JPH01100594A - Input controller for electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To generate only a musical sound intended by a player by detecting a sudden attenuation generated immediately after the rise of an input waveform signal based upon a peak value and temporarily inhibiting the start of generation of a musical sound. CONSTITUTION: The peak value of an input waveform signal is detected in order to detect sudden attenuation generated immediately after the rise of an input waveform signal, and when sudden attenuation is detected, the generation of a musical sound having a corresponding pitch is temporarily inhibited even in a state capable of finding out the pitch of the input waveform signal so as not to generate a sound related to muting operation. When muting is instructed, the instruction can surely be detected based upon the peak value, the generation of a sound can be surely and easily prevented and a performance effect intended by a player can be expected.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an input control device for an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic guitar, and particularly to perform appropriate mute processing in response to a mute operation by a performer. This invention relates to an input control device for an electronic musical instrument.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, the pitch (fundamental frequency) was extracted from the waveform signal generated by the performance operation of a natural musical instrument, and the sound source device composed of an electronic circuit was separated to obtain artificial sounds such as musical tones. Things are being developed at a rapid pace.

One of these types of electronic musical instruments is a type of electronic musical instrument called an electronic guitar or a guitar synthesizer.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Mute operations may be performed on such electronic musical instruments. Specifically, after performing a cutting technique on a guitar, for example, if the player does not want the sound to be produced, he or she mutes the sound by lightly touching the string with a finger to stop the vibration.

At this time, the muted string momentarily vibrates at the pitch of the touched finger, but the damping is rapid, making it difficult for the ear to hear the actual sound being generated (referred to as live sound).

However, in the case of an electronic guitar, musical sounds are generated with the pitch of the live sound, and the envelope is generally different from the envelope of the vibration of the strings, so the sound of the muted strings is different from the envelope of the string vibrations. This often occurs and is quite annoying.

In order to prevent this kind of sound from occurring, conventionally,
Musical sounds are sometimes generated after a period of time has elapsed since the start of the waveform, and the string vibration during muting is completed. There are problems in that the response from the time the sound is artificially generated until it is output is poor and there are inconveniences in performance.

[Purpose of the invention]

Therefore, the present invention provides an electronic medicine can that extracts the pitch of a muted sound and temporarily prohibits the generation of a musical sound of the corresponding frequency, thereby allowing only the musical sound intended by the performer to be generated. The purpose of this invention is to provide an input control device.

[Key points of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention detects the peak value of an input waveform signal and detects a sudden attenuation immediately after the input waveform signal rises, and when the sudden attenuation is detected. The main point of this method is to temporarily prohibit the generation of musical tones with the corresponding pitch even if the pitch of the input waveform signal is required, so that the sound associated with the mute operation is not generated. shall be.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, the case where the present invention is applied to an electronic guitar will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to other types of electronic instruments. can be similarly applied.

Figure 1 shows the entire circuit! The pitch extraction analog circuit PA is connected to six strings strung on an electronic guitar (not shown), for example, and converts the vibrations of the strings into electrical signals. , the zero cross signal and waveform signal z from the output from this pickup
t, ws (t=i to 6) and converts these signals into a time-division serial zero-cross signal ZCR and a digital output (time-division waveform signal) DJ, such as an analog-to-digital converter φ to be described later. It is equipped with

As shown in Fig. 2, the pitch extraction digital circuit PD consists of a peak detection circuit PEDT, a time constant conversion control circuit TCC1, a peak value acquisition circuit pVS, a zero cross time preparation circuit ZT8, and a serial zero cross output from the pitch extraction analog circuit FA. Detect the maximum peak point or minimum peak point based on the signal ZCR and digital output DJ,
While generating MINI (I = 1 to 6),
Interruption occurs when passing a zero crossing point, strictly speaking, passing a zero crossing point immediately after the maximum peak point or minimum peak point.
Outputs the signal INT to the microcomputer MOP, and also outputs the time information of the zero crossing point and peak value information such as MAX, MIN.
and the instantaneous values of the input waveform signals are respectively output to the microcomputer MCP. Note that the peak detection circuit PEDT is provided with a circuit that holds the past peak value while subtracting it.

The time constant conversion control circuit T changes the attenuation rate of the peak hold circuit of the peak detection circuit PEDT.
With CC, if the peak of the waveform cannot be detected even after one period of time has elapsed, the waveform is made to attenuate rapidly.

Specifically, in the initial state, in order to quickly detect the vibration of the waveform, it rapidly attenuates as the highest pitch period elapses, and when string vibration is detected, the string is opened in order to not pick up the double 6th note. Similarly, rapid damping is performed as the string period elapses, and after the vibration period of the string is extracted, rapid damping is performed at that period.

The setting of the cycle information for the time constant conversion control circuit TCC is performed by the microcomputer MCP. Then, a counter independent of each string in the time constant conversion control circuit TCC is compared with the set cycle information, and a time constant change signal is sent to the peak detection circuit PEDT when the cycle time has elapsed.

In addition, the peak value acquisition circuit pvs in FIG. 2 demultiplexes the waveform signal (digital output) DI sent out in a time-division manner (as described above) to the peak value of each string, and outputs the signal from the peak detection circuit PEDT. peak signal MAX
, and hold the peak value according to KIN. The microcomputer MCP then outputs the maximum peak value or minimum peak value of the string accessed via the address decoder DCD to the microcomputer path. Moreover, the instantaneous value of vibration for each string can also be output from this peak value acquisition circuit pvs.

The zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS latches the time pace counter output common to each string at the zero-crossing point of each string (strictly speaking, the zero-crossing point immediately after passing the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point).

Then, in response to a request from the microcomputer MCP, the latched time information is sent to the microcomputer path.

