JP7492752B2 - 免疫療法のためのアジュバントとしてのグアナベンズ - Google Patents
免疫療法のためのアジュバントとしてのグアナベンズ Download PDFInfo
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- JP7492752B2 JP7492752B2 JP2021521951A JP2021521951A JP7492752B2 JP 7492752 B2 JP7492752 B2 JP 7492752B2 JP 2021521951 A JP2021521951 A JP 2021521951A JP 2021521951 A JP2021521951 A JP 2021521951A JP 7492752 B2 JP7492752 B2 JP 7492752B2
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Description
本発明では、以下の用語は、以下の意味を有する。
本発明は、免疫応答の調節が必要とされる疾患または病態の処置で使用するためのグアナベンズに関する。
リンパ球(たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞もしくはNK細胞)、特に腫瘍に浸潤したエフェクターリンパ球の数の増加;
リンパ球(たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞もしくはNK細胞)、特に腫瘍に浸潤したエフェクターリンパ球の活性化の増大;
リンパ球(たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞もしくはNK細胞)、特に腫瘍に浸潤したエフェクターリンパ球の適応度の増大(ここでの適応度は、上記リンパ球によるTCRにより誘発されるシグナリング、増殖、および/もしくはサイトカイン産生、および/もしくは上記リンパ球の生存として評価される);
リンパ球(たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞もしくはNK細胞)、特に腫瘍に浸潤したエフェクターリンパ球の生存もしくは残留性の増大;
免疫抑制細胞、たとえば抑制性骨髄細胞(たとえばMDSCおよび/もしくは腫瘍関連マクロファージ)、および/もしくは抑制性リンパ球(たとえばT制御性リンパ球)、特に腫瘍に浸潤した免疫抑制細胞の数の減少;
免疫抑制細胞、たとえば抑制性骨髄細胞(たとえばMDSCおよび/もしくは腫瘍関連マクロファージ)、および/もしくは抑制性リンパ球(たとえばT制御性リンパ球)、特に腫瘍に浸潤した免疫抑制細胞の活性化の減少;
免疫抑制細胞、たとえば抑制性骨髄細胞(たとえばMDSCおよび/もしくは腫瘍関連マクロファージ)、および/もしくは抑制性リンパ球(たとえばT制御性リンパ球)、特に腫瘍に浸潤した免疫抑制細胞の適応度の減少(ここでの適応度は、上記免疫抑制細胞による活性化、増殖、および/もしくはサイトカイン産生、および/もしくは上記免疫抑制細胞の生存として評価される);
免疫抑制細胞、たとえば抑制性骨髄細胞(たとえばMDSCおよび/もしくは腫瘍関連マクロファージ)、および/もしくは抑制性リンパ球(たとえばT制御性リンパ球)、特に腫瘍に浸潤した免疫抑制細胞の生存の減少;
腫瘍増殖の減少および/もしくは腫瘍の大きさの減少;ならびに/または
生存の増大。
エフェクターリンパ球、たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞、特に特異的なエフェクターリンパ球の数の増加;
エフェクターリンパ球、たとえば細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞、特に特異的なエフェクターリンパ球の活性化の増大;
抗原に特異的な抗体の量の増加。
本発明を、以下の実施例によりさらに例示する。
材料および方法
材料
マウス
TiRPマウス:TiRPマウスは、チロシナーゼプロモーターにより制御されるトランスジェニックなコンストラクトを担持するマウスとInk4a/Arfflox/floxマウスを交雑し、H-Ras12V、およびMAGE型腫瘍抗原P1AをコードするTrap1aの発現を駆動することにより、作製される;プロモーターは、flox自己欠失CreER(floxed self-deleting CreER)で作製されたストップカセットによりコドン領域から分離される(Huijbers et al., 2006, Cancer Res 66, 3278-3286)。これらマウスを、B10.D2バックグラウンドに戻し交配し、ホモ接合性となるように育てた。H-2Ld/P1A35-43に特異的なTCR導入遺伝子に対しヘテロ接合性のTCRP1Aマウスを、B10.D2;Rag1-/-バックグラウンドで保持した(Shanker et al., 2004, J Immunol 172, 5069-5077)。この試験で使用した全てのマウスは、Ludwig Institute for Cancer Researchの動物施設にて、特定病原体不在(SPF)条件下で産生された。動物の福祉に関する全ての規則は、2010/63/EUの指令に従い遵守されている。全ての手法は、現地の動物倫理委員会の承認と共に、2015/UCL/MD/15を参照して行われた。
