JP7498675B2 - Waterproofing structure for masonry exterior walls and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waterproof structure for masonry exterior walls and a construction method thereof.

Some masonry exterior walls made of bricks, stones, tiles, etc. have a structure with an air permeable layer to allow air to flow behind the brickwork. Patent Document 1 discloses a brick panel with a reinforcing frame that is equipped with vertical and horizontal waterstop plates to form waterstop wall joints in the vertical and horizontal joints between the reinforcing frames when the reinforcing frame brick panels, which have reinforcing frames on the peripheral sides of the brick panels, are combined vertically and horizontally.

Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-80029

In conventional masonry exterior wall structures made of bricks, stones, tiles, etc., a ventilation layer is provided on the back of the exterior wall, and in designs that use an open coping as the coping, there is a risk of rainwater entering the ventilation layer through the upper part of the ventilation layer that opens from the gap under the coping. Even if a drainage mechanism with a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the ventilation layer, there is still a possibility of rainwater entering the room if an unexpected event occurs, such as a fitting problem. For this reason, measures are needed to prevent rainwater from entering the ventilation layer itself.

Possible measures to prevent rainwater from entering the ventilation layer include using a cover plate, attaching a waterproof layer to the opening at the top of the ventilation layer, and using a closed-type coping, but the following concerns arise:
(1) If the cover plate is visible from the outside or if the shape of the coping rail is changed, it may cause design problems. In addition, if the cover plate is used to cover the inside of the door, it is not possible to see inside the door.
(2) There is a need for new materials, which leads to increased costs and increased effort and labor required for procuring them.
(3) If the upper part of the brick exterior wall and both ends of the rear rise are fixed, the coping may be damaged due to the difference in the behavior of the two sides during earthquakes, typhoons, and other strong winds. In addition, when fixing to the upper end of the brick exterior wall, it is necessary to make some adjustments to ensure proper fixing.

The reinforcing frame brick panel of Patent Document 1 is designed to form water-stopping wall joints in the vertical and horizontal joints between the reinforcing frames when multiple brick panels are assembled vertically and horizontally, but is not intended to prevent rainwater from entering the ventilation layer behind the brick panel.

In view of the problems with the conventional technology as described above, the present invention aims to provide a waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall that prevents rainwater from entering through the upper opening of the ventilation layer provided on the back surface of the masonry exterior wall of a building and that can properly secure each component of the waterproof structure, and a construction method thereof.

The waterproof structure of a masonry exterior wall for achieving the above object is a waterproof structure of an exterior wall made of a plurality of masonry bricks, stones or tiles,
The outer wall has an air permeable layer between it and the rear substrate,
a blocking member disposed between an upper portion of the outer wall and an upper portion of the rear base so as to block an upper opening of the ventilation layer;
A sealant disposed on the front surface of the upper portion of the exterior wall;
A pressing member fixed to an upper portion of the outer wall and having a pressing portion for pressing the sealing material and a receiving portion for receiving the plugging member;
A waterproof member extending from the blocking member to the rear base side and arranged to cover the blocking member,
a waterproof structure for an upper opening of the ventilation layer is formed by the blocking member, the sealing material, and the waterproof member;
The blocking member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base, and absorbs deviations caused by vibrations between the exterior wall and the rear base during earthquakes, strong winds, etc.

This waterproof structure for masonry exterior walls is made up of a sealing member that seals the upper opening of the ventilation layer, a sealing material on the front surface of the exterior wall at the upper part of the exterior wall, and a waterproofing member that extends from the sealing member to the rear base and covers the sealing member, effectively preventing rainwater from entering the ventilation layer through the upper opening. In addition, the sealing material is held down by the pressing part of the pressing member fixed to the upper part of the exterior wall, and the sealing member is placed on and received by the receiving part, so that the sealing material and the sealing member can be held securely by obtaining a holding effect, which contributes to reliably maintaining the waterproof structure. Furthermore, since the sealing member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base, it can absorb any misalignment caused by vibration between the exterior wall and the rear base during strong winds caused by earthquakes, typhoons, etc.

In the above-mentioned waterproof structure of the masonry exterior wall, it is preferable that the retaining member is fixed to embedded metal fittings embedded in multiple locations on the upper part of the exterior wall.

The exterior wall is preferably provided with a metal coping arranged to cover the upper part of the exterior wall so that the sealing material and the waterproofing member on the upper part of the exterior wall cannot be seen from the outside, and a mounting bracket for attaching the metal coping is preferably arranged in the space between the waterproofing member and the metal coping.

