JP7484034B2 - Upper level control device, power system and lower level control device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a host control device, a power system, and a subordinate control device.

One of the power supply and demand adjustment services is demand response, which controls electrical appliances. In demand response, the amount of power consumed by electrical appliances (= the amount of power demand) is adjusted so that the amount of power demanded is increased or decreased by the requested amount.
In relation to demand response, for example, Patent Literature 1 describes an energy control system for performing demand response. In the energy control system described in Patent Literature 1, a lower-level information processing device estimates the power consumption of an electric device and transmits it to a higher-level information processing device. The higher-level information processing device determines the allocation of the power supply and demand adjustment share of the electric device based on the power supply and demand capacity of a specified power grid and the estimated value of the power consumption of the electric device, and transmits the determined allocation to the lower-level information processing device. The lower-level information processing device controls the operation of the electric device based on the allocation determined by the higher-level information processing device.

Republished WO2015/166758

In demand response, the demand response request amount is shown as a request amount to increase or decrease from a baseline that indicates the power demand forecast for each customer facility (= the facility where the electrical equipment controlled by demand response is installed) at the time of implementing the demand response. At this time, the baseline includes the power consumption of multiple electrical equipment, but if an error occurs between the baseline and the actual result (the actual power demand amount when demand response is not implemented), even if the power consumption of the electrical equipment is increased or decreased according to the demand response request amount, the error between the baseline and the actual result will be an error in the actual result for the demand response request.
It is preferable to reduce errors in actual results in response to demand response requests.

The present invention aims to provide a higher-level control device, a power system, and a lower-level control device that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the upper control device is configured with equipment used by an electric power consumer, and includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer- specific baseline that is an allocation of a baseline of a demand response to each of demand response implementation target systems, which are systems that receive and control electric power at the consumer, and a consumer-specific requested power amount calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific requested power amount that is an allocation of the requested power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems, and a consumer-specific requested power amount calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific requested power amount that is an allocation of the requested power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems. and a transmission means for controlling charging and discharging of chargeable and dischargeable equipment in the demand response implementation target system , wherein the consumer-specific required power calculation means recalculates the required power amount for each consumer based on a relationship between a demand power prediction value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that the chargeable and dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, which is based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a point in time after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific required power target value in which the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system is reflected in the required power amount for each consumer.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the upper control device is configured with equipment used by an electric power consumer, and includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer- specific baseline which is an allocation of a baseline of a demand response to each of demand response implementation target systems which are systems for receiving and controlling electric power at the consumer, a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which an allocation of the amount of electric power requested in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline, and a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that a chargeable/dischargeable device of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand energy forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time after the calculation of the baseline. The demand response target system includes a consumer requested power calculation means that sets a consumer requested power amount of a demand response target system that has a predetermined relationship with a power prediction value to zero, and calculates a consumer requested power amount of at least one other demand response target system to be smaller than the amount of power difference between the consumer requested power target value and the demand power prediction value in the demand response target system in accordance with the amount of power difference between the consumer requested power target value and the demand power prediction value; and a transmission means that transmits the consumer requested power amount for at least one of the demand response target systems, the amount of power calculated by the consumer requested power calculation means being zero, to the demand response target system, and causes the demand response target system to control charging and discharging of chargeable and dischargeable equipment in the demand response target system in accordance with the consumer requested power amount .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electric power system includes a host control device and a plurality of target systems for implementing demand response, each of which includes a host control device, and the host control device includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline, which is an allocation of a baseline of a demand response to each of the target systems for implementing demand response, and a consumer-specific required power amount calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific required power amount, which is an allocation of the amount of required power in the demand response to each of the target systems for implementing demand response, and the consumer-specific required power amount calculation means calculates a consumer-specific required power amount, which is an allocation of the amount of required power in the demand response to each of the target systems for implementing demand response, in the case where it is assumed that a chargeable/dischargeable device in the target system for implementing demand response does not perform charging/discharging for the demand response. The demand energy of the demand response target system at the time of the demand response is recalculated based on the relationship between the demand energy forecast value based on the state of the demand response target system at a time after the calculation of the baseline and a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which the consumer-specific demand energy is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response target system, and the lower-level control device is provided with a charge/discharge control means for controlling the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that the demand energy of the demand response target system at the time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demand energy target value in which the consumer-specific demand energy is reflected in the energy of the consumer-specific baseline.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the lower-level control device is a system that is composed of equipment used by an electricity consumer and receives and controls electricity at the consumer, and is equipped with an acquisition means for acquiring a consumer-specific requested energy amount that is an allocation of the requested energy amount in a demand response to a demand response implementation target system including the lower-level control device itself, and a consumer-specific baseline that is an allocation of the baseline of the demand response to the demand response implementation target system, a consumer-specific target value acquisition means for calculating a consumer-specific demand energy amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested energy amount is reflected in the energy amount of the consumer-specific baseline, and a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging and discharging of chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system so that the demand energy of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demand energy amount target value.

This invention makes it possible to reduce errors in actual demand response results in response to demand response requests.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device configuration of a power system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an equipment configuration in a customer facility according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting a unit time in demand response according to the embodiment. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a host control device according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a lower control device according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of timing at which a higher-level control device acquires data for baseline calculation according to the embodiment; FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure for calculating a baseline in a power system according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which a power system according to an embodiment calculates a possible demand response amount. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a baseline, a possible amount of demand response, and notification timing of a demand response command in a power system according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which the power system according to the embodiment calculates a target power amount for each consumer installed system based on a total demand response command value from an external engine control device. FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a second example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a third example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a fourth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a fifth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a sixth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a seventh example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an eighth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a ninth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a tenth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response according to the embodiment. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which the power system according to the embodiment resets the charge/discharge power target values of each chargeable/dischargeable device. FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a margin for demand response when a customer-installed system according to an embodiment simultaneously performs peak shifting and demand response. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a higher-level control device according to the embodiment; FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating another example of the configuration of the upper control device according to the embodiment. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a power system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a lower-level control device according to the embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, not all of the combinations of features described in the embodiments are necessarily essential to the solution of the invention.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of the device configuration of a power system according to an embodiment. In the configuration shown in Figure 1, the power system 1 includes a host control device 100 and multiple consumer-installed systems 300. Each of the consumer-installed systems 300 includes a lower-level control device 200. The host control device 100 communicates with the lower-level control devices 200. The host control device 100 also communicates with an external agency control device 910. The external agency control device 910 may be configured as part of the power system 1, or may be configured as a device external to the power system 1.

The power system 1 plans and implements a demand response (DR). The power system 1 may further implement a service other than the demand response. The power system 1 may also implement a plurality of services simultaneously.
The service referred to here is to achieve a certain purpose by adjusting the supply and demand of power. The adjustment of supply and demand of power referred to here may be adjustment of the supply and demand of power or adjustment of the amount of power.

The following description will be given taking as an example a case where the upper control device 100, the lower control device 200, and the external engine control device 910 notify the amount related to power supply and demand in units of power energy, such as watt-hours (Wh). However, the upper control device 100, the lower control device 200, and the external engine control device 910 may also notify the amount related to power supply and demand in units of power, such as watts (W). Furthermore, at least one of the upper control device 100, the lower control device 200, and the external engine control device 910 may convert between units of power and units of power energy.

The lower control device 200 is a device that controls the equipment of the power consumer, and notifies the upper control device 100 of status information of the power consumer's equipment. The lower control device 200 also controls the equipment to implement services such as demand response according to instructions from the upper control device 100. The power consumer is also simply referred to as a consumer.
The lower-level control device 200 includes, for example, a power conditioning system (PCS) that controls the consumer's equipment and a computer that functions as a control unit of the power conditioning system. Alternatively, the power conditioning system may be configured as an external device of the lower-level control device 200, such as a power conditioning system provided for each device to be controlled.

The consumer installation system 300 is a system configured of devices used by consumers. Each consumer installation system 300 is configured as a system for supplying and demanding power and controlling the supply and demand of power in one consumer. However, the configuration of the consumer installation system 300 is not limited to a specific configuration. In addition, the configuration of the consumer installation system 300 may differ depending on the consumer.
The consumer installed system 300 functions as a system that increases or decreases the demand for electricity in a demand response. The consumer installed system 300 is also referred to as a demand response implementation target system.
The number of customer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 may be one or more.

The upper control device 100 aggregates the status information of the consumer's equipment from the lower control devices 200, calculates the amount of service that can be performed, and notifies the external agency control device 910. The upper control device 100 then determines the service implementation allocation for each consumer in response to the service implementation request from the external agency control device 910, and instructs the lower control device 200 of each consumer to implement the service.

In particular, the upper level control device 100 calculates the implementable amount of demand response, and notifies the external engine control device 910 of the calculated implementable amount.
The upper control device 100 calculates the amount of demand power that can be increased or decreased for demand response as the amount of demand response that can be implemented. The amount of demand response that can be implemented is also referred to as the margin for demand response, or simply as margin. The margin for an up-demand response (demand response that increases power demand) is also referred to as up-margin. The margin for a down-demand response (demand response that decreases power demand) is also referred to as down-margin.

Furthermore, the upper control device 100 determines the demand response request amount for each consumer installed system 300 based on the demand response request amount (command value) instructed by the external facility control device 910, and instructs the lower control device 200. In this manner, the upper control device 100 assigns the demand response requested by the external facility control device 910 to the lower control device 200 and causes it to be implemented.
The host control device 100 is configured using a computer such as an EWS (Engineering Work Station).
The upper level control device 100 is provided as a device used by, for example, a resource aggregator (RA).

A resource aggregator is a business that provides services by integrating and controlling power facilities on the consumer side. The resource aggregator integrates the adjustment amounts of power supply and demand by consumers to provide demand response services. Furthermore, the resource aggregator may provide services other than demand response, such as integrating the frequency adjustment capabilities of individual consumers for the power system to provide a frequency adjustment service.

The external institution control device 910 receives notification of the possible service implementation amount from the upper control device 100 and notifies the upper control device 100 of the requested service implementation amount. In particular, the external institution control device 910 receives notification of the possible demand response implementation amount and the baseline from the upper control device 100, determines the requested demand response amount, and notifies the upper control device 100 of a demand response implementation request including the determined requested amount.
The external engine control device 910 is configured using a computer such as an EWS.