Further, the timing generator TG shown in the figure outputs a timing signal for the processing operation of each circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The microcomputer MCP has memory such as ROM and RAM.
It also has a timer T, and a sound source generator S.
It controls the signals given to the OB. The sound source generator 80B includes a sound source SS and a digital-to-analog converter D/
A, fake amplifier, speaker SP, note-on (sounding), note-off (silencing) from the microcomputer MCP
, which emits a musical tone with a pitch corresponding to a pitch instruction signal that changes frequency. Note that an interface (Mus1eal engineering nmtrum*nt Digital
l Interfaes) MIDI is provided.

Of course, when the sound source SS is provided in the guitar body, it may be provided through another interface. Address decoder DCD
C. When the address read signal AR from the microcomputer MCP is input, the string number read signal RDI, the time read signal RDj (j = 1 to 6), α, the peak value of MIN, and the instantaneous value at that point. Read signal RDAI
(I=1 to 18) is output to the pitch extraction digital circuit PD.

The operation of the microcomputer MCP will be described below with reference to flowcharts and drawings showing waveforms, but first, reference numerals in the drawings will be explained.

AD...Instantaneous value read signal RDA I J~ in Figure 1
Input wave height value (instantaneous value) obtained by directly reading the input waveform of the pitch extraction digital circuit PD using 18 AMP (0, 1)...Positive or negative previous (old) wave height value AMRL1...Stored in the amplitude register This is the previous amplitude value for checking the relative (r@laH ma.)off (off) being applied. Here, the above-mentioned relative off is to mute the sound based on the rapid attenuation of the peak value, and corresponds to the muting process when the fret operation is stopped and the string is moved to an open string.

AMRL 2: The previous amplitude value for the relative off stored in the amplitude register, which includes A
The value of MRL J is input.

CHTIM...Period corresponding to the highest fret (22nd fret) CRTIO...Period corresponding to the 7th open string CHTRR...Time constant conversion register, the above-mentioned time constant conversion control circuit TCC ( (Fig. 2).

DUB... Flag indicating that waveforms have come in the same direction FOFR... Relative off counter HNC... Waveform number counter MT... 7 lags on the side from which pitch extraction is to be performed (positive = 1, negative =0) NCHLV...No change level (constant fi) OFT
IM...For off-tie (e.g. corresponds to the open string period of the relevant string) OFPT...Normal off-check start flag ONF...
・Note-on flag Rff...Flag for switching the processing route in step 4 (described later) ROFCT...Constant 5TEP that determines the number of times the relative off is checked...Specifies the flow operation of the microcomputer MCP Registers (1 to 5) TF: Last valid zero-crossing time data T
FN (0, 1)...Previous zero cross time data immediately after the positive or negative peak value TFR...Time storage register THLIM...Frequency upper limit (constant) TLLIM...Frequency lower limit (constant) TP (0 ,1)...Positive or negative previous cycle data T
RLAB (0, 1)...Positive or negative absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLRL...Relative-on (re-sounding start) threshold TRLR8...Resonance removal threshold TTLIM...・Tori is the temporary frequency lower limit TTP...
Previously extracted cycle data TTR...Period register TTU...Constant (product of 17/32 and current cycle information 11) TTW...Constant (31/16 and current cycle information 1)
(product of 1) VEL: Information that determines velocity (velocity), determined by the maximum peak value of the waveform at the start of sound generation.

FX...Flag b indicating abnormality or normal status...Current positive/negative flag stored in working register B (
l at the zero point next to the positive peak.

O when the next zero point of the negative peak) C...Current wave height value (peak value) stored in working register C e...Previous wave height value (peak value) stored in working register E h...Previous and previously extracted cycle data stored in working register H t...Current zero-crossing time 11 stored in working register TO...One time period data stored in working register TOTO Period information Figure 3 is an interrupt routine showing the processing when an interrupt is sent to the microcomputer MCP.
In , the microcomputer MCP supplies a string number read signal RDZ to the zero-crossing time capture circuit ZTS via the address decoder DCD to read the string number specifying the string to which the interconnected string is applied.

Then, the time information corresponding to the string number or the zero-crossing time information is read into the zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS by giving one of the corresponding time reading signals RDI to RD6. Let this be t. After that, at I2, the peak value reading signal RD is similarly sent to the peak value capturing circuit pvs.
Give AI (1=any one of 1-12) and read the peak value.

Let this be C.

In the subsequent step I3, the zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS obtains information indicating whether the peak value is a positive or negative peak. Then, at I4, the values of t, e, and b thus obtained are set in the registers TO, C, and H of the buffer in the microcomputer MCP. Each time an interrupt process is performed, such time information, peak value information, and information indicating the type of peak are written as a set into this buffer, and in the main routine, the information added for each string is written. processing is performed.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the main routine. By turning on the arm, various registers and flags are initialized in Ml, and register 5TE is initialized.
P is set to 0. In I2, it is determined whether the above-mentioned no buffer is empty, and in case of no (hereinafter referred to as N), I3
Then, the contents of the buffer registers B, C, and TO are read. This causes register 5TEP in I4 to
are determined several times, 5TEP O in I5, S'rEPl in M 6, 5TEP 2 in I7, M #
In Te, 5TEP 3 and in M9, 5TEP 4 are sequentially processed.

If the buffer is empty in I2, that is, if the answer is YES (hereinafter referred to as Y), the process proceeds sequentially from MID to M16, where normal note-off algorithm processing is performed. This note-off Alco 9 rhythm is OFF
This is an algorithm that notes off if the condition remains below the level for a predetermined off time period. 5TEP with MIO
= O or not is determined, and in the case of No (hereinafter referred to as N), the process proceeds to MIX. In Mll, the input peak value AD at that point in time is directly read. This is the peak value read signal RDA13 to RDA to the peak value capture circuit PvS.
This can be achieved by giving either I or II. Then, it is determined whether this value AD satisfies the input peak value AD≦off level, and if Y, the process proceeds to MIX.

