JP7497089B2 - Constituent unit of concrete formwork device, method for transporting concrete formwork device, method for constructing concrete formwork device, and method for dismantling concrete formwork device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a concrete formwork device for forming lining concrete for a tunnel. In particular, the present invention relates to component units of the concrete formwork device, a method for transporting the concrete formwork device, a method for constructing the concrete formwork device, and a method for dismantling the concrete formwork device.

For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose construction methods that use a concrete formwork device to efficiently pour tunnel lining concrete.

JP 2009-209657 A JP 2014-202040 A JP 2020-176400 A

The techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 3 refer to the efficient pouring of tunnel lining concrete. However, it is difficult to say that the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 3 aim to improve the efficiency of tunnel construction work, including not only pouring the lining concrete, but also processes such as transporting the components of the concrete formwork device into the tunnel. For example, in transporting the components of the concrete formwork device to the tunnel construction site, conventionally, components of the same shape are bundled together and transported to a position near the planned location for construction of the concrete formwork device, and lowered onto the ground at that position. Then, on the ground, various components are assembled to form larger components. The concrete formwork device is then constructed using those components.

Therefore, even within a narrow tunnel, a large area is occupied by material storage and assembly areas. In addition, a temporary storage area for assembled components is also required. This means that traffic and movement of work vehicles and workers within the tunnel will be restricted for long periods of time. As a result, the construction period for the tunnel will be longer.

In the component unit of the concrete formwork device of the present invention, a component unit of the concrete formwork device supports a form for molding the tunnel lining concrete on the upper part of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a plurality of girders erected between the upper parts of the side walls, and is characterized in that the plurality of girders include girders that support scaffolding erected between the upper parts of the side walls between adjacent girders in the extension direction of the tunnel in a manner that allows it to be raised and lowered .

In the component unit of the concrete formwork device of the present invention, a form for molding the lining concrete of the tunnel is supported on the top of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a plurality of girders erected between the upper parts of the side walls, the plurality of girders including girders without scaffolding erected between the upper parts of the side walls between adjacent girders in the extension direction of the tunnel, and girders supporting the scaffolding in a manner that allows it to be raised and lowered and rotatable, and the girders without scaffolding and the girders supporting the scaffolding in a manner that allows it to be raised and lowered and rotatable are arranged adjacent to each other in the extension direction of the tunnel.

In the method for transporting a concrete formwork apparatus of the present invention, in the method for transporting a concrete formwork apparatus using the above-mentioned component unit , the girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be raised and lowered and the girder that does not have a scaffolding are stacked on top of the girder that supports the scaffolding so that they can be raised and lowered and the girder that does not have a scaffolding are loaded onto the bed of a truck and transported so that they extend in the same direction .

In the method for constructing a concrete formwork device of the present invention, in the method for constructing a concrete formwork device using the above-described component unit , the girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be raised and lowered and the girder that does not have a scaffolding are moved between the upper parts of both side walls so that they extend in the same direction while a girder that does not have a scaffolding is stacked on top of a girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be raised and lowered and the girder that does not have a scaffolding are then erected, the scaffolding is expanded so as to be erected between the upper parts of both side walls, and the girder that does not have a scaffolding is erected in an adjacent position between the upper parts of both side walls in the extension direction of the tunnel .

The method for dismantling a concrete formwork apparatus of the present invention, which uses the above-described component unit , is characterized in that, between the upper parts of both side walls, a girder that supports the scaffolding in a descent-rotatable manner and a girder without the scaffolding erected at an adjacent position in the extension direction of the tunnel are stacked on top of the girder that supports the scaffolding in a descent-rotatable manner so that they extend in the same direction, and then the scaffolding erected between the upper parts of both side walls is stored, and the girder that supports the scaffolding in a descent-rotatable manner and the girder without the scaffolding are moved from between the upper parts of both side walls so that they extend in the same direction with the girder without the scaffolding stacked on top of the girder that supports the scaffolding in a descent-rotatable manner.

This invention has the effect of shortening the construction period for tunnel construction.

FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view showing a concrete formwork device of a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the concrete formwork apparatus of FIG. 1 . FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view showing the state of FIG. 3 . FIG. 4 is a front view showing the assembled state of the gantry, main beam, etc. FIG. 6 is a side view showing the state of FIG. 5 . FIG. FIG. FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram showing an arrangement of wall members. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing wall members, girders, main beams, etc. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the base beam, main beam, sub-beam, central scaffolding, etc. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which a component unit consisting of leg members, beam members, etc. to be installed at a first position is loaded onto a first truck. 13 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 12 as viewed from a position different from that of FIG. 12 . 14 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 12, seen from a position different from that of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13. 13 is a perspective view showing a state in which a component unit consisting of leg members, beam members, etc. to be installed at a second position is loaded onto a second truck. FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 15 as viewed from a position different from that of FIG. 15 . 13 is a perspective view showing a component unit consisting of leg members, beam members, etc. to be installed at a third position, loaded onto a third truck. FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 17 as viewed from a position different from that of FIG. 17 . 13 is a perspective view showing a component unit consisting of leg members, beam members, etc., to be installed at a fourth position, loaded onto a fourth truck. FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 19 as viewed from a position different from that of FIG. 19 . An oblique view showing the state in which a component unit consisting of a central scaffolding, a main beam, a sub-beam, etc. is loaded onto a fifth truck. 22 is a perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 21 as viewed from a different direction than FIG. 21 . FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the component unit of FIG. 21 . FIG. 22 is a front view of the component unit of FIG. 21 . FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the state in which a component unit consisting of two central scaffoldings and four base beams, a main beam, a sub beam, etc. is loaded onto a sixth truck. 13A to 13F are simplified diagrams showing the assembly process of leg members and girder members. 13A to 13D are simplified diagrams showing the assembly process of the base beam, main beam, and sub-beam. FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view showing a concrete formwork device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the assembled state of components such as leg members, girders, and a central scaffold. FIG. FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which a component unit consisting of leg members, beam members, etc. is loaded onto a truck. 32 ] A perspective view of the girder and central scaffolding of FIG. 30 from a different direction than FIG. 32 . FIG. 31 is a front view of the girder and central platform of FIG. A side view showing the state in which the stacked beams are installed between the upper surfaces of the wall members. FIG. 13 is a side view showing the central scaffolding deployed. 13(a) to 13(f) are simplified diagrams showing the girder assembly process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First Embodiment
First, the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 27. The first embodiment is suitable for implementation in a tunnel with a large cross section.