1 shows an example in which the external agency control device 910 is installed in a central load dispatching center of a power transmission and distribution company. In this case, the resource aggregator acts as an aggregator combining a resource aggregator and an aggregation coordinator (AC).
However, the user of the external agency control device 910 may be a recipient of services provided by the power system 1, and is not limited to a power transmission and distribution company. For example, if an aggregation coordinator exists separately from the resource aggregator, the aggregation coordinator may use the external agency control device 910.

In the following, matters relating to the power system 1 as a whole and matters relating to individual consumer-installed systems 300 may be distinguished by the wording "total" or "by consumer." Specifically, the wording "total" is used for names indicating matters relating to the power system 1 as a whole. The wording "by consumer" is used for names indicating matters relating to individual consumer-installed systems 300.

The demand response instructed by the upper level control device 100 from the external facility control device 910, i.e., the demand response provided by the resource aggregator to the service recipient, is also referred to as a total demand response, a demand response of the power system 1, or simply a demand response.
The baseline in the total demand response is also referred to as the total baseline, the baseline of the power system 1, or simply the baseline.

The total amount of demand response that can be implemented is also referred to as the total amount of demand response that can be implemented, or the total amount that can be implemented, or simply the amount of demand response that can be implemented, or the amount that can be implemented. When the total amount of demand response that can be implemented is expressed in terms of the amount of power, it is also referred to as the total amount of power that can be implemented in demand response, or the total amount of power that can be implemented, or simply the amount of power that can be implemented in demand response, or the amount of power that can be implemented.

The total demand response request amount is also referred to as a total demand response request amount, a total request amount, or simply a demand response request amount, or a request amount. When the total demand response request amount is expressed in terms of power amount, it is also referred to as a total demand response requested power amount, a total requested power amount, or simply a demand response requested power amount, or a requested power amount.
The amount of power demanded by the power system 1 is also referred to as total amount of power demand, or simply as amount of power demand.

On the other hand, the demand response that the upper control device 100 assigns to each lower control device 200, i.e., the lower control device 200 adjusts the power demand of the consumer installation system 300 for demand response, is also referred to as consumer-specific demand response, or demand response of the consumer installation system 300.
The baseline in the consumer-specific demand response is also referred to as a consumer-specific baseline or the baseline of the consumer installed system 300.

The amount of demand response that can be implemented per consumer is also referred to as the amount of demand response that can be implemented per consumer, or the amount that can be implemented per consumer, or the amount of demand response that can be implemented by the consumer installation system 300, or the amount that can be implemented by the consumer installation system 300. When the amount of demand response that can be implemented per consumer is indicated by the amount of power, it is also referred to as the amount of power that can be implemented by the consumer, or the amount of power that can be implemented by the consumer installation system 300, or the amount of power that can be implemented by the consumer installation system 300.

The requested amount of demand response by consumer is also referred to as a demand response requested amount by consumer, or a request amount by consumer, or a demand response requested amount of the consumer installed system 300, or a request amount of the consumer installed system 300. When the demand response requested amount by consumer is indicated by an amount of power, it is also referred to as a demand response requested amount of power by consumer, or a requested amount of power by consumer, or a demand response requested amount of power of the consumer installed system 300, or a requested amount of power of the consumer installed system 300.
The amount of power demanded by one consumer installed system 300 is also referred to as the amount of power demanded by a consumer or the amount of power demanded by the consumer installed system 300 .

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an equipment configuration at a consumer facility.
2, the consumer installed system 300 includes a lower-level control device 200, a chargeable/dischargeable device 311, a photovoltaic power generation system 312, a load 313, and an XEMS 321. XEMS is a general term for energy management systems such as a home energy management system (HEMS), a building energy management system (BEMS), and a factory energy management system (FEMS).
2 , a smart meter 930 is provided at a point of interconnection between a power system 920, which is a power system of a power transmission and distribution company, and the consumer installed system 300. The smart meter 930 may be configured as a part of the consumer installed system 300, or may be configured as an external device of the consumer installed system 300.

The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is a device that can store and discharge electricity, for example, including a group of storage batteries. The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is an example of a distributed energy resource (DER). The distributed power source here is a power source provided in each consumer installation system 300. The resource aggregator aggregates the power supply and demand from the distributed power sources, making it possible to provide a relatively large-scale power supply and demand adjustment service to the service recipients.

In the following, it is assumed that the consumer installation systems 300 of consumers participating in demand response are each equipped with chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311. By equipping the consumers with chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311, when a difference occurs between the power demand forecast (consumer-specific baseline) at the time of planning the demand response and the actual power demand (demanded power amount by consumer), the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 can be used to adjust power supply and demand.

The charging power, discharging power, charging power amount, and discharging power amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 are explained using the conversion values to AC power or AC power amount in the lower control device 200 as a power conditioning system. When charging the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, losses occur during AC/DC conversion. Therefore, the DC charging power and charging power amount after AC/DC conversion are smaller than the AC charging power and charging power amount before conversion. When discharging the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, losses occur during DC/AC conversion. Therefore, the AC discharge power and discharging power amount after DC/AC conversion are smaller than the DC discharge power and discharging power amount before conversion.

The solar power generation system 312 is shown as an example of a device that generates electricity, and includes solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity.
However, the power generating equipment is not essential for the consumer installation system 300. Furthermore, when the consumer installation system 300 includes a power generating equipment, the equipment is not limited to the photovoltaic power generation system 312. For example, the consumer installation system 300 may include a private power generator such as a fuel cell, cogeneration (cogeneration or combined heat and power), or the like, in addition to or instead of the photovoltaic power generation system 312.

The load 313 consumes power. The load 313 may be configured as one device. Alternatively, a plurality of devices may be included in the load 313. Furthermore, the type of device that configures the load 313 is not limited to a specific type.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 , the solar power generation system 312 , and the load 313 are collectively referred to as a consumer device group 310 .

The XEMS 321 is a device that implements an energy management service for consumers. For example, the XEMS 321 instructs the power conditioning system of the lower-level control device 200 to control the device for implementing the energy management service.
Furthermore, the XEMS 321 functions as a terminal device in the consumer installation system 300. For example, the XEMS 321 displays information related to service implementation and accepts user operations such as setting operations related to service implementation. All or a part of the XEMS 321 may be configured to be portable, for example, provided in a smartphone. Alternatively, a terminal device may be provided separately from the XEMS 321. In this case, the terminal device may also be configured to be portable, for example, provided in a smartphone.

By having the XEMS 321 and the lower-level control device 200 work together to control the consumer device group 310, it is possible to simultaneously control the consumer device group 310 for demand response (demand response per consumer) and for services other than demand response, such as energy management services.
The XEMS 321 and the low-level control device 200 may be configured as one device, or may be configured as separate devices.

The smart meter 930 measures the power at the location where the smart meter 930 is installed. For example, the power measured by the smart meter 930 is used for billing consumers. However, the placement of the smart meter is not limited to the location shown in FIG. 2. The smart meter can be placed in a location where power measurement is required to provide a service.

3 is a diagram showing an example of setting the unit time in the demand response. In the following, an example will be described in which the demand response start time (the start time of supply and demand adjustment) is set to the hour (0 minutes past the hour) and 30 minutes past the hour.
In this case, each 30-minute period obtained by dividing the time into the hour and 30 minutes of each hour is a unit time for demand response. Each unit time is also called a frame. The frame for which demand response is implemented is represented as "frame (i)," and going backwards from frame (i), the frames are represented as "frame (i-1),""frame(i-2)," ..., and "frame (i-m)" (m is a positive integer).

For example, if demand response is to be implemented from 13:00 to 13:30, the 30 minutes from 13:00 to 13:30 will be frame (i), the 30 minutes from 12:30 to 13:00 will be frame (i-1), the 30 minutes from 12:00 to 12:30 will be frame (i-2), the 30 minutes from 11:30 to 12:00 will be frame (i-3), and so on.

In the example of FIG. 3, the gate close (GC) is set to one hour before the start time of the frame in which demand response is implemented (the start time of the frame two frames before).
A demand response service provider (resource aggregator) notifies a service recipient (e.g., a power transmission and distribution business operator or an aggregation coordinator) of the baseline and the amount of demand response that can be implemented before the gate is closed. The service recipient determines the amount of demand response requested for the notified baseline within the range of the amount of demand response that can be implemented. The service recipient notifies the service provider of the determined amount of demand response and requests the implementation of a demand response.
1, before the gate is closed, information on the baseline and the amount of demand response that can be implemented is transmitted from the upper level control device 100 to the external institution control device 910. In addition, the external institution control device 910 transmits the amount of demand response request before the gate is closed.

After the deadline for notification of the baseline and available amount of demand response, the settings for the baseline and available amount of demand response cannot be changed. In addition, the amount of demand response requests cannot be changed after the gate is closed. Therefore, after the gate is closed, neither the baseline nor the amount of demand response requests can be changed.

The unit time of the demand response in the power system 1 is not limited to 30 minutes as shown in Fig. 3, but may be set to a certain time. The demand response start time is not limited to the top of the hour and 30 minutes past the hour, but may be set according to the unit time of the demand response.
The length of time per frame is also called the frame length. In the example of Figure 3, the frame length is 30 minutes.

Furthermore, the time from gate closing to the start of demand response implementation is not limited to one hour, but may be any predetermined time.
Gate closure refers to the deadline for grid users (power generation companies or electricity retailers) to submit supply and demand plans to grid operators, and refers to the time when trading in the wholesale electricity market is suspended. In the following explanation, the term gate closure is also used to mean the time when it becomes impossible to change the baseline used in demand response.

Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the upper control device 100. In the configuration shown in Figure 4, the upper control device 100 includes a first communication unit 110, a first memory unit 180, and a first control unit 190. The first control unit 190 includes a consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191, an overall information calculation unit 192, a consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193, a total required power acquisition unit 194, and a consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195.

The first communication unit 110 communicates with other devices. In particular, the first communication unit 110 receives information from each of the lower-level control devices 200 regarding the state of the consumer-installed system 300 that includes that lower-level control device 200. The first communication unit 110 also transmits to the lower-level control device 200 a request to implement a consumer-specific demand response for the consumer-installed system 300 that includes that lower-level control device 200.