In MIX, it is determined whether the previous input wave height value AD is at the off level, and if it is Y, the process proceeds to M2S, where it is determined whether the value of timer T ≥ off time OFTIM (for example, the constant of the open string period of the string). It will be decided whether If Y, proceed to M14, 0 is written to register 5TEP, Mll determines whether note-on or not, and if Y, note-off processing is performed in M16, and return to M on the input side of M2. . If MIX is N, proceed to M17, and microcontroller M
Start the CP internal timer T and return to the input side M of M2.

In this case in MIO, and in the case in which MIX, M2S, and Mll are N, all return to M on the input side of MIX.

In this way, when the level of the waveform input is attenuated, the input peak value AD below the off level becomes the off time OFTIM.
When the time corresponding to continues, the microcomputer MCP sends a note-off instruction to the sound source SS.

Note that in step M15, a determination of Y is made in the normal state, but as a result of the processing described later, the register 5TEP takes a value other than 0 even when generation of a musical tone is not instructed. (For example, due to noise input.) In such a case, M14. Initial settings are made by returning to M2 after processing Mll.

Although FIG. 4 only shows the processing for one string, the microcomputer MCP multiplexes and executes the processing shown in this figure six times, which corresponds to the number of strings. Of course, a plurality of processors may be provided to independently execute equivalent processing.

Next, details of each routine that branches at M4 and performs corresponding processing will be explained.

FIG. 5 shows step 0 (STE) shown as M5 in FIG.
801 absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLAB (b)
<It is judged whether the current wave height value is C, and if it is Y, it is 8
The process advances to step 02 and resonance removal is checked. Note that this trigger level is checked for each of the positive and negative polarity peaks. This TRLAB
(0) and TRLAB (1) are determined to be appropriate values through experiments and the like. In an ideal system, TRL
AB (0) and TRLAB (1) may be the same. S
In step 02, it is determined whether the resonance removal threshold value TRLR8 ([current peak value C-previous peak value AMP (b))] is reached, that is, whether the difference between the current peak value and the previous peak value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

When picking one string causes other strings to resonate, the vibration level of those other strings gradually increases, and as a result, the change in peak value between the previous time and this time is small. Therefore, the difference is the resonance removal threshold T
It will never exceed RLR8. However, in normal picking, the waveform rises (or falls) suddenly.
In particular, the difference between the peaks is the resonance removal threshold TRL.
Exceed R8.

Now, in this step 802, if it is determined that the case of Y is not a case of thumb resonance, the following processing is performed in the SOS. That is, the current positive/negative flag b is written to the flag MT, 1 is written to the register 5TEP, and the current zero-crossing time t is the previous zero-crossing time data TF'.
N (b). Then, in 804, other flags are initialized, and the process proceeds to SOS. S
In the OS, the current peak value C is the previous peak value AMP (b)
, and then returns to the main flow shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, the entry A is for latipeon (start of re-sounding), and it jumps from 70- of 5TEP 4 to 806, which will be described later. Then, in step 806, the musical tones that have been output so far are once erased, and the process proceeds to SOS in order to start sounding again. The process for starting the sound again is the same as that for starting the normal sound, and will be explained in detail below.

And again, in the case of N in 801 and in the case of N in 802 (
If current peak value C-previous peak value AMP (b) is not equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the process proceeds to SOS. Therefore, the process for starting sound generation will not proceed.

The 5TEP O mentioned above (5TEP Q-+ in Figure 11
1), the contents of the B register (b=
1) is written, the contents (1) of the register To are written to the previous zero cross time data TFN (1), and the peak value (c) of the register C is written to the previous peak value AMP (1).

FIG. 6 shows the details of the flowchart of 5TEP1 shown as M6 in FIG. Proceed to EJ12.

812, absolute trigger level (note-on threshold)
TRLAB (b) (It is determined whether the current peak value is C, and if it is Y, the process goes to 813. If it is Y at SJ, ?, 2 is set in register 5TEP, and 514-cv
The content (1) of -ix TO is sected as the previous zero-crossing E data TFN (b), and further, in step 815, the current peak value C is set to the previous peak value AMP (b).

In 811, if N, that is, the input waveform signals come in the same direction, the process proceeds to 816, where it is determined whether the current wave height value C>previous wave height value AMP (b), and in the case of Y, that is, the current wave height value C is the same as the previous wave height value. If the wave height value - (b) is large, the process proceeds to 814. On the other hand, in the case of N in F312, the process advances to sis, whereby only the peak value is updated. Further, in the case of N at 816 and when the process at 815 ends, the process returns to the main flow (FIG. 4).

The 5TEP 1 mentioned above (5TEP 1 in Figure 11 →
2), this time the positive and negative 7 lags b (=o) and the flag group =
Since 1 does not match, the current zero cross time t is set as the previous zero cross time data TFN (0), and the current wave height value C is set as the previous wave height value AMP (0).
Write as.

FIG. 7 shows the details of the flowchart of 5TEP 2 shown as M7 in FIG.
It is determined whether or not the zero point has arrived in the same direction as O, and if Y, the process proceeds to #1S21.

At 821, the open string period CRT IO is set in the register CHTRR in the time constant conversion control circuit TCC shown in FIG. 2, and the process proceeds to 822. 822, the current wave height e>(7/8
) x previous wave height value AMP (b) Check whether the wave height value is between the previous and current IPs.
In the case of Y, if the natural attenuation is beautiful, the process proceeds to step 823, sets the 7-lag DUB to 0, and proceeds to S24. 8
In step 24, periodic calculation is performed, and the current zero-crossing time is inputted from the previous zero-crossing time data TFN (b) into the previous periodic data TP(b), and the current zero-crossing time t is inputted into the previous zero-crossing time data TFN (b).
is input as the previous zero cross time data TFN (b). T P (b) in S24 is 5TEP 3
This is used as a condition for note-on (waves 1 and 5). Further, in 824, register 5TEP is set to 3. Furthermore, the current wave height value C and the previous wave height value AMP (0)
Then, among the previous wave height values AMP (1), the largest value is registered as the velocity VEL. Also, this time the wave height C
is written to the previous wave height value AMP (b).

