JP7619726B2 - 板紙およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
板紙およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7619726B2 JP7619726B2 JP2022526550A JP2022526550A JP7619726B2 JP 7619726 B2 JP7619726 B2 JP 7619726B2 JP 2022526550 A JP2022526550 A JP 2022526550A JP 2022526550 A JP2022526550 A JP 2022526550A JP 7619726 B2 JP7619726 B2 JP 7619726B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- pulp
- layer
- paper
- paperboard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 116
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 230
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013054 paper strength agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkyl ketene dimers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002761 deinking Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025001719A JP2025039657A (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2025-01-06 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020093051 | 2020-05-28 | ||
| JP2020093051 | 2020-05-28 | ||
| PCT/JP2021/019693 WO2021241531A1 (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-25 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025001719A Division JP2025039657A (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2025-01-06 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2021241531A1 JPWO2021241531A1 (https=) | 2021-12-02 |
| JPWO2021241531A5 JPWO2021241531A5 (https=) | 2024-03-14 |
| JP7619726B2 true JP7619726B2 (ja) | 2025-01-22 |
Family
ID=78744384
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022526550A Active JP7619726B2 (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-25 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
| JP2025001719A Pending JP2025039657A (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2025-01-06 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025001719A Pending JP2025039657A (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2025-01-06 | 板紙およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JP7619726B2 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TWI895430B (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2021241531A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7323113B1 (ja) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-08-08 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 板紙 |
| EP4710772A1 (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2026-03-18 | Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd. | Paper base material for fibrous casing base material |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003328299A (ja) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-19 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 段ボール外装用ライナ |
| JP2005264404A (ja) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き板紙の製造方法 |
| JP2008038287A (ja) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き両面着色紙 |
| JP2010242247A (ja) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-28 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き紙 |
| JP2013181262A (ja) | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-12 | Daio Paper Corp | 段ボール用ライナ原紙 |
| JP2017218721A (ja) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-14 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 段ボール原紙の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6846136B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-24 | 2021-03-24 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 耐水耐油紙、耐水耐油紙の製造方法及び紙製容器 |
| JP2020020065A (ja) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 板紙 |
-
2021
- 2021-05-25 WO PCT/JP2021/019693 patent/WO2021241531A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-05-25 JP JP2022526550A patent/JP7619726B2/ja active Active
- 2021-05-27 TW TW110119268A patent/TWI895430B/zh active
-
2025
- 2025-01-06 JP JP2025001719A patent/JP2025039657A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003328299A (ja) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-19 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 段ボール外装用ライナ |
| JP2005264404A (ja) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き板紙の製造方法 |
| JP2008038287A (ja) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き両面着色紙 |
| JP2010242247A (ja) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-28 | Daio Paper Corp | 多層抄き紙 |
| JP2013181262A (ja) | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-12 | Daio Paper Corp | 段ボール用ライナ原紙 |
| JP2017218721A (ja) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-14 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 段ボール原紙の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 紙パルプ技術便覧，第５版，日本，紙パルプ技術協会，1992年01月30日，第４８０－４８１頁 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021241531A1 (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
| JPWO2021241531A1 (https=) | 2021-12-02 |
| JP2025039657A (ja) | 2025-03-21 |
| TW202214436A (zh) | 2022-04-16 |
| TWI895430B (zh) | 2025-09-01 |
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