4) According to one of claims 1 to 3, the flaps (7, 8) are lockable by a magnetic valve (13) and fixable in the acute open position by two further magnetic valves (14, 15). Collection device for waste hollow glass. 5) Device for collecting waste hollow glass according to claim 4, characterized in that the flaps (7, 8) can be deflected against the spring force of the springs (16, 17). 6) To accept individual sorted glass types, 4
containers (22-25) are provided, one container (24) in the dosing device in front of the guide flaps (7, 8) and another container (22) in the dosing device in front of the guide flaps (7, 8).
7, 8), the other two containers (23, 25) are
6. Collection device for waste hollow glass according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged on the left and right sides in the vicinity of the guide flaps (7, 8), respectively. 7) A collection device for waste hollow glass according to claim 6, characterized in that the bottom of the container is formed in the form of a trough, and each one closable opening is provided at the lowest point of the trough. 8) Device for collecting waste hollow glass according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveyor (5) consists of an inclined tube, the stationary rolling part of which is used as the conveying member. 9) The waste hollow glass collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that a voltage source that does not depend on a power transmission line is used to power the transparent member (9) and the deflection device (6). 10) A switch is built into the conveyor (5) at the rear of the individualization device, and the switch operates the light-transmitting device (9) and the deflection device (6) when the objects to be processed are introduced. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11) There is at least one stop for the lifting device, by means of which the entire device can be placed on a carriage which can run on rails, the outer rails extending in the longitudinal direction of the large rectangular container. 11. The waste hollow glass collection device according to claim 1, wherein the waste hollow glass collection device is arranged at the upper end of a wall. 12) the container is divided into four sub-areas by an intermediate wall, one of these sub-areas occupies the entire width of the container and the remaining three are adjacent to the one sub-area; 12. The waste hollow glass collection device according to claim 11, wherein the waste hollow glass collection device is arranged in line in the length direction of the container. 13) Equipped with a singulation device (105) and a color sorting section, in particular a dumping container (102) containing an input port (104) and a plurality of compartments (106-109, 115) prepared for each hollow glass type. In products, the individualization device (10
5) is a rotary valve (123~
It consists of an essentially horizontally arranged continuously operating conveyor (116) with side discharges by means of side discharges (126), with a fixed breaking tool (
A collecting device (101) for waste hollow glass, characterized in that a shaft (129) is disposed thereon, and the shaft (129) is used for breaking discharged hollow glass. 14) Below the input opening (104), a hollow glass delivery member (130) is arranged above a continuous working conveyor (116), which is connected to a receiving funnel (1
31, 132) and a receiving funnel (131, 132)
The longitudinal walls of the pendulum (13
8) is characterized in that the load is applied in the closing direction of the opening of the funnel, and a collision wall (140a) is arranged above the funnel on an extension of the inlet (104). Collection device for waste hollow glass. 15) the continuously operating conveyor (116) is formed as a belt conveyor (118);
The conveying member is a pair of parallel belts (141a, 142
a) formed by belts (141a, 142a)
Device for collecting waste hollow glass according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the longitudinal side of the trough (150) is formed into an upper running zone. 16) Pivoting flaps (123, 126) pivot about a vertical axis (128) in the vicinity of the continuously operating conveyor (116) and are used to deflect the hollow glasses in the funnels (152-155), 152-155) are oriented obliquely upwards and are formed by a pair of inclined walls (156, 157), at least one of which is formed as a plow-loaded pendulum and has one longitudinal 16. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the directional slit is open, and the longitudinal slit includes an obtuse angle with the conveying direction. 17) The waste hollow glass collection device according to claim 13, wherein the rotating flaps (123, 126) are curved convexly in the transport direction. 18) A rotary valve (157) is arranged flatly to match the conveying direction, and a fixed slope (157) is arranged close to the belt conveyor.
58a, 159a) are disposed, and a blocking flap (156a) is disposed perpendicular to the conveyor, and the blocking flap (156a) is used to align the hollow glass (155a) with respect to the pendulum. 18. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to claim 13, characterized in that: 19) A feature in that the funnel (152-155) arranged below the rotating flap (123-126) and the blade part of the destructive tool (129) are installed in a notch in the falling passageway wall or the indoor wall. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to any one of claims 13 to 18. 20) The chambers (106 to 109) form a structural unit with a rectangular or square contour and diagonally arranged chamber walls (110 to 114), and the continuously operating conveyor (11
6) is aligned with one of the diagonals and along this diagonal with parallel interior walls is arranged a longitudinal chamber (115) for receiving non-glass workpieces up to the center of the container. , this workpiece is transferred to a continuously operating conveyor (116).
The chamber (107) of white glass is defined by the outer walls (165, 166) and the inner walls (111, 112), and the inner wall (11
1, 112) extends perpendicularly to the conveying direction over the entire length of the diagonal line.
Collection device for waste hollow glass as described in 1. 21) The mounting part of the power supply part (1
21. Device for collecting waste hollow glass according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the glass chamber (16) is separated from the white glass chamber (107). 22) Room (106, 107, 108, 109, 115)
are the bottom flaps (165a, 166a, 180, 181
, 218), the hinge (182) of the bottom flap is arranged on the outer wall of the structural unit and elastically pretensioned in the closing direction, and the inner flap end (170, 1
71) is a bolt (
22. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that it is supported on 172, 173). 23) A delivery device (203) is provided, which has a centering funnel (208) in the upper position for inserting the structural unit and on the wall for deflecting the valve in the hinge (182). Fixed stopper (20
9 to 212) and a fixed column (17) placed in the center of the funnel to unblock the bolts (172, 173).
6) and partition walls (213-217) that can be aligned with the interior walls (110-114). . 24) Disposal according to one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that handles (237) are arranged and fixed in the opposite container corners (235, 236), embedded in the cover (238). Hollow glass collection device. 25) A delivery device (203) is mounted on a loading surface (222) of a transport silo or truck, and the transport silo or loading surface (221) is provided with partition walls (223-225), ~225) is the indoor wall (110
~114) and the partition wall (213) of the delivery device (203)
25. A collection device for waste hollow glass according to one of claims 13 to 24, characterized in that it can be aligned with respect to 217).