JP7497539B1 - 光電変換素子の製造方法およびタンデム型太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換素子の製造方法およびタンデム型太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
保管工程は、前記第1電極層と、前記光電変換層と、前記光電変換層上に形成された前記キャリア輸送層の少なくとも一部または全部と、を含む中間体を、大気雰囲気中、遮光された状態で、かつ、下記式(1)で表される指標が110以上490以下の範囲となる条件で保管する工程である。
ただし、Aは、Cs、CH4N2、CH3NH2、C2H5NH2、C3H7NH2またはC4H9NH2のうちの一種または2種以上のイオンを含み、Bは、PbまたはSnのうちの一種または2種であり、Xは、F、Cl、Br、IまたはAtのうちの一種または2種以上である。
指標=雰囲気中の水蒸気量(g/m3)×保管時間(h) …(1)
図1に、第1の実施形態の製造方法により製造される光電変換素子の一例を示す。図1に示す光電変換素子10は、一つの光電変換層を備えたシングル型太陽電池とも呼ばれるもので、基板16上に、第1電極層11、第1キャリア輸送層12、光電変換層13、第2キャリア輸送層14、第2電極層15が積層されている。第1電極層11と第2電極層15は、陽極または陰極となって電気が取り出される。第2電極層15は、金属電極層と透明電極層の一方または両方を含むものである。なお、第2電極層は、光電変換層13の成膜後に成膜される電極層である。
指標=雰囲気中の水蒸気量(g/m3)×保管時間(h) …(1)
また、透明電極層15aはガスバリア性が高い材料であるため、透明電極層15aを備える状態で保管工程を行うと、水分が透明電極層15aにブロックされてペロブスカイト層に十分に作用しないと考えられる。よって、透明電極層の積層前に保管工程を行うことで、好適に光電変換層13の光電変換率が向上する効果を得られる。
図5に、第2の実施形態の製造方法により製造される光電変換素子の一例を示す。図5に示す光電変換素子よりなるタンデム型太陽電池20は、2つの光電変換層を備えたタンデム型太陽電池とも呼ばれるもので、第1電極層27上に、第1光電変換層26、中間層21、第1キャリア輸送層22、第2光電変換層23、第2キャリア輸送層24、第2電極層25が積層されて構成されている。第1電極層27と第2電極層25は、陽極または陰極となり電気が取り出される。また、第2電極層25は、透明電極層25aと金属電極層25bとから構成されている。第2電極層は、第2光電変換層23の成膜後に成膜される電極層である。
図2に示すように、厚さ1.1mmのガラス製の基板16上に、スパッタリング法により厚さ100nmのITOよりなる第1電極層、塗布法により極薄のカルバゾールを含む共重合体よりなる第1キャリア輸送層、塗布法によりABX3で表されるペロブスカイト化合物よりなる厚さ600nmの光電変換層、真空蒸着法により厚さ20nmのフラーレンC60よりなる第2キャリア輸送層の一部、を順次形成した。ペロブスカイト化合物において、AはCs、FA、MAとし、BはPbとし、XはI、Brとした。このようにしてシングル型太陽電池の中間体1を製造した。
図6に示すように、第1電極層は銀とし、厚さ300μmの単結晶シリコン太陽電池(第1光電変換層)の上面にスパッタリング法により厚さ100nmのITOよりなる中間層、塗布法により極薄のカルバゾールを含む共重合体よりなる第1キャリア輸送層、塗布法によりABX3で表されるペロブスカイト化合物よりなる厚さ600nmの第2光電変換層、真空蒸着法により厚さ20nmのフラーレンC60よりなる第2キャリア輸送層を順次形成した。ペロブスカイト化合物において、AはCs、FA、MAとし、BはPbとし、XはI、Brとした。このようにしてタンデム型太陽電池の中間体2を製造した。
また、比較例として、保管工程を行わなかったこと以外は中間体2と同様にして、中間体3を製造した。
更に、中間体2については、第2キャリア輸送層の上に、原子層堆積法により厚さ20nmのスズ酸化物とスパッタリング法により厚さ100nmのITOよりなる透明電極層および蒸着法により厚さ1μmの銀よりなる金属電極層(第2電極層)を順次形成して、タンデム型太陽電池とした。
タンデム太陽電池におけるシリコン層の光電変換効率を、次のようにして計算した。
Claims (4)
- 少なくとも、第1電極層と、一般式ABX3で表されるペロブスカイト化合物を含む光電変換層と、キャリア輸送層と、第2電極層とがこの順に配置されている光電変換素子の製造方法であって、
前記第1電極層と、前記光電変換層と、前記光電変換層上に形成された前記キャリア輸送層の少なくとも一部または全部と、を含む中間体を、大気雰囲気中、遮光された状態で、かつ、下記式(1)で表される指標が110以上490以下の範囲となる条件で保管する保管工程を含む、光電変換素子の製造方法。
ただし、Aは、Cs、CH4N2、CH3NH2、C2H5NH2、C3H7NH2またはC4H9NH2のうちの一種または2種以上のイオンを含み、Bは、PbまたはSnのうちの一種または2種であり、Xは、F、Cl、Br、IまたはAtのうちの一種または2種以上である。
指標=雰囲気中の水蒸気量(g/m3)×保管時間(h) …(1) - 少なくとも、第1電極層と、シリコン層を含む第1光電変換層と、中間層と、一般式ABX3で表されるペロブスカイト化合物を含む第2光電変換層と、キャリア輸送層と、第2電極層と、がこの順に配置されているタンデム型太陽電池の製造方法であって、
前記第1電極層と、前記第1光電変換層と、前記中間層と、前記第2光電変換層と、前記第2光電変換層上に形成された前記キャリア輸送層の少なくとも一部または全部と、を含む中間体を、大気雰囲気中、遮光された状態で、かつ、下記式(1)で表される指標が110以上490以下の範囲となる条件で保管する保管工程を含む、タンデム型太陽電池の製造方法。
ただし、Aは、Cs、CH4N2、CH3NH2、C2H5NH2、C3H7NH2またはC4H9NH2のうちの一種または2種以上のイオンを含み、Bは、PbまたはSnのうちの一種または2種であり、Xは、F、Cl、Br、IまたはAtのうちの一種または2種以上である。
指標=雰囲気中の水蒸気量(g/m3)×保管時間(h) …(1) - 前記保管工程において、雰囲気中の水蒸気量を1~10(g/m3)の範囲とする、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。
- 前記保管工程において、雰囲気中の水蒸気量を1~10(g/m3)の範囲とする、請求項2に記載のタンデム型太陽電池の製造方法。
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CN105789451A (zh) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种钙钛矿晶体薄膜及其水蒸汽退火制备方法与应用 |
WO2022244413A1 (ja) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-24 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 太陽電池および太陽電池の製造方法 |
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