JP4783520B2

JP4783520B2 - Underfloor ventilation unit and unit building for unit building

Info

Publication number: JP4783520B2
Application number: JP2001183474A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 繁横里
Original assignee: Misawa Homes Co Ltd
Current assignee: Misawa Homes Co Ltd
Priority date: 2001-06-18
Filing date: 2001-06-18
Publication date: 2011-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 2021-06-18
Also published as: JP2002371640A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ユニット式建物用の床下換気部材およびユニット式建物に係り、詳しくは、基礎と建物本体との間の隙間に設置されるユニット式建物用の床下換気部材およびユニット式建物に関する。
【０００２】
【背景技術】
従来より、工場で製造した箱状の建物ユニットを、建築現場で複数連結させて建築されるユニット式建物が知られている。
このユニット式建物を構成する建物ユニットとしては、四隅の柱の上下端を天井梁および床梁で連結した箱状のフレームを有するものが一般的である。フレームには、天井梁に支持される天井面材、床梁に支持される床面材および部屋を仕切る間仕切壁等の内装材や、軽量気泡コンクリート等で形成された外壁等の外装材が工場で組付けられている。
このようなユニット式建物によれば、工場において箱状のフレームに内装材や外壁材の取り付け作業まで行って建物ユニットを製造した後、その建物ユニットを現場に運搬して連結作業を行うだけで建物が完成するから、建築現場での作業が大幅に削減され、建築工事を短期間で完了できるというメリットが得られる。
【０００３】
ところで、建物ユニットは、下面の複数箇所（たとえば四隅）を支持する支持部材を介して基礎上に設置されることが一般的であり、建物ユニット下面と基礎上面との間には、所定間隔の隙間が形成されることとなる。この隙間を利用して、床下空間の換気を行うことが知られている（本出願人による特開平０５−１７１７０４号公報等参照）。
上記公報には、まず、合成樹脂から形成された網状のパイプ材を基礎上面に設置し、この後、建物ユニットを基礎上に設置する際に、パイプ材を基礎上面と建物ユニット下面とで挟み込むことによって、パイプ材を基礎および建物ユニット間の隙間に介装することが開示されている。このような構成では、パイプ材の網の多数の孔によって床下空間の換気が可能となるとともに、網状のパイプ材によってネズミ等の小動物や虫の侵入を防止できるようになっている。
【０００４】
一方、上述したようなユニット式建物を含む建物全般では、降雨時等に外壁材に付着した水滴が、外壁材の表面を伝って下端縁まで達し、基礎側まで回り込むおそれがある。このため、外壁材の下端縁に沿って水切り部材を装着し、外壁表面を伝った水滴を水切り部材に伝わせて地面に流下させることにより、水滴が基礎側に回り込むのを防止する場合がある。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した建物では、基礎および建物ユニット間に介装されるパイプ材、および外壁材に装着される水切り部材の両方を用いた場合、それぞれに建物への取り付け作業が伴うため、作業効率が悪く、また、部品点数も多くなってコストダウンが図りにくいという問題がある。
【０００６】
本発明の目的は、作業効率を良好にできるとともに、部品点数を削減できてコストダウンを図ることができる床下換気部材を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のユニット式建物用の床下換気部材は、図面を参照して説明すると、基礎１１と、この基礎上に設置されるとともに複数の建物ユニット２０を結合させて建てられる建物本体１２の建物ユニット２０との間に所定間隔の隙間が形成され、この隙間に設置される床下換気部材５０，６０，７０であって、前記基礎上面に固定される固定部５１と、前記建物ユニット２０下面に当接される当接部５３と、前記固定部と前記当接部とを連結しかつ変形可能な連結部５２，６２，７２と、前記当接部から下方へ突出する水切り部５４，６４，７４とを備え、前記連結部には、建物の床下空間と外部とを連通する通気用孔５２Ｃが形成され、前記水切り部は、前記連結部よりも建物１０外側に配置され、かつ、前記当接部の上面には、シール材５５が設けられていることを特徴とするものである。
【０００８】
このような構成において、床下換気部材の固定部を基礎上面に固定した状態で、建物本体を上方から基礎上に下降させれば、床下換気部材の当接部が建物本体下面に当接して、建物本体の重みによって連結部が変形する。これにより、固定部が基礎上面に、当接部が建物本体下面に略密着した状態で、床下換気部材が基礎および建物本体間に介装され、基礎および建物本体間の隙間には通気用孔が形成された連結部が配置されるとともに、建物本体下面には水切り部が設置されることとなる。
なお、基礎および建物本体から構成される建物としては、複数の建物ユニットからなるユニット式建物に限らず、一般在来工法、またはパネル工法で建築される建物や、鉄骨軸組構造、ＲＣ構造を有する建物等も含まれる。
このように、本発明に係る１つの床下換気部材を、建物本体および基礎間にセットするだけで、連結部では通気用孔によって床下空間の換気が可能となり、また、水切り部では建物本体の外側表面（たとえば外壁材の表面）を伝って下端にまで達した水滴等を基礎側に回り込ませることなく、地面に流下させることができるようになる。従って、従来と異なって、床下換気用のパイプ材および水切り部材の両方を用いずに、１つの床下換気部材を用いるだけで換気および水切りの効果が得られるから、部品点数を削減できてコストダウンが図れる。また、２種類の部材を別々に建物に取り付ける必要がないから、作業効率を良好にできる。
さらに、連結部は変形可能に形成されているから、建物本体および基礎間に形成される隙間の寸法の大きさが建物ごとに異なっていても、連結部が変形することでその寸法差を吸収できる。従って、１種類の床下換気部材で、様々な建物に対応でき、コストダウンが図れる。
また、水切り部を連結部よりも建物外側に配置したので、水切り部によって、連結部を建物外側から見えにくくでき、外観を良好にできる。
【０００９】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記連結部は、格子状に形成され、前記通気用孔は、前記格子の多数の孔であることが望ましい。
このように、床下換気部材において、連結部を格子状とすることで、当該連結部の剛性を他の部分よりも低くできて、連結部を変形しやすくできる。これにより、建物本体を基礎上に設置する際、建物本体の重みで連結部が簡単に変形するようになるので、床下換気部材を基礎と建物本体との間に挟み込むように設置するときに、建物本体の設置精度に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。
また、格子の多数の孔を通気用孔として利用しているので、通気用孔を別途形成しなくても、多数の通気用孔を連結部に設けることができ、床下換気部材の形成も容易となる。
【００１０】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記連結部は、少なくとも１つの略水平方向に開口する断面略Ｖ字状の折曲部５２Ａを有する折曲構造であることが望ましい。
このようにすれば、折曲部に応力が集中するので連結部を変形しやすくできる。これにより、建物本体を基礎上に設置する際、建物本体の重みで連結部が簡単に変形するようになるので、床下換気部材を基礎と建物本体との間に挟み込むように設置するときに、建物本体の設置精度に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。
【００１１】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記連結部は、前記基礎の建物外側縁１１Ａ近傍に配置され、前記固定部は、前記連結部の下端縁から延出するとともに、前記基礎上面に沿って建物内側へ延びる板状に形成されていることが望ましい。
このようにすれば、外部に露出される基礎の上面部分が非常に少なくなるため、基礎の劣化を防止できる。
【００１２】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記水切り部は、前記建物本体の建物外側縁４７Ｂ近傍に配置され、前記当接部は、前記水切り部の上端縁から延出するとともに、前記建物本体下面に沿って建物内側へ延びる板状に形成されていることが望ましい。
