JP7487435B1 - Roof snow melting equipment using circulating water - Google Patents

Roof snow melting equipment using circulating water Download PDF

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JP7487435B1
JP7487435B1 JP2023214137A JP2023214137A JP7487435B1 JP 7487435 B1 JP7487435 B1 JP 7487435B1 JP 2023214137 A JP2023214137 A JP 2023214137A JP 2023214137 A JP2023214137 A JP 2023214137A JP 7487435 B1 JP7487435 B1 JP 7487435B1
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政寿 岡田
政和 岡田
久美 岡田
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Abstract

【課題】屋根上の雪を、既設建屋に追加施工が可能な簡便な装置で、低ランニングコストで融雪する。【解決手段】屋根瓦の上面あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の上面に塗布した撥水塗料によって降雪を谷部へ集め、谷部に貼付した断熱シートの上面に水を流すことによって谷部の雪を融雪し、融雪した後の水を貯水槽に回収し、貯水槽に回収した水を必要に応じて必要最低限に加温して循環使用することにより、既設建屋に追加施工が可能な簡便な装置で、低ランニングコストで融雪する。【選択図】図1[Problem] Snow on roofs is melted at low running costs with a simple device that can be added to existing buildings. [Solution] Snow is collected in the valleys by a water-repellent paint applied to the top surface of roof tiles or the top surface of vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section, and the snow in the valleys is melted by running water on the top surface of an insulating sheet attached to the valleys, and the water after the snow melts is collected in a water tank, and the water collected in the tank is heated as necessary to the minimum necessary and circulated for use, thereby melting snow with a simple device that can be added to existing buildings at low running costs. [Selected drawing] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、既存の瓦屋根あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根に追加施工が可能な簡便な装置で、低ランニングコストで融雪する循環流水式屋根融雪装置に関するものである。 This invention relates to a simple, circulating water-type roof snow melting device that can be added to an existing tile roof or a vertical seam metal folded-plate roof with a V-shaped cross section, and melts snow with low running costs.

降雪量の多い地域では建物の倒壊防止や落雪による事故の防止を目的として雪下ろし作業を行う必要があるが、屋根に上がって行う雪下ろし作業は作業者が屋根から転落する危険性があり、また、屋根から下した雪の捨て場所までの運搬に多大な労力が必要となるので、高齢世帯や独居世帯にとっては危険かつ身体的負担の大きな作業であり、既設建屋に追加施工が可能で導入コスト及びランニングコストが安価な屋根融雪装置が望まれる。
現有の屋根融雪装置には散水方式、電気ヒーター方式、温水方式がある。
In areas with heavy snowfall, snow removal is necessary to prevent buildings from collapsing and accidents caused by falling snow. However, removing snow from the roof involves the risk of the worker falling off the roof, and a great deal of effort is required to transport the snow that has been removed from the roof to a disposal site, making this work dangerous and physically demanding for elderly households and those living alone. Therefore, there is a demand for a roof snow-melting device that can be added to existing buildings and has low installation and running costs.
Existing roof snow melting devices include sprinkler type, electric heater type, and hot water type.

散水方式は地下水またはボイラーで加熱した温水を屋根の表面全体に散水する方式であり、融雪した後の水の全量を雨水排水路へ流出させる場合には多量の水が必要となる。地下水使用の場合には運転コストは比較的安価であるが、井戸の掘削に多大なコストが必要であり、地下水の大量使用による地盤沈下を招く場合があるのと、冬季渇水によって必要時に使用できない場合がある。また、地下水または水道水を加温して循環使用する場合には、散水する水が大気および屋根面と触れ合うことによる失熱量が大きいので、加温に必要なガス料金あるいは電気料金の高額化を招く。 The sprinkling method involves sprinkling groundwater or hot water heated in a boiler over the entire surface of the roof, and a large amount of water is required if all of the water after melting snow is to be discharged into a storm drain. When using groundwater, operating costs are relatively low, but digging wells is very costly, and using large amounts of groundwater can lead to land subsidence, and winter droughts can mean that the water cannot be used when needed. In addition, when groundwater or tap water is heated and used in circulation, a large amount of heat is lost when the sprinkled water comes into contact with the atmosphere and the roof surface, which results in high gas or electricity bills required for heating.

そして、電気ヒーター方式は金属屋根材あるいは屋根瓦の表面に絶縁被覆で覆われた電熱線を熱伝達率の高い金属製テープで貼り付け、電熱線に通電して屋根上の雪を融かす方式であり、設置後のメンテナンスは殆ど必要ないが、屋根全体に電熱線を張り巡らす必要があるので導入コストが大きく工期も長い。そして、屋根全体を温めるので必要な熱量が大きく、大気への失熱量も大きいので電気料金が高額となる。 The electric heater method involves attaching an insulating heating wire to the surface of metal roofing material or roof tiles using metal tape with high thermal conductivity, and passing electricity through the heating wire to melt the snow on the roof. It requires almost no maintenance after installation, but since the heating wire must be stretched across the entire roof, the introduction costs are high and the construction period is long. Furthermore, since the entire roof needs to be heated, a large amount of heat is required and a large amount of heat is lost to the atmosphere, resulting in high electricity bills.

また、温水方式はガスまたは灯油を燃料として、ボイラーによって加熱された不凍液を屋根内部あるいは屋根表面に張り巡らせたパイプ内を循環させることによって屋根上の雪を融かす方式であり、屋根内部にパイプを張り巡らせる場合には家の外観が変わらないというメリットがあるが、屋根の葺き替えが必要なので導入コストが大きく工期も長い。そして、屋根全体を温めるので結露が生じることと、屋根全体を温めるために必要な熱量が大きく、大気への失熱量も大きいので運転コストが高い。一方、屋根表面にパイプを張り巡らせる場合には屋根の葺き替えが必要ないので導入コストが小さく工期も短いが、屋根全体を温めるために必要な熱量が大きく、大気への失熱量も大きいので燃料代が高額となる。 The hot water method uses gas or kerosene as fuel and melts snow on the roof by circulating antifreeze heated by a boiler through pipes laid inside or on the surface of the roof. When pipes are laid inside the roof, this has the advantage that the appearance of the house does not change, but the roof needs to be re-roofed, which means high installation costs and a long construction period. Furthermore, since the entire roof is heated, condensation occurs, and a large amount of heat is needed to heat the entire roof, with a large amount of heat lost to the atmosphere, so operating costs are high. On the other hand, when pipes are laid on the surface of the roof, there is no need to re-roof the roof, so installation costs are low and the construction period is short, but a large amount of heat is needed to heat the entire roof, with a large amount of heat lost to the atmosphere, so fuel costs are high.

