JPH01109063A - Cutting and grinding method through grinding wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve machining efficiency considerably by cutting a setting member for grinding wheel produced by setting glass fibers with thermosetting resin together with a material to be cut by means of a grinding wheel, thereby enabling continuous cutting and grinding work with high speed for a long term without causing clogging. CONSTITUTION:Setting material 1 for grinding wheel produced by setting 45-85wt.% of glass fibers with thermosetting resin is mounted on a table 10, then a ceramic chip (material to be cut) 9 is mounted thereon and secured. Then a grinding wheel 2 rotating in the direction of an arrow 4 is fed in the direction of an arrow 11 so as to cut the ceramic chip 9 together with the setting material 1. Clogging material such as cutting powder is removed immediately by means of glass fiber group 7 in the setting material 1 arranged in cutting direction 11 of the grinding wheel 2, thus setting the grinding wheel 2 continuously. Consequently, high speed sharp cutting is maintained even after long period continuous cutting work.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to metals, such as metals, which have low efficiency or are difficult to cut or grind with a grindstone.
This invention relates to a method for efficiently and easily cutting and grinding quality ceramics, sintered alloys, etc. with a grindstone.

[Prior Art] Diamond grindstones are commonly used for cutting and grinding workpiece materials such as hard ceramic materials. A diamond whetstone has diamond abrasive grains bonded to the blade or grinding surface of the whetstone using resin, metal, or glass.

When this grindstone is used to cut a ceramic material, ceramic chips fill the spaces between the diamond abrasive grains, causing clogging. If the clogging progresses and the ceramic powder becomes clogged to the level of the diamond abrasive grains, the diamond abrasive grains will no longer be able to cut into the ceramic material, making cutting difficult. A clogged whetstone may be sharpened using a sharpening whetstone such as a green carborundum whetstone, but this sharpening method removes the clogged ceramics and also sharpens the diamond abrasive grains. The sharpness after sharpening is poor and the life of the whetstone is shortened.

When clogging occurs between diamond abrasive grains, the generation of frictional heat between the whetstone and the ceramic material increases, and the temperature of the surface of the diamond abrasive grains and the workpiece material rises.
If the temperature becomes too high, the quality of the diamond abrasive grains changes, cutting powder, grinding powder, etc. are baked into the grinding wheel, making the grinding wheel unusable, and also causing thermal distortion in the workpiece material.

Cutting or grinding while cooling with water reduces clogging and generation of frictional heat, but it is not sufficient, and there are many workpiece materials that cannot be cut or ground with water cooling.

This water cooling method is also not a panacea.

Borazon grindstone is a grindstone that uses boron nitride-based abrasive grains.It is widely used for cutting and grinding hard metal materials, ceramic materials, etc., but if clogging occurs, processing may continue in the same way as diamond grindstones. becomes difficult.

As mentioned above, diamond whetstones and borazon whetstones are commonly used for cutting and grinding materials that are difficult to cut and grind, such as hard ceramics. It was difficult to continue cutting and grinding, resulting in low processing efficiency, and the life of the grinding wheel was shortened if it became clogged, making cutting and grinding costly.

Furthermore, for example, silicon nitride ceramics (sialon) and the like were considered to be impossible to dry cut or grind with a grindstone.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention provides a method for cutting or grinding using a grindstone that does not cause clogging of the grindstone even if the cutting or grinding is continued at high speed for a long period of time. The purpose is to provide cutting and grinding methods.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides (1) cutting a grindstone dressing material made of 45 to 85% by weight glass fiber hardened with a thermosetting resin together with the material to be cut using a grindstone; It is a method of cutting the material to be cut using a whetstone, and (2) sharpening is a method of cutting a material to be cut using a whetstone, and (2) a sharpening method in which a sharpening material made of a whetstone made of 45 to 85% by weight glass fiber hardened with a thermosetting resin is ground with a whetstone. during the grinding bath of the material to be ground.

Alternatively, there is a method of grinding a material to be ground using a grindstone, which is characterized in that the material to be ground is ground by the grindstone alternately with the grinding of the material to be ground.

[Function] First, the sharpening material for the grindstone, which is a feature of the present invention, will be explained.