If N at 820, the process proceeds to 825, where the flag DUB, that is, a flag indicating that an input waveform in the same direction has arrived, is set to 1, and the process proceeds to 826.

In 826, current wave height C>previous wave height AMP (b
), and in the case of Y, the process advances to 829.

In 829, the current wave height value C is the previous wave height value AMP (b)
The previous zero-crossing time data TFN (b) is rewritten to the contents t of the register T. Further, in the case of N in S22, the process advances to 827, and the flag DUB
= 1, in other words, it is checked whether or not there was a duplication when 5TEP2 was executed last time. If Y, if there was a duplication, the process advances to 828. In 82g, flag D
Set UB to 0. In this case, the process advances to 829 and returns to the main routine. After the process of S24 and also when the answer is N at 826, the return to the main routine (RET) is made in the same way.
) f le.

The 5TEP 2 mentioned above (5TEP 2 in Figure 11→
3), this time the flag MT=1 as the positive/negative flag b.
is rewritten, the register CHTRRK 07 let period, that is, the open string period CRTIO is rewritten, and the flag DtJB is set to 0, and further t-TFN
(1)→TP(1) is performed, and the previous zero-crossing time data TF is calculated at the current zero-crossing time t.
N (1) is rewritten, and the largest value of the current wave peak value C, previous wave peak value AMP (0), and previous wave peak value AMP (1) is set as the velocity VEL, and the previous wave peak value AMP is set as the current wave peak value C. (1) is set.

FIG. 11 shows an example where there is an ideal waveform input, but the case where DUB=1 will be described next.

Figure 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of 5TEP2 in such a case.The case is that one wave is skipped and peak detection is performed, and when the input waveform is a solid line, 5TEP2 described later
Note-on is performed in step 3, and note-on is not performed when the input waveform is a dotted line. This is due to the difference in whether the result at 826 is Y or N. Also, the reason why it is difficult to transition from 5TEP 2 to 5TEP 3 is that even if b = MT holds at 820, e > (7/8) x AMP at 822
(b) is determined to be N, and as long as this does not become Y, 5T
This is because EP 2 is executed repeatedly. Also, 0) is the case when overtones below the octave are detected. In this case, when checking C>(7/8)xAMP (b),
Proceed to 824 via Y and Nashi 823, and move to 5TEP 3.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of 5TEP 3, which is M8 in FIG.
If it is normal, that is, if it is Y, then
Proceed to 831. In S31, 0 is inputted to initialize the flag register FX indicating an abnormality. Then, at the next step 832, the current amplitude value is one! - Determine whether the VELO value is exceeded. The value of this VEL is
In the already explained 5TEP 2, the maximum peak value at the start of sound generation is set (see S24).

Therefore, a sudden drop in the amplitude value is not a normal condition, and a determination of Y is made in 832, and the process proceeds to 833, where a determination of C)-g AMP (b) is made.

833 judges whether the current peak value exceeds the value multiplied by the previous peak value AMP (b) of the same polarity, which is either positive or negative. Usually, there is not much difference between the previous peak value and the current peak value, resulting in Y.

However, if you forget to take the peak of the waveform, or if you mistakenly extract the harmonic component waveform as the peak.
The judgment for No. 3 is N.

Then, in the case of N in the above-mentioned 832 and in the case of N in 833, a flag FX indicating an abnormal state is set to 1 and 834.

When the determination of Y is made in SSS and when the process of S34 is completed, the next process of 835 is performed.

In S35, the current peak value C is set to the previous peak value AMP (b), and b is set to the flag MT. This reverses the pitch extraction side. 5T described later
From EP 4 onward, the meaning of the flag MT has changed, meaning the pitch change side.

Further, the cycle calculation TP(b)←t-TFN (b) is performed and cycle data is set. In the case of FIG. 11, the value of TP(0) is found. and,
The current zero-crossing time t is the zero-crossing time data TF
N (b).

Next, proceed to 836. In 836, the above-mentioned FX value is O
It is judged whether or not it is, and in the normal state, the answer is Y, and the process proceeds to 837. In 831, the upper limit of frequency 1 number THLrM (previous period data TP (b) is checked to see if it is the upper limit of pitch extraction.Tsumashi says that if the period is larger than the period of the highest note, it will fall within the allowable range. Just Y and Nasi, 8
Proceed to 3g. In 838, the frequency lower limit TTLIM) Previous cycle data TP (b) 7-Please, please) Pitch extraction lower limit check is performed, and if the cycle is smaller than the cycle of the long bass, it falls within the allowable range, and it is set to Y. Make a decision and proceed to 839. The pitch extraction lower limit of 83B has a different constant from the pitch extraction lower limit of 5TEP 4, which will be described later.

Specifically, THLIM corresponds to the pitch period 2 to 3 semitones above the 7th note of the highest note, and TTLIM corresponds to the pitch period 5 semitones below the 7th note of the open string. do.