<Configuration of the concrete formwork device 11 and method for pouring lining concrete C>
The configuration of the concrete formwork device (hereinafter referred to as formwork device) 11 and the method of pouring the lining concrete C will be described mainly with reference to Figs. 1 to 11.

As shown in Figure 1, the formwork device 11 for forming the lining concrete C is supported on a pair of parallel rails R on the ground S of the tunnel TN, on the left and right, so as to be movable along the extension direction of the tunnel TN. In this embodiment, the left and right direction in Figure 1, which is the width direction of the tunnel TN, is defined as left and right. Also, the left and right direction in Figure 2, which is the extension direction of the tunnel TN, is defined as the front and rear direction. In this case, the entrance side of the tunnel TN is defined as the front, and the back side is defined as the rear.

As shown in FIG. 1, the formwork device 11 is equipped with a gantry 12. The gantry 12 is equipped with equipment legs 13 as a pair of left and right side walls, and four front and rear girders 14 that are long in the left and right direction and constitute a bridge section that is erected between the upper ends of the equipment legs 13. Each girder 14 is spaced apart from each other in the tunnel extension direction. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11, the equipment legs 13 are composed of side walls 15 that extend in one direction, the tunnel extension direction, and leg feet 16 that are provided at the lower part of both the front and rear ends of the left and right side walls 15. The left and right side walls 15 are each composed of a pair of wall members 151 that are long in the tunnel extension direction and are connected front and rear. The lower ends of the leg feet 16 are provided with wheels 17 that roll on the rails R.

As shown in Figures 1 and 9, two larger internal stays 18 and two smaller external stays 19 are provided on each of the left and right sides of the wall member 151. These stays 18, 19 are located at the bottom of each beam 14 and, together with the wall member 151, bear the load from the beam 14. As shown in Figures 9, 10, and 12, the internal stays 18 are supported by the wall member 151 via hinges 23 and can be rotated between a protruding position where they protrude from the wall member 151 and bear the load, and a folded position along the wall member 151. Note that Figure 10 shows the internal stays 18 in a folded state, but when the beam 14 is erected, the internal stays 18 are positioned from the folded position to the protruding position, except for the internal stays 18 in the part of the outrigger jack 37 described below.

As shown in Figures 1 and 12, side scaffolding 20 for construction workers is provided on the upper outer surface of the wall member 151. Between the front and rear beams 14, and between the left and right wall members 151, a central scaffolding 22 is erected to form a bridge section for construction workers.

As shown in Figures 1, 10 and 11, a pair of left and right main beams 27, each long in the front-rear direction, are erected on the top surface of the girder 14 via pillars 25, 26. A base beam 29, which is long in the front-rear direction, is connected between the undersides of the left and right main beams 27 at protrusions 28 on the top surfaces of both ends. Between the left and right main beams 27, a pair of left and right sub-beams 31, each long in the front-rear direction, are connected to the top of the girder 14 and the top surface of the base beam 29 at protrusions 30 on the bottom surfaces. A number of pillars 32 are erected on the top surfaces of the sub-beams 31 at intervals from each other in the front-rear direction.

In this embodiment, the constituent members are the wall member 151, the girder 14, the main beam 27, the base beam 29, the sub-beam 31, and the central scaffolding 22.
1 and 2, top forms 33 are supported on the upper ends of the main beams 27 and the pillars 32. A total of seven top forms 33 are arranged in the front-to-rear direction. Side forms 34 are connected to both ends of each top form 33, and a lower form 35 is connected to the lower end of each side form 34. An arch-shaped overall form (hereinafter referred to as form) 36 is formed by the top forms 33, the side forms 34 and the lower forms 35.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1, lining concrete C is poured between the form 36 and the inner wall surface of the tunnel TN, and the inner surface of the lining concrete C is shaped by the form 36.

<Construction method 1 of the formwork device 11 and dismantling method>
The formwork device 11 is constructed in the following procedure.
As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 9, the left and right side walls 15 are installed in an upright state at both sides in the width direction of the tunnel TN with each pair of front and rear wall members 151 connected to each other. In this case, in this embodiment, the wall members 151 are installed from the back side of the tunnel TN in the order of the first to fourth positions P1 to P4 shown in Figure 9. At this time, outrigger jacks (hereinafter referred to as jacks) 37 are attached to the ends of the wall members 151 so as to be located at both the front and rear ends of the tunnel center side of the side walls 15. The jacks 37 are located on the ground S to assist the side walls 15 in standing up. In addition, as shown in Figure 3, auxiliary legs 38 that assist the wall members 151 in standing up together with the jacks 37 are attached to both sides of the lower end of the wall members 151.

The internal stays 18 are in a folded state until the wall member 151 is installed at the first to fourth positions P1 to P4. After the wall member 151 is installed, the internal stays 18 are rotated to the protruding position to receive the load from the upper structural material. However, when the jack 37 is attached to the wall member 151, the internal stays 18 in close proximity to the jack 37 are maintained in a folded state even after the wall member 151 is installed to avoid interference between the jack 37 and the internal stays 18. In this case, the jack 37 receives the load from the upper structural material. After the jack 37 is removed, the internal stays 18 are rotated to the protruding position.

In this embodiment, members such as the wall member 151 of the formwork device 11 are removably attached to each other using bolts (not shown) and nuts (not shown). In addition, the members constituting the jack 37, auxiliary legs 38, and connecting members (described below) are also removably attached to the components of the formwork device 11 using bolts and nuts.