特開2009―228316号公報JP 2009-228316 A

解決しようとする課題は、屋根上の雪を既設建屋に追加施工が可能な簡便な装置で、低ランニングコストで融雪することである。 The problem we are trying to solve is to melt snow on roofs with a simple device that can be added to existing buildings and has low running costs.

本発明は、屋根瓦あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の表面に塗布した撥水塗料によって降雪を屋根瓦の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の各谷部へ集めることと、谷部の上面を最上部から雨樋まで流す水によって、各谷部に集めた雪を融雪し、融雪した後の水を貯水槽に回収し、貯水槽から汲み上げた水を融雪に必要な熱量分だけ加温して、循環使用することを最も主要な特徴とする。 The main features of this invention are that the water-repellent paint applied to the surface of roof tiles or metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section collects falling snow in the valleys of the roof tiles or in the valleys of the metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section, and that the snow collected in each valley is melted by water flowing over the top of the valleys from the top to the gutter, and the water after the snow melts is collected in a water tank, and the water pumped from the tank is heated by the amount of heat required to melt the snow and recycled.

本発明の循環流水式屋根融雪装置は、地下水あるいは加温した水道水を屋根の表面全体に散水して融雪後の水を雨水排水路へ流出させる散水方式とは異なり、貯水槽に回収した融雪後の水を必要な熱量分だけ加温して循環使用するので、使用する水量が極めて少なく、地下水の枯渇の怖れがなく、使用する水道水の量は僅少であり、雨水排水路への無駄な熱量の流出がなく、循環使用に必要とされる熱量を融雪に必要な熱量に抑制できる。 The circulating water type roof snow melting device of the present invention differs from the sprinkling method in which groundwater or heated tap water is sprinkled over the entire surface of the roof and the melted snow is drained into a storm drainage channel. Instead, the melted snow water collected in a water tank is heated only to the required amount of heat and then circulated for use. This means that an extremely small amount of water is used, there is no risk of groundwater drying up, only a small amount of tap water is used, there is no unnecessary loss of heat into the storm drainage channel, and the amount of heat required for circulating use can be suppressed to the amount of heat required for snow melting.

また、本発明の循環流水式屋根融雪装置は、地下水あるいは水道水を屋根の表面全体に散水し、加温して循環使用する散水方式とは異なり、撥水塗料の働きによって屋根瓦の山部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の山部から滑雪して各谷部に集まった雪を、谷部に貼付した断熱シートの上面を流れる流水によって融雪するので、流水が大気や屋根瓦あるいは金属製折板屋根材と直接接触する面積が極めて小さく、大気への失熱量も屋根瓦や金属製折板屋根材への熱伝導による失熱量も極めて少ないので、貯水槽に回収した水を循環使用するための加温に必要な熱量を小さくできる。 In addition, unlike the sprinkling method in which groundwater or tap water is sprayed over the entire surface of the roof and then heated and circulated, the circulating water type roof snow melting device of the present invention melts snow that slides from the crests of roof tiles or the crests of vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing materials with a V-shaped cross section due to the action of the water-repellent paint and collects in each valley using running water flowing over the top surface of an insulating sheet attached to the valleys. Therefore, the area of direct contact between the running water and the atmosphere, roof tiles, or metal folded-plate roofing materials is extremely small, and the amount of heat lost to the atmosphere and through thermal conduction to the roof tiles and metal folded-plate roofing materials is also extremely small, which reduces the amount of heat required to heat the water collected in the water tank for circulating use.

さらに、本発明の循環流水式屋根融雪装置は電気ヒーター方式や温水方式とは異なり、最上段の屋根瓦あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の最上部から雨樋までの各谷部に水を流して融雪するので、屋根全体に電気ヒーターやパイプを張り巡らせる必要がなく、導入コストが安価で工期も短い。 Furthermore, unlike electric heater and hot water systems, the circulating water roof snow melting system of the present invention melts snow by running water through each valley from the top of the top tile or the top of the vertical seam metal folded plate roof material with a V-shaped cross section to the rain gutters, so there is no need to run electric heaters and pipes all over the roof, making the introduction cost low and the construction period short.

また、本発明の循環流水式屋根融雪装置は屋根瓦の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の各谷部に水を流して融雪するので、屋根瓦あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の山部が風除けとなり、風による失熱量が小さいという特徴を持つ。 In addition, the circulating water-flowing roof snow melting device of the present invention melts snow by flowing water into the valleys of roof tiles or into the valleys of vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section, so the peaks of the roof tiles or vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section act as windbreaks, and the amount of heat lost by wind is small.

本発明を構成する貯水槽は断熱素材製であり、揚水ポンプが運転開始してから融雪された水が貯水槽へ回収されて規定水位に回復するまでの連続運転に必要な水量を確保する目的と、貯留する水が持つ熱量を貯蔵する目的で設置され、融雪によって貯水槽に流入する水量が増加して貯水槽の規定水位を超過する場合は、規定水位を超過する水量はオーバーフロー水として排水配管を通じて下流側の雨水排水路へと流出する。 The water tank that constitutes this invention is made of a heat-insulating material and is installed for the purpose of securing the amount of water necessary for continuous operation from when the lift pump starts operating until the melted snow water is collected in the tank and the specified water level is restored, and for the purpose of storing the heat contained in the stored water. If the amount of water flowing into the tank due to melting snow increases and exceeds the specified water level of the tank, the amount of water exceeding the specified water level will flow out as overflow water through the drainage pipe into the downstream storm water drainage channel.