The dressing material used in the present invention is made of glass fiber and thermosetting resin. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the action of the dressing material of the present invention. When the dressing material 1 is pressed against the blade part or the grinding surface of the rotating grindstone 2, the glass fibers 7 of the dressing material 1 remove the clogging material 6 clogging the gaps between the abrasive grains 5. The glass fibers are bound with a thermosetting resin and form a strong brush shape to remove the clogged matter 6 by brushing. However, since the glass fiber is brittle and the thermosetting resin is soft, the glass fiber will break when it hits the abrasive grains and the abrasive grains will not be damaged, and the dressing material 1 will be sequentially ground by the abrasive grains. Therefore, although the dressing material of the present invention is ground with a grindstone, new glass fibers are exposed each time it is ground, resulting in clogging 6.
Continue brushing to remove.

The glass fiber used in the present invention has a diameter of, for example, 3 to 25 mm.
It is made of micro glass fiber. The appropriate thickness of the glass fiber is such that it can fit between the diamond abrasive grains and scrape out ceramic powder, etc.

The blending amount of the glass fiber of the present invention is 45 to 85% by weight. The closest packing is 83.7%, but considering the fact that air bubbles remain in the resin, it is possible to mix up to 85%.

If the amount of glass fiber blended is less than 45%, the efficiency of sharpening is poor due to the small amount of glass fiber, and if it is more than 85%, the blended amount of thermosetting resin becomes too small, making it difficult to bind the glass fibers sufficiently. Become.

The dressing material of the present invention is made by hardening glass fibers with a thermosetting resin. Among them, dressing materials with glass fibers aligned in one direction or in the same direction have enough glass fibers to form a brush shape during dressing.
The effect of sharpening is particularly large.

For example, when sharpening a diamond whetstone for grinding hard ceramics, use a sharpening material in which 75% or more of the glass fibers are aligned within 45" in one direction, or When used in the same direction as shown by arrow 3 in FIG. 1, the clogged ceramic powder could be removed extremely efficiently.

(1) of the present invention is a method of cutting the dressing material together with the material to be cut using a grindstone. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing this example of the cutting method of the present invention. The dressing material l of the present invention is placed on the stand 10.
Place the object to be cut, such as a ceramic piece 9, on top of it.
Lay them on top of each other and fix them. A grindstone 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow 4 and advances in the cutting direction of the arrow 11 to cut the ceramic piece 9 and the dressing material 1 together. As mentioned above, when using a dressing material in which the glass fibers are aligned in one direction, the direction in which the glass fibers are aligned is the cutting direction (
It is preferable to place the dressing material and the material to be cut in a layered manner in the same direction as arrow 11). In this method, clogging materials such as cutting powder generated when cutting the ceramic piece 9 are removed from the cutting material L. It is immediately removed by the glass fiber group of the sharpening material, and the grinding wheel is constantly sharpened, so no clogging occurs. Therefore, even if you cut continuously for a long time, the sharpness is always sharp and high-speed cutting can be continued, and since the grindstone is not clogged, there is less friction, and the temperature of the abrasive grains and the object to be cut is low. Maintained properly.

In the cutting operation, ceramics 9 is often cut in the direction of arrow 11 and then further in the direction of arrow 12. As mentioned above, in order to efficiently sharpen and cut using a dressing material whose fibers are aligned in one direction, when cutting in the direction of arrow 12, rotate the dressing material 90'', However, if a dressing material in which about half of the glass fibers are aligned in the direction of arrow 11 and the remaining half of the glass fibers are aligned in the direction of arrow 12 is used, then the direction of the dressing material 1 is changed. The grindstone is always sharpened efficiently in both the cases of arrow 11 and arrow 12 without rotating, and therefore it is convenient that the material 9 to be cut and the sharpening material 1 can always be handled as an integral part.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which a cylindrical object 9 is being cut with a grindstone 2 having diamond abrasive grains bonded to the end 21 of a metal strip. The object to be cut 9 and the dressing material 1 placed on the table 10 are cut together in the cutting direction of the arrow 11 by running the grindstone 2 in the direction of the arrow 4.

Note that FIG. 3(A) shows an example in which the material to be cut is surrounded by a dressing material and cut, and FIG. 3(B) shows an example in which the material to be cut is cut with the dressing material placed at one end.

At this time as well, since the clogging of the grinding wheel 2 was removed when cutting the dressing material 1, the grinding wheel 2 always cuts the workpiece 9 without clogging, and the grinding wheel 2 is kept at high speed for a long period of time. Cutting can be continued and the temperature of the object to be cut and the abrasive grains can be maintained at an appropriate level.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the grinding method of the present invention (2).