Next, as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 10, a total of four girders 14 are erected between the side walls 15 made of the wall members 151 so as to be positioned on the wall members 151, the internal stays 18, the external stays 19 in the protruding position, and the jacks 37, with a distance between them in the fore-and-aft direction. Then, as shown in Figure 11, a central scaffolding 22 is erected between the left and right side walls 15 so as to be positioned between the front and rear girders 14. Next, the main beam 27 is supported on the girders 14 via the pillars 25, 26 so as to extend in the extension direction of the tunnel TN.

After that, as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 11, the base beams 29 are connected at their protrusions 28 between the undersides of the left and right main beams 27. There are a total of eight base beams 29, which extend in the width direction of the tunnel TN and are arranged at intervals in the front-to-rear direction. Next, between the main beams 27, the sub-beams 31 are supported on the girder material 14 via the protrusions 30 on their undersides. The base beams 29 are also connected to the sub-beams 31 via the protrusions 28 on their upper surfaces.

The gantry 12 is constructed as described above.
Next, as shown in Figs. 7 and 11, the pillars 32 are erected on the sub-beams 31. Then, a total of seven top forms 33 are supported on the upper ends of the pillars 32 and the upper surface of the main beam 27. After that, as shown in Fig. 8, the jacks 37 are extended. As a result, the entire formwork device 11 is raised. Then, the leg feet 16 are connected to the lower ends of the device legs 13, and the wheels 17 of the leg feet 16 are positioned on the rails R. In this state, the side forms 34 and the lower forms 35 are connected to the top forms 33. Thus, the forms 36 for forming the lining concrete C are formed. After the leg feet 16 are attached, the jacks 37 are no longer needed, so the jacks 37 are contracted, separated from the side walls 15, and then removed. At the same time, the folded internal stays 18 are positioned in a protruding position to receive the load. The auxiliary legs 38 are separated from the side walls 15 and removed at an appropriate time after the girder members 14 are erected.

When dismantling the formwork device 11, the operations are carried out in the reverse order to those during construction described above.
<Method of loading and transporting components of the formwork device 11 onto a truck>
Next, a method for loading a component unit consisting of the main components of the formwork device 11 onto a truck and a method for transporting the component unit by the truck will be described.

In this embodiment, six trucks are used to load and transport the component unit made up of the main components. These trucks are referred to as the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6.

As shown in Figures 12 to 14, one wall member 151 and one girder 14 are loaded onto the loading platform TC of the first truck TR1, and are installed in a first position P1 on one side of the inner part of the tunnel TN. In this loaded state, the wall member 151 and the girder 14 are arranged so that their length direction is along the length direction of the first truck TR1. A side scaffolding 20 is attached to the upper part of the side of the wall member 151. A jack 37 is connected to the back surface of the wall member 151. In addition, multiple auxiliary legs 38 are attached to each of the two side surfaces of the wall member 151. The wall member 151 can be erected using the jack 37 and auxiliary legs 38.

The wall member 151 is loaded so that the arm 24 is at the rear of the first truck TR1. When the wall member 151 and the girder 14 are loaded on the first truck TR1, the wall member 151 and the underside of the girder 14 are connected at multiple positions by connecting bars 52, which are metal fittings. The connecting bars 52 are longer than the total thickness (left-right dimension) of the wall member 151 and the girder 14. The internal stay 18 of the wall member 151 is held in a folded state by retaining metal fittings 53 that are bolted. The side of the external stay 19 of the wall member 151 and the upper surface of the girder 14 are connected at multiple positions by connecting metal fittings 54.

As shown in FIG. 12, the wall member 151 and the beam 14 are held in a juxtaposed state by the connecting bar 52, the retaining metal fittings 53, and the connecting metal fittings 54, and are stably loaded on the loading platform TC of the first truck TR1, extending in the fore-and-aft direction of the first truck TR1. The connecting bar 52 functions as the legs of the wall member 151 and the beam 14 that are upright on the loading platform TC.

As shown in Figures 15 and 16, one wall member 151 to be installed in the second position P2 in the tunnel TN and the girder 14 are loaded onto the second truck TR2 so that their length direction is along the length direction of the second truck TR2. In this case, the arm 24 is also placed on the rear side of the second truck TR2. In the wall member 151, the internal stay 18 is folded and the side scaffolding 20 is attached, as described above. Similarly, the jack 37 and auxiliary leg 38 are connected to the wall member 151, and the wall member 151 and the girder 14 are connected at their lower surfaces at multiple positions by the connecting bar 52 and at their upper parts by the connecting metal fittings 54.

In the second track TR2, a base beam 29 is installed on the side of the girder 14 so as to extend along the side. The base beam 29 is connected to the girder 14 at both ends by fasteners 55.

The wall member 151, the girder 14, and the base beam 29 are held in a parallel arrangement by the connecting bar 52, the connecting metal fittings 54, and the fastening metal fittings 55, and are loaded in a stable state on the loading platform TC of the second truck TR2. In this state, the wall member 151, the girder 14, and the base beam 29 extend in the fore-and-aft direction of the second truck TR2.

As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the third truck TR3 is loaded with the same combination of wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 as those loaded on the second truck TR2. Therefore, the wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 are connected using the same connecting bars 52, connecting fittings 54, and fasteners 55. However, in the third truck TR3, the wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 are loaded on the loading platform TC so that the arm 24 of the wall member 151 faces the front of the third truck TR3. Therefore, the wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 are held in a parallel arrangement on the loading platform TC and maintained in a stable state. In this state, the wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 extend in the front-rear direction of the third truck TR3.

As shown in Figures 19 and 20, in the fourth truck TR4, the same combination of wall members 151 and girder members 14 as those loaded on the first truck TR1 are connected using the same connecting bars 52 and connecting fittings 54. However, in the fourth truck TR4, the wall members 151 and girder members 14 are loaded on the loading platform TC so that the arms 24 of the wall members 151 face forward of the fourth truck TR4. Therefore, the wall members 151 and girder members 14 are held side-by-side on the loading platform TC and maintained in a stable state. In this state, the wall members 151 and girder members 14 extend in the fore-and-aft direction of the fourth truck TR4.