また、本発明を構成する貯水槽に具備される水温検知センサーは、揚水ポンプ稼働中の貯水槽内の水温を継続して監視することによって、貯水槽の水温低下が穏やかな場合には揚水ポンプの吐出量を減少させ、当該水温低下が急激な場合には揚水ポンプの吐出量を増加させ、揚水ポンプの吐出量が最大値の状態で水温が設定値に達した場合にはヒーターによる加温を開始するフィードバック制御を行って、揚水ポンプの消費電力の抑制と循環使用する水の加温に必要な熱エネルギーの抑制を行う。尚、設定温度は下流側の雨水排水路が受け入れ可能な最低温度に近い温度が推奨される。 The water temperature detection sensor provided in the water tank constituting the present invention continuously monitors the water temperature in the water tank while the pump is operating, and performs feedback control to reduce the discharge volume of the pump when the drop in water temperature in the water tank is gradual, increase the discharge volume of the pump when the drop in water temperature is rapid, and start heating with a heater when the water temperature reaches a set value with the discharge volume of the pump at its maximum, thereby reducing the power consumption of the pump and the thermal energy required to heat the water to be circulated. It is recommended that the set temperature be close to the minimum temperature that the downstream storm water drain can accept.

本発明を構成する揚水ポンプは貯水槽の上部に設置され、吐出量は可変であり、屋根の最上部へ揚水する能力を持ち、吐出口から屋根の最上部を繋ぐ断熱配管と断熱配管経路上のヒーターを具備する。尚、ヒーターは電気式ヒーターであってもガスまたは灯油等を燃料とするものであっても良い。 The water pump constituting the present invention is installed on top of the water tank, has a variable discharge volume, is capable of pumping water to the top of the roof, and is equipped with an insulated pipe connecting the discharge port to the top of the roof and a heater on the insulated pipe path. The heater may be an electric heater or one that uses gas or kerosene as fuel.

本発明を構成する散水配管は、断熱配管から供給された水を屋根瓦の各列最上段の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の最上部の各谷部へ散水するために、谷部の数と同数の散水ノズルを持つ。尚、寄棟造のように屋根瓦の各列の段数あるいは金属製折板屋根材の各谷部の長さが異なる場合は、散水配管を設置する際に各列の散水ノズルの散水量が調整される。 The sprinkler piping of this invention has the same number of sprinkler nozzles as the number of valleys in order to sprinkle water supplied from the insulated piping to the valleys of the top row of roof tiles or to each valley at the top of a vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section. Note that in cases where the number of rows of roof tiles or the length of each valley of the metal folded-plate roofing material differs, such as in hipped roof construction, the amount of water sprayed from the sprinkler nozzles of each row is adjusted when the sprinkler piping is installed.

本発明を構成する揚水ポンプに具備されるヒーターは、揚水ポンプの下流に設置され、貯水槽内の水温が設定値よりも低下した際に、揚水ポンプが汲み上げた水量のみを加温して下流側へ供給する目的で設置される。 The heater provided in the water pump constituting the present invention is installed downstream of the water pump, and is installed for the purpose of heating only the amount of water pumped up by the water pump and supplying it downstream when the water temperature in the water tank drops below a set value.

瓦屋根あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根に降った雪は、撥水塗料の働きによって滑雪して各谷部に集まる。 Snow that falls on a tile roof or a vertical seam metal folded plate roof with a V-shaped cross section slides off due to the water-repellent paint and collects in each valley.

貯水槽から揚水ポンプによって揚水された水は、断熱配管を経て散水ノズルへと届けられる。 Water is pumped from the water tank by a lift pump and delivered to the sprinkler nozzles via insulated piping.

散水ノズルから瓦屋根の最上段の各列の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根の最上部の各谷部に散水された水は、谷部に貼付された断熱シートの上を屋根面の傾斜に沿って流れ下る途上で谷部に集まった雪を融雪する。 Water sprayed from a spray nozzle into the valleys of each row of the top tile roof or into each valley at the top of a vertical seam metal folded plate roof with a V-shaped cross section flows down the slope of the roof surface over the insulating sheet attached to the valleys, melting the snow that has accumulated in the valleys as it flows down.

融雪した後の水は引き続き屋根面の傾斜に沿って断熱シートの上を流れ下り、雨樋と雨水配管を経由して貯水槽に回収される。 After the snow melts, the water continues to flow down the slope of the roof surface, over the insulation sheet, and is collected in the water tank via gutters and rainwater pipes.

貯水槽に回収される水は、浮遊異物除去フィルターと砂抜きドレーンによって屋根面および雨樋に堆積していたゴミや砂が除去される。 The water collected in the water tank is passed through a suspended object removal filter and a sand removal drain to remove any debris or sand that has accumulated on the roof surface and gutters.

貯水槽に回収される水量は融雪した雪によって増量するので、回収される水量が揚水ポンプの吐出量を上回ることによって貯水槽の水位が規定水位を超過する場合は、超過する水はサイフォンの原理によって排水配管を通じて下流側の雨水排水路へと流出する。 The amount of water collected in the water tank increases as the snow melts, so if the amount of water collected exceeds the discharge volume of the lifting pump and the water level in the tank exceeds the specified water level, the excess water will flow out through the drainage pipe into the downstream storm water drainage channel due to the siphon principle.

貯水槽の水位が規定水位を超過する場合、超過する水量はサイフォンの原理によって貫通配管から排水配管を通じて下流側の雨水排水経路へ直接に流出するので、貯水槽内の水温が融雪した後の水の水温よりも高い場合に、回収された融雪後の冷たい水の全量と貯水槽内の水が熱交換することによる貯水槽内の水温低下を抑制することができる。 When the water level in the water tank exceeds the specified water level, the excess water flows directly from the through pipe through the drain pipe to the downstream rainwater drainage path due to the siphon principle. Therefore, when the water temperature in the water tank is higher than the temperature of the water after the snow melts, the total amount of cold water after the snow melts that is collected can be exchanged with the water in the water tank to prevent a drop in the water temperature in the water tank.