The requests for implementing demand response by individual consumers sent by the first communication unit 110 may include requests for the amount of power requested by individual consumers that have a value of 0. By setting the value of the amount of power requested by individual consumers to 0, the consumer installation system 300 can be made to stop charging and discharging for demand response.

Furthermore, the request for implementing demand response by consumer transmitted by the first communication unit 110 may include a request that reflects the amount of power for which charging/discharging for demand response has been suspended for a certain consumer installed system 300 in the amount of power requested by the consumer for other consumer installed systems 300. This allows the amount of charging/discharging suspended for demand response in a certain consumer installed system 300 to be reflected in the charging/discharging power of the other consumer installed systems 300. Therefore, charging/discharging for demand response in a certain consumer installed system 300 can be suspended without changing the amount of power demand in the entire power system 1.

Furthermore, the first communication unit 110 transmits information on the implementable amount of demand response and the baseline to the external institution control device 910. Furthermore, the first communication unit 110 receives a request to implement demand response from the external institution control device 910.
The first communication unit 110 corresponds to an example of a transmitting means.

The first storage unit 180 stores various types of information. The first storage unit 180 is configured using a storage device included in the upper level control device 100.
The first control unit 190 performs various processes by controlling each unit of the host control device 100. The functions of the first control unit 190 are performed by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) included in the host control device 100 reading out a program from the first storage unit 180 and executing it.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 acquires information about the state of the consumer-installed system 300, such as the amount of power demanded by the consumer-installed system 300, the amount of stored power and available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 included in the consumer-installed system 300, and the charge/discharge measurement values of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311. Specifically, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 extracts information about the state of the consumer-installed system 300 including the lower-level control device 200 from the signal received by the first communication unit 110 from the lower-level control device 200.

The free capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 here is the amount of power that can be charged until the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is fully charged. For example, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate the free capacity as a value obtained by subtracting the amount of stored power from the rated capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311.

The overall information calculation unit 192 calculates information on the state of the entire power system 1 based on information on the state of each consumer installed system 300 acquired by the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191. In particular, the overall information calculation unit 192 calculates a baseline (total baseline), which is a predicted value of the overall amount of demanded energy of all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 at the time of implementing demand response, based on the actual values of the amount of demanded energy of each consumer installed system 300. In addition, the overall information calculation unit 192 calculates the amount of demand response that can be implemented for the entire power system 1 when implementing demand response, based on the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of each chargeable and dischargeable device 311.

Here, the dischargeable amount (amount of power that can be discharged) of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time (e.g., one frame) is constrained by both the amount of stored power and the rated discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. Specifically, the dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time is the smaller of the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 or the amount of power obtained by multiplying the rated discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 by the length of the given time (e.g., the length of a frame).

Furthermore, if reverse power flow from the consumer installed system 300 to the power grid 920 is not permitted, the dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time is also constrained by the amount of power demanded by the consumer in the given time on the assumption that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 does not charge or discharge. In this case, the dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time is the smaller of the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, the amount of power obtained by multiplying the rated discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 by the length of the given time, or the amount of power demanded by the consumer in the given time on the assumption that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 does not charge or discharge.

Furthermore, the chargeable amount (chargeable power amount) of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time is restricted by both the available capacity and the rated charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. Specifically, the chargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in a given time is the smaller of the available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 or the amount of power obtained by multiplying the rated charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 by the length of the given time.
On the other hand, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 performs charging, no reverse power flow occurs from the customer installed system 300 to the power grid 920. Therefore, the chargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at a given time is not restricted by the demanded power amount by customer.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 also calculates a predicted value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount based on the actual data of the consumer-specific demand energy amount. In particular, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates a predicted value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount during the demand response implementation time (demand response implementation time zone) for each of the consumer installed systems 300, assuming that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 does not charge or discharge for demand response. The predicted value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount during the demand response implementation time, assuming that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 does not charge or discharge for demand response, is also referred to as the consumer-specific demand energy amount predicted value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates a consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented, based on the state of the consumer-installed system 300 at a point in time after the calculation of the baseline (e.g., after the gate is closed). The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate a consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented repeatedly, for example, every minute.
In the following description, unless otherwise specified, when the upper level control device 100 uses a consumer-specific power demand forecast value when it is assumed that demand response is not performed, it uses the latest value available at that time.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate the consumer-specific demand energy amount assuming that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 does not charge or discharge at all as the predicted value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when demand response is not implemented.
For example, in the configuration of Figure 2, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate the sum of the measured value of the demand energy of the load 313 and the measured value of the supply energy of the solar power generation system 312 as the predicted value of demand energy of each consumer when demand response is not implemented.

Alternatively, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 can calculate a consumer-specific predicted value of demand energy when demand response is not expected to be implemented by using actual demand energy values only for units in which the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 is not charging or discharging for demand response, thereby making it possible to calculate a consumer-specific predicted value of demand energy when demand response is not expected to be implemented.
Alternatively, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may increase or decrease (cancel) the amount of electricity charged or discharged for demand response based on the actual consumer-specific demand electricity amount value of the unit in which the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 is charging or discharging for demand response.

The consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 calculates a consumer-specific baseline. The consumer-specific baseline is a breakdown of the total baseline calculated by the overall information calculation unit 192, which corresponds to an allocation to each of the consumer installed systems 300.
The consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific baseline calculation means.
The total requested power acquisition unit 194 acquires the total requested power. The total requested power is the requested increase or decrease in power amount relative to the total baseline, which is a predicted value of the total power demand of all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1. The requested power amount here is the requested increase or decrease in the power demand amount in a demand response. In the case of an upward demand response, the requested power is the amount of increase in the power demand amount. In the case of a downward demand response, the requested power is the amount of decrease in the power demand amount.
The total required power acquisition unit 194 extracts information indicating the total required power from the signal received by the first communication unit 110 from the external engine control device 910. However, strictly speaking, the total required power is subject to the constraints of the customer's contracted amperes (so-called breaker tripping power).

The consumer-specific requested power calculation unit 195 calculates the consumer-specific requested power amount. The consumer-specific requested power amount is an allocation of the total requested power amount allocated to each of the consumer installed systems 300. When the total requested power amount acquisition unit 194 acquires the total requested power amount, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 allocates the total requested power amount to each of the consumer installed systems 300.
The consumer requested power amount calculation unit 195 corresponds to an example of a consumer requested power amount calculation means.

The method by which the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 allocates the total power demand to each of the consumer-installed systems 300 is not limited to a specific one. For example, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may calculate the consumer-specific required power based on the contracted amperes of each of the consumer-installed systems 300 (proportional allocation using the ratio of the contracted amperes of the target consumer divided by the total contracted amperes of all consumers). Alternatively, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may calculate the consumer-specific required power based on the rated capacity or stored power amount or available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 provided in each of the consumer-installed systems 300 (the larger the value of the available capacity, etc., the larger the consumer-specific required power amount is allocated). Alternatively, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may further calculate the consumer-specific required power based on the consumer-specific baseline (the larger the value of the consumer-specific baseline, the larger the consumer-specific required power amount is allocated).

The consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may update the consumer-specific required power amount. Since the total required power amount cannot be changed after the gate is closed, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 increases or decreases the individual consumer-specific required power amount so that the sum of the consumer-specific required power amounts for all consumer-installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 remains constant as the total required power amount.

Here, in the case where a difference occurs between the consumer-specific baseline and the consumer-specific power demand amount during the demand response implementation time (frame (i)) in the case where it is assumed that the consumer-specific demand response is not implemented (the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 continues to charge or discharge for purposes other than demand response), each consumer-installed system 300 charges or discharges the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 during the demand response implementation time so as to eliminate the difference.

Assuming that consumer-specific demand response is not implemented, for example, in the configuration of Figure 2, the amount of power demanded by a consumer is calculated by subtracting the amount of power generated by the solar power generation system 312 from the amount of power consumed by the load 313, and adding or subtracting the amount of power charged and discharged by the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 for uses other than consumer-specific demand response. The amount of power charged and discharged by the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 for uses other than consumer-specific demand response is added in the case of charging and subtracted in the case of discharging.

The consumer-specific baseline corresponds to a predicted value of the consumer-specific power demand amount in frame (i) before gate closure, assuming that consumer-specific demand response is not implemented. In contrast, the consumer-specific power demand amount in frame (i), assuming that consumer-specific demand response is not implemented, may change due to changes in the amount of power consumed due to changes in the usage status of the load 313, or changes in the amount of power generated by the solar power generation system 312 due to changes in weather. This may result in a difference between the consumer-specific baseline and the consumer-specific power demand amount at the time when demand response is implemented, assuming that consumer-specific demand response is not implemented.

The difference between the consumer-specific baseline and the amount of energy demanded by a consumer at the time when the demand response is implemented, assuming that the consumer-specific demand response is not implemented, is also referred to as the prediction error of the consumer-specific baseline. Eliminating the difference between the consumer-specific baseline in the consumer-specific demand response and the amount of energy demanded by a consumer at the time when the demand response is implemented, assuming that the demand response is not implemented, is also referred to as compensating for the prediction error of the consumer-specific baseline.

Specifically, the predicted error in the consumer-specific baseline is compensated for by charging and discharging the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311. Error compensation can be said to be the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 charging and discharging to eliminate the error between the request in the consumer-specific demand response (corresponding to the consumer-specific baseline + consumer-specific requested power amount) and the actual result. The demand power amount before error compensation is the demand power amount by consumer in the case where it is assumed that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 does not charge or discharge to compensate for the error (however, it is assumed that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 continues to charge and discharge for purposes other than demand response).

Each consumer-installed system 300 may charge and discharge the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 so that the consumer-specific demanded energy amount during the demand response implementation time (i-frame) becomes the consumer-specific demanded energy amount target value. The consumer-specific demanded energy amount target value here is the amount of energy that reflects the consumer-specific requested energy amount in the consumer-specific baseline.

Here, reflecting the requested amount of energy in the baseline amount of energy means increasing or decreasing the amount of energy from the baseline by the requested amount of energy. In the case of downward demand response, the target value of the demanded amount of energy is obtained by subtracting the requested amount of energy from the baseline. For example, in the case of upward demand response, the requested amount of energy for each consumer is added to the consumer-specific baseline.
On the other hand, in the case of an upward demand response, the demand energy target value is obtained by adding the requested energy to the baseline. For example, in the case of a downward demand response, the requested energy is subtracted from the consumer's baseline.