In this manner, a component unit consisting of the wall member 151, girder 14, and platform beam 29 is transported. When the first to fourth trucks TR1 to TR4 back into the tunnel TN, each wall member 151 is loaded onto the first to fourth trucks TR1 to TR4 in the same orientation as it will be installed in the tunnel TN.

As shown in Figures 21 to 23, in the fifth track TR5, from the bottom, a pair of sub-beams 31, a pair of main beams 27, one central scaffold 22, and a pair of base beams 29 are stacked so that their length direction is along the front-rear direction of the fifth track TR5. A pair of front and rear scaffolding boards 41 are fixed between the two sub-beams 31. Although not shown, a number of pillars 32 are placed on the upper surface of the scaffolding board 41 in a stored state, and are tied to the scaffolding board 41 by wires (not shown). In addition, a pipe 42 is supported via a chuck (not shown) on at least one of the upper and lower side surfaces of the scaffolding board 41. This pipe 42 serves as a path for pumping the lining concrete C in a slurry state. The main beams 27 are arranged sideways with their upper surfaces back to back.

The central scaffold 22 comprises a scaffold frame 44 having a plurality of windows 43 and a scaffold board 45 attached so as to cover the windows 43.
The base beam 29 is placed on the upper surface of both the left and right sides of the central scaffolding 22 in a horizontal position with its length aligned in the front-to-rear direction.

As shown in Figures 22 to 24, one connecting metal fitting 51 is installed between the upper surfaces of both sub-beams 31. A pair of width stopper fittings 59 are also installed between the upper surfaces of both sub-beams 31, and a pair of main beams 27 are back-to-back on the upper surfaces of these width stopper fittings 59 and are held between the upright pieces 48 at both ends of the width stopper fittings 59. The width stopper fittings 59 have a pair of legs on their lower surfaces, and these width stopper fittings 59 provide a vertical gap between the sub-beams 31 and the main beams 27. A pair of connecting metal fittings 58 are installed on the upper surfaces of the main beams 27, and the scaffolding frame 44 of the central scaffolding 22 is installed on the upper surfaces of these connecting metal fittings 58.

As shown in Figures 21 to 23, gripping fittings 56 are attached to both ends of the base beam 29, and these gripping fittings 56 grip both sides of the scaffolding frame 44 of the central scaffolding 22. A pair of connecting fittings 57 are attached between the left and right base beams 29 in a position close to the gripping fittings 56. The connecting fittings 57 and the gripping fittings 56 hold the base beam 29 on both sides of the central scaffolding 22. As described above, the sub-beam 31, main beam 27, central scaffolding 22 and base beam 29 are stacked in order from the bottom, and are arranged side by side with their length direction aligned with the front-to-rear direction of the fifth track TR5.

As shown in FIG. 25, the components loaded onto the sixth truck TR6 and the loading method thereof are almost the same as the loading method for the fifth truck TR5. However, in the sixth truck TR6, two central scaffoldings 22 are stacked. In addition, two pairs of platform beams 29, totaling four, are stacked on the upper central scaffolding 22. Two connecting fittings 57 between the platform beams 29 connect the two levels of platform beams 29 on each side. In addition, a tall gripping fitting 56 is used to grip the two levels of platform beams 29 on the top and bottom, as well as the two levels of central scaffolding on the top and bottom.

In this manner, the components of the formwork device 11 loaded onto the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 are transported by the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 to the construction site of the tunnel TN. The first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 enter the unloading position within the tunnel TN by backing up (backing up). The first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 then transport a component unit consisting of components such as the four wall members 151, four girders 14, four main beams 27, four sub-beams 31, and eight base beams 29.

<Method 2 of constructing the formwork device 11>
That is, the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 enter an unloading position which is near the construction position of the formwork device 11 at the tunnel construction site. Then, the components of the formwork device 11 loaded on the loading platforms TC of the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 are lifted by the crane and separated from the other components in accordance with the assembly sequence of the formwork device 11. Then, the components are transferred by the crane to the construction position of the formwork device 11 and are used for the construction of the formwork device 11.

The various fittings 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, including the connecting bar 52, are removably attached to the components using bolts and nuts. The connecting bar 52 and the various fittings 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 constitute the connecting members. When unloading the components of the formwork device 11 on the loading platforms TC of the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6, the connecting bar 52 and the various fittings 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 are removed from the components. Alternatively, the components are removed from the connecting bar 52 and the fittings 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59.

First, the first truck TR1 is moved to the unloading position. Then, the wall member 151 having the jack 37 and auxiliary legs 38 is moved to its installation position, the first position P1 at the back of the tunnel shown in Figures 9 and 26(a), and installed at the position P1. At this time, the girder 14 of the first truck TR1 is held upright by the connecting bar 52 on the loading platform TC of the first truck TR1.

Then, the first truck TR1 is retreated to the standby position, and the second truck TR2 is moved to the unloading position in its place. Then, as shown in FIG. 26(b), the wall member 151 is moved to its installation position, the second position P2 at the rear of the tunnel, and installed at that position P2. Next, the girder 14 on the second truck TR2 is erected between the wall members 151 at the first position P1 and the second position P2. Furthermore, the platform beam 29 on the second truck TR2 is temporarily placed in an erected state between the rear ends of the wall members 151.

Next, the empty second truck TR2 is retreated from the construction site, and the first truck TR1 is re-entered into the unloading position. Then, as shown in FIG. 26(c), the girder 14 remaining on the loading platform TC of the first truck TR1 is erected between the wall members 151 between the first and second positions P1 and P2.

Then, the empty first truck TR1 is retreated from the construction site. Next, the third truck TR3 is advanced to the unloading position. Then, in the same manner as above, as shown in FIG. 26(d), a wall member 151 is installed at the third position P3 and the wall member 151 is connected to the wall member 151 at the first position P1. Then, the third truck TR3 is retreated to the waiting position, and the fourth truck TR4 is advanced to the unloading position. Then, as shown in FIG. 26(e), a wall member 151 is installed at the fourth position P4 on the tunnel entrance side and the wall member 151 is connected to the wall member 151 at the second position P2.