マウスのTCRP1A CD8+T細胞:P1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、抗マウスCD8α(Ly-2)MicroBeads(Miltenyi Biotec)を使用して、TCRP1Aマウスの脾臓およびリンパ節から単離した。
in vitroでのT細胞の機能
CD107細胞傷害性アッセイ(脱顆粒アッセイ):TCRP1A CD8+T細胞を、異なる濃度のグアナベンズと共に96Uプレートでウェルあたり50,000個の細胞でプレーティングし、37℃で一晩インキュベートした後、翌日アッセイに使用した。アッセイの日に、培養上清を細胞から除去し、細胞を、完全培地で1回洗浄して薬物を除去した。標的細胞L1210-P1A-B7.1を、1:1の比率でウェルに添加した。T細胞のみまたは標的細胞のみのいずれかを含む対照ウェルもまた、各プレートに含めた。標的細胞の添加と同時に、CD107a-APCを各ウェルに添加した。次に、プレートを、37℃で90分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション期間の終了時に、細胞を回収し、PBSで1回洗浄した。これらを、抗マウスCD8-Bv421抗体で15分間染色した。次に、細胞を洗浄し、PBSに再懸濁させ、FACS Fortessaフローサイトメーターを使用して分析した。ヒトCD8+T細胞の脱顆粒を、同様の方法で評価した。CD8+T細胞の脱顆粒を誘導するために、合成のWT1126-134ペプチドと共に充填したT2細胞(106個のT2細胞を、100μmol/Lの合成ペプチドを含む200μLのOptimem培地において37℃で1時間インキュベートした)を、標的細胞として使用した。
新しい4OH-タモキシフェン溶液を、100%のエタノールおよびミネラルオイル(比率1:9)に4OH-タモキシフェン(Imaginechem)を溶解し、30分間超音波処理を行うことにより調製し、性別の一致した7週齢のTiRPマウスの首領域に皮下注射した(マウスあたり2mg/200μL)。腫瘍の外観を毎日モニタリングし、腫瘍を、1週間に3回測定した。腫瘍体積(mm3)を、以下の式:体積=幅2×長さ/2により計算した。示されるように、平均体積が400mm3、500mm3または1000mm3である際の腫瘍の大きさに基づき、腫瘍を有するTiRPマウスを無作為化した。
T細胞を、示されるように16時間~24時間グアナベンズ(10、20、または40μM)と共にインキュベートした。無作為化の日(適用できる場合はACTの日)から屠殺の日まで、マウスに、グアナベンズ(5mg/kg)またはビヒクル(PBS)の腹腔内注射を毎日行った。
養子細胞移入(ACT)のため、P1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、本明細書中上述されるTCRP1Aマウスの脾臓およびリンパ節から単離し、L-アルギニン(0.55mM, Merck)、L-アスパラギン(0.24mM, Merck)、グルタミン(1.5mM, Merck)、βメルカプトエタノール(50μM, Sigma)、50UmL-1のペニシリン、および50mg mL-1のストレプトマイシン(Life Technologies)を補充した10%のウシ胎仔血清を含むIMDM(GIBCO)において、1:2の比率(48ウェルプレートにおいてウェルあたり0.5×105個のCD8+T細胞および105個のL1210-P1A-B7.1細胞)での放射線照射した(10.000rads)L1210-P1A-B7.1細胞(Gajewski et al., 1995, J Immunol 154, 5637-5648)との共培養により、in vitroで刺激した。4日後に、TCRP1A CD8+T細胞を、Lymphoprep勾配(StemCell)で精製し、無作為化の日に、TiRP腫瘍を有するマウスにおいて、107個の生細胞を含む200μLのPBSを静脈内注射した。
T細胞の機能に及ぼすグアナベンズのin vitroでの作用
P1A抗原を発現するL1210-P1A細胞と共培養したマウスのP1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、グアナベンズと共に16時間インキュベートした。抗原認識後のT細胞の機能を、脱顆粒およびインターフェロンγ(IFNγ)の分泌を検出することにより評価した。図1A~Bに示されるように、グアナベンズを伴うマウスT細胞のインキュベーションは、T細胞の脱顆粒(図1A)およびIFNγの分泌(図1B)の両方を増大させた。同様の結果が、WT1ペプチドで瞬間適用し、グアナベンズとインキュベートした標的細胞と共培養したヒトの抗WT1 CD8+T細胞で得られた(図1C~D)。よって、図1に示される結果は、グアナベンズが、in vitroにおいてT細胞の機能を増大できることを示している。