貯水槽に回収された融雪した後の水によって貯水槽内の水温は低下するが、水温検知センサーが設定温度以上の水温を検知している場合は、貯水槽内の水は融雪のために循環使用される。また、水温を継続監視することにより、水温低下が緩やかな場合には揚水ポンプの吐出量を減少させ、水温低下が急激な場合には揚水ポンプの吐出量を増加させるフィードバック制御を行って、揚水ポンプの消費電力量を抑制する。 The water temperature in the water tank drops due to the water from melted snow that is collected in the tank, but if the water temperature sensor detects a water temperature above a set temperature, the water in the tank is circulated and used to melt snow. In addition, by continuously monitoring the water temperature, feedback control is performed to reduce the discharge volume of the pumping pump when the water temperature is dropping slowly, and to increase the discharge volume of the pumping pump when the water temperature is dropping rapidly, thereby reducing the amount of power consumed by the pumping pump.

揚水ポンプが最大吐出量で運転中に貯水槽の水温検知センサーが設定温度以下の水温を検知した場合は、貯水槽から揚水ポンプによって汲み上げられた水は、ヒーターによって加温された後に融雪のために循環使用される。 When the water tank's water temperature sensor detects that the water temperature is below the set temperature while the water pump is operating at maximum discharge, the water pumped from the water tank by the water pump is heated by a heater and then circulated for use in melting snow.

降雪量が多くなってから融雪を開始すると、屋根瓦の隣接する山部の降雪あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の隣接する山部の降雪がお互いに支え合って所謂ブリッジを形成し、谷部の降雪を融雪しても山部の雪が谷部へ滑雪できなくなる場合があるので、降雪検知センサーが降雪を検知したら速やかに融雪を開始することが推奨される。 If snow melting is started after the amount of snowfall has increased, snow on adjacent peaks of roof tiles or adjacent peaks of vertical seam metal folded plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section may support each other and form a so-called bridge, and even if the snow in the valleys is melted, the snow on the peaks may not be able to slide down to the valleys, so it is recommended that snow melting be started as soon as the snowfall detection sensor detects snowfall.

日常生活で発生する雑排水を、貯水槽内に設置した熱伝達率の高い素材製の熱交換用タンクに貯めることにより、雑排水の持つ熱量が短時間で貯水槽内の水へ熱移動して貯水槽内の水温を高めることができるので、循環使用する水の加温に必要な熱エネルギーを少なくすることができる。 By storing the wastewater generated in daily life in a heat exchange tank made of a material with high thermal conductivity installed inside the water tank, the heat contained in the wastewater is transferred to the water in the tank in a short period of time, raising the water temperature inside the tank and reducing the thermal energy required to heat the water for circulating use.

本発明に係る装置の、瓦屋根の場合の機器構成三面図である。1 is a three-dimensional view of the equipment configuration of the device according to the present invention when used on a tiled roof. 本発明に係る屋根瓦の三面図である。1A and 1B are three views of a roof tile according to the present invention. 本発明に係る装置の、V字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根の場合の三面図である。FIG. 1 is a three-view diagram of a vertical seam-roofed metal folded plate roof having a V-shaped cross section of the device according to the present invention. 本発明に係るV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の三面図である。FIG. 1 is a three-view diagram of a vertical seam-roofed metal folded-plate roof material having a V-shaped cross section according to the present invention. 本発明に係る貯水槽の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a water tank according to the present invention.

図1は、本発明装置の瓦屋根の場合の実施例の機器構成図であって、建物の屋根は瓦葺き切妻構造としている。貯水槽に貯留されている雨水あるいは水道水は、揚水ポンプによって貯水槽から汲み上げられ、断熱配管を経由して建物最上部にある棟瓦直下へと届けられ、棟瓦に沿って敷設された散水配管の散水ノズルから屋根瓦各列の最上段の谷部へ散水される。屋根瓦に塗布された撥水塗料の働きによって屋根瓦の各列の谷部へ集められた雪は散水された水によって融雪され、散水された水と雪が溶けた水は雨樋および雨水配管を経由して貯水槽へと回収される。貯水槽に回収される水の量は揚水ポンプの吐出量以上であるので、貯水槽の規定水位を超過する水の量は排水配管を通じて下流側の雨水排水路へ流出する。融雪後の水との熱交換によって貯水槽内の水温が低下して、揚水ポンプの吐出量が最大値の状態でも当該水温が設定温度以下となった場合には揚水ポンプの下流側に設置したヒーターによって循環使用される水の量だけが加温される。 Figure 1 shows the configuration of an embodiment of the device of the present invention for a tiled roof, with the roof of the building being a tiled gabled structure. Rainwater or tap water stored in a water tank is pumped up from the tank by a lifting pump and delivered to just below the ridge tiles at the top of the building via insulated piping, and is sprayed from the sprinkler nozzles of the sprinkler piping laid along the ridge tiles into the valleys of the top row of roof tiles. Snow collected in the valleys of each row of roof tiles by the water-repellent paint applied to the roof tiles is melted by the sprayed water, and the sprayed water and melted snow are collected in the water tank via the rain gutters and rainwater piping. The amount of water collected in the water tank is equal to or greater than the discharge volume of the lifting pump, so any water exceeding the specified water level of the water tank flows out through the drainage piping into the downstream rainwater drainage channel. When the temperature of the water in the water tank drops due to heat exchange with the water after the snow melts, and the water temperature falls below the set temperature even when the discharge volume of the water pump is at its maximum, only the amount of water used for circulation is heated by a heater installed downstream of the water pump.