Then, the girder 14 of the fourth truck TR4 is erected between the wall members 151 at the third position P3 and the fourth position P4. Next, the empty fourth truck TR4 is retreated from the construction site. Then, the third truck TR3 is re-entered into the unloading position, and the girder 14 remaining on the loading platform TC of the third truck TR3 is erected between the wall members 151 at the third position P3 and the fourth position P4, as shown in FIG. 26(f). In addition, the platform beam 29 remaining on the third truck TR3 is temporarily placed between the entrance end of the wall member 151.

Then, the empty third truck TR3 is retreated from the construction site.
Next, the fifth truck TR5 loaded with the component units is advanced to the unloading position. Then, as shown in Fig. 27(a), the central scaffolding 22 of the fifth truck TR5 is erected between the wall members 151 between the girder members 14 on the far side of the tunnel. A base beam 29 is placed on the central scaffolding 22. Next, the fifth truck TR5 is retreated to the standby position, and the sixth truck TR6 is advanced to the unloading position. Then, as shown in Fig. 27(b), the two central scaffoldings 22 on which the base beams 29 of the sixth truck TR6 are placed are erected in parallel between the two wall members 151 on the tunnel entrance side between the girder members 14.

Thereafter, the connecting fittings 57 between the base beams 29 on each central scaffold 22 are removed, and the base beams 29 on the central scaffold 22 are moved to predetermined positions corresponding to the assembly positions.
27(c), both main beams 27 of the sixth track TR6 are installed at the rear of the tunnel so as to extend in the front-rear direction between the front and rear beams 14. Furthermore, a sub-beam 31 is installed between the main beams 27 at the rear of the tunnel and between the front and rear beams 14.

Next, the empty sixth truck TR6 is retreated from the construction site, and the empty fifth truck TR5 is advanced to the unloading position, and the main beam 27 and the sub-beam 31 are erected between the girders 14 at the tunnel entrance side in the same manner as described above. Finally, the empty fifth truck TR5 is retreated from the tunnel construction site.

Then, as shown in FIG. 27(d), each base beam 29 is brought into the upright position shown in FIG. 11 and connected to the underside of the main beam 27 and sub-beam 31. Next, pillars 32 are erected on each sub-beam 31.

After this, the top form 33 is supported on the pillars 32 and main beam 27. Next, the gantry 12 is raised by the jacks 37, and the legs 16 with the wheels 17 are attached to the device legs 13. After this, the side forms 34 are connected to the top form 33, and the lower form 35 is connected to the side forms 34.

In this manner, the formwork device 11 can be constructed.
The dismantling of the formwork device 11 is carried out in the reverse order to the construction. That is, the sub-beams 31, main beams 27, central scaffolding 22, girder members 14, wall members 151, etc. are disassembled, and the disassembled components are arranged side by side in the disassembly order to form component units. Then, the component units are loaded onto the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 as described above and transported out of the tunnel TN.

(Effects of the First Embodiment)
This embodiment has the following advantages.
(1) The wall members 151, the girder members 14, the main beam 27, the base beam 29, the sub-beams 31, and other components constituting the formwork device 11 are loaded on the loading platform TC of the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6 in a posture along the front-rear direction of the loading platform TC. In other words, the wall members 151, the girder members 14, the main beam 27, the base beam 29, the sub-beams 31, and other components are arranged side by side with their length direction extending in the front-rear direction of the first to sixth trucks TR1 to TR6. Therefore, these components can be loaded without protruding from the loading platform TC by effectively utilizing the space of the loading platform TC, and the components can be easily transported by truck.

(2) When transporting the components, the wall members 151, girders 14, and base beams 29 that are loaded are connected and raised by the connecting bars 52, and the components are further connected to each other in this raised state by connecting fittings 54, etc. Therefore, the components can be transported stably by truck, and collisions between components and collapse of components can be prevented.

(3) The components are loaded onto the truck bed TC in the order and orientation required for assembly as the formwork device 11. Therefore, the components can be assembled at the required locations of the formwork device 11 simply by lifting them from the truck bed TC to the assembly position using a crane. This allows the construction of the formwork device 11 to be completed efficiently in a short time. This shortens the construction period for tunnel construction. Furthermore, when assembling the components, there is no need to temporarily place the components on the ground S or to assemble the components together on the ground S. This prevents restrictions on the passage of other work vehicles and the movement of goods.

(4) When dismantling the formwork device 11, the components can be lifted by a crane in the order in which they are disassembled and loaded onto the truck bed TC. Then, by connecting multiple components that extend in one direction in a side-by-side manner, just as during construction, the components do not become bulky and are in a stable state. And when removing the components, there is no need to temporarily place them on the ground S inside the tunnel TN, so the time that the movement of work vehicles is restricted can be shortened. As a result, the construction period for the tunnel can be shortened.

Second Embodiment
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 28 and subsequent drawings, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

<Configuration of formwork device 11>
The second embodiment is suitable for implementation in a small cross-section tunnel TN. In the formwork device 11 of this embodiment, as shown in Figures 28 and 29, the main beam 27, sub-beam 31, and base beam 29 are not provided. The columns 32 supporting the top form 33 are erected on the upper surface of the girder 14. Also, instead of the base beam 29, holding members 71 supporting the lower side of the top form 33 are provided on both end surfaces of the girder 14.

As shown in FIG. 29, in the formwork device 11 of the second embodiment, eight beams 14 are provided at narrow front-to-back intervals, and two narrow central scaffoldings 22 are installed side by side between the beams 14 and the left and right wall members 151. These central scaffoldings 22 are supported by the beams 14 as described below.