A method for constructing a waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall to achieve the above object is a method for constructing a waterproof structure for an exterior wall made of masonry of a plurality of bricks, stones or tiles, comprising the steps of:
The outer wall has an air permeable layer between it and the rear substrate,
A pressing member is fixed to an upper portion of the outer wall,
A sealant is placed on the front surface of the upper portion of the exterior wall so as to be pressed by the pressing portion of the pressing member;
a blocking member for blocking an upper opening of the ventilation layer between an upper portion of the outer wall and an upper portion of the rear base so as to be placed on a receiving portion of the pressing member;
A waterproof member is disposed so as to extend from the blocking member toward the rear base side and cover the blocking member;
a waterproof structure for an upper opening of the ventilation layer is formed by the blocking member, the sealing material, and the waterproof member;
The blocking member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base so as to absorb any misalignment between the exterior wall and the rear base caused by vibrations during earthquakes, strong winds, etc.

This method of constructing a waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall can provide a waterproof structure consisting of a sealing member that seals the upper opening of the ventilation layer, a sealing material on the front surface of the exterior wall at the upper part of the exterior wall, and a waterproof member that extends from the sealing member to the rear base and covers the sealing member, effectively preventing rainwater from entering the ventilation layer through the upper opening. In addition, the sealing material is held down by the pressing part of the pressing member fixed to the upper part of the exterior wall, and the sealing member is placed and received by the receiving part, so that the sealing material and the sealing member can be held down. Furthermore, since the sealing member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base, it can absorb any misalignment caused by vibration between the exterior wall and the rear base during strong winds caused by earthquakes, typhoons, etc.

In the above-mentioned construction method for waterproofing a masonry exterior wall, it is preferable to place a mounting bracket for attaching a metal coping to the top of the waterproofing member, and attach the metal coping to the mounting bracket so as to cover the top of the exterior wall, so that the sealing material and the waterproofing member on the top of the exterior wall cannot be seen from the outside.

In addition, in the above-mentioned waterproofing structure for masonry exterior walls and the construction method thereof, the ventilation layer between the exterior wall and the rear base is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes and openings that communicate with the ventilation layer in at least one of the exterior wall and the rear base, so that air flow in the ventilation layer is not impeded even if the upper opening of the ventilation layer is blocked with a blocking material.

The waterproof structure for masonry exterior walls and the construction method of the present invention can prevent rainwater from entering through the upper part of the ventilation layer installed on the back surface of the exterior wall, and each component of the waterproof structure can be properly fixed.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main portion showing the front side of the masonry exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is an external view showing a single brick constituting the exterior wall structure of FIG. 1 . 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of the waterproof structure for the masonry exterior wall of FIG. 1, cut vertically. FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing a main part of the pressing member shown in FIG. 3. 1 is a flowchart for explaining construction steps S01 to S08 of a waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall according to this embodiment. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of the upper part of the outer wall shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a main portion, illustrating a state in which a pressing member is disposed and fixed to an upper portion of the outer wall of FIG. 6 .

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the main part showing the front of a masonry exterior wall structure according to this embodiment. Figure 2 is an external view showing an individual brick that constitutes the exterior wall structure of Figure 1.

The exterior wall structure shown in Figure 1 comprises an exterior wall 1 constructed by stacking numerous rectangular parallelepiped bricks 3 that are longer horizontally than vertically, and a metal coping 2 made of a metal material such as aluminum, placed on top of the bricks. Each brick 3 is joined with mortar at joints 4 on the top and bottom surfaces and on the left and right sides. As shown in Figure 2, the bricks 3 have multiple filling holes 3b that run vertically from the top surface 3a, and reinforcing bars 7 (Figure 3) are placed vertically in the filling holes 3b, which are filled with mortar when the bricks are stacked.

The exterior wall structure and waterproof structure of the exterior wall shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the waterproof structure of the masonry exterior wall shown in FIG. 1, cut vertically. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the main part showing the pressing member shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment has an air permeable layer 10 formed between the exterior wall 1 made of masonry of many bricks 3 and the base part 5 of the building that constitutes the rear base. The base part 5 includes rear base materials such as steel frames, precast materials, and reinforced concrete structures that constitute the rear base. The steel frames are made of lightweight steel materials such as C-shaped steel. In addition, connecting members 6 provided on the base part 5 to connect and hold the exterior wall 1 are arranged in the air permeable layer 10. The connecting members 6 have an L-shaped connecting part 6a that extends into the mortar in the joints 4 between the bricks 3, and a fixing part 6b that is fixed to the base surface 5b and is connected to the connecting part 6a by bolts and nuts, etc., and connect and hold the exterior wall 1 to the base part 5. The connecting members 6 are arranged in multiple places on the exterior wall 1.