T429.11を移植されたメラノーマモデルは、以前に、抗PD-1療法および抗CTLA4療法に応答しないことが示されていた(Zhu et al., Nature communications. Nov 10 2017;8(1):1404)。腫瘍の大きさが約1000mm3である日(1日目)から屠殺の日(6日目)まで、T429.11を移植された腫瘍を有するマウスに、グアナベンズ(5mg/kg, i.p.)またはビヒクル(PBS, i.p.)を毎日注射した。図2Aに示されるように、グアナベンズは、グアナベンズの投与が後期(1000mm3の大きさの腫瘍)で開始されたにも関わらず、抗PD-1療法および抗CTLA4療法の非存在下で、腫瘍増殖を阻害した。図2Bに示されるように、腫瘍増殖の減少は、CD8+T細胞の腫瘍浸潤の増大を伴うものであった。
TiRPは、遺伝子操作されたマウスのメラノーマモデルであり、その依るところは、メラニン形成細胞におけるH-RasG12Vの発現およびInk4A/Arfの欠失であり、これらは、タモキシフェンにより駆動されCreが介在し、P1Aと呼ばれるMAGE型の特異的な腫瘍抗原の発現を伴う。TiRPモデルは、局所的に侵襲性であり、かつ養子細胞移入(ACT)などの免疫療法に非感受性な腫瘍を特徴とする。特に、TiRPモデルは、P1A抗原に特異的な活性化したCD8+T細胞(TCRP1A CD8+T細胞)のACTに応答しない。この応答の欠損は、移入されたTCRP1A CD8+T細胞が、アポトーシスを経て、数日以内に腫瘍から消失するという事実により説明される。TiRP腫瘍の免疫耐性に寄与する主な要因の1つは、Fas/Fasリガンド軸を介した、腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)、たとえば腫瘍浸潤TCRP1A CD8+T細胞のアポトーシスを誘導できる多形核骨髄系由来サプレッサー細胞(PMN-MDSC)の腫瘍での集積である(Zhu et al., Nature communications. Nov 10 2017;8(1):1404)。
材料および方法
材料
マウス
DBA/2マウス(DBA/2 mic)およびC57BL/6Jマウスを、免疫処置の実験に使用した。
免疫処置
放射線照射したL1210-P1A-B7.1腫瘍細胞での免疫処置:DBA/2マウスに、P1A抗原を発現する100万個の放射線照射したL1210-P1A-B7.1細胞からなるワクチンを、単独または100μg(5mg/kg)のグアナベンズと共に、投与した。投与される場合、グアナベンズは、免疫処置の1時間前、および免疫処置後毎日投与された。免疫処置を受けなかったマウスは、陰性対照として含めた。
細胞内IFNγ染色:免疫処置から1週間後に、各マウスの血液および脾臓を回収した。各免疫処置したマウスの脾臓および血液由来の細胞を、10μMのOVAペプチドの存在下で、96ウェルU底プレートにおいて37℃で1時間培養した。ブレフェルジンA(10μg/mL)を各ウェルに添加し、細胞をさらに4時間インキュベートした。各マウスの免疫応答を、CD8およびIFNγに対する抗体を使用してIFNγを産生するCD8+T細胞の量を測定することにより評価した。次に、サンプルを、FACS Fortessaフローサイトメトリーにより試験した。
DBA/2マウスを、106個の放射線照射したL1210-P1A-B7.1細胞(P1AおよびB7-1を発現するL1210白血病細胞)からなるワクチンを、単独でかまたは100μg(5mg/kg)のグアナベンズと共に用いて免疫処置した。投与される際に、グアナベンズを、ワクチンの1時間前および免疫処置後毎日、投与した。免疫処置を受けなかったマウスは、陰性対照として含めた。
材料および方法
材料
マウス
性別および年齢が一致したCD57BL/6野生型マウスを、B16F10を移植したメラノーマモデルで使用した。
腫瘍の誘導およびマウスの処置
性別を一致させた7~9週齢の野生型のCD57BL/6マウスに、100万個のB16F10腫瘍細胞を皮下注射した。マウスは、腫瘍細胞の注射から1週間後の腫瘍の大きさに基づき無作為化した。腫瘍の播種から7日後に、マウスにグアナベンズ(2.5mg/kg, i.p.)またはビヒクル(PBS, i.p.)を毎日注射した。次に、グアナベンズまたはビヒクルの投与から1日後から、3日間隔で、マウスに、200μg/マウスの用量の抗PD-1抗体(BioXcell, clone RMP1-14)またはRatIgG2aアイソタイプ(clone 2A3, Bio-X-Cell)の注射(腹腔内、i.p.とも呼ばれる)を、4回行った。
PD-1阻害剤に関連するグアナベンズの腫瘍増殖に及ぼす作用を、B16F10を移植したメラノーマを有するマウスにおいて評価した。
材料および方法