In this way, each of the consumer installation systems 300 can charge and discharge the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 so that the consumer-specific demand energy amount at the demand response implementation time becomes the consumer-specific demand energy amount target value, thereby charging and discharging the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 so as to compensate for the prediction error of the consumer-specific baseline.
In this case, the amount of charging/discharging power for demand response among the amount of charging/discharging power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 can be said to be the sum of the amount of charging/discharging power for achieving the amount of power required by each consumer and the amount of charging/discharging power for compensating for the prediction error of the consumer-specific baseline.

On the other hand, there is a limit to the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can charge and discharge. If the predicted error in the consumer-specific baseline cannot be filled by charging and discharging the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, the remaining error will become an error between the requested amount and the actual value in the consumer-specific demand response of the consumer installation system 300.

In response to this, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 updates the consumer-specific required power amount to approach the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer installed system 300 (the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented), thereby reducing the error between the requested amount and the actual value in the consumer-specific demand response of the consumer installed system 300. By reducing the error between the requested amount and the actual value in the consumer-specific demand response, the error between the requested amount and the actual value in the total demand response can be reduced.

In addition, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges for consumer-specific demand response, losses occur in both the AC/DC conversion during charging and the DC/AC conversion during discharging of the charged power. If the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges and discharges can be reduced, such losses can be reduced.

Here, the charging and discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response may be in the opposite direction to the increase or decrease in the total demanded power amount in the total demand response. For example, while the total demand response is a downward demand response, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 may charge for the consumer-specific demand response. If such charging is stopped and the amount of discharged power of the other chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 that are discharging is reduced accordingly, the amount of charging and discharging power can be reduced in the power system 1 as a whole without affecting the total demanded power amount.

The consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 therefore stops the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 from charging for the consumer-specific demand response when the total demand response is a downward demand response. The case where the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented is smaller than the consumer-specific demand energy target value corresponds to the case where the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 charges for the consumer-specific demand response.

When updating the individual consumer required power amount of the consumer installed system 300, the consumer required power amount calculation unit 195 may calculate the individual consumer required power amount so that the individual consumer demand power amount target value becomes the individual consumer demand power amount predicted value when demand response is not assumed to be performed. Specifically, the consumer required power amount calculation unit 195 may set the individual consumer required power amount for the corresponding consumer installed system 300 to zero.
As a result, the consumer required energy calculation unit 195 stops the charging and discharging control of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 by the lower control device 200 in order to set the consumer demanded energy during the demand response implementation time to the consumer demanded energy target value.

In addition, when the total demand response is a down demand response, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the amount of discharged power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 discharging for the demand response by the amount that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 has stopped charging for the consumer-specific demand response. To this end, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power of at least one of the consumer-installed systems 300 that are equipped with the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 discharging for the demand response.

In this case, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may be configured to reduce the consumer-specific required power of at least one of the consumer installed systems 300 whose consumer-specific demand power prediction value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented is greater than the consumer-specific baseline.
In the consumer installed system 300 in which the forecast value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when it is assumed that demand response is not performed is larger than the consumer-specific baseline, it is considered that the amount of discharge energy required to adjust the consumer-specific demand energy amount to the consumer-specific demand energy amount target value is large. For this reason, in the consumer installed system 300 in which the forecast value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when it is assumed that demand response is not performed is larger than the consumer-specific baseline, there is a relatively high possibility that the dischargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of discharge energy required for downward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response. As described above, this shortfall becomes an error between the requested amount and the actual value in the demand response of the consumer installed system 300.

In response to this, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power amount, so that the consumer-specific power amount target value can be brought closer to the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer-installed system 300 (the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented). This makes it possible to reduce the error between the requested amount and the actual value in the demand response of the entire power system 1, as described above.

Furthermore, when the total demand response is an upward demand response, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 stops the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 from discharging for the consumer-specific demand response. When the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when it is assumed that no demand response is performed is greater than the consumer-specific baseline, this corresponds to the case where the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 discharges for the consumer-specific demand response.
In this case, too, the consumer-specific requested power calculation unit 195 may calculate the consumer-specific requested power amount so that the consumer-specific requested power amount target value becomes the consumer-specific requested power amount predicted value when demand response is not assumed to be performed, when updating the consumer-specific requested power amount of the consumer installed system 300. Specifically, the consumer-specific requested power calculation unit 195 may set the consumer-specific requested power amount for the corresponding consumer installed system 300 to zero.

In addition, when the total demand response is an up demand response, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the amount of charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 that charges for the demand response by the amount that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 has stopped discharging for the consumer-specific demand response. To this end, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power of at least one of the consumer installation systems 300 that are equipped with the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 that charges for the demand response.

In this case, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may be configured to reduce the consumer-specific required power of at least one of the consumer installed systems 300 whose consumer-specific required power prediction value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline.
In the consumer installed system 300 in which the forecast value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline, it is considered that the amount of charging energy required to adjust the consumer-specific demand energy amount to the consumer-specific demand energy amount target value is large. For this reason, in the consumer installed system 300 in which the forecast value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline, there is a relatively high possibility that the chargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of charging energy required for upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response. As described above, this shortfall becomes an error between the requested amount and the actual value in the demand response of the consumer installed system 300.

In response to this, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power amount, so that the consumer-specific power amount target value can be brought closer to the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer-installed system 300 (the predicted value of the demand power amount of the consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented). This makes it possible to reduce the error between the requested amount and the actual value in the demand response of the entire power system 1, as described above.

Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the lower-level control device 200. In the configuration shown in Figure 5, the lower-level control device 200 includes a second communication unit 210, a second memory unit 280, and a second control unit 290. The second control unit 290 includes a power demand information acquisition unit 291, a charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292, a charge/discharge prediction unit 293, a consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294, and a charge/discharge control unit 295.

The second communication unit 210 communicates with other devices. In particular, the second communication unit 210 transmits information about the state of the consumer installed system 300 in which the second communication unit 210 itself is included to the upper level control device 100. In addition, the second communication unit 210 receives a request to perform a demand response for the consumer installed system 300 in which the second communication unit 210 itself is included from the upper level control device 100.
For example, the second communication unit 210 receives a demand response implementation request including the consumer-specific requested power amount and the consumer-specific baseline. The second communication unit 210 may receive a demand response implementation request further including information indicating whether the demand response is an upward demand response or a downward demand response.
The second communication unit 210 corresponds to an example of an acquisition unit.

The second storage unit 280 stores various types of information. The second storage unit 280 is configured using a storage device provided in the low-level controller 200.
The second control unit 290 performs various processes by controlling each unit of the low-level control device 200. The functions of the second control unit 290 are performed by a CPU included in the low-level control device 200 reading out a program from the second storage unit 280 and executing it.

The power demand information acquisition unit 291 acquires the amount of power demanded by each consumer of the consumer installed system 300 including the power demand information acquisition unit 291 itself. For example, the power demand information acquisition unit 291 may calculate a measured value of the amount of power demanded by each consumer by integrating the power demand at the interconnection point measured by the smart meter 930.
The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 acquires information on the state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. For example, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 may calculate the amount of charge power and the amount of discharge power by integrating the measured values of the charge/discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for each of charging and discharging. The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 may also acquire information on the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311.

The charge/discharge prediction unit 293 predicts, for example, a charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 during peak shifting based on the information on the power rate for each time period. Specifically, the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 predicts that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 will charge for peak shifting during a time period when the power rate is low, and discharge for peak shifting during a time period when the power rate is high.
It is expected that this will enable the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 to predict the charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 with relatively high accuracy.

The recipient of the demand response may determine the amount of power required for the demand response based on the result of the prediction by the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 of the charge/discharge state of the charge/dischargeable equipment 311. For example, the overall information calculation unit 192 may predict the amount of demand response that can be implemented at the time of implementing the demand response based on the result of the prediction by the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 of the charge/discharge state of the charge/dischargeable equipment 311. Then, the recipient of the demand response may determine the amount of power required for the demand response within the range of the amount of demand response that can be implemented.

The consumer target value acquisition unit 294 acquires a consumer demand power target value. As described above, the consumer demand power target value is a target value of the consumer demand power amount when a demand response is performed for each consumer. The consumer target value acquisition unit 294 calculates the consumer demand power target value by reflecting the consumer requested power amount in the consumer baseline power amount.
The consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific target value acquisition means.

The charge/discharge control unit 295 controls charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311. In particular, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 so as to match the consumer-specific demanded power amount during the demand response implementation time with the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value. Specifically, the charge/discharge control unit 295 causes the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to charge and discharge an amount of power equivalent to the difference between the consumer-specific demanded power amount during the demand response implementation time and the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value. In this way, the charge/discharge control unit 295 causes the consumer-specific demanded power amount, including the charge/discharged power amount of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311, to match the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value.
The charge/discharge control unit 295 corresponds to an example of a charge/discharge control means.

The charge/discharge control unit 295 may also stop the charge/discharge control that causes the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to charge for the consumer-specific demand response when the total demand response is a lower demand response. To this end, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer-specific demand energy target value based on the consumer-specific required energy amount updated by the consumer-specific required energy amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the consumer-specific baseline energy amount, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on the consumer-specific required energy amount target value.

In addition, when the total demand response is a lowering demand response, the charge/discharge control unit 295 may reduce the discharged power amount of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 in response to the suspension of charging for a consumer-specific demand response in the other consumer installed systems 300. In this regard, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer-specific demand power amount target value based on the consumer-specific required power amount updated by the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the consumer-specific baseline power amount, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on the consumer-specific required power amount target value.

In particular, when the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 discharges and the predicted value of the demand energy amount per consumer when demand response is not assumed to be performed is greater than the consumer baseline, the charge/discharge control unit 295 may reduce the discharge energy amount of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311. In this regard, the consumer target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer demand energy amount target value based on the consumer required energy amount updated by the consumer required energy amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the energy amount of the consumer baseline, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on the consumer required energy amount target value.

The charge/discharge control unit 295 may also stop the charge/discharge control that causes the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to discharge for the consumer-specific demand response when the total demand response is an up demand response. In this regard, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer-specific demand energy target value based on the consumer-specific required energy amount updated by the consumer-specific required energy amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the consumer-specific baseline energy amount, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on the consumer-specific required energy amount target value.