In 2 out of 0 cases in which the material to be ground, such as a ceramic piece 9, and the dressing material 1 are fixed side by side on a mounting table 10, a grindstone for grinding ceramics rotates in the direction of arrow 4 and advances in the direction of arrow 11. Grinding of the ceramic piece 9 ends when the grindstone 2 reaches the position 13, but when the grindstone is further rotated and the surface of the dressing material 1 is continued to be ground and moved to the position 14, the ceramic piece 9 The clogging that occurs during grinding will cause the dressing to be sharpened when the dressing material 1 is ground. Grinding of ceramics is performed by moving a whetstone back and forth over the ceramic surface many times, but when carried out using the method shown in Figure 4, dressing grinding and grinding of the ceramic piece are performed alternately.

Ceramic pieces are always ground with a unclogged grindstone6
Therefore, high-speed grinding can be performed continuously for a long period of time, and the temperature of the grinding object and abrasive grains can be maintained at an appropriate level. The above is an example in which sharpening and grinding of the material to be ground are performed alternately, but the grinding pass is performed several times by moving the whetstone to position 13 and grinding, and during this grinding pass, the grinding wheel is moved to position 14 and sharpened. If grinding is repeated using a grinding schedule that combines one pass, the dressing will be performed between the grinding passes of the material to be ground, but if the grinding wheel does not become severely clogged, the same effect as described above will occur. 6. Furthermore, the method of hardening the glass fiber of the dressing material used in the present invention with a thermosetting resin is, for example, by placing appropriately cut glass fibers on a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin attached to a film. The fibers are dispersed in various directions, a thermosetting resin is applied thereon, impregnated under pressure, and then heated and cured under pressure. For example, if unidirectional prepregs are layered with their orientation aligned and then cured under pressure in an autoclave, the glass fibers will be oriented in one direction and hardened by the thermosetting resin. Glass fiber cloth woven with the warp and weft at right angles and impregnated with thermosetting resin are layered and hardened by heating to create a dressing material with glass fibers oriented in two directions. can get.

It can also be obtained by stacking multiple layers of prepreg obtained by impregnating the above-mentioned glass fiber cloth with a thermosetting resin and press-molding this between heating plates.

In addition, so-called UD prepreg (υni Direct-on
Al Prepreg) are stacked in multiple layers with the fiber directions aligned, and then as the next layer, multiple layers are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction, or the fiber direction of each layer is perpendicular to the previous layer. It is also possible to laminate a large number of UD prepregs as shown in Figure 2. Another method to obtain a dressing material with fibers aligned in the same direction is to wrap glass fibers impregnated with thermosetting resin around the circumference of a cylinder. Cut the cylinder in the axial direction to form a plate, and obtain a molded plate for dressing material by heating and curing it in an autoclave or by laminating multiple layers as is or as required, or by press-forming using a heating mold. be able to. Also.

If the cut-out plate-like layers are stacked so that the fiber directions are perpendicular to each other, a molded plate for dressing material having fiber directions in two directions can be obtained.

[Examples] Example (1) A curing accelerator (mixture of 1100 parts by weight of AER331 [trade name: Asahi Kasei Industries, Ltd.] and 880 parts by weight of HN2200 [trade name: Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.])) 2H4MZ-CN [Product name: Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.])
A constant thickness was deposited on the film using a MC (sheet molding compound) device. On top of this resin, glass fibers with a diameter of 13 μm cut into lengths of approximately 1 inch were uniformly distributed and adhered in various orientations so that the weight ratio was 60%. The above-mentioned resin, which has been adhered to a certain thickness on another film using the above-mentioned device, is placed on top of the film, and the epoxy resin and glass fiber are held between the two films, and this is pressed with a roller to form the glass fiber. Impregnated with epoxy resin. This was left at 35°C for several days to become a B stage (semi-cured state suitable for pressure and heat curing), and
Charge a positive mold heated to
A dressing material containing %.

Example (2) Epoxy resin (mixture of AER331 [trade name, Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.] 1100 weight and 11N2200 [trade name, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.] 880 weight)
Glass fiber 1062 (20007E from PP0 (USA)) was added to a thermosetting resin prepared by adding 1 part by weight of a curing accelerator (2E4MZ-CN [trade name, Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.]).
Arrange 24 pieces impregnated with Stacked with the fiber direction aligned. This was left at 35℃ for several days to B stage, charged into a positive mold (60cm square) heated to 120℃ and heated and pressurized for 1 hour to harden the resin and align the glass fibers in one direction. A dressing material containing 75% by weight was obtained.