At 839, the previous cycle data T P (b) is set as the previously extracted cycle data TTP, that is, 26
Save the pitch extracted on the pitch extraction side (this will be used in 5TEP 4 described later) s s s 07
Proceed to. In 8301, the previous cycle data T P (b)
'=, T P (b), that is, checking whether the periods between zero-crossing points with different polarities approximately match 1,
Performs a 5-wave pitch extraction check, and in the case of Y, 830
2, the following processing is performed. That is, the time memory TFR is rewritten as the previous zero-crossing time data TFNω, the current zero-crossing time t is set as the previous zero-crossing time data TF, and the wave number counter HNC is cleared. This counter HNC is used in 5TEP 4, which will be described later. Register 5TEP is 4
, the note-on flag ONF is set to 2 (sounding state), and the constant TTtJ is 0, that is (HIM).
, and the constant TTW is set to the maximum WAX. All of these are used in 5TEP4, which will be described later. Also, the previous peak value register AMRL 1 for the second take-off is cleared.

Sosite, Herocity Information VEL wo, -L-(AMP
(b) +AMP■ is set as the average of both positive and negative peak levels.

Finally, note-on processing is performed with a pitch corresponding to the previous cycle data T P (b) (contents of the current cycle data) and a volume corresponding to the velocity VEL. That is, the microcomputer MOP instructs the sound source SS to start generating sound.

In 830, if N (zero cross point detection in the same direction), the process advances to 5303 and the previous peak value AMP (
b) It is determined whether the current wave height value is C, and if Y, the process proceeds to 5304. In 8301, the current peak value C is set as the previous peak value AMP (b). After that, the process returns to the main routine.

Similarly, if N in any of the cases of 8303.836, 837, and 838.8301, the process returns to the main routine (RET).

Next, the case where a mute instruction is given will be described with reference to FIG.

In other words, when performing a cutting technique and muting a string that you do not want to produce by lightly touching it with your finger, the string that was instructed to mute will momentarily vibrate at the touched position, as shown in Figure 17 (a). and then rapidly attenuates.

In that case, the level difference between the previous peak and the current peak is large and becomes N at SSS of 8TBP3. Therefore, regarding the law, 5TEP O → 5TEP 1 → 5TEP 2 → 5
The process of TEP 3 is done as shown in the figure, but the process of 5 TEP
At 834 of 3, the 7 lag FX is set to 1, and at 836, a determination of N is made and the process returns to the main routine without starting any sound generation.

Furthermore, even if the level of the waveform becomes smaller and the attenuation rate becomes smaller, if the velocity becomes 1/4 or less of the VELO value, a determination of N is made in S32, and the result is 8.
After processing 34,836, the waveform disappeared without sounding,
95TEP becomes 0. Note that the value of VEL is the highest level at startup.

Note that even when picking without muting, depending on the playing style, the system will attenuate rapidly immediately after the start-up as shown in Figure 17(b), but once the attenuation has subsided, the 7th gear FX will remain at 0. , note-on processing is performed. 5TE in the same figure
The change in P is an indication.

In the case of FIG. 17, note-on occurs when TP L:, TP (i;) is detected.

The 5TEP 3 mentioned above (5TEP3→4 in Figure 11)
), then MT = 1, I/b, AMP(0)←
e, mtLz (VEL, c (whichever is greater)) → VEL, MT 4- b = O.

TP (0)←[t −TFN (0) ), TFN
(0)←t, TTP4-TP(0χTFR4-T
FN (1), TP4-t, HNC←0, ONF←
2, TTU 4-0 (MIN), TTW 4-MA
X, AMRL14-0, note-on condition T P (0)
# Processing for T P (1) is performed. Then, in response to an appropriate waveform input, at this 5TEP 3, a musical tone having a pitch according to the extracted pitch starts to be generated. As can be seen from FIG. 11, a sound generation instruction is given to the sound source SS after approximately one to five cycles have elapsed since the start of cycle detection. Of course, as mentioned above, if the various conditions are not satisfied, the process will be delayed further.

FIG. 1θ is a flowchart of 5TEP 4 shown as M9 in FIG. 4, and in this case, there is a route 30--3 which actually changes the pitch, which is a route that only performs pitch extraction. First, 840,841,842゜863
Route (2) shown in ~86& will be explained.

At 840, the waveform number counter HNC)3 is determined and if Y, proceed to 841. In 841, relative on threshold TRLRL < C current wave peak value C
- It is determined whether the previous wave height value AMP (b)), and in the case of N, the process proceeds to 842. In S42, it is determined whether or not this time (positive/negative 7 lag b=7 lag MT') is on the pitch change side, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 843.

By the way, in the initial state, the waveform number counter H
Since NC is 0 (see 8301 in Figure 9), 840
Then, make a negative determination and proceed to S42. For example, in the case of a waveform input as shown in FIG. 11, b=1 and MT=0, so the process proceeds from S42 to S63.

In 863, in order to check whether peaks of the same polarity are being input consecutively (duplicate), it is determined whether register RIV=1, and if Y, the process advances to 86g, and , N (if there is no duplicate), the process advances to 864, where the following processing is performed. That is, in 864, the current wave height value C is the previous wave height value A.
MP (b), and the previous amplitude value AMRL J is input to the previous amplitude value AMRL for relative off processing.
2 is input. Note that in this case, the content of AMRL 1 is 0 (see 830 in STEP 3). 86 more
4, the larger value of the previous wave height value AMP (b) and the current wave height value C is input to the previous amplitude value AMRL1. Of the two positive and negative peak values in the cycle, the larger peak value is the amplitude value AMRL 1
is set to

Then, at 865, it is determined whether the waveform number counter (HNC) is 8, and at Komu, the waveform number counter (zero cross counter that is not on the pitch change side) INC is +1.
and is counted up.

Therefore, the upper limit of the waveform number counter HNC is 9. After processing 865 or 866, the process advances to 867. 867, register RIV t-1,
The contents of the time storage register TFR are subtracted from the current zero-crossing time and input to the period register TTR. This period register TTR comes to show period information as shown in FIG.

Then, the current zero-crossing time t is saved in the time storage register TFR, and thereafter, the main routine is returned/(RIT).