このようにすれば、水切り部を基礎から建物外側方向にできるだけ離れた位置に配置できるので、建物本体の外側表面を伝う水滴が基礎に回り込むのを確実に防止できるようになる。
【００１３】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記当接部の上面には、シール材５５が設けられていることが必要である。このようにすれば、建物本体を基礎上に載置する際、建物本体下面と当接部上面のシール材とが密着するから、当接部と建物本体下面との間に隙間が生じにくくなる。これにより、建物本体の外側表面（たとえば外壁材の表面）を伝って下端にまで達した水滴が建物本体下面と当接部との間に浸入することなく、水切り部によって地面に流下するようになる。従って、水滴等が基礎側まで回り込むのを確実に防止できる。特に、シール材として発泡シール材を用いた場合には、シール材のかさが増えるので、基礎と建物本体との間の隙間が若干大きくても当接部上面と建物本体下面とを確実に密着させることができる。また、発泡シール材は圧縮可能なので、建物本体で発泡シール材を押圧した際に、発泡シール材が押し出されてはみ出るのを防止でき、外観を良好にできる。
【００１４】
本発明の床下換気部材では、前記固定部は、釘により前記基礎上面に固定されることが望ましい。このように、固定部を釘によって基礎上面に固定するので、床下換気部材の基礎への固定作業を簡単にできる。
なお、本発明のユニット式建物においても、前記本発明の床下換気部材と同様の作用効果が達成される。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の第１〜３実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１には、本発明の第１実施形態に係るユニット式建物１０が示されている。このユニット式建物１０は、布基礎１１と、この布基礎１１の上に形成される建物本体１２と、この建物本体１２の上に形成される屋根１３とを備えている。
このうち、建物本体１２は、布基礎１１上に配置された１階建物ユニット２０Ａと、この１階建物ユニット２０Ａの上に配置された２階建物ユニット２０Ｂとを備えている。
また、ユニット式建物１０の外周側において、布基礎１１と１階建物ユニット２０Ａとの間には、床下換気部材５０が介装され、この床下換気部材５０は、ユニット式建物１０の外周に略沿って複数配列されている。この床下換気部材５０については、後に詳細に説明する。
【００１６】
建物ユニット２０Ａ，２０Ｂは、図２に示すように、四隅の柱４１の上下端を連結する天井梁４２および床梁４３を有する箱状のフレーム４０を備えている。このうち、柱４１と天井梁４２とは、柱４１の柱頭側に配置される柱頭接合部材４５を介して連結され、柱４１と床梁４３とは、柱４１の柱脚側に配置される柱脚接合部材４６を介して連結されている。
天井梁４２としては、長さの異なる短辺天井梁４２Ａおよび長辺天井梁４２Ｂの二種類が設けられ、床梁４３としては、長さの異なる短辺床梁４３Ａおよび長辺床梁４３Ｂの二種類が設けられている。また、対向する長辺天井梁４２Ｂの間には、天井面材を支持するための天井小梁が架け渡され（図示省略）、対向する長辺床梁４３Ｂの間には、床を形成するパーチクルボード等の床面材を支持するための複数の根太が架け渡されている（図示省略）。
【００１７】
これらの建物ユニット２０Ａ，２０Ｂのうち、ユニット式建物１０の外側に配置される建物ユニットには、たとえばＡＬＣ(Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete)板からなる外壁材が取り付けられている。図２を用いて具体的に説明すると、ユニット式建物１０の角部に配置された建物ユニット２０Ａ，２０Ｂにおいて、図中二点鎖線で示すように、妻側および桁側には、それぞれ妻側外壁材４７および桁側外壁材４８が設けられ、これら妻側外壁材４７と桁側外壁材４８との間の角部には、断面Ｌ字状の角部用外壁材４９が設けられている。
【００１８】
次に、床下換気部材５０について詳細に説明する。
図３において、床下換気部材５０は、帯状の金属板がその長手方向に沿って折り曲げられて形成されたものであり、布基礎１１上面に取り付けられる略平板状の固定部５１と、この固定部５１の一端縁から立ち上がる連結部５２と、この連結部５２の上端縁から固定部５１と略平行に延出する略平板状の当接部５３と、この当接部５３の連結部５２と連続する端縁と反対側の端縁から下方へ突出する水切り部５４とを有している。これら固定部５１、連結部５２、当接部５３、および水切り部５４は、一体に形成されている。
【００１９】
固定部５１は、釘によって布基礎１１上面に固定されるようになっており、固定部５１には、釘が貫通可能な貫通孔５１Ａが複数形成されている。
連結部５２は、略水平方向に開口する断面Ｖ字状の折曲部５２Ａを１つ有した折曲構造とされている。この折曲部５２Ａの山側には連結部５２の長手方向に沿う溝５２Ｂが形成されている。また、連結部５２は、格子状に形成されており、格子の多数の孔が通気用孔５２Ｃとなっている。この通気用孔５２Ｃは、鼠等の小動物や、ある程度大きな虫等が通れない程度の大きさとされている。
当接部５３は、固定部５１の連結部５２からの延出方向と略反対方向に向かって連結部５２から延出している。
水切り部５４は、略平板状に形成され、その下端が内側に若干折り返しされて折り返し部５４Ａが形成されている。
このような床下換気部材５０は、詳細は後述するが、ユニット式建物１０の布基礎１１上に、水切り部５４が連結部５２よりもユニット式建物１０外側に配置された状態で設置される。ここで、水切り部５４の当接部５３からの突出長さは、ユニット式建物１０外側から見たときに、水切り部５４で連結部５２が覆われて見えない程度の長さに予め設定されており、これによりユニット式建物１０の外観を良好にできるようになる。
【００２０】
本実施形態では、上述した床下換気部材５０を用いて、以下のように、ユニット式建物１０を建築する。
まず、建物ユニット２０Ａ，２０Ｂ、および床下換気部材５０を工場で製作した後、建築現場に運搬する。
建築現場では、布基礎１１を施工した後、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを布基礎１１上に設置する前に、図４に示すように、まず、床下換気部材５０を釘によって布基礎１１上面に固定する。ここで、床下換気部材５０の固定部５１の連結部５２に沿う端縁が、布基礎１１のユニット式建物１０外側の端縁１１Ａ（本発明の基礎の建物外側縁）上に略位置し、かつ固定部５１がユニット式建物１０外側から内側に向かって連結部５２から延びるように、床下換気部材５０を配置する。なお、図中の符号３１は、外壁材４７を短辺床梁４３Ａに取り付けるための外壁用ブラケットであり、この外壁用ブラケット３１は、断面略Ｌ字状に形成され、外壁材４７の下端縁を支持する水平部３１Ａと、短辺床梁４３Ａに取り付けられる垂直部３１Ｂとを有している。
【００２１】
床下換気部材５０を布基礎１１上に配置した後、床下換気部材５０の当接部５３上面に、たとえば合成樹脂と発泡材とを混合した発泡シール材５５を設置する。なお、この発泡シール材５５を、建築現場で設置せずに、たとえば工場で床下換気部材５０を製作する際に予め設置しておいてもよい。このような場合、粘着性の高い発泡シール材５５を用いる際には、剥離紙で表面を保護しておき、建築現場で剥離紙をはがして使用するようにすればよい。
【００２２】
この後、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの柱脚接合部材４６下面を支持する支持部材３２を、布基礎１１上に設置する。なお、支持部材３２としては、予め所定高さ寸法を有するスペーサ等から形成したものでもよく、または、ユニット式建物１０においてたとえばアンカー工法を採用する場合には、建築現場で布基礎１１上に設置した枠体内にグラウト材等の水硬性材を注ぎ込んだものであってもよく、要するに、布基礎１１と１階建物ユニット２０Ａとの間に介装され、かつこれら布基礎１１および１階建物ユニット２０Ａ間に所定間隔の隙間を形成するような支持部材３２であればよい。
【００２３】
上述のように、発泡シール材５５および支持部材３２を所定位置に設置した後、１階建物ユニット２０Ａをクレーン等で吊り上げて、上方から布基礎１１上に設置する。
ここで、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを上方から布基礎１１上に下降させると、まず、床下換気部材５０の発泡シール材５５上面に、１階建物ユニット２０Ａ下面（本実施形態では、外壁材４７の下端面）が当接し、発泡シール材５５が圧縮される。なお、外壁材４７の下端面には、当該下端面の長手方向に沿って位置ずれ防止溝４７Ａが形成されており、発泡シール材５５が外壁材４７の下端面に圧縮されると位置ずれ防止溝４７Ａ内に若干入り込んで位置ずれが生じないようになっている（図５参照）。
【００２４】