In addition, when the total demand response is an up demand response, the charge/discharge control unit 295 may reduce the amount of charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 in response to the suspension of discharging for a consumer-specific demand response in the other consumer installed systems 300. In this regard, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer-specific demand power target value based on the consumer-specific required power amount updated by the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the amount of power of the consumer-specific baseline, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on the consumer-specific required power amount target value.

In particular, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is charging and the predicted value of the demand energy amount per consumer when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the consumer baseline, the charge/discharge control unit 295 may reduce the amount of charging energy of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. In this regard, the consumer target value acquisition unit 294 may calculate a consumer demand energy amount target value based on the consumer required energy amount updated by the consumer required energy amount calculation unit 195 described above, taking into account the amount of energy of the consumer baseline, and the charge/discharge control unit 295 may control charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 based on the consumer required energy amount target value.

In addition, when peak shifting and demand response are simultaneously performed, the charge/discharge control unit 295 may be configured to control charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 based on an upper limit value set for at least one of the charging power for peak shifting or the discharging power for peak shifting.
As a result, when the chargeable/dischargeable appliance 311 is performing charging/discharging for peak shifting, it is possible to leave a margin for further charging/discharging for consumer-specific demand response.

The determination as to whether the charging/discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total demanded energy amount in the total demand response may be performed by either the upper control device 100 or the lower control device 200.
When the upper level control device 100 makes this determination, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 sets the value of the consumer-specific requested power amount for the consumer installed system 300 for which it has determined that the charging/discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total demanded power amount in the total demand response to 0. Then, the first communication unit 110 transmits the consumer-specific requested power amount to each of the consumer installed systems 300.
In the lower-level control device 200, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 in accordance with the amount of power required by each consumer, which is set to 0, thereby making it possible to cause the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to stop charging/discharging for demand response.

When the lower control device 200 determines whether the charging/discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total demand amount in the total demand response, the upper control device 100 transmits information indicating whether the total demand response is an increase demand response or a decrease demand response to each of the lower control devices 200. In the lower control device, the second communication unit 210 receives information indicating whether the total demand response is an increase demand response or a decrease demand response.

In the lower control device 200, for example, the charge/discharge control unit 295 determines whether the charge/discharge performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total amount of power demand in the total demand response. If it is determined that the charge/discharge performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total amount of power demand in the total demand response, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charge/discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 so as to stop the charge/discharge for the demand response.

Furthermore, the second communication unit 210 transmits information indicating that charging/discharging for demand response has been stopped to the upper control device 100. This allows the upper control device 100's consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 to recalculate the consumer-specific required power amount so that the amount of power for which charging/discharging has been stopped is reflected in the consumer-specific required power amount for other consumer-installed systems 300.

The "determination of whether the charging/discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for the consumer-specific demand response is in the opposite direction to the increase/decrease in the total demand energy amount in the total demand response" performed by either the upper control device 100 or the lower control device 200 is desirably performed after the baseline calculation time and before the actual demand response implementation time begins, using the consumer-specific demand energy amount forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented. However, either the upper control device 100 or the lower control device 200 may perform this determination based on the state of the consumer installed system 300 after the demand response implementation time has begun.

For example, in order to implement a consumer-specific demand response, the lower-level control device 200 may control the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 using feedback control to bring the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value during the demand response implementation time (the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value accumulated from the start to the end of the demand response) closer to the consumer-specific demand energy target value.

The lower control device 200 may determine whether the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded power by each consumer due to charging and discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is in the opposite direction to the increase in the total amount of demanded power in the total demand response. In other words, the lower control device 200 may determine whether the distinction between the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded power by each consumer due to charging and discharging performed by the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is in the opposite direction to the distinction between the increase or decrease in the total amount of demanded power in the total demand response.

Next, calculation of the baseline will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG.
6 is a diagram showing an example of the timing at which the upper level control device 100 acquires data for calculating the baseline. The overall information calculation unit 192 of the upper level control device 100 calculates a predicted value of the overall power demand of all of the consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 at the demand response implementation time (frame (i)) based on the actual power demand, and sets the predicted value as the total baseline.

Regarding the actual power demand, the power demand information acquisition unit 291 of the low-level control device 200 repeatedly acquires the power demand at the interconnection point from the smart meter 930, for example, every minute. Then, every time a frame ends (on the hour or at 30 minutes past the hour), the power demand information acquisition unit 291 calculates the integrated value of the power demand [Wh] at the interconnection point for the 30 minutes of the frame length of the finished frame. Note that the unit is indicated in [ ].
The integrated value of the power demand at the interconnection point calculated by the power demand information acquisition unit 291 corresponds to a measurement value of the power demand amount by consumer in the corresponding frame of one consumer installed system 300. The power demand information acquisition unit 291 transmits the calculated power demand amount by consumer to the upper control device 100 via the second communication unit 210.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 of the upper control device 100 calculates the average value per frame of the consumer-specific energy demand amount, such as by averaging the last six frames from the current time up to three hours ago, using the measured values of the consumer-specific energy demand amount obtained from the lower control device 200.
The consumer information acquisition unit 191 uses the average value of the consumer-specific power demand amount for the demand forecast, so that the influence of an accidental change in the measured value of the consumer-specific power demand amount can be reduced. As a result, it is expected that the forecast of the baseline (total baseline) for the total power demand amount calculated by the overall information calculation unit 192 based on the consumer-specific power demand amount will become relatively accurate.

The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may use, for example, only the power demand of frames in which the charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 of the consumer installed system 300 to be calculated was the same as the current charge/discharge state among the most recent six frames as the subject of the average value calculation. That is, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate either the average value of the power demand in frames in which the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is only charging, or the average value of the power demand in frames in which the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is only discharging.
This makes it possible to predict with relatively high accuracy the amount of power demand in the case where the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 continues the current charge/discharge state.

Alternatively, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate an average value per frame of the power demand of the consumer installed system 300 for a specified number of recent frames, including both the time during which the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is charging and the time during which the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is discharging. This makes it possible to handle a case in which the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is expected to repeatedly switch between charging and discharging between the current time and the demand response start time.
Furthermore, the period of time for which the host control device 100 uses data to calculate the average value is not limited to three hours, but may be a predetermined number of frames (predetermined period of time).

The overall information calculation unit 192 of the upper level control device 100 sums up the average values of the demanded energy amounts by consumer for all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 to calculate the total demanded energy amount for each frame.
6 shows an example in which the upper control device 100 calculates the average value of all the power demands for the most recent six frames. In the example of FIG. 6, the first communication unit 110 of the upper control device 100 receives the power demand of the consumer installed system 300 in frame (i-3), which is the most recent frame, from the lower control device 200 of the consumer installed system 300. The power demands for the frames prior to that have already been received and stored in the first storage unit 180. Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates the average value of the power demand of the consumer installed system 300 in the most recent six frames from frame (i-8) to frame (i-3).

The upper level control device 100 sets the calculated average value as a consumer-specific baseline for each consumer installed system 300 in a demand response that can be activated one hour (two frames later) from the current time.
In addition, the overall information calculation unit 192 adds up the calculated baselines for each consumer installed system 300 for all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 to calculate a baseline for the entire power system 1 (total baseline).
6 shows an example in which the gate closure is set to 30 minutes (one frame before) before the demand response start time. The upper control device 100 calculates the total baseline, for example, two frames before the start of the demand response, and transmits it to the external engine control device 910.

However, the method by which the upper control device 100 calculates the total baseline is not limited to the above method. For example, the upper control device 100 may calculate the total baseline using a known baseline calculation method. The upper control device 100 may then assign the total baseline to each of the consumer installed systems 300 to calculate a consumer-specific baseline. In this case, various criteria can be used as the criterion for assigning the total baseline to each of the consumer installed systems 300, such as the contracted amperes of each consumer or the rated capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure for calculating a baseline by the power system 1. The low-level controller 200 and the high-level controller 100 perform the processing in Fig. 7 before the gate is closed, for example, at frame (i-3).
In the process of FIG. 7, the smart meter 930 repeatedly measures the power demand of the customer installed system 300 at the interconnection point, for example, every minute, and transmits the measured power demand to the lower-level control device 200 (sequence S111).

In the low-level control device 200, the power demand information acquisition unit 291 accumulates the power demand of the consumer installed system 300 to calculate the amount of power demand by consumer for one frame (e.g., a 30-minute accumulated value) (sequence S112). The power demand information acquisition unit 291 calculates the amount of power demand for each frame.
Every time a frame ends, the second communication unit 210 transmits the amount of demanded electric energy for one frame calculated by the electric energy demand information acquisition unit 291 to the upper level control device 100 (sequence S121).
In addition, if the smart meter continuously outputs only the accumulated power consumption value, the accumulated power consumption (e.g., 10,235 [kWh]) at the start time of the relevant frame (e.g., 11:30) can be subtracted from the accumulated power consumption (e.g., 10,500 [kWh]) at the end time of the relevant frame (e.g., 12:00) to calculate the individual consumer power demand (e.g., 265 [kWh]) for the relevant frame.

In the upper control device 100, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 calculates a consumer-specific baseline (sequence S131). For example, as described with reference to FIG. 6, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates the average value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount per frame for each consumer installation system 300 as the consumer-specific baseline.

Next, the overall information calculation unit 192 of the upper level control device 100 calculates a total baseline, and the first communication unit 110 transmits the obtained total baseline to the external engine control device 910 (sequence S132). For example, the overall information calculation unit 192 calculates the sum of the consumer-specific baselines for all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 as the total baseline.
After sequence S132, the power system 1 ends the process of FIG.

Next, calculation of the possible demand response amount will be described with reference to FIG.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure for calculating a possible demand response amount by the power system 1. The power system 1 performs the processing in Fig. 8 as well as the processing in Fig. 7 before the gate is closed.
In the process of Figure 8, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 repeatedly transmits, for example every minute, status information such as the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 itself, and a measurement value of the charge/discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 itself (or a measurement value of the amount of charge/discharge power) to the lower-level control device 200 (sequence S211).

