JP7507808B2 - 前頭側頭型認知症の治療 - Google Patents
前頭側頭型認知症の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[0001]本出願は、2016年3月2日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/302,525号の優先権を主張する。上記出願の全内容は、全文、表、配列表、及び図面を含むその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
[0001]前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)は、平均発症年齢が52~58歳であり、壮年期の女性よりも男性がわずかに多く罹患する、アルツハイマー病に次いで若年性認知症の2番目に多い型である。この高度に遺伝性の臨床症候群の根底にある病変、前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)は前頭葉及び側頭葉のニューロンの喪失及び委縮を特徴とし、アパシーから、言語の低下、衝動制御の喪失及び低下した社会意識を含む行動の重大な変化までの範囲の様々な臨床症状を生じる。
[0006]プログラニュリンは、炎症、創傷治癒、及びがんなどの生物学的プロセスにおけるその役割、並びに神経栄養特性が公知の分泌型成長因子である。ホモ接合体GRN突然変異は、まれなリソソーム蓄積症であるセロイドリポフスチン沈着症を引き起こし、プログラニュリンはリソソームを含むニューロン内膜区画に局在する。GRNヘテロ接合体は、典型的には前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)を発生する。本発明の組成物、方法、及び使用は、ヒトなどの哺乳動物を含む、ホモ接合体対象とヘテロ接合体対象の両方の処置を目的とする。
[0059]GRN-欠乏-媒介神経変性のメカニズムは分かっていないが、GRNの発現又は活性を最適にはおよそ生理的レベルに回復又は増加させることは、変性プロセスを防ぐ又は停止する可能性が高い。したがって、本発明はGRNの発現又は活性を遺伝子送達により提供する又は回復する方法及び使用を提供する。AAV媒介遺伝子送達は、複数の他の疾患で複数の臨床試験中である。特定の実施形態では、GRNを欠乏した哺乳動物へのGRNのAAV媒介送達。例えば、正常なGRNと比較してGRNの活性又は発現が低減し、又は存在しないヒトへのGRNを含むAAVベクターの脳室内送達。
[0192]FTDは、65歳より若い個体の認知症の2番目に多い一般的な原因であり、プログラニュリン(GRN)をコードする遺伝子の突然変異は、FTDの一般的なメンデルの要因である。現在までに、FTDを引き起こすGRNの全ての突然変異(50>の異なる突然変異)が、ハプロ不全によることが示されており、大多数がナンセンス突然変異であり、病気に罹患した個体が正常な転写レベルの50%のみ発現するようにする。結果として、プログラニュリンの置き換えは、GRN突然変異によるFTDを改善、好転又は予防する治療を提供する。
[0199]ELISAによって測定したように、非注射の同腹仔と比較して、5E10 vgのAAV9.CMV.hGRN.bGHpAの片側注射1ヵ月後の、GRNヌルマウスの側方脳室周囲、第三脳室周囲、前頭皮質、線条体、脳幹、脊髄及び肝臓におけるヒトプログラニュリン(hGRN)過剰発現(図1)。点線は、ELISAによって測定されたヒト前頭皮質における正常レベルのhGRNを示す。側方脳室周囲、前頭皮質、及び線条体については、左及び右は脳の半球を示し、全てのマウスは右尾側側脳室に注射された。
[0200]ELISAによって測定したように、非注射のGRN-ヌル全脳(WB)と比較して、5E10 vgのAAV9.CMV.hGRN.bGHpAの片側注射3ヵ月後の、GRNヌルマウスの側方脳室周囲、第三脳室周囲、前頭皮質、線条体、脳幹、及び脊髄におけるhGRN過剰発現(図2)。点線は、ELISAによって測定されたヒト前頭皮質における正常レベルのhGRNを示す。側方脳室周囲、前頭皮質、及び線条体については、左及び右は脳の半球を示し、全てのマウスは右尾側側脳室に注射された。
Claims (35)
- 前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)を処置するために使用される組成物であって、前記組成物がAAVキャプシドタンパク質を含む組換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(rAAV)粒子を含み、一対のAAV逆位末端反復配列の間に挿入されたプログラニュリンをコードする核酸を含有し、前記rAAV粒子が哺乳動物の脳脊髄液(CSF)に接触する脳実質細胞又は細胞に形質導入するのに効果的な形で、前記哺乳動物のクモ膜下腔、及び/又は髄腔内に投与され、前記細胞が前記プログラニュリンを発現することを特徴とする、
ここで、前記プログラニュリンが配列番号1に示される配列と少なくとも90%同一性を有する、前記組成物。 - 前記核酸が、一対のAAV逆位末端反復配列の間に挿入された、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記AAVキャプシドタンパク質が、AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10、AAV11、AAV12、AAV-rh74、AAV-rh10及びAAV-2i8 VP1、VP2及び/若しくはVP3キャプシドタンパク質、又はAAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10、AAV11、AAV12、AAV-rh74、AAV-Rh10若しくはAAV-2i8 VP1、VP2及び/若しくはVP3キャプシド配列と70%若しくはそれ以上の同一性を有するキャプシド配列からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ITRの対の1つ又は複数が、AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10、AAV11、AAV12、AAV-rh74、AAV-rh10若しくはAAV-2i8 ITR、又はAAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV10、AAV11、AAV12、AAV-rh74、AAV-Rh10若しくはAAV-2i8 