If it is Y at 1363, proceed to 8611 and get the current wave height C〉
It is determined whether it is the previous peak value AMP (b), and if Y, the process proceeds to 869. In 869, the previous peak value AMP (b) is rewritten to the current peak value C, and the process proceeds to 870.

In SVO, it is determined whether the current peak value C>the previous amplitude value AMRLJ, and in the case of Y, the process advances to 871, where the current peak value C is input as the previous amplitude value AMRL1.

If a determination of N is made at 86B, the process immediately returns to the main routine. Therefore, the amplitude value of the new waveform is registered only when -1 of the new input waveform is large. (In that case, it is considered that the peak of the harmonics has not been detected.) Also, when S70 is N and 8
When the processing of 'll ends, the process similarly returns to the main routine.

As described above, according to the example of FIG. 11, the following processing is performed for route (2). MT=0〆b.

RIV = OlAMP (1)←e, N/mL2
4-) JmLl, hlmL 14-max (AMP
(0), e (whichever is greater)], HNC
←(HNC+1) = 1, RIV, TTR←(t
-TFR), TFR-t is processed. Therefore, period register TTRK has the same polarity as the previous zero crossing point (STE
This means that the difference in time information from P2→3 (ζro) to the current zero crossing point and period information have been found.

Then, the program returns to the main routine and waits for the next zero cross inter-loved.

Next, a description will be given of the case where the process proceeds to route (2) shown at 840-862. Now, waveform number counter HNC = 1
Therefore (see 866), proceed from 840 to 842,,8
In 4j, in the case as shown in FIG. 11, since bu=0 and b=o, it is Y, and the process goes to 843. 843, register R
It is determined whether IV=1. Register RIV is already set to l in route ■ (see S67)
Therefore, the judgment at 843 is Y in this case, and the process proceeds to 844.

At 844, it is determined whether register 8TEP=4, and if Y, the process proceeds to 845. At 845, it is determined whether or not the current wave height value e (60H (H indicates hexadecimal notation) is present. Since the current wave height value is large, it is determined as Y, and the process proceeds to 846. At 846, the amplitude value AMRL 2- of the previous time is determined. Previous amplitude value kalpa L1≦(1/32) X previous amplitude value A
It is determined whether the MRL is 2, and if it is Y, the process proceeds to 847 and the relative off counter FOFR is set to 0. This relative-off processing will be described later.

Then, at 84B, period calculation is performed. Specifically, (the current zero-crossing time is the previous zero-crossing time data TF) is stored in the register TOT as the current cycle information 11.
Set to O. Then, the process advances to 849, where it is determined whether the current frequency information 11) is the frequency upper limit THLIM (the upper limit after the start of sound generation), and in the case of Y, 85
Go to 0.

8490 frequency upper limit THLIM is 83 of 5TEP 3
This is the same as the upper limit of the permissible range of the frequency at the time of triggering (at the start of sound generation) used in No. 6 (therefore, the period is the minimum and corresponds to the pitch period 2 to 3 semitones above the highest fret).

Next, the following process is performed in SSO. That is, the register RIV t-0 is set, the current zero-crossing time t is input as the previous zero-crossing time data TF, the previous peak value AMP (b) is input as the wave peak value e from the time before the previous time, and the current peak value C is input as the previous zero-crossing time data TF. Wave height value AMP (b)
is input.

Then, after the processing in 850, the process advances to 851, and in 851,
Frequency lower limit TLLIM) It is determined whether the current cycle information is 11 or not, and if it is Y, that is, if the current cycle is below the lower limit of the pitch extraction range during note-on, S52
Proceed to.

In this case, the lower frequency limit TLLIM is set, for example, one octave below the open string scale. tsutb, 5TEP
The allowable range is wider than the frequency lower limit TTLIM (see S37) of No. 3. By doing this, it becomes possible to respond to frequency changes by operating the tremolo arm, etc.

Therefore, the process proceeds to 852 only when the upper and lower limits of the frequency fall within the permissible range; otherwise, the process proceeds to 852.
9,851 returns to the simmain routine.

Next, at 852, the cycle data TTP is input to the cycle data h extracted two times before, and the current cycle information 11 is input to the cycle data TTP extracted last time. Then, in SSS, the current peak value C is written to the velocity VEL, and the process proceeds to 854. In 854, no change level NC
HLV) (Same wave height value e before previous time - current wave height value C) is determined, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 855.

In other words, the previous wave height value of the same polarity (e = AFi!P
If there is a large change between (b)) and the current peak value C, the difference will exceed NCHLV, and in such a case, if the pitch is changed based on the extracted period information, an error will occur. There is a high possibility that natural pitch changes will be exhibited. Therefore, if a negative determination is made in S54, the process returns to the main routine without performing the processes from 855 onwards.

Next, if Y in 854, relative off counter FO
It is determined whether FR=0 or not. When performing relative off 7 processing, which will be described later, the relative off counter FOFR will no longer be 0, and even in such a case, 85
At step 5, a negative decision is made and the process returns to the main routine. Then, when the determination is Y in S55, 856,
The process proceeds sequentially to S5'l.

Here, the two-wave three-value matching condition is determined. In sse, current cycle information ttx2-'(l current cycle information 11-/period data h1 from the time before the previous time) is determined, and in the case of Y, the process advances to ssy, and in 857, current cycle information ttx2-'(l
The current cycle information 11 - the content 1 of the cycle register TTR is determined, and in the case of Y, the process advances to 85g.

That is, in 856, the current cycle information tt in FIG.
(See S4J) is the previous cycle data h゛(=TTP)
(See S52).
In step 7, it is determined whether the value of the current cycle information 11 substantially matches the overlapping cycle TTR. Note that the limit range is ;" If it is Y, it is determined whether or not a result is obtained, and if it is Y, it is determined whether the current period information tt is a constant TTW or not. This is a decision not to accept it.