１階建物ユニット２０Ａをさらに下降させると、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの重みにより、床下換気部材５０の連結部５２の折曲部５２Ａが弾性変形し、床下換気部材５０の当接部５３が押し下げられ、図５に示すように、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを支持部材３２上面に設置することが可能となる。
ここで、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを支持部材３２上面に設置した状態において、床下換気部材５０の水切り部５４の上端縁、すなわち当接部５３のユニット式建物１０外側の端縁の位置と、外壁材４７のユニット式建物１０外側の下端縁４７Ｂ（本発明の建物本体の建物外側縁）の位置とが略一致するように、かつ、当接部５３がユニット式建物１０外側から内側に向かって水切り部５４から延びるように、床下換気部材５０の寸法が設定されている。これにより、外壁材４７表面を伝う水滴が外壁材４７の下端面まで回り込むことなく、水切り部５４を伝って地面に流下するようになる。
このようにして、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを布基礎１１上に配置した後、１階建物ユニット２０Ａ上に２階建物ユニット２０Ｂを配置して建物本体１２を構成し、この後、屋根１３を形成する。
【００２５】
上述のような本実施形態によれば、次のような効果がある。
本実施形態では、固定部５１、連結部５２、当接部５３、および水切り部５４を有する床下換気部材５０を用いているので、１つの床下換気部材５０を、布基礎１１および１階建物ユニット２０Ａ間にセットするだけで、連結部５２では通気用孔５２Ｃによって床下空間の換気が可能となるとともに、水切り部５４では１階建物ユニット２０Ａの外壁材４７の表面を伝って下端にまで達した水滴等を布基礎１１側に回り込ませることなく、地面に流下させることができる。
従って、従来と異なって、床下換気用のパイプ材および水切り部材の両方を用いずに、１つの床下換気部材５０を用いるだけで換気および水切りの効果が得られるから、部品点数を削減できてコストダウンが図れる。また、２種類の部材を別々にユニット式建物１０に取り付ける必要がないから、作業効率を良好にできる。
さらに、連結部５２は変形可能に形成されているから、布基礎１１および１階建物ユニット２０Ａ間に形成される隙間の寸法の大きさが建物ごとに異なっていても、連結部５２が変形することでその寸法差を吸収できる。従って、１種類の床下換気部材５０で、様々な建物に対応でき、コストダウンが図れる。
【００２６】
床下換気部材５０の連結部５２を格子状としたので、連結部５２の剛性を他の部分（固定部５１および当接部５３）よりも低くできて、連結部５２を変形しやすくできる。これにより、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを布基礎１１上に設置する際、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの重みで連結部５２が簡単に変形するようになるから、床下換気部材５０を布基礎１１と１階建物ユニット２０Ａとの間に挟み込むように設置しても、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの設置精度に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。
また、連結部５２の格子の多数の孔を通気用孔５２Ｃとして利用しているので、通気用孔５２Ｃを別途形成しなくても、床下換気部材５０の形成も容易となる。
【００２７】
床下換気部材５０の連結部５２を折曲部５２Ａを有する折曲構造としたので、折曲部５２Ａに応力が集中しやすくなって連結部５２を変形しやすくなる。これにより、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを布基礎１１上に設置する際、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの重みで連結部５２が簡単に変形するようになるので、床下換気部材５０を布基礎１１と１階建物ユニット２０Ａとの間に挟み込むように設置しても、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの設置精度に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。
【００２８】
床下換気部材５０の固定部５１の連結部５２に沿う端縁が、布基礎１１のユニット式建物１０外側の端縁１１Ａ上に略位置し、かつ固定部５１がユニット式建物１０外側から内側に向かって連結部５２から延びるように、床下換気部材５０を配置しているので、外部に露出される布基礎１１の上面部分を非常に少なくでき、布基礎１１の劣化を防止できる。
【００２９】
床下換気部材５０の水切り部５４の上端縁、すなわち当接部５３のユニット式建物１０外側の端縁の位置と、外壁材４７のユニット式建物１０外側の下端縁４７Ｂの位置とが略一致するように、かつ、当接部５３がユニット式建物１０外側から内側に向かって水切り部５４から延びるように、床下換気部材５０の寸法が設定されているから、水切り部５４を布基礎１１からユニット式建物１０外側方向にできるだけ離れた位置に配置でき、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの外壁材４７表面を伝う水滴が布基礎１１に回り込むのを確実に防止できる。
【００３０】
床下換気部材５０の当接部５３上面に発泡シール材５５を設けたので、発泡シール材５５を介して１階建物ユニット２０Ａ下面と当接部５３上面とを密着させることができ、１階建物ユニット２０Ａと当接部５３との間に隙間が生じるのを防ぐことができる。従って、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの外壁材４７表面を伝って下端にまで達した水滴が１階建物ユニット２０Ａ下面と当接部５３との間に浸入することなく、水切り部５４によって確実に地面に流下させることができる。
特に、本実施形態では、シール材として発泡シール材５５を用いたので、シール材のかさが増え、布基礎１１と１階建物ユニット２０Ａとの間の隙間が若干大きくても当接部５３上面と１階建物ユニット２０Ａ下面とを確実に密着させることができる。また、発泡シール材５５は圧縮可能なので、１階建物ユニット２０Ａで発泡シール材５５を押圧した際に、発泡シール材５５が押し出されてはみ出るのを防止でき、外観を良好にできる。
【００３１】
本実施形態では、床下換気部材５０を釘によって布基礎１１上面に固定しているから、床下換気部材５０の布基礎１１への固定作業を簡単にできる。
【００３２】
外壁材４７の下端面には、当該下端面の長手方向に沿って位置ずれ防止溝４７Ａが形成されているため、発泡シール材５５が外壁材４７の下端面に圧縮されると位置ずれ防止溝４７Ａ内に若干入り込むことにより、発泡シール材５５の位置ずれを防止できる。
【００３３】
本実施形態では、複数の建物ユニット２０Ａ，２０Ｂを含んで構成されたユニット式建物１０を採用しているので、建築現場での作業が大幅に削減され、建築工事を短期間で完了できる。
【００３４】
図６には、本発明に係る第２実施形態が示されている。本実施形態は、前述の第１実施形態において、床下換気部材５０が折曲構造を有する連結部５２と略平板状の水切り部５４とを備えていたのを、床下換気部材が折曲構造を有しない連結部と装飾溝を有する水切り部とを備えるようにしたものである。
すなわち、図６において、床下換気部材６０は、固定部５１、連結部６２、当接部５３、および水切り部６４を備えている。
このうち、連結部６２は、略平板状の格子に形成され、格子の多数の孔が通気用孔５２Ｃとなっている。また、水切り部６４には、折曲されることによって、長手方向に沿う装飾溝６４Ｂが形成されている。
このような本実施形態においても、前述の第１実施形態と同様の作用・効果が得られる他、連結部６２を単なる略平板状の格子から形成したので、形成が容易になるとともに、水切り部６４に装飾溝６４Ｂを形成したので、外観が良好となる。なお、連結部６２の略中央に、図中の一点鎖線で示すような床下換気部材６０の長手方向に沿う溝６２Ｂを形成し、その部分で連結部６２が折曲・変形しやすくするようにしてもよい。
【００３５】
図７には、本発明に係る第３実施形態が示されている。本実施形態は、前述の第１実施形態において、床下換気部材５０が途中で折曲されて変形する連結部５２と略平板状の水切り部５４とを備えていたのを、床下換気部材が固定部および当接部とそれぞれ連続する両端部分が変形する連結部と装飾溝を有する水切り部とを備えるようにしたものである。
すなわち、図７において、床下換気部材７０は、固定部５１、連結部７２、当接部５３、および水切り部７４を備えている。
このうち、連結部７２は、略平板状の格子に形成され、格子の多数の孔が通気用孔５２Ｃとなっている。ここで、固定部５１と連結部７２とがなす角度、および当接部５３と連結部７２とがなす角度は、鋭角となっている。なお、本実施形態では、床下換気部材７０は、布基礎１１および１階建物ユニット２０Ａ間に設置する前において、固定部５１と当接部５３とが平行に配置されていない。