ITR配列と70%若しくはそれ以上の同一性を有するITRを含む又はからなる、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記rAAV粒子が発現調節エレメントをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記発現調節エレメントがプロモーターを含む、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記発現調節エレメントがエンハンサーエレメントを含む、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記発現調節エレメントが、CMVエンハンサー、チキンベータアクチンプロモーター、CAGプロモーター及び/又は配列番号4に示されるCMVエンハンサーと80%若しくはそれ以上の同一性を有する配列及び/又は配列番号3に示されるCAGプロモーターと80%若しくはそれ以上の同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 複数のrAAV粒子が投与される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記rAAVが約1×106~約1×1018vg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記投与が脳室内注射を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記脳室が側脳室を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞が、脳室上皮、軟膜、内皮、脳室、髄膜、若しくはグリア細胞及び/又はニューロンを含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞が、前記プログラニュリンを前記CSFに分泌する、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記rAAV粒子が、脳の1~5箇所に注射される、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記rAAV粒子が、吻側側脳室;及び/又は尾側側脳室;及び/又は右側脳室;及び/又は左側脳室;及び/又は右吻側側脳室;及び/又は左吻側側脳室;及び/又は右尾側側脳室;及び/又は左尾側側脳室に投与される、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記rAAV粒子が、前記哺乳動物の大槽脳室内腔、脳室、クモ膜下腔、髄腔内、又は脳室上皮のいずれかに多回用量で投与される、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記プログラニュリンが哺乳動物のものである、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 形質導入した細胞が、前記哺乳動物のCSFに前記プログラニュリンを発現及び分泌する、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 正常なGRNの発現の約5~50%の間までGRNの発現を増加させる、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 正常なGRNの発現の50%より高くまでGRNの発現を増加させる、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- ニューロンの変性又は死を阻害、減少、又は防止する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- ニューロンの機能又は生存を増加、保存、回復、又は救出する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 皮質ニューロンの機能又は生存を増加、保存、回復、又は救出する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 皮質ニューロンの変性又は死を阻害、減少、又は防止する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 皮質運動ニューロンの機能又は生存を増加、保存、回復、又は救出する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 皮質運動ニューロンの変性又は死を阻害、減少、又は防止する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)の症状又は有害作用を改善、低減、又は減少する、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)の症状又は有害作用を安定化させる、その悪化を防止する、又は好転させる、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記症状又は有害作用が、初期若しくは後期の症状;行動、人格若しくは言語症状;及び/又は認知症状を含む、請求項28又は29に記載の組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物が非げっ歯類哺乳動物である、請求項1~30のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記非げっ歯類哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項31に記載の組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物又はヒトが内在性GRNの発現又は機能の喪失又は低減を示す、請求項1~32のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患がプログラニュリンの発現又は機能の欠乏又は欠損によって引き起こされる、請求項1~33のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 1つ又は複数の免疫抑制剤の投与をさらに含む、請求項1~34のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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