As shown in Figures 35 and 36, the girder members 14 are installed in the first to eighth positions Q1 to Q8 in order from the back of the tunnel. The girder members 14 are provided in three types: first to third girder members 14A to 14C. As shown in Figures 30, 31, and 35 (in which the first to third girder members 14A to 14C are stacked), there are four first girder members 14A, and they do not have a central scaffolding 22. There are three second girder members 14B, and the central scaffolding 22 is supported on both the front and rear sides of the girder members 14B via hinges 72 at the lower end so that it can be raised and lowered. There is one third girder member 14C, and the central scaffolding 22 is supported on one side of the girder members 14C via hinges 72 at the lower end so that it can be raised and lowered. The central scaffolding 22 is rotated downward to be placed in the erection position between the left and right wall members 151.

<Method for transporting components and method for constructing formwork device 11>
32 to 34 show the first and third girder members 14A, 14C in their transported state. In this transported state, the central scaffolding 22 of the third girder member 14C is raised up along the side of the third girder member 14C and is maintained in this state by the attachment of the retaining metal fittings 60. Furthermore, the third girder member 14C is placed on the bottom, and the first girder member 14A is placed on top of it and connected to the third girder member 14C by the attachment of the connecting metal fittings 61 so that the first girder member 14A does not fall off. The retaining metal fittings 60 and the connecting metal fittings 61 constitute a connecting member.

As shown in Figures 31 and 35, during transportation, the first girder 14A is combined with the second girder 14B and stacked on top of the second girder 14B. In this case, both central scaffoldings 22 of the second girder 14B are raised in the same manner as described above, and are maintained in that state by the retaining metal fittings 60. The upper and lower first and second girder members 14A and 14B are also connected by the connecting metal fittings 61.

The connecting fittings 61 and retaining fittings 60 are removed when the first to third girder members 14A to 14C and the central scaffolding 22 are erected between the wall members 151.
As shown in Figures 31 and 32, the combination of the first girder 14A and the second girder 14B forms a double-plate girder unit 141 having two central scaffoldings 22. The combination of the first girder 14A and the third girder 14C forms a single-plate girder unit 142 having one central scaffolding 22. Three double-plate girder units 141 and one single-plate girder unit 142 are then formed. A total of four girder units 141, 142 are each combined with one wall member 151 and transported.

Therefore, in this embodiment, four trucks TR are used to transport the girder units 141, 142 and the wall member 151. Each truck TR is loaded with one wall member 151. The first, third, and fourth trucks TR are loaded with a combination of the wall member 151 and the double-plate girder unit 141. The second truck TR is loaded with a combination of the wall member 151 and the single-plate girder unit 142.

As shown in Figures 32 to 34, when the girder units 141, 142 and the wall member 151 are transported, the wall member 151 and each girder unit 141, 142 are arranged side by side so that they are almost parallel to each other. In this state, their bottom surfaces are kept connected by attaching a connecting bar 52. In addition, the wall member 151 and the upper ends of each girder unit 141, 142 are connected by connecting fittings 54. Therefore, the wall member 151 and each girder 14A to 14C become a component unit in a side by side state and in a stable upright state. Therefore, in this embodiment, the wall member 151, the girder members 14A, 14C, and the central scaffolding 22 are the main components. When the component unit is loaded onto the bed TC of the truck TR, the wall member 151 and each girder 14A to 14C extend along the fore-and-aft direction of the truck TR. The wall member 151 and girder units 141, 142, as well as the connecting bar 52 and connecting fittings 54 that connect them, are removed when the wall member 151 and girder units 141, 142 are lowered from the loading platform TC.

When constructing the formwork device 11, first, a first truck TR carrying a double plate girder unit 141 consisting of a first girder 14A and a second girder 14B and a wall member 151 enters the tunnel TN at an unloading position. Then, as shown in FIG. 37(a), the wall member 151 is unloaded onto the ground S by a crane and installed at the first position P1 at the rear of the tunnel.

Next, the first truck TR is retreated to the standby position, and the second truck TR loaded with the veneer girder unit 142 of the first girder 14A and the third girder 14C and the wall member 151 is advanced to the unloading position. Then, as shown in FIG. 37(b), the wall member 151 is installed at the second position P2 at the back of the tunnel. Also, as shown in FIG. 35 and FIG. 36, the veneer girder unit 142 is unloaded by a crane and erected at the second position Q2 between the wall members 151. Then, the central scaffolding 22 is deployed downward and erected between the left and right wall members 151. Also, the first girder 14A is separated from the third girder 14C, and the first girder 14A is erected between the left and right wall members 151 at the first position Q1. Note that the central scaffolding 22 is omitted from the illustration of FIG. 37(a) to (f). Additionally, in Figures 30 to 36, the thicknesses of the first to third beam members 14A to 14C are exaggerated.

Then, the second empty truck TR is retreated from the construction site, and the first truck TR is again moved into the unloading position, and the double plate girder unit 141 loaded on the first truck TR is erected at the third position Q3. Then, the central scaffolding 22 on both sides is extended downward, and the first girder 14A is separated from the second girder 14B and erected at the fourth position Q4.

Next, the empty second truck TR is retreated from the construction site, and the third truck TR is advanced to the unloading position, while the wall member 151 loaded on the third truck TR is installed at the third position P3.

Then, the third truck TR is retreated to the waiting position, and the fourth truck TR is advanced to the unloading position. Then, the wall member 151 loaded on the fourth truck TR is installed at the fourth position P4, and the double plate girder unit 141 is erected at the fifth position Q5 between the wall members 151 at the third position P3 and the fourth position P4. Then, the central scaffolding 22 on both sides is extended downward, and the first girder member 14A is separated from the second girder member 14B and moved to the sixth position Q6.

Then, the empty fourth truck TR is retreated from the construction site, and the third truck TR is again advanced to the unloading position. The double plate girder unit 141 loaded on the third truck TR is then erected at the seventh position Q7. Next, the central scaffolding 22 on both sides is extended downward, and the first girder 14A is separated from the second girder 14B and erected at the eighth position Q8. The empty fourth truck TR4 is retreated from the construction site.