また、水切り部６４には、折曲されることによって、長手方向に沿う装飾溝６４Ｂが形成されている。
このような構成では、１階建物ユニット２０Ａを布基礎１１上に下降させると、１階建物ユニット２０Ａ下面が当接部５３に当接し、さらに下降させると、連結部７２の上下端縁７２Ａ，７２Ｂが変形、すなわち、固定部５１と連結部７２とがなす角部、および当接部５３と連結部７２とがなす角部がその角度を狭める方向に変形することとなり、１階建物ユニット２０Ａの設置、および床下換気部材７０の装着が完了する。
このような本実施形態においても、前述の第１実施形態と同様の作用・効果が得られる他、連結部７２を単に略平板状の格子から形成したので、形成が容易になるとともに、水切り部７４に装飾溝７４Ｂを形成したので、外観が良好となる。
【００３６】
なお、本発明は前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的を達成できる範囲での変形、改良は、本発明に含まれるものである。
たとえば、シール材としては、発泡シール材に限らず、発泡材を含まない合成樹脂等であってもよい。
また、固定部としては、基礎上に釘で固定されるものに限らず、接着剤やボルト等によって固定されるものであってもよい。
連結部としては、１つの折曲部を有するものに限らず多数の折曲部を有するものであってもよく、断面Ｓ字状の折曲部を有するものであってもよく、また、格子状に限らず、面材にパンチ等によって多数の通気用孔が形成されたものであってもよい。
床下換気部材としては、金属製のものに限らず、樹脂製のものであってもよい。
建物としては、一般在来工法、またはパネル工法で建築される建物や、鉄骨軸組構造、ＲＣ構造を有する建物等であってもよく、要するに、基礎と、この基礎上に設置される建物本体との間に所定の隙間が形成される建物であればよい。
【００３７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、次のような効果が得られる。
請求項１に記載の床下換気部材によれば、１つの床下換気部材を用いるだけで換気および水切りの効果が得られるから、部品点数を削減できてコストダウンが図れる。また、２種類の部材を別々に建物に取り付ける必要がないから、作業効率を良好にできる。また、連結部を変形可能に形成しているから、建物本体および基礎間に形成される隙間の寸法の大きさが建物ごとに異なっていても、連結部が変形することでその寸法差を吸収でき、１種類の床下換気部材で様々な建物に対応でき、コストダウンが図ることができるという効果がある。
【００３８】
請求項２に記載の床下換気部材によれば、床下換気部材の連結部を格子状とすることで連結部を変形しやすくしたので、床下換気部材を基礎と建物本体との間に挟み込んで建物本体を基礎上に設置するときに設置精度に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、また、格子の多数の孔を通気用孔として利用したので、通気用孔を別途形成しなくても、床下換気部材の形成も容易にできるという効果がある。
【００３９】
請求項３に記載の床下換気部材によれば、連結部を折曲部を有する折曲構造として連結部を変形しやすくしたので、床下換気部材を基礎と建物本体との間に挟み込んで建物本体を基礎上に設置するときに、その設置精度に悪影響を及ぼさないようにできるという効果がある。
【００４０】
請求項４に記載の床下換気部材によれば、連結部が、基礎の建物外側縁近傍に配置され、固定部が、連結部の下端縁から延出するとともに、基礎上面に沿って建物内側へ延びる板状に形成されているので、外部に露出される基礎の上面部分を非常に少なくでき、基礎の劣化を防止できるという効果がある。
【００４１】
請求項５に記載の床下換気部材によれば、水切り部が、建物本体の建物外側縁近傍に配置され、当接部が、水切り部の上端縁から延出するとともに、建物本体下面に沿って建物内側へ延びる板状に形成されているので、水切り部を基礎から建物外側方向にできるだけ離れた位置に配置でき、建物本体の外側表面を伝う水滴が基礎に回り込むのを確実に防止できるという効果がある。
【００４２】
前記床下換気部材によれば、当接部の上面にはシール材が設けられているから、シール材を介して建物本体下面と当接部とを密着させることができ、建物本体の外側表面を伝って下端にまで達した水滴が、建物本体下面と当接部との間に浸入することなく、水切り部によって地面に流下するようになるという効果がある。
【００４３】
前記床下換気部材によれば、固定部は釘により前記基礎上面に固定されているため、床下換気部材の基礎への固定作業を簡単にできるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１実施形態に係るユニット式建物を模式的に示す全体斜視図である。
【図２】前記実施形態における建物ユニットを示す斜視図である。
【図３】前記実施形態における床下換気部材を示す拡大斜視図である。
【図４】前記実施形態における作用を説明するための断面図である。
【図５】図１のV−V線に沿う断面図である。
【図６】本発明に係る第２実施形態の要部を示す断面図である。
【図７】本発明に係る第３実施形態の要部を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ユニット式建物
１１基礎である布基礎
１１Ａ基礎の建物外側縁である端縁
１２建物本体
４７Ｂ建物本体の建物外側縁である下端縁
５０，６０，７０床下換気部材
５１固定部
５２，６２，７２連結部
５２Ａ折曲部
５２Ｃ通気用孔
５３当接部
５４，６４，７４水切り部
５５シール材である発泡シール材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present inventionFor unit buildingsUnderfloor ventilation memberAnd unit buildingsIn detail, it is installed in the gap between the foundation and the building body.For unit buildingsUnderfloor ventilation memberAnd unit buildingsAbout.
[0002]
[Background]
Conventionally, a unit type building constructed by connecting a plurality of box-shaped building units manufactured in a factory at a construction site is known.
As a building unit constituting this unit type building, one having a box-shaped frame in which upper and lower ends of pillars at four corners are connected by a ceiling beam and a floor beam is generally used. The frame has a ceiling surface material supported by the ceiling beam, an interior material such as a floor surface material supported by the floor beam and a partition wall partitioning the room, and an exterior material such as an outer wall formed of lightweight cellular concrete. It is assembled with.
According to such a unit-type building, after the building unit is manufactured by performing the installation work of the interior material and the outer wall material on the box-shaped frame in the factory, the building unit is simply transported to the work site and connected. Since the building is completed, the work on the construction site is greatly reduced, and there is an advantage that the construction work can be completed in a short period of time.