図2は、本発明装置の屋根瓦の三面図であって、屋根瓦の谷部に断熱シートが貼付され、屋根瓦の働き部全体に撥水塗料が塗布されている。 Figure 2 shows three views of the roof tile of the device of the present invention, with a heat insulating sheet attached to the valley part of the roof tile and a water repellent paint applied to the entire working part of the roof tile.

図3は、本発明装置のV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根の場合の実施例の機器構成図であって、建物の屋根は瓦葺き切妻構造としている。 Figure 3 shows the configuration of an embodiment of the device of the present invention for a vertical seam metal folded-plate roof with a V-shaped cross section, where the building roof is a tiled gable structure.

図4は、本発明装置のV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の三面図であって、屋根材の各谷部に断熱シートが貼付され、屋根材の働き部全体に撥水塗料が塗布されている。 Figure 4 shows three views of a vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section, using the device of the present invention. A heat insulating sheet is attached to each valley of the roofing material, and a water-repellent paint is applied to the entire working part of the roofing material.

図5は、本発明装置の貯水槽の断面図であって、貯水槽の下部にある貫通配管は雪との熱交換によって冷却された水を排水配管へ流出させることを主たる目的とするが、貯水槽の水位が規定水位よりも低下している場合には融雪後の水を貯水槽へ戻す役割も持ち、そのための開孔を持つ。尚、貫通配管は雪との熱交換によって冷却された水と貯水槽の水との熱交換量を減少させるために断熱素材製の配管材料が推奨される。また、貫通配管の下流に接続される排水配管は、貯水槽の水位を一定に保つために、貯水槽の規定水位と同じ高さまで立ち上がってから下流側の雨水排水路に繋がっている。 Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the water tank of the device of the present invention. The through pipe at the bottom of the water tank has the main purpose of draining water cooled by heat exchange with snow into the drain pipe, but also has the role of returning water after melting snow to the water tank when the water level in the water tank drops below the specified water level, and has an opening for this purpose. It is recommended that the through pipe be made of insulating material to reduce the amount of heat exchange between the water cooled by heat exchange with snow and the water in the water tank. The drain pipe connected downstream of the through pipe rises to the same height as the specified water level of the water tank and then connects to the downstream storm water drain in order to keep the water level in the water tank constant.

雨水排水路は、貯水槽に回収された融雪後の水を支障なく受け入れられるものとする。 The storm water drainage channel must be able to easily receive the melted snowwater collected in the water tank.

「地下水を利用した節水型融雪システムの開発」土木学会論文集No.492/(6)―23、pp77―86、1994.6によれば、融雪に必要な総熱量は降雪を融解し融解水を流水温まで昇温させるのに要する熱量に流水が放出する長波長放射熱量と大気(空気)への顕熱失熱量と蒸発による失熱量と舗装への失熱量を加算し、流水が吸収する短波長(日射)放射熱量を減算したものとなる。ここで、低温の流水が放出する長波長放射熱量と降雪時間帯(曇天)の流水が吸収する短波長(日射)放射熱量を無視できるものと考えると、散水ノズルから散水される流水と大気との接触面積を小さくして大気(空気)への顕熱失熱量と蒸発による失熱量を少なくすることと、流水と舗装(本発明の場合は屋根面)との接触面積を小さくするとともに流水と舗装(本発明の場合は屋根面)との間に断熱シートを介在させることによって屋根面への熱伝導による失熱量を少なくすることが有効であることが判る。
また、同論文によれば、ノズル散水では水量が多くて流水温が低いほど流下中の大気への無駄な熱損失が少なくなり、舗装(本発明の場合は屋根面)への熱損失についても同様であるとの実験結果が示されているので、融解した後の水が回収される貯水槽内の水温を監視することによって、降雪状況や外気温等の変化に合わせて揚水ポンプの吐出量とヒーターによる加温量をフィードバック制御し、融解のために循環使用する水の温度を極力低い温度に維持することが有効であることが判る。そして、降雪を融解した後の冷たい水と貯水槽内の水が混じり合う水量を循環使用に必要な水量に限定することが、貯水槽に回収した水を循環使用するための加温に必要な熱エネルギーの抑制に有効であることが判る。
According to "Development of a water-saving snow melting system using groundwater", Journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, No. 492/(6)-23, pp. 77-86, June 1994, the total amount of heat required to melt snow is calculated by adding the amount of heat required to melt the snow and raise the temperature of the meltwater to the temperature of the running water, plus the amount of long-wave radiant heat emitted by the running water, the amount of sensible heat loss to the atmosphere (air), the amount of heat loss due to evaporation, and the amount of heat loss to the pavement, minus the amount of short-wave radiant heat (solar radiation) absorbed by the running water. Here, if we consider that the long-wavelength radiant heat emitted by low-temperature running water and the short-wavelength (solar) radiant heat absorbed by running water during snowfall times (cloudy days) can be ignored, it turns out that it is effective to reduce the contact area between the running water sprayed from the spray nozzle and the atmosphere to reduce the amount of sensible heat loss to the atmosphere (air) and the amount of heat loss due to evaporation, and to reduce the contact area between the running water and the pavement (the roof surface in the case of this invention) and to interpose an insulating sheet between the running water and the pavement (the roof surface in the case of this invention) to reduce the amount of heat loss due to thermal conduction to the roof surface.
According to the same paper, the experimental results show that the more water volume and the lower the temperature of the flowing water from a nozzle, the less heat is wasted into the atmosphere as it flows down, and the same is true for heat loss to the pavement (roof surface in the case of this invention), so it is effective to monitor the water temperature in the water tank where the melted water is collected, and to feedback control the discharge volume of the water pump and the amount of heating by the heater in accordance with changes in snowfall conditions and outside air temperature, etc., to keep the temperature of the water circulated for melting as low as possible. It is also effective to limit the amount of water that mixes with the cold water after melting snow and the water in the water tank to the amount of water required for circulation, in order to reduce the thermal energy required to heat the water collected in the water tank for circulation.