Thereafter, retaining members 71 for supporting the top forms 33 are attached to both left and right ends of each girder 14 .
Then, the top form 33 is supported on the upper surfaces of the girders 14A to 14C via the retaining members 71 and the pillar members 32, and then the side wall 15 consisting of the wall member 151 is raised by the jacks 37. In this state, the legs 16 are attached to the underside of the side wall 15 to form the gantry 12. Furthermore, the side forms 34 and the lower form 35 are attached to both sides of the top form 33. In this manner, the formwork device 11 is constructed.

Dismantling and removal of the formwork device 11 is carried out in the reverse order of dismantling. That is, the components such as the girders 14 and wall members 151 are disassembled, and the disassembled components are arranged side by side in the order of disassembly to form a component unit. The component unit is then loaded onto the truck TR as described above and transported away.

(Effects of the Second Embodiment)
In the second embodiment, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
In addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the second embodiment has the following effects.

(1) Even if there are eight girders 14, the girders 14 are transported in groups of two stacked on top of each other. In addition, the central scaffolding 22 is hingedly connected to the second and third girders 14B and 14C. Furthermore, the main beam 27 and sub-beam 31 are not required. Therefore, the truck TR for transporting the central scaffolding 22, main beam 27, and sub-beam 31 is not required. Therefore, the number of trucks TR for transporting the components of the formwork device 11 can be reduced.

(2) After transporting the girder units 141, 142, each of which is made up of two stacked first to third girder members 14A to 14C, they are moved directly onto the wall member 151. Therefore, the first to third girder members 14A to 14C can be transported without taking up too much space. The upper first girder member 14A is then moved to a specified position. This eliminates the need to move the girder members 14A to 14C one by one from the truck TR, reducing the burden on the crane and improving work efficiency.

(3) The first girder 14A, which is moved when the girder units 141, 142 are installed on the wall member 151, is lightweight and does not have a central scaffolding 22, making it easy to move. In addition, the single-plate girder unit 142, which is placed at the innermost part of the side wall 15 by extending the crane boom, has only one central scaffolding 22, making it lightweight. This further reduces the burden on the crane that moves the single-plate girder unit 142.

(Example of change)
The present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and can be embodied in the following forms. In this case, both embodiments and modifications can be combined with each other without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In both of the above-described embodiments, the connecting metal fittings 54 and the fastening metal fittings 55 may be replaced with ropes such as wires or chains.
- Other components of the formwork device 11, such as overhanging scaffolding installed at the front and rear positions of the formwork device 11, are separated from the wall member 151 during transportation, and are connected to the components of the first and second embodiments using connecting fittings for transportation.

- In the first and second embodiments, at least one of the wall members 151, girder members 14, central scaffolding 22, main beam 27, base beam 29, and sub-beam 31 is combined with another component member to form a component unit.

Instead of the component units of the first and second embodiments, a component unit may be made by combining at least two of the component members of the wall member 151, girder 14, central scaffolding 22, main beam 27, base beam 29, and sub-beam 31. For example, a component unit may be made by combining components different from the component units of the first and second embodiments, such as a component unit of a combination of girder 14, main beam 27, and sub-beam 31.

- The connecting bars 52 that function as legs of components such as the wall members 151 and beam members 14 in an upright state are omitted. Therefore, the components become a component unit that stands upright while connected to other components by connecting fittings 54 and fastening fittings 55. This component unit is loaded onto the loading platform TC of the truck TR and transported, similar to the component units of the first and second embodiments.

(Other technical ideas)
The technical concept grasped from the second embodiment is as follows.
(A) A concrete formwork device that supports a form for forming a tunnel lining concrete on the upper part of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel width and a plurality of girders installed between the upper parts of the side walls,
A concrete formwork device supports scaffolding that can be raised and lowered on the girder and is erected between the side walls between adjacent girder members.

In this concrete formwork device, since the scaffolding is supported by the girder material, it is only necessary to transport the girder material when constructing or dismantling the concrete formwork device. In other words, there is no need to transport the scaffolding alone. Therefore, the concrete formwork device can be constructed and dismantled efficiently in a short time. Moreover, since the scaffolding can be raised and lowered freely, it does not get in the way if the scaffolding is in an upright position during transportation when it is not being used. This allows the construction and dismantling to be carried out even more efficiently.

(B) A concrete formwork device that supports a form for forming a tunnel lining concrete on the upper part of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel width and a plurality of girders installed between the upper parts of the side walls,
A concrete formwork device in which a girder supporting a scaffolding that can be raised and lowered and is erected between the side walls between adjacent girder members and a girder member that does not have the scaffolding are arranged adjacent to each other.

In a concrete formwork device configured in this manner, the number of girders to be transported can be substantially reduced by stacking girders without scaffolding on top of girders with scaffolding. Therefore, when constructing and dismantling a concrete formwork device, the number of girders to be transported can be reduced, allowing the work of constructing and dismantling the formwork device to be carried out efficiently.

(C) In the concrete formwork device described in the technical idea (B),
A method for constructing a concrete formwork device, comprising: stacking a plurality of the girders so that they extend in the same direction and erecting them between the side walls; unfolding the scaffolding so that it is erected between the side walls; and then erecting the upper girder at another position between the side walls.

The above construction method can substantially reduce the number of girders to be transported. Therefore, when constructing and dismantling a concrete formwork device, the number of girders to be transported can be reduced, and the number of times the formwork needs to be moved between the transport truck and the construction location can be reduced, allowing construction and dismantling work to be carried out efficiently.

(D) A method for constructing a concrete formwork device as described in (C) above, in which a girder without a scaffolding is stacked on top of a girder with a scaffolding, the girders are transported onto the side wall, and then the scaffolding is deployed, after which the girder without the scaffolding is moved and placed between the girders with the scaffolding.