材料
細胞
マウスNK細胞:マウスのNK細胞を、抗CD49b磁性ビーズを使用してマウスの脾細胞から単離した。
in vitroでのNK細胞の機能
マウスのNK細胞を、抗CD49b磁性ビーズを使用してマウスの脾細胞から単離し、放射線照射したRMA-S細胞との共インキュベーションによりin vitroで活性化させた。活性化から4日後に、これらを回収し、20μMのグアナベンズと共に、96Uプレートにおいてウェルあたり50,000個の細胞でプレーティングし、37℃で一晩インキュベートした後、翌日アッセイに使用した。アッセイの日に、培養上清を細胞から除去し、細胞を、完全培地で1回洗浄して薬物を除去した。標的細胞(RMA-S細胞)を、1:1の比率でウェルに添加した。NK細胞または標的細胞のいずれかのみを含む対照ウェルもまた、各プレートに含めた。標的細胞の添加と同時に、CD107a-APCを各ウェルに添加した。次に、プレートを、37℃で90分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション期間の終了時に、細胞を回収し、PBSで1回洗浄した。これらを、抗マウスCD49b-PE抗体で15分間染色した。次に、細胞を洗浄し、PBSに再懸濁し、FACS Fortessaフローサイトメーターを使用して分析した。
NK細胞の機能に及ぼすグアナベンズのin vitroでの作用
マウスのNK細胞を、マウスの脾細胞から単離し、放射線照射したRMA-S細胞との共インキュベーションによりin vitroで活性化させた。活性化から4日後に、NK細胞を、グアナベンズ(20μM)と共に、37℃で16時間インキュベートした。NK細胞の機能を、標的細胞(RMA-S細胞)とNK細胞の共培養の後の脱顆粒を検出することにより評価した。図10に示されるように、グアナベンズとマウスのNK細胞のインキュベーションは、NK細胞の脱顆粒を有意に増大させた。よって、図10に示される結果は、グアナベンズが、in vitroでNK細胞の機能を増大できることを示している。
アルプレノロールおよびスニチニブの作用を、グアナベンズの作用を評価するために使用した同じモデルを使用して評価した。
材料
マウス
TiRPマウス;TiRPマウスは、本明細書中上述されるように作製されている(実施例1参照)。
マウスのTCRP1A CD8+T細胞:P1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、本明細書中上述されるように単離した(実施例1参照)。
in vitroでのT細胞の機能
CD107細胞傷害性アッセイ(脱顆粒アッセイ):アッセイを、示されるように20μMのグアナベンズまたは異なる濃度のアルプレノロールまたはスニチニブを用いて、本明細書中上述のように行った(実施例1参照)。
T細胞を、示されるように20μMのグアナベンズと共に16時間インキュベートした。
T細胞を、示されるようにアルプレノロール(5または20μM)と共に16時間インキュベートした。
ACTの日から屠殺の日まで、マウスに、アルプレノロール(5mg/kg)またはビヒクル(PBS)の腹腔内注射を毎日行った。
T細胞を、示されるようにスニチニブ(0.1、0.3、0.8、2.5、または4μM)と共に、16時間インキュベートした。
ACTの日から屠殺の日まで、マウスに、スニチニブ(20mg/kg)またはビヒクル(PBS)の1日用量を、経口強制投与により投与した。
T細胞の機能に及ぼすアルプレノロールのin vitroでの作用
P1A抗原を発現するL1210-P1A細胞と共培養したマウスのP1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、アルプレノロール5μMまたは20μMと共に16時間インキュベートした。抗原認識後のT細胞の機能を、脱顆粒を検出することにより評価した。図11Aに示されるように、マウスT細胞のアルプレノロールとのインキュベーションは、対照(PBSの投与)と比較してT細胞の脱顆粒を有意に増大させなかった。
本明細書中上述されるように(実施例1参照)得られたTiRP腫瘍を有するマウスに、アルプレノロールを投与し、1000万個のP1Aに特異的な活性化したCD8+T細胞の養子細胞移入(ACT)を行った。よって、腫瘍の大きさが約500mm3である際のACTの日(0日目)から、屠殺の日(10日目)まで、アルプレノロール5mg/kg(腹腔内または手短に言うとi.p.)の注射を毎日行った。図11Bに示されるように、腫瘍増殖は、単独で行われたACT(PBSの投与に対応する対照条件)と比較して、アルプレノロールと共に行われたACTで有意に減少しなかった。結果、アルプレノロールの投与の後に、CD8+T細胞の腫瘍浸潤は増大しなかった(図11C)。これら結果は、アルプレノロールが、グアナベンズで観察される結果(図5参照)とは対照的に、養子細胞移入の治療効果を向上させないことを示している。