In the lower-level control device 200, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 acquires information on the amount of stored power and available capacity based on information from the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, and also accumulates the charging power and discharging power (sequence S212). When a measurement value of the amount of charging/discharging power is sent, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 acquires the measured amount of charging power and discharging power.

The amount of stored power and available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 may be allocated for each service. In this case, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 may calculate the amount of stored power and available capacity available for demand response by subtracting the amount of stored power and available capacity allocated to uses other than demand response by consumer from the amount of stored power and available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311.

The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 may calculate the amount of stored power available for consumer-specific demand response by subtracting the amount of power allocated to uses other than consumer-specific demand response, such as a business continuity plan (BCP), from the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311.
The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 acquires information on the amount of stored power and the available capacity at the time each time a frame ends. The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 may acquire information on the amount of stored power and the available capacity more frequently.

Furthermore, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 calculates the amount of charge power for one frame by integrating the charge power out of the charge/discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. The charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 calculates the amount of discharge power for one frame by integrating the discharge power out of the charge/discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311. When a measurement value of the amount of charge/discharge power is sent, the charge/discharge information acquisition unit 292 uses the measured amount of charge power and discharge power for one frame to calculate the value.
Each time a frame ends, the second communication unit 210 transmits information regarding the amount of stored power, available capacity, amount of charged power for one frame, and amount of discharged power for one frame of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to the upper control device 100 (sequence S221).

In the upper control device 100, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates the average amount of charging power per frame and the average amount of discharging power per frame for each consumer-installed system 300 (sequence S231). Based on the amount of charging power and the amount of discharging power for each frame acquired from the lower control device 200, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates the average amount of charging power and the average amount of discharging power for the most recent specified frame, such as the most recent six frames up to three hours ago from the current time.

Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates, for each consumer-installed system 300, a predicted charging energy amount value and a predicted discharging energy amount value from the current time to the demand response start time (sequence S232). For example, if there are two frames from the current time to the demand response start time, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate a value obtained by doubling the average charging energy amount per frame as the predicted charging energy amount value. Similarly, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may calculate a value obtained by doubling the average discharging energy amount per frame as the predicted discharging energy amount value.

Next, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates, for each consumer installed system 300, the chargeable amount and dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at the demand response start time.
As described above, the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 depend on the amount of stored power in the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311. The amount of power that the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 can charge is restricted to an available capacity obtained by subtracting the amount of stored power from the rated capacity. Also, the amount of power that the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 can discharge is restricted to an amount of stored power.
The chargeable amount that depends on the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is also referred to as a chargeable amount based on the amount of stored power or a chargeable amount (amount of stored power). The dischargeable amount that depends on the amount of stored power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is also referred to as a dischargeable amount based on the amount of stored power or a dischargeable amount (amount of stored power).

As described above, the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 also depend on the rated charging power and rated discharging power of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311. The amount of power [Wh] that the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 can charge in one frame is restricted to be equal to or less than the amount of power obtained by multiplying the rated charging power [W] of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 by the frame length [h]. Also, the amount of power [Wh] that the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 can discharge in one frame is restricted to be equal to or less than the amount of power obtained by multiplying the rated discharging power [W] of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 by the frame length [h].

The chargeable amount depending on the rated charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is also referred to as a chargeable amount based on the rating or a chargeable amount (rated). The dischargeable amount depending on the rated discharging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is also referred to as a dischargeable amount based on the rating or a dischargeable amount (rated).
A chargeable amount taking into consideration both the chargeable amount based on the stored amount and the chargeable amount based on the rated amount is also referred to as a total chargeable amount or a chargeable amount (total). A dischargeable amount taking into consideration both the dischargeable amount based on the stored amount and the dischargeable amount based on the rated amount is also referred to as a total dischargeable amount or a dischargeable amount (total).

In the example of Fig. 8, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates, for each consumer installed system 300, a chargeable amount based on the stored amount of power in the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 and a dischargeable amount based on the stored amount (sequence S233). The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 also estimates, for each consumer installed system 300, a chargeable amount based on the rated value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 and a dischargeable amount based on the rated value (sequence S234). Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates, for each consumer installed system 300, a total chargeable amount and a total dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 (sequence S235).
However, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may perform the processing of sequence S234 before the processing of sequence S233.

Regarding estimation of the chargeable amount (storage amount) (sequence S233), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the remaining amount of energy obtained by subtracting the predicted charging energy amount from the current time to the demand response start time from the chargeable amount (storage amount) of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at the current time, as the chargeable amount (storage amount) at the demand response start time.
The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may use the available capacity transmitted by the lower control device 200 in sequence S221 as the chargeable amount (storage amount) of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at the current time to estimate the chargeable amount (storage amount) at the demand response start time. When the lower control device 200 transmits the available capacity available for consumer-specific demand response in sequence S221, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may estimate the available capacity available for consumer-specific demand response at the demand response start time as the chargeable amount (storage amount).

Regarding estimation of the dischargeable amount (storage amount) (sequence S233), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the remaining amount of electricity, obtained by subtracting the predicted discharge amount of electricity from the current time to the start time of the demand response, from the dischargeable amount (storage amount) of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 at the current time, as the dischargeable amount (storage amount) at the start time of the demand response.
The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may use the amount of stored power transmitted by the lower-level control device 200 in sequence S221 as the dischargeable amount (storage amount) of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at the current time to estimate the dischargeable amount (storage amount) at the demand response start time. When the lower-level control device 200 transmits the amount of stored power available for consumer-specific demand response in sequence S221, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 may estimate the amount of stored power available for consumer-specific demand response at the demand response start time as the dischargeable amount (storage amount).

In this way, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates separately the predicted charging energy amount value and the predicted discharging energy amount value from the current time to the demand response start time. The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 then uses the estimated charging energy amount to estimate the chargeable amount, and uses the estimated discharging energy amount to estimate the dischargeable amount. As a result, both the chargeable amount and the dischargeable amount are calculated to be smaller than when an estimated charging/discharging energy amount that does not distinguish between charging and discharging is used. In this respect, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 can estimate the chargeable amount and the dischargeable amount on the safe side.

Regarding estimation of the dischargeable amount based on the rating (sequence S234), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the dischargeable amount based on the rating of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 based on formula (1).

Regarding estimation of the chargeable capacity based on the rating (sequence S234), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the chargeable capacity based on the rating of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 based on formula (2).

For estimating the overall dischargeable amount (sequence S235), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 compares the dischargeable amount estimate based on the stored energy amount estimated in sequence S233 with the dischargeable amount estimate based on the rated capacity estimated in sequence S234 (based on formula 1). Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the smaller of the dischargeable amount estimate based on the stored energy amount and the dischargeable amount estimate based on the rated capacity as the overall dischargeable amount at the demand response start time.

For estimating the overall chargeable amount (sequence S235), the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 compares the chargeable amount estimate based on the stored power amount estimated in sequence S233 with the chargeable amount estimate based on the rated power amount estimated in sequence S234 (based on formula 2). Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 estimates the smaller of the chargeable amount estimate based on the stored power amount and the chargeable amount estimate based on the rated power amount as the overall chargeable amount at the demand response start time.

Next, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 acquires the possible amount of downward demand response (possible amount of downward demand response per consumer) and the possible amount of upward demand response (possible amount of upward demand response per consumer) for each consumer installed system 300.
Specifically, for each consumer installed system 300, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 compares the total dischargeable amount [Wh] of the chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 at the demand response start time with the consumer-specific baseline [Wh] in frame (i). Then, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates the smaller value of either the total dischargeable amount or the consumer-specific baseline as the downward demand response possible amount [Wh] (consumer-specific downward demand response possible amount) in the demand response implementation time (frame (i)) of the consumer installed system 300. As described above, this is because, under the constraint that the consumer installed system 300 cannot perform reverse power flow to the power grid 920, the power demand cannot be reduced to a level equal to or greater than the consumer-specific baseline, which is a predicted value of the power demand.

On the other hand, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges, no reverse power flow occurs from the consumer installed system 300 to the power grid 920. Therefore, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 uses the total chargeable amount for each consumer installed system 300 at the demand response start time as the up-demand response possible amount (up-demand response possible amount by consumer) during the demand response implementation time of that consumer installed system 300.

Next, the overall information calculation unit 192 calculates the possible amount of upward demand response and the possible amount of downward demand response for the entire power system 1, and transmits the calculated amount to the external engine control device 910 via the first communication unit 110 (sequence S237).
The overall information calculation unit 192 calculates the amount of power obtained by adding up the possible up demand response amounts for each consumer installed system 300 for all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 as the possible up demand response amount for the entire power system 1 in frame (i), i.e., the total possible up demand response amount. Also, the overall information calculation unit 192 calculates the amount of power obtained by adding up the possible down demand response amounts for each consumer installed system 300 for all consumer installed systems 300 included in the power system 1 as the possible down demand response amount for the entire power system 1 in frame (i), i.e., the total possible down demand response amount.
After sequence S237, the power system 1 ends the process of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a baseline, a possible amount of demand response, and notification timing of a demand response command in the power system 1.
In the example of Fig. 9, the gate is closed 30 minutes before the demand response start time, as in the case of Fig. 8. The upper control device 100 notifies the external engine control device 910 of the total baseline, the total possible amount of up-demand response, and the total possible amount of down-demand response before the gate is closed, for example, up to 45 minutes before the demand response start time.

The service recipient (or the service recipient system) determines the demand response request amount within the range of the demand response possible amount notified by the upper control device 100. The service recipient (or the service recipient system) inputs the determined demand response request amount to the external engine control device 910 as the amount of power to be increased or decreased from the baseline. The external engine control device 910 notifies the upper control device 100 of a demand response command including the input demand response request amount by one frame before the demand response start time (at the time of gate close in the example of Figure 9).

In the case of a down demand response, the upper control device 100 receives from the external engine control device 910 the demand response start time (expected demand response activation time) and the total down demand response request amount for the total baseline. At this time, the external engine control device 910 transmits to the upper control device 100 a value equal to or less than the total down demand response possible amount notified to the external engine control device 910 by the upper control device 100 as the amount of power for one demand response implementation period (0.5 hours) as the total down demand response request amount.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure in which the power system 1 calculates a target power amount for each of the consumer installed systems 300 based on a total demand response command value from the external engine control device 910.
10 , the external engine control device 910 transmits a demand response command to the upper control device 100 (sequence S311). The external engine control device 910 transmits either a decrease demand response command including a total decrease demand response request amount, or an increase demand response command including a total increase demand response request amount.