Example (3) Sialon (thickness 1
A plate of 4 mm in length and 120 mm in length was cut using a diamond rotating grindstone. Cutting efficiency and wear of the grindstone when the cutting direction by the grindstone (direction of movement of the stand) is kept constant, and the way the glass fibers of the dressing material are aligned and the relationship between the direction in which the fibers of the dressing material are aligned and the cutting direction are changed. We investigated the amount.

The cutting conditions and investigation results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 5, respectively. As comparative materials, a conventional dressing material (green carborundum) and a case in which no dressing material was used were also investigated.

In addition, the cutting method involves fixing a sialon plate 15 and the dressing material l of the present invention in series in the cutting direction on a cutting bed 10, as shown in FIG.

Cutting was performed while moving the mounting table from side to side in the cutting direction.

That is, by moving the table in the direction B, the grindstone cuts the sialon 15 to a certain depth, and the sialon 15 is subsequently dressed.First, by moving the table in the direction A, the sialon is again cut after dressing. This operation was repeated to cut.

As can be seen from Figure 5, if the grindstone is not dressed (sharpened), it will become clogged and difficult to cut, and even if it is dressed with a conventional dressing material (green carborundum grindstone), the amount of wear on the grindstone will be Moreover, the cutting speed was not improved as much as the dressing material of the present invention.

On the other hand, when the dressing material of the present invention is used, the cutting speed is improved and the amount of wear on the grindstone is reduced.

It can also be seen that the sharpening effect is significant when the direction of the glass fibers is perpendicular to the sharpening surface of the grindstone.

Example (4) The mounting stand 10 was prepared in the same manner as shown in FIG.
On top is a pure iron plate 16 and the dressing material 1ti of the present invention obtained by the method of Example (2). They were fixed side by side, and a pure iron plate was cut while sharpening the grindstone using the rotating cutting grindstone 2, and the amount of decrease in the outer diameter of the grindstone after cutting was investigated. As a comparative example, a case in which no dressing material was used was also investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. The cutting conditions are also shown in Table 3.

When the dressing material of the present invention is used, the amount of wear on the grindstone is approximately 30% less than when no dressing material is used.
The dressing effect of the dressing material of the present invention is obvious.

Example (5) Since the dressing material of the present invention is easy to process, the dressing material 1 was processed into the shape of a cutting base 19 as shown in FIG. 7(A), and a silicon single crystal ingot 17 was fixed to this. Then, it was cut into wafers using the inner circumferential cutter 18 of a diamond blade. The inner peripheral blade was sharpened each time a wafer was cut, allowing for smooth and efficient cutting. The cutting base is made from a dressing material that aligns the fibers in one direction, so that when the cutting base is set, the orientation of the glass fibers is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the inner blade. processed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7(B), by interposing the dressing material of the present invention between the ingot and the ordinary cutting base 20, the blade is sharpened by the dressing material every time cutting is completed, and smooth cutting can be achieved. It was possible.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, cutting and grinding can be performed without clogging the grindstone.

With the method of the present invention, the grindstone is always free from clogging.

Cutting and grinding can be continued at high speed for long periods of time, greatly improving cutting and grinding efficiency.

Furthermore, even if the cutting or grinding is performed by an automatic machine, the finish of the cutting or grinding will always remain the same.

Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, the temperature of the abrasive grains and the material to be cut or ground is maintained appropriately, the life of the grindstone is extended, and the material to be cut or ground is not subjected to thermal distortion.

Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, it is possible to omit the work of interrupting the grinding work and sharpening the grindstone.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows the action of the dressing material of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an example of the cutting method of the invention, and Fig. 3 shows an example of cutting a cylindrical workpiece by the method of the invention. Figure 4 shows an example of the grinding method of the present invention. Figure 5 shows the cutting conditions and investigation results of Example 3. Figure 6 shows the cutting situation of Example 3. Figure 7 shows the cutting conditions of Example 3. It is a figure which shows the example of the usage method of Example (5) of the dressing material of this invention. Figure 1 Figure 2/11 1υ 1 4 Figure 3 1υ '44 Figure 5 Grindstone Figure 6 (B) - Figure (A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A cutting method using a grindstone, which is characterized in that a grindstone dressing material made of 45 to 85% by weight of glass fiber hardened with a thermosetting resin is cut together with the material to be cut using the grindstone. (2) Sharpening is performed to sharpen the whetstone using a sharpening material made of 45 to 85% glass fiber hardened by thermosetting resin by weight between the grinding passes of the material to be ground, or A grinding method using a whetstone, characterized in that the material to be ground is ground with the whetstone, alternating with grinding.