[0003]
By the way, the building unit is generally installed on the foundation via support members that support a plurality of locations (for example, four corners) on the lower surface, and a predetermined interval is provided between the lower surface of the building unit and the upper surface of the foundation. A gap will be formed. It is known to ventilate the space under the floor using this gap (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-171704, etc. by the present applicant).
In the above publication, first, a net-like pipe material made of synthetic resin is installed on the upper surface of the foundation, and then the pipe material is sandwiched between the upper surface of the foundation and the lower surface of the building unit when the building unit is installed on the foundation. Thus, it is disclosed that the pipe material is interposed in the gap between the foundation and the building unit. In such a configuration, the underfloor space can be ventilated by a large number of holes in the net of the pipe material, and small animals such as rats and insects can be prevented from entering by the net-like pipe material.
[0004]
On the other hand, in general buildings including the unit type buildings as described above, water droplets attached to the outer wall material during rain or the like may reach the lower end edge along the surface of the outer wall material and may wrap around to the foundation side. For this reason, a water draining member is attached along the lower edge of the outer wall material, and the water droplet transmitted along the outer wall surface is transmitted to the water draining member to flow down to the ground, thereby preventing the water droplet from flowing to the base side. .
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described building, when both the pipe member interposed between the foundation and the building unit and the draining member attached to the outer wall material are used, the work is attached to the building. In addition, there is a problem that the number of parts increases and it is difficult to reduce the cost.
[0006]
The objective of this invention is providing the underfloor ventilation member which can aim at favorable work efficiency, can reduce a number of parts, and can aim at cost reduction.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  Of the present inventionFor unit buildingsThe underfloor ventilation member will be described with reference to the drawings.In addition, a plurality of building units 20 are combined and built.Building body 12Building unit 20A gap of a predetermined interval is formed between the underfloor ventilation members 50, 60, and 70 installed in the gap, and the fixed portion 51 fixed to the upper surface of the foundation, and the buildingUnit 20A contact portion 53 that is in contact with the lower surface; connecting portions 52, 62, and 72 that connect and deform the fixed portion and the contact portion; and a draining portion 54 that protrudes downward from the contact portion. 64, 74, the connecting portion is formed with a vent hole 52C for communicating the underfloor space of the building and the outside, the draining portion is disposed outside the building 10 than the connecting portion, andA sealing material 55 is provided on the upper surface of the contact portion.It is characterized by this.
[0008]
In such a configuration, with the fixed portion of the underfloor ventilation member fixed to the upper surface of the foundation, if the building body is lowered from above to the foundation, the abutting portion of the underfloor ventilation member comes into contact with the lower surface of the building body, The connecting portion is deformed by the weight of the building body. As a result, the underfloor ventilation member is interposed between the foundation and the building body in a state where the fixing part is in close contact with the upper surface of the foundation and the abutting part is in close contact with the lower surface of the building body. The connecting part in which is formed is arranged, and a draining part is installed on the lower surface of the building main body.
Buildings composed of foundations and building bodies are not limited to unit-type buildings consisting of a plurality of building units, but include buildings built by the general conventional method or panel method, steel frame structures, and RC structures. This includes buildings that you have.
In this way, by simply setting one underfloor ventilation member according to the present invention between the building main body and the foundation, ventilation of the underfloor space is possible by the ventilation hole at the connecting portion, and the outside of the building main body at the draining portion. Water drops that reach the lower end along the surface (for example, the surface of the outer wall material) can be allowed to flow down to the ground without being circulated to the foundation side. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the effect of ventilation and draining can be obtained by using only one underfloor ventilation member without using both pipe material and draining member for underfloor ventilation, so the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Can be planned. Moreover, since it is not necessary to attach two types of members to a building separately, work efficiency can be made favorable.
Furthermore, since the connecting part is formed to be deformable, even if the size of the gap formed between the building body and the foundation differs for each building, the connecting part is deformed to absorb the difference in dimensions. it can. Therefore, one type of underfloor ventilation member can be used for various buildings, and cost can be reduced.
Moreover, since the draining part is arrange | positioned on the building outer side rather than the connection part, a connection part can be made hard to see from the building outer side by the draining part, and an external appearance can be made favorable.
[0009]
In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, it is preferable that the connecting portion is formed in a lattice shape, and the ventilation holes are a large number of holes in the lattice.
In this way, in the underfloor ventilation member, by forming the connecting portion in a lattice shape, the rigidity of the connecting portion can be made lower than that of other portions, and the connecting portion can be easily deformed. As a result, when installing the building body on the foundation, the connecting part easily deforms due to the weight of the building body, so when installing the underfloor ventilation member so as to be sandwiched between the foundation and the building body, Does not adversely affect the installation accuracy of the building body.
In addition, since a large number of holes in the lattice are used as ventilation holes, a large number of ventilation holes can be provided in the connecting portion without forming a ventilation hole separately, and an underfloor ventilation member can be easily formed. It becomes.
[0010]
In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, it is preferable that the connecting portion has a bent structure having at least one bent portion 52A having a substantially V-shaped cross section that opens in a substantially horizontal direction.
In this way, stress concentrates on the bent portion, so that the connecting portion can be easily deformed. As a result, when installing the building body on the foundation, the connecting part easily deforms due to the weight of the building body, so when installing the underfloor ventilation member so as to be sandwiched between the foundation and the building body, Does not adversely affect the installation accuracy of the building body.
[0011]
In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, the connecting portion is disposed in the vicinity of the foundation outer edge 11A of the foundation, and the fixing portion extends from the lower end edge of the connecting portion, and extends along the upper surface of the foundation. It is desirable to form in the shape of a plate extending to the back.
In this way, since the upper surface portion of the foundation exposed to the outside becomes very small, deterioration of the foundation can be prevented.
[0012]
In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, the draining portion is disposed in the vicinity of the building outer edge 47B of the building main body, and the contact portion extends from the upper end edge of the draining portion and extends along the lower surface of the building main body. It is desirable to be formed in the shape of a plate that extends to the inside of the building.
If it does in this way, since the draining part can be arrange | positioned in the position away as much as possible to the building outer side from the foundation, it will become possible to prevent reliably that the water droplet which propagates the outer surface of a building main body wraps around to the foundation.
[0013]
  In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, a sealing material 55 may be provided on the upper surface of the contact portion.is necessary. In this way, when the building main body is placed on the foundation, the lower surface of the building main body and the sealing material on the upper surface of the abutting portion are in close contact with each other, so that a gap is hardly generated between the abutting portion and the lower surface of the building main body. . As a result, water drops that reach the lower end through the outer surface of the building main body (for example, the surface of the outer wall material) do not enter between the lower surface of the building main body and the contact portion, and flow down to the ground by the draining portion. Become. Accordingly, it is possible to reliably prevent water droplets or the like from reaching the base side. In particular, when foamed sealing material is used as the sealing material, the bulk of the sealing material increases, so even if the gap between the foundation and the building body is slightly large, the upper surface of the abutment part and the lower surface of the building body are securely adhered. Can be made. In addition, since the foam seal material is compressible, when the foam seal material is pressed by the building body, the foam seal material can be prevented from being pushed out and protruded, and the appearance can be improved.
[0014]
  In the underfloor ventilation member of the present invention, it is preferable that the fixing portion is fixed to the upper surface of the foundation by a nail. Thus, since the fixing portion is fixed to the upper surface of the foundation by the nail, the fixing work of the underfloor ventilation member to the foundation can be simplified.
  In addition, also in the unit type building of this invention, the effect similar to the underfloor ventilation member of the said this invention is achieved.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, first to third embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a unit building 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The unit building 10 includes a fabric foundation 11, a building body 12 formed on the cloth foundation 11, and a roof 13 formed on the building body 12.