切妻屋根の水平投影面積を縦8m横10mで80m2とし、J型瓦(働き幅:265mm、働き長さ:235mm)が棟瓦の両側に並行して38列葺かれているとし、密度0.08の雪の降雪量を1時間あたり0.02mとし、降雪の温度を氷点下1℃とし、雪の比熱を2.1J/(g・K)とし、雪の融解熱を336J/(g・K)とし、貯水槽から揚水されて散水ノズルから流下する水の温度を7℃とし、水の比熱を4.2J/(g・K)とし、融雪した後の水が貯水槽へ回収される時の水温を1℃とした場合の、融雪に必要なエネルギー量を検討する。 The amount of energy required to melt snow will be considered assuming that the horizontal projection area of a gable roof is 8m long and 10m wide, totaling 80m2 , with 38 rows of J-shaped roof tiles (working width: 265mm, working length: 235mm) laid parallel to both sides of the ridge tiles, the snowfall rate of snow with a density of 0.08 is 0.02m per hour, the temperature of the snowfall is -1°C, the specific heat of snow is 2.1 J/(g.K), the heat of melting of snow is 336 J/(g.K), the temperature of the water pumped from the water tank and flowing down from the sprinkler nozzles is 7°C, the specific heat of water is 4.2 J/(g.K), and the temperature of the water when it is collected in the water tank after melting is 1°C.

瓦屋根全体への降雪量は1時間あたり1.6m3であり、雪の密度を乗じて溶けた後の水の量に換算すると0.128m3なので、1時間あたりの降雪重量は128,000gとなり、降雪を融雪して1℃の水まで加温するのに必要な熱量は、氷点下1℃の雪が0℃の雪になるのに必要な熱量と、0℃の雪が0℃の水になるのに必要な融解熱と、0℃の水を1℃に加温する為に必要な熱量と、貯水槽から汲み上げられた水が融雪後に貯水槽へ回収されるまでに融雪以外で奪われる失熱量の合計となるので、貯水槽から汲み上げられた水が融雪後に貯水槽へ回収されるまでに融雪以外で奪われる失熱量を0℃の水を1℃に加温する為に必要な熱量と同じ値と仮定すると、水平投影面積80m2の切妻屋根に降る1時間あたり0.02mの密度0.08の雪を融雪するために必要な熱量は128,000g×2.1J+128,000g×336J+128,000g×4.2J+128,000g×4.2J=44,352,000Jとなる。 The amount of snowfall on the entire tile roof is 1.6 m3 per hour, which can be converted to the amount of water after melting by multiplying it by the density of the snow to 0.128 m3 , so the weight of snowfall per hour is 128,000 g. The amount of heat required to melt the snow and warm it to 1°C water is the sum of the amount of heat required to turn snow at -1°C into snow at 0°C, the heat of melting required to turn 0°C snow into 0°C water, the amount of heat required to warm 0°C water to 1°C, and the amount of heat lost by causes other than melting snow during the process of water pumped from the water tank being collected back into the tank after the snow melts. If we assume that the amount of heat lost from causes other than snowmelt before the water is collected in the water tank after melting is the same as the amount of heat required to heat 0°C water to 1°C, the amount of heat required to melt 0.02 m of snow per hour with a density of 0.08 falling on a gable roof with a horizontal projection area of 80 m2 is 128,000g x 2.1J + 128,000g x 336J + 128,000g x 4.2J + 128,000g x 4.2J = 44,352,000J.

次に、融雪に必要な水の量は融雪に必要な熱量を水の温度変化量と比熱で除した値となるので、散水ノズルから流下する水の温度を7℃、融雪した後の水温を1℃とした場合、1時間当たりに必要な水の量は44,352,000J/(6×4.2J)=1,760,000gとなり、水に換算した降雪重量の13.75倍となる。 Next, the amount of water required to melt snow is calculated by dividing the amount of heat required to melt snow by the temperature change and specific heat of the water, so if the temperature of the water flowing from the sprinkler nozzle is 7°C and the temperature of the water after the snow has melted is 1°C, the amount of water required per hour is 44,352,000 J / (6 x 4.2 J) = 1,760,000 g, which is 13.75 times the weight of snowfall converted into water.

ここで、散水ノズルから流下する水量の合計は1,760,000g /時なので、散水ノズル1本の1時間当たりの散水量は1,760,000g /(38列×2)=約23,158g/時となり、1秒当たり約6.4ccの極めて少量の水が瓦屋根の谷部を流下していることになる。そして一般的な53枚版屋根瓦の山部と谷部の高低差はJIS規格によって3.5cm以上と規定されているので、谷部を流下する水が風による失熱の影響を受けにくいことが判る。 Here, the total amount of water flowing down from the sprinkler nozzles is 1,760,000g/hour, so the amount of water sprayed per hour from one sprinkler nozzle is 1,760,000g/(38 rows x 2) = approximately 23,158g/hour, which means that an extremely small amount of water, approximately 6.4cc per second, flows down the valleys of the tile roof. And since the difference in height between the peaks and valleys of a typical 53-ply roof tile is stipulated by JIS standards to be at least 3.5cm, it can be seen that the water flowing down the valleys is less susceptible to heat loss due to wind.

貯水槽の貯水量は、揚水ポンプが運転開始してから融雪された水が貯水槽へ回収されて規定水位に回復するまでの連続運転に必要な水量以上が必要であり、散水範囲の広さや屋根の形状、配管の長さ、屋根勾配や雨樋の勾配等によって詳細計算すべきであるが、段落0037の建物の場合に、揚水ポンプ運転開始後5分で最長経路を経た水が貯水槽に回収されるとすれば、必要な貯水量は降雪量の多寡に関わらず1,760 L/60×5=146.667L以上となる。 The amount of water stored in the water tank must be at least the amount needed for continuous operation from when the lift pump starts operating until the melted snow water is returned to the tank and the specified water level is restored, and this should be calculated in detail based on the size of the watering area, the shape of the roof, the length of the piping, the slope of the roof, the slope of the gutter, etc. However, in the case of the building described in paragraph 0037, if the water that has traveled the longest route is returned to the tank five minutes after the lift pump starts operating, the amount of water needed will be at least 1,760 L / 60 x 5 = 146.667 L regardless of the amount of snowfall.