A sealant 11 is provided on the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 located at the top end of the exterior wall 1 at the front position of the exterior wall 1. The sealant 11 is a sealing (caulking) material, and various types can be used, such as a type that hardens into a rubber-like material when hardened by a chemical reaction or a type that hardens when dried.

A plate-shaped blocking member 13 is disposed between the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at the upper end of the exterior wall 1 and the upper surface 5a of the base 5 so as to block the upper opening 10a of the ventilation layer 10. The blocking member 13 is made of, for example, a wood-chip cement board, but is not limited to such a material.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pressing member 12 is arranged on the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at the upper end of the exterior wall 1 so as to extend laterally of the exterior wall 1 and is fixed to the embedded metal fitting 15. The pressing member 12 has a pressing portion 12a of the sealing material 11 that rises vertically from the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at a vertical portion 12d and extends horizontally slightly toward the front side of the exterior wall 1 at a distance from the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 to form a space 12c, and a receiving portion 12b that contacts the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 and extends slightly toward the rear side of the brick 3 to receive and place the end of the blocking member 13. The sealing material 11 fits within the space 12c of the pressing member 12. The height of the pressing member 12 is approximately the same as the thickness of the blocking member 13. The pressing member 12 can be made by bending a strip-shaped steel plate, and a commercially available product manufactured in this manner can be used.

As shown in Figure 4, bolts and nuts 15a attached to flat embedded metal fittings 15 are embedded and fixed in the mortar filled in the filling holes 3b (Figure 2) on the top surfaces 3a of the bricks 3. The retaining members 12 are fixed in the receiving portions 12b by screwing the fasteners 16 into the mortar through the embedded metal fittings 15. The embedded metal fittings 15 are provided at multiple locations on the top surfaces 3a of the bricks 3 at the top end of the exterior wall 1 at a predetermined interval in the lateral direction of the exterior wall 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, a sheet-like waterproofing member 14 is arranged extending from the upper surface 5a of the base portion 5 to the rear of the base portion 5 so as to cover the pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12 and the upper surface of the blocking member 13 from the front position of the exterior wall 1. The waterproofing member 14 is made of, for example, an asphalt sheet and is adhered to the pressing portion 12a, the upper surface of the blocking member 13, and the rear back surface of the base portion 5 with an adhesive, but may be made of other waterproofing materials.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fastener 17 penetrates the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13 and is screwed into the base 5 from the top surface 5a, so that the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13 are fixed on the base 5 side, but are not fixed to the top surface 3a of the bricks 3 of the exterior wall 1.

The metal coping 2 is bent at the front and back sides of the exterior wall 1 to form a cross section that is roughly U-shaped, and is arranged so as to cover the upper surface of the exterior wall 1 and the upper surface 5a of the base 5 as a whole. In the internal space between the metal coping 2 and the waterproofing member 14, a coping bracket 19 for attaching and fixing the metal coping and a retaining bracket 20 for holding the coping bracket 19 are arranged. The metal coping 2 is attached to the coping bracket 19 by fitting the bent front end 19a of the coping bracket 19 into the fitting protrusion 2a on the front side and fitting the bent rear end 19b of the coping bracket 19 into the fitting protrusion 2b on the back side. This fitting structure allows the metal coping 2 to be freely attached and detached. The retaining bracket 20 is fixed to the base 5 by screwing the fixing device 18 into the base 5 from the upper surface 5a through the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13, but is not fixed to the upper surface 3a of the bricks 3 of the exterior wall 1.

According to the waterproof structure of the masonry exterior wall shown in Figures 1 to 4, the waterproof structure is provided by the sealing member 13 that seals the upper opening 10a of the ventilation layer 10, the sealing material 11 provided on the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at the upper end of the exterior wall 1, and the waterproofing material 14 that extends to the pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12, the upper surface of the sealing member 13, and further to the rear back surface of the base portion 5 to cover the sealing member 13 and the rear back surface of the base portion 5, so that rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the ventilation layer 10 through the upper opening 10a. In addition, rainwater entering from the front side of the metal coping 2 can be efficiently stopped by the sealing material 11 arranged on the pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12. In addition, the sealing member 13 extends from the top of the exterior wall 1 to the rear end of the upper surface 5a of the base portion 5 together with, for example, a wood-chip cement board, so that the strength of the sealing member and waterproofing structure can be ensured.

By applying the above-mentioned waterproofing structure to the exterior wall 1, the water-stopping and waterproofing properties of the exterior wall 1 can be improved without changing the exterior design of the exterior wall 1, and the occurrence of water leakage can be suppressed in the long term. In addition, waterproofing and water-stopping measures can be completed inside the coping.

The pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12 fixed to the top of the exterior wall 1 holds the sealing material 11, and the receiving portion 12b supports the blocking member 13, providing a holding effect for the sealing material 11 and the blocking member 13, ensuring that the sealing material 11 and the blocking member 13 are held securely, contributing to long-term maintenance of the waterproof structure.

The blocking member 13 is fixed to the upper surface 5a of the base 5, but not to the upper part of the exterior wall 1, so that it can absorb the displacement caused by vibration between the exterior wall 1 and the base 5 during earthquakes, strong winds, etc. This eliminates the risk of damage to the exterior wall 1, blocking member 13, or waterproofing member 14 due to the difference in behavior between the upper part of the brick exterior wall 1 and the upper surface 5a of the back base 5 when they are fixed, and the waterproof structure can be fixed properly and reliably. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, it is desirable to arrange the blocking member 13 so that a predetermined gap C is provided between the outer wall side end of the blocking member 13 and the vertical part 12d of the pressing member 12. This makes it possible to better absorb the displacement of the blocking member 13 caused by the difference in behavior between the exterior wall 1 and the base 5 during earthquakes, strong winds, etc.

Next, the construction process of the waterproof structure of Figs. 1 to 4 will be described with reference to Figs. 5 to 8. Fig. 5 is a flow chart for explaining the construction processes S01 to S08 of the waterproof structure of a masonry exterior wall according to this embodiment. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the main part, which shows the upper part of the exterior wall of Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the main part, which shows the state in which a pressing member is arranged and fixed to the upper part of the exterior wall of Fig. 6. Note that in Fig. 7, for ease of explanation, the vertical cross section of the pressing member 12 is shown by hatching.

Referring to Figure 5, as shown in Figure 6, the exterior wall 1 is assembled by stacking a large number of bricks 3, and after mortar M is filled into the through holes 3b of the bricks 3, flat embedded metal fittings 15 are embedded in the mortar M with bolts and nuts 15a (Figure 4) (S01). A number of embedded metal fittings 15 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the lateral direction of the exterior wall 1.

Next, as shown in Figure 7, the pressing members 12 are placed horizontally on the exterior wall 1 on the embedded metal fittings 15 at the top of the exterior wall 1, and at the position of each embedded metal fitting 15, the fixing device 16 is screwed into the mortar M through the embedded metal fittings 15 from the top surface of the receiving portion 12b, thereby fixing the pressing members 12 to the upper surface 3a of the bricks 3 (S02).

Next, the sealing material 11 in FIG. 3 is placed in the space 12c below the pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12 (S03). The sealing material 11 hardens and becomes rubber-like, providing a waterproof effect on the upper front surface of the exterior wall 1.

Next, as shown in Fig. 3, a plate-shaped blocking member 13 is placed between the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at the upper end of the exterior wall 1 in Fig. 7 and the upper surface 5a of the base portion 5 to block the upper opening 10a of the ventilation layer 10 (S04). At this time, the blocking member 13 is supported by the end on the front side of the exterior wall 1 resting on the receiving portion 12b of the pressing member 12.

Next, as shown in Figure 3, the waterproofing member 14 is placed from the front position of the exterior wall 1 to cover the pressing portion 12a of the pressing member 12 and the top surface of the blocking member 13, and is attached to the rear back surface of the base portion 5 with adhesive (S05). Normally, the entire adhesive surface between the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13 is bonded with adhesive, but by providing a non-adhesive portion in the center of the adhesive surface, it is possible to accommodate displacement due to a difference in behavior between the exterior wall 1 and the base portion 5 together with the blocking member 13.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the fastener 17 is passed through the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13 and screwed into the base portion 5 from the upper surface 5a, thereby fixing the waterproofing member 14 and the blocking member 13 to the base portion 5 side (S06). Note that the blocking member 13 is not fixed or secured to the upper surface 3a of the brick 3 at the upper end of the exterior wall 1.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the retaining bracket 20 that holds the capping bracket 19 is screwed into the upper surface 5a of the waterproofing member 14 to fix it to the base 5, thereby positioning the capping bracket 19 (S07).

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the bent front end 19a of the capping bracket 19 is fitted into the fitting protrusion 2a on the front side of the metal capping 2, and the bent rear end 19b of the capping bracket 19 is fitted into the fitting protrusion 2b on the rear side, thereby attaching the metal capping 2 to the capping bracket 19 (S08). In this manner, the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment can be completed. The metal capping 2 can be removed by releasing the fitting protrusions 2a and 2b from the capping bracket 19, and can be fitted again after removal, so that the fitting structure makes it easy to attach and detach. Therefore, the metal capping 2 can be removed for internal inspection and maintenance when inspecting buildings and exterior walls.