Among these, the building main body 12 includes a first-floor building unit 20A disposed on the cloth foundation 11, and a second-floor building unit 20B disposed on the first-floor building unit 20A.
Further, on the outer peripheral side of the unit type building 10, an underfloor ventilation member 50 is interposed between the fabric foundation 11 and the first floor building unit 20A, and the underfloor ventilation member 50 is substantially disposed on the outer periphery of the unit type building 10. A plurality are arranged along. The underfloor ventilation member 50 will be described in detail later.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2, the building units 20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B include a box-shaped frame 40 having a ceiling beam 42 and a floor beam 43 that connect upper and lower ends of pillars 41 at four corners. Among these, the column 41 and the ceiling beam 42 are connected via a column head joint member 45 disposed on the column head side of the column 41, and the column 41 and the floor beam 43 are disposed on the column leg side of the column 41. The column base joint members 46 are connected to each other.
There are two types of ceiling beams 42, short-side ceiling beams 42A and long-side ceiling beams 42B having different lengths, and floor beams 43 are short-side floor beams 43A and long-side floor beams 43B having different lengths. Two types are provided. Further, a ceiling beam for supporting the ceiling surface material is bridged between the long side ceiling beams 42B facing each other (not shown), and a floor is formed between the long side floor beams 43B facing each other. A plurality of joists for supporting a floor material such as a particle board are bridged (not shown).
[0017]
Out of these building units 20A and 20B, an outer wall material made of, for example, an ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete) plate is attached to a building unit arranged outside the unit building 10. Specifically, referring to FIG. 2, in the building units 20A and 20B arranged at the corners of the unit type building 10, as shown by the two-dot chain line in the drawing, An outer wall member 47 and a girder side outer wall member 48 are provided, and a corner outer wall member 49 having an L-shaped cross section is provided at a corner between the end side outer wall member 47 and the girder side outer wall member 48. .
[0018]
Next, the underfloor ventilation member 50 will be described in detail.
In FIG. 3, the underfloor ventilation member 50 is formed by bending a band-shaped metal plate along the longitudinal direction thereof, a substantially flat fixing portion 51 attached to the upper surface of the fabric base 11, and the fixing portion. 51, a connecting portion 52 rising from one end edge of the connecting portion 52, a substantially flat contact portion 53 extending substantially parallel to the fixing portion 51 from the upper end edge of the connecting portion 52, and the connecting portion 52 of the contacting portion 53 continuous with the connecting portion 52. And a draining portion 54 that protrudes downward from the opposite edge. The fixing part 51, the connecting part 52, the contact part 53, and the draining part 54 are integrally formed.
[0019]
The fixing portion 51 is fixed to the upper surface of the fabric base 11 by a nail, and the fixing portion 51 has a plurality of through holes 51A through which the nail can pass.
The connecting portion 52 has a bent structure having one bent portion 52A having a V-shaped cross section that opens in a substantially horizontal direction. A groove 52B along the longitudinal direction of the connecting portion 52 is formed on the mountain side of the bent portion 52A. Further, the connecting portion 52 is formed in a lattice shape, and a large number of holes in the lattice serve as vent holes 52C. The vent hole 52C has such a size that a small animal such as a moth or a large insect cannot pass therethrough.
The contact portion 53 extends from the connecting portion 52 in a direction substantially opposite to the extending direction of the fixed portion 51 from the connecting portion 52.
The draining portion 54 is formed in a substantially flat plate shape, and its lower end is slightly folded inward to form a folded portion 54A.
As will be described in detail later, the underfloor ventilation member 50 is installed on the fabric foundation 11 of the unit type building 10 in a state where the draining portion 54 is arranged outside the unit type building 10 with respect to the connecting portion 52. Here, the protruding length of the draining portion 54 from the contact portion 53 is set in advance to such a length that the connecting portion 52 is not covered with the draining portion 54 when viewed from the outside of the unit building 10. Thus, the appearance of the unit type building 10 can be improved.
[0020]
In the present embodiment, the unit building 10 is constructed using the underfloor ventilation member 50 described above as follows.
First, the building units 20A and 20B and the underfloor ventilation member 50 are manufactured in a factory and then transported to a building site.
At the construction site, after installing the fabric foundation 11 and before installing the first-floor building unit 20A on the fabric foundation 11, first, the underfloor ventilation member 50 is fixed to the upper surface of the fabric foundation 11 with nails as shown in FIG. To do. Here, the edge along the connection part 52 of the fixed part 51 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is substantially located on the edge 11A (the building outer edge of the foundation of the present invention) outside the unit type building 10 of the fabric foundation 11, And the underfloor ventilation member 50 is arrange | positioned so that the fixing | fixed part 51 may extend from the connection part 52 toward inner side from the unit type building 10 inside. Reference numeral 31 in the drawing is an outer wall bracket for attaching the outer wall member 47 to the short side floor beam 43A. The outer wall bracket 31 is formed in a substantially L-shaped cross section and has a lower end edge of the outer wall member 47. And a vertical portion 31B attached to the short side floor beam 43A.
[0021]
After the underfloor ventilation member 50 is disposed on the fabric foundation 11, a foam seal material 55, for example, a mixture of synthetic resin and foam material is installed on the upper surface of the contact portion 53 of the underfloor ventilation member 50. In addition, you may install this foaming sealing material 55 beforehand, for example, when manufacturing the underfloor ventilation member 50 in a factory, without installing in a construction site. In such a case, when using the highly sticky foam sealing material 55, the surface may be protected with release paper, and the release paper may be peeled off at the construction site.
[0022]
Thereafter, the support member 32 that supports the lower surface of the column base joint member 46 of the first-floor building unit 20 </ b> A is installed on the fabric foundation 11. The support member 32 may be formed in advance from a spacer having a predetermined height or the like, or when the anchor method is employed in the unit type building 10, for example, installed on the cloth foundation 11 at the construction site. In this case, a hydraulic material such as grout material may be poured into the frame body. In short, it is interposed between the fabric foundation 11 and the first-floor building unit 20A, and the cloth foundation 11 and the first-floor building unit. Any support member 32 may be used as long as a predetermined gap is formed between 20A.
[0023]
As described above, after the foam sealant 55 and the support member 32 are installed at predetermined positions, the first-floor building unit 20A is lifted by a crane or the like and installed on the fabric foundation 11 from above.
Here, when the first-floor building unit 20A is lowered onto the fabric foundation 11 from above, first, the lower surface of the first-floor building unit 20A (on the outer wall material 47 in the present embodiment, on the upper surface of the foam sealant 55 of the underfloor ventilation member 50). The lower end surface) comes into contact, and the foamed sealing material 55 is compressed. The lower end surface of the outer wall material 47 is formed with a misregistration prevention groove 47A along the longitudinal direction of the lower end surface. When the foamed sealing material 55 is compressed to the lower end surface of the outer wall material 47, the misalignment prevention is achieved. It slightly enters into the groove 47A so as not to be displaced (see FIG. 5).
[0024]
When the first floor building unit 20A is further lowered, the bent portion 52A of the connecting portion 52 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is elastically deformed by the weight of the first floor building unit 20A, and the contact portion 53 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is pushed down. As shown in FIG. 5, the first floor building unit 20 </ b> A can be installed on the upper surface of the support member 32.