In the upper control device 100 that receives the demand response command, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-specific required power amount for each consumer-installed system 300 based on the latest status information of each consumer-installed system 300 at that time (sequence S321).

When the demand response requested by the external agency control device 910 is a downward demand response, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 allocates the total downward demand response requested amount from the external agency control device 910 to each of the consumer installed systems 300. As a result, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-specific requested power amount (request amount of downward demand response) for each of the consumer installed systems 300.

When the demand response requested by the external agency control device 910 is an upward demand response, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 allocates the total upward demand response requested amount from the external agency control device 910 to each of the consumer-installed systems 300. As a result, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-specific requested power amount (the requested amount of upward demand response) for each of the consumer-installed systems 300.

Next, the first communication unit 110 of the upper control device 100 transmits the demand response start time, the consumer-specific baseline, and the consumer-specific requested power amount for the consumer-specific baseline to the lower control device 200 of each consumer installed system 300 (sequence S322).
The upper control device 100 transmits the consumer-specific baseline and the consumer-specific requested power amount for the consumer-specific baseline to the lower control device 200, so that the lower control device 200 can calculate a consumer-specific demand power amount target value to be targeted in the consumer-specific demand response. As a result, even if the demand power amount of the consumer installed system 300 at the demand response implementation time fluctuates from the consumer-specific baseline, the lower control device 200 can perform the requested consumer-specific demand response with higher accuracy by adjusting the power supply and demand based on the demand power amount target value.

Alternatively, the upper control device 100 may not transmit the baseline of the consumer installed system 300 , but may transmit the demand response start time and the consumer-specific requested power amount to the lower control device 200 .
When the demand response requested by the external engine control device 910 is a downward demand response, the upper control device 100 may transmit to the lower control device 200 the demand response start time, the consumer-specific baseline, and the discharge power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 calculated using equation (3) (equation (3) represents the case where the operating state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for purposes other than demand response immediately before the demand response is discharging).

The upper control device 100 may transmit values such as the value of the discharge power average value x frame length and the consumer-specific requested power amount (here, the amount of downward demand response to the consumer-specific baseline) to the lower control device 200. Then, the lower control device 200 may calculate the discharge power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 using the values received from the upper control device 100.
Alternatively, if the memory capacity of the lower-level control device 200 is sufficiently large, the lower-level control device 200 may store historical data on the discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311, calculate the value of “average discharge power amount [W] x frame length [h]” in equation (3), and use this value to calculate the discharge power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311.

When the demand response requested by the external engine control device 910 is an upward demand response, the upper control device 100 may transmit to the lower control device 200 the demand response start time, the consumer-specific baseline, and the charging power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 calculated using equation (4) (equation (4) represents the case where the operating state of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for a purpose other than demand response immediately before the demand response is charging).

In this case, the upper control device 100 may also transmit values such as the value of the charging power average value x frame length and the consumer-specific requested power amount (here, the amount of increased demand response to the consumer-specific baseline) to the lower control device 200. Then, the lower control device 200 may calculate the charging power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 using the values received from the upper control device 100.
Alternatively, if the memory capacity of the lower-level control device 200 is sufficiently large, the lower-level control device 200 may store historical data on the charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, calculate the value of “average charging power amount [W] × frame length [h]” in equation (4), and use that value to calculate the charging power amount setting value of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311.

When the upper control device 100 transmits the demand response start time, the consumer-specific baseline, and the consumer-specific requested power amount in sequence S322, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 of the lower control device 200 calculates the consumer-specific demand power amount target value (sequence S331). The consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 calculates the consumer-specific demand power amount target value by reflecting the consumer-specific requested power amount in the power amount of the consumer-specific baseline.
After sequence S331, the power system 1 ends the process of FIG.

When the demand response start time arrives, each of the consumer installed systems 300 implements a consumer-specific demand response.
If the consumer installed system 300 is implementing an energy management service before the demand response starts, the implementation of the energy management service continues until the demand response start time. In this way, by determining in advance whether the consumer installed system 300 will continue implementing the service until the demand response start time, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 of the upper control device 100 can predict with higher accuracy the storage capacity and available capacity of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 at the demand response start time.

When a demand response is being implemented (frame (i)), the upper level control device 100 can either stop the energy management service or continue implementing the energy management service.
When the consumer-specific demand response is a downward demand response, the chargeable/dischargeable appliances 311 of the consumer installed system 300 discharge power to a degree that does not cause reverse power flow to the power grid 920, in accordance with the control of the lower-level control device 200 and the XEMS 321. On the other hand, when the consumer-specific demand response is an upward demand response, the chargeable/dischargeable appliances 311 charge power, so that no reverse power flow to the power grid 920 occurs.

Next, charging and discharging in each of the consumer installed systems 300 will be described for the cases where the total demand response request is a downward demand response and where the total demand response request is an upward demand response.
<State of the customer installed system 300 in the case of downward demand response>
In the case of downward demand response, the target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer is smaller than the baseline value for each consumer. The relationship between these values and the forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer when demand response is not implemented is as follows:
(Case 1d) Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented ≦ Target value of demand energy per consumer (Case 2d) Target value of demand energy per consumer < Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented ≦ Baseline per consumer (Case 3d) Baseline per consumer < Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented

<Implementation method 1 of downward demand response>
In the implementation method 1 of downward demand response, the consumer-specific demand energy target value is achieved as follows for each consumer installed system 300 depending on which of the above three cases applies.

(Case 1d)
The consumer installed system 300 implements an upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to charge the amount of electricity that is the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of electricity by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer to the target value.

11 is a diagram showing a first example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy for each consumer in a demand response, in which the horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 11 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy.
FIG. 11 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 1d.
11 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. In the following explanation, frames (i-2) and (i-1) refer to past frames, frame (i) refers to the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) refers to a future frame.

Line L111 indicates the customer-specific baseline from frame (i-2) to frame (i+1).
Line L112 indicates the actual values of the amount of power demanded by each consumer in each of frames (i-2) and (i-1).
A line L113 indicates a target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer in the demand response for each consumer. The target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer is a value obtained by reflecting the requested amount in the demand response for each consumer in the baseline for each consumer.

A line L114 indicates the latest forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer. The latest forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer indicated by the line L114 corresponds to the forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not performed. In the example of Fig. 11, the forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not performed is equal to or less than the target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer.
An arrow B111 indicates the requested amount in the demand response.
An arrow B112 indicates a target value for an increase or decrease in the amount of power demand for each consumer.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges the amount of power indicated by the arrow B112, so that the consumer-specific power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer-specific power demand amount target value.

(Case 2d)
The consumer installed system 300 implements a downward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to discharge the amount of electricity that is the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of electricity by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer to the target value.

12 is a diagram showing a second example of a target increase or decrease in the amount of demanded power for each consumer in a demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in FIG 12 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of power.
FIG. 12 shows an example of the amount of demanded power of one customer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 2d.
12 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

Lines L111 to L113 and arrow B111 in Fig. 12 are the same as those in Fig. 11. Also, the latest predicted value of electric energy demand indicated by line L124 corresponds to the predicted value of electric energy demand by consumer when demand response is not assumed to be performed, which is also the same as in Fig. 11.
Fig. 12 differs from Fig. 11 in that the predicted value of demand energy amount by consumer when demand response is not assumed to be performed (line L124) is greater than the target value of demand energy amount by consumer (line L113) and is equal to or less than the baseline by consumer (line L111). Accordingly, the target value of increase/decrease in the power demand amount by consumer indicated by the arrow B122 is a decrease in the amount of power.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 discharges the amount of power indicated by the arrow B122, so that the consumer-specific power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer-specific power demand amount target value.

(Case 3d)
The consumer installed system 300 implements a downward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
As in case 2d, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to discharge the amount of electricity that is the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer when demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of electricity by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer to the target value.

13 is a diagram showing a third example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response, in which the horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 13 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy amount.
FIG. 13 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 3d.
13 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

Lines L111 to L113 and an arrow B111 in Fig. 13 are the same as those in Fig. 11. Also, the latest forecast value of the demand energy amount by consumer indicated by line L134 corresponds to the forecast value of the demand energy amount by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not performed, which is also the same as in Fig. 11.
13 differs from the case of Fig. 11 in that the predicted value of the demand energy amount by consumer (line L134) when demand response is not assumed to be performed is greater than the baseline (line L111). Accordingly, the target value of the increase/decrease in the energy demand amount by consumer indicated by the arrow B132 is a decrease in the amount of energy.
By the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 discharging the amount of power indicated by the arrow B132, the consumer power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer power demand amount target value.

However, the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can discharge due to the demand response is limited to an amount of power equal to or less than the total dischargeable amount [Wh] described above. The total dischargeable amount is the smaller of the dischargeable amount based on the amount of stored power or the dischargeable amount based on the rating.
When the total dischargeable amount is insufficient for the amount of discharge power required for downward demand response, the insufficient amount of power becomes an error in the amount of demand response performed relative to the requested amount.

Between Case 2d and Case 3d, in which downward demand response is performed, it is generally considered that the amount of discharged power required for downward demand response is greater in Case 3d, in which the forecasted value of the demanded power amount by consumer when demand response is not assumed to be performed is greater than the baseline by consumer. Given this, there is a relatively high possibility that the total dischargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of discharged power required for downward demand response in the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to Case 3d.

<Implementation method 2 of downward demand response>
In implementation method 2 of downward demand response, for each consumer installed system 300, charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 is performed as follows depending on which of the above three cases applies, thereby achieving the target demand energy value for the entire consumer installed system 300 of the power system 1.

(Case 1d)
The consumer installed system 300 does not implement consumer-specific demand response.
14 is a diagram showing a fourth example of a target increase or decrease in the amount of demanded power for each consumer in demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 14 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of power.
FIG. 14 shows an example of the demand energy amount for each consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 1d.

14 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.
The lines L111, L112, L114 and the arrow B111 in FIG. 14 are similar to those in FIG.
Fig. 14 differs from Fig. 11 in that the target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer is reset. The target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer is reset from the amount of energy indicated by line L143 to the amount of energy indicated by line L114 (the latest predicted value of the demand energy amount for each consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not performed).