P1A抗原を発現するL1210-P1A細胞と共培養したマウスのP1Aに特異的な(TCRP1A)CD8+T細胞を、20μMのグアナベンズまたはスニチニブ(0.1μM、0.3μM、0.8μM、2.5μM、または4μM)と共に16時間インキュベートした。抗原認識後のT細胞の機能を、脱顆粒を検出することにより評価した。図12Aに示されるように、マウスT細胞のスニチニブとのインキュベーションは、対照(PBSの投与)と比較して、T細胞の脱顆粒を有意に増大させなかった。対照的に、マウスT細胞の20μMのグアナベンズとのインキュベーションは、対照と比較してT細胞の脱顆粒を有意に増大させた。
本明細書中上述されるように(実施例1参照)得られたTiRP腫瘍を有するマウスに、スニチニブを投与し、1000万個のP1Aに特異的な活性化したCD8+T細胞の養子細胞移入(ACT)を行った。よって、腫瘍の大きさが約500mm3である際のACTの日(0日目)から屠殺の日(10日目)まで、スニチニブ20mg/kgを毎日経口強制投与した。図12Bに示されるように、腫瘍増殖は、単独で行われたACT(PBSの投与に対応する対照条件)と比較して、スニチニブと共に行われたACTで有意に減少しなかった。結果、スニチニブの投与の後に、CD8+T細胞の腫瘍浸潤は増大しなかった(図12C)。これら結果は、スニチニブが、グアナベンズで観察される結果(図5参照)とは対照的に、養子細胞移入の治療効果を向上させないことを示している。
Claims (15)
- それを必要とする対象のがんまたは感染性疾患の処置における免疫療法で使用するための、グアナベンズを含む医薬組成物であって、処置される前記がんは卵巣がんではない、医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、免疫療法のためのアジュバントとして使用される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、免疫療法のためのコンディショニングレジメンとして使用され、コンディショニングレジメンが、免疫療法のために前記対象を前処置するための治療である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、メラノーマ、乳癌、結腸癌、腎癌、副腎皮質癌、精巣奇形腫、皮膚肉腫、線維肉腫、肺癌、腺癌、肝癌、神経膠芽腫、前立腺癌、および膵癌からなる群から選択される固形がんの処置における免疫療法で使用される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、ウイルス、細菌、真菌、または寄生原虫により引き起こされる感染性疾患の処置における免疫療法で使用される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、免疫療法の前および/または免疫療法と同時に投与される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- グアナベンズが、体重1kgあたり約0.01mg(mg/kg)~約15mg/kgの範囲の用量で投与される、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫療法が、免疫細胞の養子移入を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫細胞が、T細胞またはナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫細胞が、CAR T細胞またはCAR NK細胞である、請求項8または9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫細胞が、自家性免疫細胞である、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫細胞が、CD8+T細胞である、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫療法が、チェックポイント阻害剤を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が、ペムブロリズマブ、ニボルマブ、セミプリマブ、tislelizumab、spartalizumab、ABBV-181、およびJNJ-63723283などのPD-1の阻害剤、アベルマブ(avelumab)、アテゾリズマブ(atezolizumab)、およびデュルバルマブ(durvalumab)などのPD-L1の阻害剤、イピリムマブおよびtremelimumabなどのCTLA-4の阻害剤、ならびにそれらのいずれかの混合物を含む群から選択される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫療法が、ワクチン投与を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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