Here, in the state where the first floor building unit 20A is installed on the upper surface of the support member 32, the upper edge of the draining portion 54 of the underfloor ventilation member 50, that is, the position of the outer edge of the unit building 10 of the abutting portion 53, and the outer wall The position of the lower end edge 47B of the material 47 on the outside of the unit building 10 (the building outer edge of the building body of the present invention) substantially coincides, and the abutting portion 53 faces from the outside of the unit building 10 to the inside. The size of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is set so as to extend from the draining portion 54. As a result, water droplets traveling on the surface of the outer wall material 47 flow down to the ground through the draining portion 54 without flowing around to the lower end surface of the outer wall material 47.
In this way, after the first-floor building unit 20A is arranged on the fabric foundation 11, the second-floor building unit 20B is arranged on the first-floor building unit 20A to form the building body 12, and then the roof 13 is formed. To do.
[0025]
According to this embodiment as described above, the following effects are obtained.
In the present embodiment, since the underfloor ventilation member 50 having the fixing portion 51, the connecting portion 52, the abutment portion 53, and the draining portion 54 is used, the single underfloor ventilation member 50 is replaced with the cloth foundation 11 and the first floor building unit. Just by setting between 20A, the underfloor space can be ventilated by the vent hole 52C in the connecting portion 52, and the draining portion 54 reaches the lower end along the surface of the outer wall material 47 of the first floor building unit 20A. Water droplets or the like can flow down to the ground without causing the cloth foundation 11 to wrap around.
Accordingly, unlike the conventional case, the effect of ventilation and draining can be obtained by using only one underfloor ventilation member 50 without using both the pipe material and draining member for underfloor ventilation, so the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. You can go down. Moreover, since it is not necessary to attach two types of members to the unit type building 10 separately, work efficiency can be made favorable.
Further, since the connecting portion 52 is formed to be deformable, the connecting portion 52 is deformed even if the size of the gap formed between the fabric foundation 11 and the first-floor building unit 20A is different for each building. The dimensional difference can be absorbed. Therefore, one type of underfloor ventilation member 50 can be used for various buildings, and cost can be reduced.
[0026]
Since the connecting portion 52 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is formed in a lattice shape, the rigidity of the connecting portion 52 can be made lower than that of the other portions (the fixed portion 51 and the contact portion 53), and the connecting portion 52 can be easily deformed. Accordingly, when the first floor building unit 20A is installed on the fabric foundation 11, the connecting portion 52 is easily deformed by the weight of the first floor building unit 20A, so that the underfloor ventilation member 50 is connected to the fabric foundation 11 and the first floor. Even if it is installed so as to be sandwiched between the building unit 20A, the installation accuracy of the first-floor building unit 20A will not be adversely affected.
In addition, since a large number of holes in the lattice of the connecting portion 52 are used as the vent holes 52C, the formation of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is facilitated without forming the vent holes 52C separately.
[0027]
Since the connecting portion 52 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 has a bent structure having the bent portion 52A, stress is easily concentrated on the bent portion 52A, and the connecting portion 52 is easily deformed. As a result, when the first floor building unit 20A is installed on the fabric foundation 11, the connecting portion 52 is easily deformed by the weight of the first floor building unit 20A, so that the underfloor ventilation member 50 is connected to the fabric foundation 11 and the first floor. Even if it is installed so as to be sandwiched between the building unit 20A, the installation accuracy of the first-floor building unit 20A will not be adversely affected.
[0028]
The edge along the connection part 52 of the fixed part 51 of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is located substantially on the edge 11A outside the unit type building 10 of the fabric foundation 11, and the fixing part 51 extends from the outside of the unit type building 10 to the inside. Since the underfloor ventilation member 50 is disposed so as to extend from the connecting portion 52 toward the outside, the upper surface portion of the fabric foundation 11 exposed to the outside can be extremely reduced, and deterioration of the fabric foundation 11 can be prevented.
[0029]
The position of the upper edge of the draining portion 54 of the underfloor ventilation member 50, that is, the position of the outer edge of the unit building 10 of the abutment 53, and the position of the lower edge 47B of the outer wall material 47 outside the unit building 10 substantially coincide. In addition, since the size of the underfloor ventilation member 50 is set so that the contact portion 53 extends from the draining portion 54 from the outside to the inside of the unit type building 10, the draining portion 54 is united from the fabric foundation 11. It can arrange | position in the position away as much as possible in the outward direction of the type | formula building 10, and it can prevent reliably that the water droplet which propagates the outer wall material 47 surface of the 1st floor building unit 20A wraps around the cloth foundation 11. FIG.
[0030]
Since the foam seal material 55 is provided on the upper surface of the contact portion 53 of the underfloor ventilation member 50, the lower surface of the first floor building unit 20A and the upper surface of the contact portion 53 can be brought into close contact with each other via the foam seal material 55. It is possible to prevent a gap from being generated between the unit 20A and the contact portion 53. Accordingly, water drops that reach the lower end through the surface of the outer wall material 47 of the first-floor building unit 20A do not enter between the lower surface of the first-floor building unit 20A and the abutting portion 53, and are surely put on the ground by the draining portion 54. Can flow down.
In particular, in the present embodiment, since the foamed sealing material 55 is used as the sealing material, the bulk of the sealing material is increased, and even if the gap between the fabric foundation 11 and the first floor building unit 20A is slightly large, the upper surface of the contact portion 53 And the lower surface of the first-floor building unit 20A can be securely adhered to each other. Moreover, since the foaming sealing material 55 can be compressed, when the foaming sealing material 55 is pressed by the first-floor building unit 20A, the foaming sealing material 55 can be prevented from being pushed out, and the appearance can be improved.
[0031]
In this embodiment, since the underfloor ventilation member 50 is fixed to the upper surface of the fabric foundation 11 with nails, the fixing work of the underfloor ventilation member 50 to the cloth foundation 11 can be simplified.
[0032]
Since the lower end surface of the outer wall material 47 is formed with a misregistration prevention groove 47A along the longitudinal direction of the lower end surface, when the foamed sealing material 55 is compressed to the lower end surface of the outer wall material 47, the misregistration prevention groove is formed. By slightly entering 47A, the positional deviation of the foamed sealing material 55 can be prevented.
[0033]
In this embodiment, since the unit type building 10 comprised including the some building units 20A and 20B is employ | adopted, the operation | work in a construction site is reduced significantly and a construction work can be completed in a short period of time.
[0034]
FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment according to the present invention. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the underfloor ventilation member 50 includes the connecting portion 52 having the bent structure and the substantially flat draining portion 54, and the underfloor ventilation member has the bent structure. A connection portion not provided and a draining portion having a decorative groove are provided.
That is, in FIG. 6, the underfloor ventilation member 60 includes a fixing portion 51, a connecting portion 62, a contact portion 53, and a draining portion 64.
Among these, the connecting portion 62 is formed in a substantially flat lattice, and a large number of holes in the lattice serve as vent holes 52C. In addition, the draining portion 64 is formed with a decorative groove 64B along the longitudinal direction by being bent.
In this embodiment as well, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the connecting portion 62 is formed from a simple substantially flat lattice, so that the formation becomes easy and the draining portion Since the decorative groove 64B is formed in 64, the appearance is good. In addition, a groove 62B along the longitudinal direction of the underfloor ventilation member 60 as shown by a one-dot chain line in the figure is formed in the approximate center of the connecting portion 62 so that the connecting portion 62 can be easily bent and deformed at that portion. May be.
[0035]
FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the underfloor ventilation member is fixed in the first embodiment described above, wherein the underfloor ventilation member 50 is provided with the connecting portion 52 and the substantially flat draining portion 54 that are bent and deformed in the middle. And a contact part and a connecting part in which both end parts continuous with each other and a draining part having a decorative groove are provided.
That is, in FIG. 7, the underfloor ventilation member 70 includes a fixed portion 51, a connecting portion 72, a contact portion 53, and a draining portion 74.