According to the construction method of the waterproof structure of the masonry exterior wall of this embodiment, the retaining members and embedded metal fittings of the exterior wall structure can be constructed from general-purpose products, and the use and construction of special materials such as cover plates, waterproof layers, and closed-type copings for sealing the upper part of the exterior wall 1 can be avoided without arranging new materials or additional work, so the increase in costs and work processes can be suppressed. In addition, although the materials used for the sealing members 13 and waterproof members 14 increase slightly, each material is also used in other parts of the building, so the impact on costs and processes can be minimized. In addition, the metal coping 2 is an open coping type and can be removed for maintenance. Since the upper part of the exterior wall 1 is not covered with a cover plate or the like, the inside can be seen.

Although the embodiments for implementing the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention. For example, in this embodiment, the exterior wall is constructed of masonry made of multiple bricks, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the exterior wall may be constructed of masonry made of multiple stones or tiles.

According to the present invention, a waterproof structure is provided on the upper part of the exterior wall of a building, so rainwater can be prevented from entering from the upper part of the ventilation layer provided on the back side of the exterior wall, and there is no risk of rainwater entering the interior of the building. In addition, each component of the waterproof structure can be properly fixed, so vibrations during strong winds such as earthquakes and typhoons can be absorbed, and damage to the waterproof structure can be avoided.

Reference Signs List 1: Outer wall 2: Metal coping 2a, 2b: Fitting protrusion 3: Brick 3a: Upper surface 3b: Filling hole 5: Base portion 5a: Upper surface 10: Ventilated layer 10a: Upper opening 11: Sealing material 12: Pressing member 12a: Pressing portion 12b: Receiving portion 13: Closing member 14: Waterproofing member 15: Embedded metal fittings 16-18: Fixing device 19: Coping mounting metal fitting 19a: Front end 19b: Rear end

Claims (5)

A waterproofing structure for an exterior wall made of masonry of multiple bricks, stones or tiles,
The outer wall has an air permeable layer between it and the rear substrate,
a blocking member disposed between an upper portion of the outer wall and an upper portion of the rear base so as to block an upper opening of the ventilation layer;
A sealant disposed on the front surface of the upper portion of the exterior wall;
A pressing member fixed to an upper portion of the outer wall and having a pressing portion for pressing the sealing material and a receiving portion for receiving the plugging member;
A waterproof member extending from the blocking member to the rear base side and arranged to cover the blocking member,
a waterproof structure for an upper opening of the ventilation layer is formed by the blocking member, the sealing material, and the waterproof member;
A waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall, in which the blocking member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base, and absorbs displacement caused by vibration between the exterior wall and the rear base during earthquakes or strong winds. The waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall according to claim 1, in which the retaining members are fixed to embedded metal fittings embedded in multiple locations on the upper part of the exterior wall. a metal coping arranged to cover an upper portion of the exterior wall so that the sealing material and the waterproofing member on the upper portion of the exterior wall cannot be seen from the outside;
3. The waterproof structure for a masonry exterior wall according to claim 1, wherein a mounting bracket for mounting the metal coping is disposed in a space between the waterproofing member and the metal coping. A method for constructing a waterproof structure for an exterior wall made of masonry of a plurality of bricks, stones or tiles, comprising the steps of:
The outer wall has an air permeable layer between it and the rear substrate,
A pressing member is fixed to an upper portion of the outer wall,
A sealant is placed on the front surface of the upper portion of the exterior wall so as to be pressed by the pressing portion of the pressing member;
a blocking member for blocking an upper opening of the ventilation layer between an upper portion of the outer wall and an upper portion of the rear base so as to be placed on a receiving portion of the pressing member;
A waterproof member is disposed so as to extend from the blocking member toward the rear base side and cover the blocking member;
a waterproof structure for an upper opening of the ventilation layer is formed by the blocking member, the sealing material, and the waterproof member;
A construction method for a waterproof structure of a masonry exterior wall, in which the sealing member is not fixed to at least one of the upper part of the exterior wall and the upper part of the rear base so as to absorb shifts between the exterior wall and the rear base due to vibrations during earthquakes and strong winds. The construction method for waterproofing a masonry exterior wall according to claim 4, in which a mounting bracket for attaching a metal coping is placed on the top of the waterproofing member, and the metal coping is attached to the mounting bracket so as to cover the top of the exterior wall, so that the sealing material and the waterproofing member on the top of the exterior wall cannot be seen from the outside.

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