Therefore, a beam without a foothold can be moved between beams with a foothold with a small force.
(E) In a concrete formwork device that supports a form for molding lining concrete for a tunnel on the top of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a bridging section installed between the tops of the both side walls, a plurality of component members that constitute the concrete formwork device are aligned in one direction and connected by connecting members in an assembled installation state according to an assembly order, the connecting members comprising a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the plurality of component members comprising a plurality of first component members and a plurality of second component members that are assembled later in the assembly order than the plurality of first component members, the plurality of first component members being connected by the first connecting members to form a first component member unit, and the plurality of second component members being connected by the second connecting members to form a second component member unit, a component unit of the concrete formwork device.
(F) A component unit of a concrete formwork apparatus described in (E), wherein the first connecting member has the function of a leg for standing the multiple first component members.
(G) A component unit of a concrete formwork device described in (E), wherein the gantry comprises a central scaffolding extending in the width direction of the tunnel and erected between the upper parts of the both side walls, and a beam extending in the tunnel extension direction above the bridging section and the central scaffolding, and the plurality of first component members include the side walls and the bridging section, and the plurality of second component members include the central scaffolding and the beam.
(H) A component unit of a concrete formwork device described in any one of (E) to (G), wherein the gantry comprises a base beam extending in the width direction of the tunnel and legs having wheels at their lower ends which roll on rails, and the side walls are capable of mounting jacks which assist the side walls in erecting and can raise and lower the side walls, and the legs can be connected to their lower ends when raised by the jacks.
(I) A method for transporting a concrete formwork device that supports a form for molding a tunnel lining concrete on the top of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a bridging section erected between the tops of the both side walls, comprising: forming a first component unit by connecting a plurality of first component members among a plurality of component members extending in one direction with a first connecting member; forming a second component unit by connecting a plurality of second component members among the plurality of component members that are assembled later than the plurality of first component members with a second connecting member; transporting the first component unit while loaded on the bed of a truck so that the longitudinal direction of the plurality of first component members is along the fore-and-aft direction of the bed of the truck; and transporting the second component unit while loaded on the bed of the truck so that the longitudinal direction of the plurality of second component members is along the fore-and-aft direction of the bed of the truck.
(J) A method for constructing a concrete formwork device that supports a form for molding a tunnel lining concrete on the top of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a bridging section erected between the tops of the both side walls, the method comprising: transporting a first component unit formed by connecting a plurality of first component members among a plurality of component members extending in one direction with a first connecting member to the construction site of the tunnel; transporting a second component unit formed by connecting a plurality of second component members among the plurality of component members that are assembled later than the plurality of first component members with a second connecting member to the construction site of the tunnel; and separating the plurality of first component members from the first component unit at the construction site of the tunnel, and then separating the plurality of second component members from the second component unit to construct the concrete formwork device.
(K) A method for dismantling a concrete formwork device that supports a form for molding a tunnel lining concrete on the top of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel's width and a bridging section erected between the tops of the both side walls, the method comprising: dividing a plurality of second component members among a plurality of component members extending in one direction, and then connecting the plurality of second component members with second connecting members in the disassembly order to form a second component member unit; disassembling a plurality of first component members among the plurality of component members that are disassembled later in the disassembly order than the plurality of second component members, and then connecting the plurality of first component members with first connecting members in the disassembly order to form a first component member unit.

11...Concrete formwork device 12...Gantry 13...Device leg 15...Side wall 22...Central scaffolding 27...Main beam 29...Base beam 33...Top form 36...Form 151...Wall member 51...Connecting fitting 52...Connecting bar 53...Retaining fitting 54...Connecting fitting 55...Stopping fitting 56...Gripping fitting 57...Connecting fitting 58...Connecting fitting 59...Width stop fitting 60...Retaining fitting 61...Connecting fitting C...Covering concrete S...Ground TC...Loading platform TN...Tunnel TR...Truck

Claims (5)

A component unit of a concrete formwork device that supports a form for forming a lining concrete for a tunnel on an upper portion of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel width direction and a plurality of girders installed between the upper portions of the side walls, the component unit comprising:
The multiple girders are constituent member units of a concrete formwork device, including girders that support scaffolding erected between the upper parts of the both side walls between adjacent girders in the extension direction of the tunnel in a manner that allows them to be raised and swiveled . A component unit of a concrete formwork device that supports a form for forming a lining concrete for a tunnel on an upper portion of a gantry having side walls installed on both sides of the tunnel width direction and a plurality of girders installed between the upper portions of the side walls, the component unit comprising:
The plurality of girder members include a girder member without a scaffolding that is installed between the upper portions of the both side walls between adjacent girder members in the extension direction of the tunnel, and a girder member that supports the scaffolding so as to be able to rise and fall and rotate,
A component unit of a concrete formwork device in which a girder without a scaffolding and a girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be raised and lowered and rotated are arranged adjacent to each other in the extension direction of the tunnel. 3. A method for transporting a concrete formwork device using the component unit according to claim 2 ,
A method for transporting a concrete formwork device, in which a girder that supports the scaffolding in a manner that allows it to be raised and lowered and a girder that does not have a scaffolding are stacked on top of a girder that supports the scaffolding in a manner that allows it to be raised and lowered and a girder that does not have a scaffolding are loaded onto the bed of a truck so that they extend in the same direction, and then transported . A method for constructing a concrete formwork device using the component unit according to claim 2 ,
A method for constructing a concrete formwork device, comprising the steps of stacking a girder without a scaffolding on a girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be raised and lowered and moving the girder without the scaffolding between the upper parts of both side walls so that they extend in the same direction, and then erecting them, unfolding the scaffolding so that it is erected between the upper parts of both side walls, and erecting the girder without the scaffolding in an adjacent position between the upper parts of both side walls in the extension direction of the tunnel . 3. A method for dismantling a concrete formwork apparatus using the component unit according to claim 2 ,
A method for dismantling a concrete formwork device, comprising: stacking a girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be swiveled up and down between the upper parts of both side walls and a girder without the scaffolding erected at an adjacent position in the extension direction of the tunnel so that they extend in the same direction on the girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be swiveled up and down, and then storing the scaffolding erected between the upper parts of both side walls, and moving the girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be swiveled up and down and the girder without the scaffolding from between the upper parts of both side walls so that they extend in the same direction with the girder without the scaffolding stacked on the girder that supports the scaffolding so that it can be swiveled up and down .

Images