Among these, the connecting portion 72 is formed in a substantially flat lattice, and a large number of holes in the lattice serve as vent holes 52C. Here, the angle formed between the fixed portion 51 and the connecting portion 72 and the angle formed between the contact portion 53 and the connecting portion 72 are acute angles. In the present embodiment, before the underfloor ventilation member 70 is installed between the fabric foundation 11 and the first floor building unit 20A, the fixed portion 51 and the contact portion 53 are not arranged in parallel.
In addition, the draining portion 64 is formed with a decorative groove 64B along the longitudinal direction by being bent.
In such a configuration, when the first-floor building unit 20A is lowered onto the fabric foundation 11, the lower surface of the first-floor building unit 20A is brought into contact with the contact portion 53, and when further lowered, the upper and lower edges 72A, 72A, 72B is deformed, that is, the corner portion formed by the fixed portion 51 and the connecting portion 72 and the corner portion formed by the contact portion 53 and the connecting portion 72 are deformed in a direction of narrowing the angle, and the first floor building unit 20A. Installation of the underfloor ventilation member 70 is completed.
In this embodiment as well, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the connecting portion 72 is simply formed from a substantially flat lattice, so that the formation becomes easy and the draining portion Since the decorative groove 74B is formed in 74, the appearance is good.
[0036]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications and improvements within a scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.
For example, the sealing material is not limited to the foaming sealing material, and may be a synthetic resin that does not include the foaming material.
Moreover, as a fixing | fixed part, it is not restricted to what is fixed on a foundation with a nail, You may fix with an adhesive agent, a volt | bolt, etc.
The connecting portion is not limited to one having a single bent portion, and may have a large number of bent portions, may have a bent portion having an S-shaped cross section, and may be a lattice. Not limited to the shape, a large number of ventilation holes may be formed in the face material by punches or the like.
The underfloor ventilation member is not limited to a metal member, and may be a resin member.
The building may be a building constructed by a general conventional method or a panel method, a steel frame structure, a building having an RC structure, etc. In short, the foundation and the building main body installed on this foundation What is necessary is just a building in which a predetermined clearance gap is formed between.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
According to the underfloor ventilation member of the first aspect, since the effect of ventilation and draining can be obtained by using only one underfloor ventilation member, the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Moreover, since it is not necessary to attach two types of members to a building separately, work efficiency can be made favorable. In addition, because the connecting part is formed to be deformable, even if the size of the gap formed between the building body and the foundation differs from building to building, the connecting part is deformed to absorb the difference in dimensions. It is possible to cope with various buildings with one kind of underfloor ventilation member, and the cost can be reduced.
[0038]
According to the underfloor ventilation member according to claim 2, since the connecting portion of the underfloor ventilation member is formed in a lattice shape so that the connecting portion is easily deformed, the underfloor ventilation member is sandwiched between the foundation and the building body. When installing the main body on the foundation, the installation accuracy is not adversely affected, and since many holes in the grid are used as ventilation holes, it is not necessary to separately form ventilation holes. There is an effect that it can be formed easily.
[0039]
According to the underfloor ventilation member according to claim 3, since the connecting portion is easily bent and has a bent structure, the underfloor ventilation member is sandwiched between the foundation and the building main body. When installing on the foundation, there is an effect that the installation accuracy can be prevented from being adversely affected.
[0040]
According to the underfloor ventilation member according to claim 4, the connecting portion is disposed in the vicinity of the outer edge of the foundation building, the fixing portion extends from the lower end edge of the connecting portion, and extends toward the inside of the building along the upper surface of the foundation. Since it is formed in an extending plate shape, the upper surface portion of the foundation exposed to the outside can be extremely reduced, and the foundation can be prevented from deteriorating.
[0041]
According to the underfloor ventilation member according to claim 5, the draining portion is disposed in the vicinity of the building outer edge of the building body, the abutting portion extends from the upper edge of the draining portion, and along the lower surface of the building body. Since it is formed in a plate shape that extends to the inside of the building, the draining part can be placed as far away as possible from the foundation in the direction of the outside of the building, and it is possible to reliably prevent water droplets traveling on the outside surface of the building body from flowing around the foundation There is.
[0042]
  SaidAccording to the underfloor ventilation member, since the sealing material is provided on the upper surface of the abutting portion, the lower surface of the building body and the abutting portion can be brought into close contact with each other via the sealing material, and are transmitted along the outer surface of the building body. Thus, the water droplets reaching the lower end flow down to the ground by the draining part without entering between the lower surface of the building main body and the contact part.
[0043]
  SaidAccording to the underfloor ventilation member, since the fixing portion is fixed to the upper surface of the foundation by the nail, there is an effect that it is possible to easily fix the underfloor ventilation member to the foundation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view schematically showing a unit type building according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a building unit in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing an underfloor ventilation member in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation in the embodiment.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a third embodiment according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Unit type building
11 Fabric foundation that is the foundation
11A Edge that is the outer edge of the building
12 Building body
47B Lower edge, which is the outer edge of the building
50, 60, 70 Underfloor ventilation member
51 fixed part
52, 62, 72 connecting part
52A bending part
52C Ventilation hole
53 Contact part
54, 64, 74 Drainer
55 Foam sealing material which is sealing material

Claims

Foundation and a gap of a predetermined distance between the plurality of building units bound is built building body of the building unit while being placed on the foundation is formed, a floor ventilation member to be installed in the gap A fixing portion fixed to the upper surface of the foundation, an abutting portion abutting on the lower surface of the building unit , a connecting portion connecting the fixing portion and the abutting portion and deformable, and the abutting portion A draining portion protruding downward from the connection portion, the connecting portion is formed with a vent hole communicating the underfloor space of the building and the outside, and the draining portion is arranged outside the building from the connecting portion , And the underfloor ventilation member for unit type buildings characterized by the sealing material being provided in the upper surface of the said contact part .

In floor ventilation member according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion is formed in a lattice shape, the vent hole is under-floor ventilation member for unitary building, which is a large number of holes of the grid.

The underfloor ventilation member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connecting portion has a bent structure having a bent portion having a substantially V-shaped cross section that opens in a substantially horizontal direction. Underfloor ventilation unit for unit type buildings .

The underfloor ventilation member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting portion is disposed in the vicinity of an outer edge of the foundation building, and the fixing portion extends from a lower end edge of the connecting portion. An underfloor ventilation member for a unit type building, wherein the underfloor ventilation member is formed in a plate shape extending inward of the building along the upper surface of the foundation.

The underfloor ventilation member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the draining portion is disposed in the vicinity of a building outer edge of the building body, and the contact portion extends from an upper end edge of the draining portion. And an underfloor ventilation member for a unit type building, wherein the underfloor ventilation member is formed in a plate shape extending inward of the building along the lower surface of the building body.

A foundation, a building body installed on the foundation and constructed by combining a plurality of building units, and underfloor ventilation installed in a gap of a predetermined distance formed between the building unit of the building body and the foundation The underfloor ventilation member includes a fixed portion fixed to the upper surface of the foundation, an abutting portion abutted against the lower surface of the building unit, and the fixed portion and the abutting portion. And a deformable connecting portion and a draining portion projecting downward from the abutting portion, and the connecting portion is formed with a vent hole communicating the underfloor space of the building and the outside. The unit drained building is characterized in that the draining portion is disposed outside the building with respect to the connecting portion, and a sealing material is provided on an upper surface of the contact portion .

7. The unit type building according to claim 6 , wherein a misalignment prevention groove is formed in a portion of the lower surface of the building main body that is in contact with the sealing material .