融雪を行っている際の貯水槽内の水温は1℃から7℃の範囲の値となるが、連続して融雪することにより貯水槽内の水温は1℃に近づくので、熱交換タンクを介する雑排水との水温差が大きくなり、雑排水から貯水槽の水への熱移動量が大きくなるので、貯水槽に回収された水を循環使用するための加温に必要な熱エネルギーを少なくするができる。 When snow is melting, the water temperature in the water tank ranges from 1°C to 7°C, but as snow continues to melt, the water temperature in the tank approaches 1°C, increasing the temperature difference with the wastewater that passes through the heat exchange tank. This increases the amount of heat transferred from the wastewater to the water in the water tank, reducing the thermal energy required to heat the water collected in the tank for reuse.

融雪が不要な期間にも熱交換タンクを介する貯水槽内の水と雑排水との熱交換を繰り返し行うことにより、次回の融雪までの間に貯水槽内の水温を高めて貯水槽内の熱エネルギー貯蔵量を高めることができるので、次回の融雪の際の加温に必要な熱エネルギーを少なくすることができる。 Even during periods when snow melting is not required, heat exchange between the water in the water tank and the miscellaneous wastewater via the heat exchange tank can be repeatedly performed, raising the water temperature in the water tank until the next snow melt and increasing the amount of thermal energy stored in the water tank, thereby reducing the amount of thermal energy required for heating the tank the next time snow melts.

屋根瓦あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の表面に塗布された撥水塗料の性能が経年劣化した場合には、噴霧器に長尺ノズルを装着して当該塗料を地上から噴霧して塗布することにより、屋根からの転落の危険なく簡便かつ安全に性能の回復が行える。 When the performance of the water-repellent paint applied to the surface of roof tiles or vertical seam metal folded plate roofing material with a V-shaped cross section deteriorates over time, the paint can be sprayed from the ground using a long nozzle attached to a sprayer, allowing performance to be restored easily and safely without the risk of falling off the roof.

撥水塗料の塗布に代えて、撥水素材製のシートを瓦屋根あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根の屋根面全面に貼付することにより、撥水性能を長期間維持することができる。 Instead of applying water-repellent paint, a sheet made of water-repellent material can be applied to the entire surface of a tile roof or a vertical seam metal folded plate roof with a V-shaped cross section, allowing water-repellent performance to be maintained for a long period of time.

雨水排水路へ流出される融雪後の雨水を、貯水槽の規定水位と地表面の高さとの差を利用して通路等に散水することにより、通路等の融雪に活用することも可能である。 The rainwater that flows into the storm drainage channel after melting snow can be used to melt snow on walkways, etc., by sprinkling it on walkways, etc., taking advantage of the difference between the specified water level in the water tank and the ground level.

屋根雪を水道水あるいは雨水を循環使用して融雪することにより地下水の枯渇を防ぎ、大気や屋根面への失熱量を最少とすることにより、水を循環使用して融雪するための加温に必要な熱量の最少化を図り、低ランニングコストで融雪する。 By melting snow on the roof using recycled tap water or rainwater, it is possible to prevent the depletion of groundwater and minimize the amount of heat lost to the atmosphere and roof surface, thereby minimizing the amount of heat required to heat the snow by recycling water and melting it at low running costs.

1建物外壁
2降雪検知センサー
3雨樋
4屋根瓦
5棟瓦
6基礎
7貯水槽
8雨水配管
9揚水ポンプ
10断熱配管
11散水配管
12散水ノズル
13浮遊異物除去フィルター
14砂抜きドレーン
15撥水塗料塗布面
16断熱シート
17排水配管
18液面検知センサー
19水温検知センサー
20メッシュフィルター
21ヒーター
22熱交換用タンク
23貫通配管
24開孔
25開閉弁1
26開閉弁2
27空気抜き穴
28V字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材
29棟包み
A雨水流入口
B水道水供給口
C揚水吐出口
D雨水排出口
E雑排水供給口
F雑排水排出口
G規定水位
H山部
I谷部
1 Building exterior wall 2 Snowfall detection sensor 3 Rain gutter 4 Roof tile 5 Ridge tile 6 Foundation 7 Water tank 8 Rainwater pipe 9 Water pump 10 Insulated pipe 11 Sprinkler pipe 12 Sprinkler nozzle 13 Floating foreign matter removal filter 14 Sand removal drain 15 Water repellent paint applied surface 16 Insulated sheet 17 Drainage pipe 18 Liquid level detection sensor 19 Water temperature detection sensor 20 Mesh filter 21 Heater 22 Heat exchange tank 23 Through pipe 24 Opening 25 Opening valve 1
26 On-off valve 2
27 Air vent hole 28 Vertical seam metal folded plate roofing material with V-shaped cross section 29 Building envelope A Rainwater inlet B Tap water supply port C Pumping outlet D Rainwater outlet E Miscellaneous wastewater supply port F Miscellaneous wastewater outlet G Specified water level H Peak I Valley

Claims (3)