The constant TTIJ of 85g is 5TEP 3 of 83
01 is now set to O, and the constant T'lW is also set to the value of MAX, and when passing through this flow for the first time, it is always set to 8.
58. A determination of Y is made in 859, but after that, in 862, which will be described later, the constant TTU is set to (17/32)t.
t (period information of approximately 1 octave treble) is set, and the constant T'ff is similarly set at 1362 (31/16) tt
(tt-octave bass period information) is set. Therefore, there was a sudden octave up (this happens when you release the 7th note and mute) or an octave down (this happens when you miss the peak of the waveform). When changing the pitch, it would look unnatural, so branch so as not to change the pitch.

If a determination of Y is made at 858 or 859, the process proceeds to sgo. In 860, register 5TEP =
A judgment is made as to whether it has been set to 4, in which case it is set to 8.
Proceed to 617/C. ! At 3151, the pitch is changed from the microcomputer MCP to the sound source SS (based on the current cycle information 11), advances to St; 2FC, and changes to the current cycle information 11.
The time constant is changed in response to , and the constant TTU is (1
7/32)X current period information 11 is rewritten, and constant TTW is further rewritten to (31/16)

As will be described later, 9,5TEP=5 only when relative-on processing is performed, but in that case, the time constant is changed without changing the pitch. This time constant change processing means that the microcomputer MCP sets data based on the value of the current cycle information 11 in the register inside the time constant conversion control circuit TCC shown in FIG. This is as already explained).

Then, upon completion of the process in S62, the process returns to the main routine. Therefore, as stated above, route ■ is the 11th
As shown in the figure, the following processing is performed.

That is, HNC=1. , MT=0=b, Rff=1゜FOFR←0, tt←(t-Tr), RIV 4-0
, TF+-t.

, +-AMP (0), AMP(0)4-c, h
4-TTP, TTP+-t t,.

VEL 4-c, and ■TTP # TT
R gradient t t 1■'TTU (t t (TTW, ■A
MP(0) -c < NCHLV (If condition 03 is satisfied, the pitch is changed according to 11.

After that, TTU←(17/32) X t t%T
TW←(31/16)X tt is performed.

Therefore, in the route (2), the pitch of the actual sound source SS is changed, and in the subsequent zero-cross interwoven, the processing of the root (2) is performed.Similarly, the process of the root (2) is performed in the subsequent zero-cross interwoven.

In this way, in route ■, the period is simply extracted (S6
2), and in route ■, the actual pitch change (861
(see S62) and time constant change processing (see S62).

In addition, in 840 in 5TEP 4, the root ■
After the waveform counter HNC is counted up to exceed 3 at 866, a determination of Y is made.
Next, the process goes to 841 to detect a relative-on condition.

This is c-AMP(b)) TRLRL, and when the current amplitude value increases by more than the threshold value TRLRL compared to the previous amplitude value AMRL1, this is the same after the string operation. This happens when the string is picked again (due to tremolo playing), and in this case, in order to process the relative on at 841, from
711, and input the highest note 7 (for example, 22) to the time constant change register CHTRR of the time constant conversion control circuit TCC.
Fret) period CHTIM is set. After that,
Proceeding to sag in FIG. 5, after note-off of the musical tone being sounded, the sounding starts again.

Normally, according to the performance operation, the program proceeds to steps 840, 841, and 842, and then proceeds to the above-mentioned route ■ or route ■.

Next, relative off processing will be explained with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. When moving from the state where the fingertips and frets are being operated to the state where the strings are open, the amplitude level of the waveform drops rapidly, and the difference between the previous wave height value AMRL 2 and the previous wave height value AMRL 1 becomes (1/32 ) When AMRL 2 is exceeded, the process proceeds from 846 to 814. and,
The process proceeds from 874 to 875 so that the relative off counter FOFR counts up until it exceeds the constant ROFCT. At this time, go from S75 to 848 and go to 849-85
5 is performed, but since FOFR=O, the process returns to the main routine without changing the pitch immediately before entering the relative off process.

If 87M is determined to be Y, then in the example shown in Figure 13, when the value of FOFR is 3 (ROFCT is 2
), go from 874 to 875.

However, if the judgment in S46 is Y even once, the process proceeds from 846 to 847 and the FOFR is reset. Therefore, unless the condition 846 is satisfied the number of times specified by ROFCT, relative off processing is not performed. Note that if the value of ROFCT is set to a large value for strings with high pitches, relative off processing can be performed for any string after a substantially constant period of time.

Then, when the process goes from S74 to 876, the relative off counter FOFR is reset, the register 5TEP is set to 5, and the process goes to 877, where note-off is instructed to the sound source SS. When this 5TEP is 5, the pitch extraction process is
Execute in the same way as TEP 4, but from S60 to 861
Since the process proceeds to S62 without going through , no pitch change is made to the sound source SS. However, the time constant change process is performed according to the period extracted in S62.

When 5TEP is 5, the relative-on process is accepted (841, 878), but in other cases, it is detected that the vibration level has decreased in the main flow of Fig. 4. s'rgp in M14 by
When becomes 0, it returns to the initial state.

In addition, AMRL 1 and AMRL used in 846
2 is created by 864, and the peak with a higher level in one cycle (one of the maximum peak and minimum peak) is set to this value, and in the example in Figure 13, the maximum peak &k is In the case where the minimum peak bk-1 is always larger, &n+
1 and bn+2% &n+2 and “n+5 s Ln+5
The difference between and att++ is such that both exceed a predetermined value.

At this time, in the process of route (2), the minimum peak is b. Since +1, bfl+2, and bn-H are decreasing extremely, a determination of N is made in S54, the process returns to the main routine, and no pitch change processing is performed.