断熱素材製の貯水槽と、揚水ポンプと、散水配管と、撥水塗料が表面に塗布された瓦屋根あるいは撥水塗料が表面に塗布されたV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根によって構成され、貯水槽は運転開始時の貯水量を規定水位とするための水道水供給口と、水位の上昇下降を容易にするための空気抜き穴と、融雪後の水を上流側の雨樋から引き込む雨水配管と、貯水槽の規定水位を超えた水を下流側の雨水排水路へ流出させる排水配管と、水温検知センサーを具備し、揚水ポンプは貯水槽の上部に設置され、貯水槽から取水した水を屋根最上部へ届ける断熱配管と吐出する水を加温するヒーターを具備し、散水配管は断熱配管から供給された水を瓦屋根の各列最上段の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根の各列最上部の各谷部に散水するための散水ノズルを持つことにより、撥水塗料の働きによって屋根瓦の谷部あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の谷部に集められた降雪を、谷部を流下する水によって融雪し、融雪後の水を雨樋と雨水配管を経由して貯水槽へ回収し、融雪によって増量した水を下流側の雨水排水路へ流出させ、貯水槽内の水を、融雪後の水を回収した後の貯水槽内の水温が設定値以上であればそのまま循環使用し、前記水温が設定値以下であればヒーターによって加温した後に循環使用して水道水の消費量を抑制するとともに、流下する水が大気および屋根瓦あるいはV字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材と接触する面積を小さくすることによって失熱量を減少させて、循環使用する水の加温に必要な熱エネルギーを少なくすることを特徴とする循環流水式屋根融雪装置において、前記屋根瓦の谷部あるいは前記V字型断面を持つ縦ハゼ葺き金属製折板屋根材の各谷部の上面に断熱シートが貼付されていることを特徴とする循環流水式屋根融雪装置。 The system is composed of a water tank made of an insulating material, a water lifting pump, water sprinkler piping, and a tile roof with a surface coated with water repellent paint or a vertical seam metal folded plate roof with a V-shaped cross section with a water repellent paint on its surface . The water tank is equipped with a tap water supply port for setting the amount of water stored at the start of operation to a specified water level, an air vent hole for facilitating the raising and lowering of the water level, a rainwater pipe for drawing in water after melting snow from the upstream rain gutter, a drainage pipe for discharging water that exceeds the specified water level of the water tank to a downstream rainwater drainage channel, and a water temperature detection sensor. The water lifting pump is installed on top of the water tank and is equipped with an insulating pipe for delivering water taken from the water tank to the top of the roof and a heater for heating the discharged water. The water sprinkler piping has water sprinkler nozzles for sprinkling water supplied from the insulating pipes to the valleys of the topmost row of the tile roof or to each valley at the top of each row of the vertical seam metal folded plate roof with a V-shaped cross section, thereby preventing the valleys of the roof tiles or the V-shaped cross section from being damaged by the action of the water repellent paint. 1. A circulating water flow type roof snow melting device characterized in that snow collected in each valley of a vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material is melted by water flowing down the valley, the water after the snow melts is collected in a water tank via a rain gutter and rainwater piping, the water increased by the snow melting is discharged into a downstream rainwater drainage channel, and the water in the water tank after the water after the snow melting is collected is circulated for use as is if the temperature of the water in the water tank after the snow melting water is collected is above a set value, or if the water temperature is below a set value, it is heated by a heater and then circulated for use, thereby reducing the consumption of tap water, and by reducing the area of contact between the flowing water and the atmosphere and the roof tiles or the vertical seam metal folded-plate roofing material having a V-shaped cross section, the amount of heat loss is reduced, and the thermal energy required to heat the water to be circulated is reduced. 貯水槽内の下部に貯水槽内を貫通する貫通配管を設け、貫通配管の上流側に雨水配管を接続し、貫通配管の下流側に排水配管を接続し、貫通配管の貯水槽内通過部位に開孔を設け、排水配管が貯水槽の規定水位と同じ高さまで立ち上がってから下流側の雨水排水路へ繋がっている構造とすることにより、揚水ポンプが運転開始した後の貯水槽内の水位が規定水位まで回復した後は、その水位を一定に保ちながら、貯水槽内へ流入する融雪後の水の量を揚水ポンプによる吐出量と同量にし、貯水槽内の水が融雪後の水と熱交換することによる失熱量を減少させて、循環使用する水の加温に必要な熱エネルギーを少なくすることを特徴とする請求項1の循環流水式屋根融雪装置。 The circulating water type roof snow melting device of claim 1, characterized in that a through pipe is provided at the bottom of the water tank that passes through it, a rainwater pipe is connected to the upstream side of the through pipe, a drainage pipe is connected to the downstream side of the through pipe, and an opening is provided where the through pipe passes through the water tank, and the drainage pipe rises to the same height as the specified water level of the water tank and then connects to the rainwater drainage channel downstream.After the water level in the water tank after the lifting pump starts operating recovers to the specified water level, the water level is kept constant while the amount of water after melting snow flowing into the water tank is made the same as the amount discharged by the lifting pump, reducing the amount of heat lost by heat exchange between the water in the water tank and the water after melting snow, thereby reducing the thermal energy required to heat the water to be circulated. 揚水ポンプの下流側にヒーターを設け、貯水槽内に設けた熱交換用タンクに貯水槽内の水温よりも高温の雑排水を給水することにより、貯水槽内の水と雑排水の水温差を大きくし、雑排水から貯水槽内の水への熱移動量を大きくして、貯水槽に蓄える熱エネルギー量を増加させることを特徴とする請求項1の循環流水式屋根融雪装置。 The circulating water type roof snow melting device of claim 1, characterized in that a heater is provided downstream of the lifting pump, and miscellaneous wastewater with a temperature higher than that of the water in the water tank is supplied to a heat exchange tank provided in the water tank, thereby increasing the temperature difference between the water in the water tank and the miscellaneous wastewater, increasing the amount of heat transferred from the miscellaneous wastewater to the water in the water tank, and increasing the amount of thermal energy stored in the water tank.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000220321A (en) 1998-11-23 2000-08-08 Takashi Takahashi Snow melting water supply device of flow water roof
JP2007132178A (en) 2005-11-09 2007-05-31 Takashi Takahashi Water spray heat exchange method of folded plate roof with gentle slope
JP2009041193A (en) 2007-08-06 2009-02-26 Ntk:Kk Water circulating snow melting device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000220321A (en) 1998-11-23 2000-08-08 Takashi Takahashi Snow melting water supply device of flow water roof
JP2007132178A (en) 2005-11-09 2007-05-31 Takashi Takahashi Water spray heat exchange method of folded plate roof with gentle slope
JP2009041193A (en) 2007-08-06 2009-02-26 Ntk:Kk Water circulating snow melting device

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