Next, we will explain the process to be performed when overtones in an octave relationship, such as a tone higher in octave or a tone lower in octave, are successively detected during pitch extraction.

As already explained, in 135g, when 11 does not exceed TTU, 17/32 of the previously extracted period
When the multiplied value TTU becomes smaller, the process advances to 876. When an octave higher note is extracted, it is assumed that you have removed your finger from the specified fret and performed a mute operation, and the 85B note is extracted without outputting an octave higher note.
Go to 876 and get 876.87 like when you turn off relative.
By processing 1, the previous sound generation is stopped.

Also, in 859, when 11 does not exceed TTW,
In other words, when the value TTW becomes greater than the previously extracted period multiplied by 31/16, the process returns to the main routine without proceeding to 860.

This state is shown in FIG. Normally, when the waveform near note-off is very small, the waveform will be superimposed by the resonance of the crossed oak or day of the hex pickup due to other picking.

Then, for example, the input waveform as shown in FIG.
Input waveforms an octave lower may be detected continuously.

In such a case, if equivalent processing is not performed, a sound that is 46 octaves lower will suddenly be output, which will be extremely unnatural. Therefore, T@n+2'' at S57,856;
Tla+3”; Even if Tkln+2 is detected, %
Since T&r1+5>T&flO, x(31/Is), 859. without changing the pitch. Return to the main routine.

Next, a case will be described in which, when double waveforms are extracted, zero crossing points of the same polarity occur successively. FIG. 15 shows an example when MT=1], and since the fundamental wave period and the period of the harmonic component are in a non-integer multiple relationship,
The phase of the overtones will shift and you will end up detecting zero crossings of the same polarity, so you have to be careful not to change the pitch incorrectly.

Therefore, 5TE at zero cross, which is written as double in the diagram,
In the process of P4, the process goes from 842 to 843, and in 84J, a Y decision is made and the process goes to F372. Here, ('n+3
) and (an+2) are compared, and if a11+
If 5) is p greater than (' n+2 ), a determination of Y is made in S72, and the value of (&11+3) is set in AMP (1), and if the opposite is the case, no equivalence change processing is performed.

By the way, in this case of duplication, the extracted time data is not used in the same way, so the cycle information T, +3 does not change at all. Also, naturally, the pitch is not changed based on the periodic data.

Similarly, FIG. 16 shows an example of waveform duplication, and MT
= 0 state is shown. At this time as well, a state of overlap occurs at the locations indicated as overlap in the figure. In this case, go from 842 to 863, make a decision of Y, and go to 863.
Go to 6B. In 86B, in the present case (a fi+2
) and (an+mi), (an0g) is (a
n+2) Only when it is big F) Go to 869 and AM
Rewrite P (1). In this case, further compare the previous amplitude value AMRL 1 and the current amplitude information (wave height value C).
If it is Y, the process goes to 871 and the current amplitude information C is set to the previous amplitude value AMRL1.

In this way, even when the waveform is duplicated due to the influence of overtones, the sivitte change process will not be performed unless sse and J57 are satisfied.

As described above, in this embodiment, when the strings are picked and muted, the attenuation of the input waveform signal immediately after the start-up is large, so the peak value is different from the previous one (strictly speaking, the maximum level at the start-up). By comparing the level with the peak value this time, it is detected that there is a rapid attenuation state, and the start of sound generation is temporarily prohibited. Even if the waveform becomes smaller and the attenuation rate decreases, the peak value at that time will be 1/1 of the register VEL.
If it is less than 4, the input waveform signal will eventually disappear without starting to produce sound.

Therefore, the mute instruction intended by the performer is reliably given, and the response time until the start of sound generation is short in the normal state without causing any trouble, so the performance effect is improved in this respect as well.

In the above embodiment, the period is extracted from the interval between each zero cross point following the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point, but other methods, such as the time interval between the maximum peak points or the minimum peak point, may be used. Period extraction may also be performed from .

Further, the circuit configuration can be variously changed accordingly.

Further, in the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electronic guitar (guitar synthesizer), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Various types of musical instruments can be applied as long as the pitch is extracted and an acoustic signal different from the original signal is generated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described in detail above, the present invention can reliably detect a mute instruction based on the peak value, reliably and easily prevent its occurrence, and achieve the performance effect intended by the performer. can.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an input control device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the pitch extraction digital circuit shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the microcomputer shown in FIG. 2. a flowchart showing the interrupt handling routine of
Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the main processing routine of the microcomputer in Figure 2, Figures 5 to 7, Figures 9 and 10.
The figures are all flowcharts for explaining the operation of each step of the microcomputer in Figure 2, Figures 8 and 11 to 1.
7 are timing charts for explaining the operation of each step. PA...Pitch extraction analog circuit, PD...Pitch extraction digital circuit, MCP...Microcomputer, SS...
Sound source, PEDT...peak detection circuit, ZTS...zero cross time acquisition circuit, TCC...time constant conversion control circuit, pvs...peak value acquisition circuit. Applicant's representative Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue RET. Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In an electronic musical instrument that extracts a pitch from an input waveform signal and generates a musical tone having a frequency based on the pitch, a peak value detection means for detecting a peak value of the input waveform signal; Attenuation detection means detects a rapid attenuation immediately after the rise of the input waveform signal based on the peak value detected by the detection means; 1. An input control device for an electronic musical instrument, comprising: prohibition means for prohibiting the input. (2) Input control of an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the peak value detection means is configured to obtain both a maximum peak value and a minimum peak value of the input waveform signal. Device. (3) The prohibiting means cancels the prohibition of the musical tone whose generation is once prohibited, on the condition that the peak value of the input waveform signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined level after the rapid attenuation ends. 2. The input control device for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising means for starting generation of the signal.