In the example of Figure 14, the reset target value of demand energy per consumer is set to the latest predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not expected to be implemented, so the required energy per consumer is set to 0.
Therefore, the chargeable/dischargeable appliance 311 does not perform charging to match the consumer demanded energy amount in the consumer demand response to the demanded energy amount target value.

As in the consumer installation system 300 of case 1d in implementation method 1 described above, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges for upward demand response, losses occur in both the AC/DC conversion during charging and the DC/AC conversion during discharging of the charged power. In contrast, in case 1d in implementation method 2, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 of the consumer installation system 300 does not need to charge for upward demand response or discharge the amount of charged power. In this respect, the consumer installation system 300 can avoid power loss.

(Case 2d)
In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to discharge the amount of power corresponding to the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of power by the consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not performed) of the demand amount of power by the consumer, in the same manner as in case 2d in the implementation method 1 described above, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of power by the consumer to the target value.

(Case 3d)
After the upper level control device 100 resets the consumer-specific power demand target value, the consumer installation system 300 implements a downward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In implementation method 2, the demand energy of the entire consumer installed system 300 of the power system 1 is reduced by the amount that the chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1d do not charge. The upper control device 100 allocates the reduction in the demand energy to the consumer-specific demand energy target value of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d, thereby resetting the consumer-specific demand energy target value of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d to a larger value (i.e., the amount of downward demand response can be reduced).

15 is a diagram showing a fifth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. In the graph of FIG. 15, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents energy amount.
FIG. 15 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 3d.
15 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

The lines L111, L112, L114 and the arrow B111 in FIG. 15 are the same as those in FIG.
Fig. 15 differs from Fig. 13 in that the consumer-specific demand power target value is reset. The consumer-specific demand power target value is reset from the power amount indicated by line L153 to the power amount indicated by line L155. The consumer-specific demand power target value after reset indicated by line L155 is greater than the consumer-specific demand power target value before reset indicated by line L153, because the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1d does not perform charging to match the consumer-specific demand power amount in demand response to the consumer-specific demand power target value. As a result, the power demand increase/decrease target value indicated by arrow B152 has a smaller decrease in power amount than the power demand increase/decrease target value before the consumer-specific demand power target value is reset indicated by arrow B132 in Fig. 13.

When the consumer installation system 300 corresponding to case 3d performs a downward demand response based on the reset target value, the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 must discharge becomes smaller than before the reset. This reduces the possibility that the total dischargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of discharge power required for the downward demand response. In this respect, according to implementation method 2, it is possible to reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested.

Here, the case where there is only one consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1d and one consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d has been described as an example, but the same method can be applied to the case where there are multiple consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 1d and/or multiple consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3d. In this case, the above-mentioned effect can be obtained by stopping charging of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1d and resetting the demand response target value (demanded power amount by consumer) of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d in accordance with the reduction in the demand power amount (total demand power amount) of the entire power system 1.

At this time, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 of the upper control device 100 allocates the decrease in the total demanded power amount within the range of the amount of power that each consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d can discharge by demand response. In other words, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 updates the consumer-specific required power amount of the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d so that the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d does not fall into the situation of case 1d.

Various methods can be used by the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 to determine how much of the decrease in the total demanded power should be allocated to each consumer installation system 300 among the consumer installation systems 300 that fall under case 3d.
For example, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 may allocate the decrease in the total demanded power amount to the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3d, starting from the consumer installed systems 300 in which the chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 can discharge the least amount of power for demand response. This can reduce the risk that the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3d will be unable to implement consumer-specific demand response.

Alternatively, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may allocate the reduction in the total demanded power evenly to all consumer-installed systems 300 that fall under case 3d. In this case, the calculations performed by the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 are relatively simple, so the load on the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 is light, and the risk that a consumer-installed system 300 that falls under case 3d will be unable to implement demand response can be reduced.

In addition, when the number of consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 1d is greater than the number of consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3d, for example, when the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3d alone are unable to absorb the decrease in the total demanded power amount, the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 may also allocate the decrease in the total demanded power amount to the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 2d. This can also reduce the demand response amount of the consumer installed systems corresponding to case 2d.

<State of the consumer installed system 300 in the case of upward demand response>
In the case of upward demand response, the target value of the demand energy amount for each consumer is greater than the baseline value for each consumer. The relationship between these values and the forecast value of the demand energy amount for each consumer when demand response is not implemented is as follows:
(Case 1u) Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented ≧ Target value of demand energy per consumer (Case 2u) Target value of demand energy per consumer > Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented ≧ Baseline per consumer (Case 3u) Baseline per consumer > Predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not implemented.

<Implementation method 1 of upward demand response>
In the first implementation method of upward demand response, the consumer-specific demand energy target value is achieved as follows for each consumer installed system 300 depending on which of the above three cases applies.

(Case 1u)
The consumer installed system 300 implements a downward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to discharge the amount of electricity that is the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of electricity by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer to the target value.

Fig. 16 is a diagram showing a sixth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 16 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy amount.
FIG. 16 shows an example of the amount of demanded power of one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 1u.
16 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Here again, frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is the future frame.

Line L211 indicates the customer-specific baseline from frame (i-2) to frame (i+1).
Line L212 indicates the actual values of the amount of power demanded by each consumer in each of frames (i-2) and (i-1).
A line L213 indicates a consumer-specific power amount target value in demand response.

A line L214 indicates the latest forecast value of the demand energy amount per consumer. The latest forecast value of the demand energy amount per consumer indicated by the line L214 corresponds to the forecast value of the demand energy amount per consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not performed. In the example of Fig. 16, the forecast value of the demand energy amount per consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not performed is equal to or greater than the target value of the demand energy amount per consumer.
An arrow B211 indicates the requested amount in the demand response.
An arrow B212 indicates a target value for an increase or decrease in the amount of power demand for each consumer.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 discharges the amount of power indicated by the arrow B212, so that the consumer-specific power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer-specific power demand amount target value.

(For case 2u)
The consumer installed system 300 implements an upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to charge the amount of electricity that is the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of electricity by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of electricity by consumer to the target value.

Fig. 17 is a diagram showing a seventh example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 17 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy amount.
FIG. 17 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 2u.
17 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

Lines L211 to L213 and arrow B211 in Fig. 17 are the same as those in Fig. 16. In addition, the latest forecast value of demand energy amount by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented, indicated by line L224, corresponds to the forecast value of demand energy amount by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented, also in the same manner as in Fig. 16.
17 differs from the case of Fig. 16 in that the predicted value of the demand energy amount by consumer (line L224) when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the target value of the demand energy amount by consumer (line L213) and is equal to or larger than the baseline by consumer (line L211). Accordingly, the target value of the increase/decrease in the demand amount by consumer indicated by the arrow B222 is an increase in the amount of energy.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges the amount of power indicated by the arrow B122, so that the consumer-specific power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer-specific power demand amount target value.

(Case 3u)
The consumer installed system 300 implements an upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
As in case 2d, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to charge the amount of power equal to the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the demand amount of power by consumer when demand response is not implemented) of the demand amount of power by consumer, thereby adjusting the actual value of the demand amount of power by consumer to the target value.

Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an eighth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 18 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy amount.
FIG. 18 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 3u.
18 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

Lines L211 to L213 and an arrow B211 in Fig. 18 are the same as those in Fig. 16. In addition, the latest forecast value of demand energy amount by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented, indicated by line L234, corresponds to the forecast value of demand energy amount by consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented, also in the same manner as in Fig. 16.
18 differs from the case of Fig. 16 in that the predicted value of the demand energy amount by consumer (line L234) when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the baseline by consumer (line L211). Accordingly, the target value of increase/decrease in the demand energy amount by consumer indicated by the arrow B232 is an increase in the amount of energy.
The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 charges the amount of power indicated by the arrow B232, so that the consumer-specific power demand amount can be adjusted to the consumer-specific power demand amount target value.

However, the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can charge for demand response is limited to an amount of power equal to or less than the total chargeable amount [Wh] described above. The total chargeable amount is the smaller of the chargeable amount based on the amount of stored power or the chargeable amount based on the rating.
When the total chargeable amount is insufficient for the amount of charging power required for upward demand response, the insufficient amount of power becomes an error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested.

Between Case 2u and Case 3u, in which an upward demand response is performed, it is generally considered that the amount of charging power required for the upward demand response is greater in Case 3u, in which the forecasted value of the consumer-specific demand energy amount when demand response is not assumed to be performed is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline. Given this, in the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to Case 3u, there is a relatively high possibility that the total chargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of charging power required for the upward demand response.

<Implementation method of upward demand response 2>
In method 2 of implementing upward demand response, for each consumer installation system 300, charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 is performed as follows depending on which of the above three cases applies, thereby achieving the target demand energy value for the entire consumer installation system 300 of the power system 1.

(Case 1u)
The consumer installed system 300 does not implement consumer-specific demand response.
Fig. 19 is a diagram showing a ninth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 19 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates energy amount.
FIG. 19 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 1u.

19 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.
The lines L211, L212, L214 and the arrow B211 in FIG. 19 are similar to those in FIG.
Fig. 19 differs from Fig. 16 in that the consumer-specific demand power amount target value is reset. The consumer-specific demand power amount target value is reset from the amount of power indicated by line L243 to the amount of power indicated by line L214 (the latest consumer-specific demand power amount forecast value when it is assumed that demand response is not performed).

In the example of Figure 19, the reset target value of demand energy per consumer is set to the latest predicted value of demand energy per consumer when demand response is not expected to be implemented, so the required energy per consumer is set to 0.
Therefore, the chargeable/dischargeable appliance 311 does not discharge in order to match the consumer demanded power amount in the demand response to the consumer demanded power amount target value.

As in the consumer installation system 300 of case 1u in implementation method 1 described above, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 discharges for downward demand response, losses occur in both the DC/AC conversion during discharge and the AC/DC conversion during charging of the discharged power. In contrast, in case 1u in implementation method 2, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 of the consumer installation system 300 does not need to discharge for downward demand response or charge the discharged amount of power. In this respect, the consumer installation system 300 can avoid power loss.

(For case 2u)
The consumer installed system 300 implements an upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response. In this case, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to charge the amount of power corresponding to the difference between the target value and the predicted value (the predicted value of the consumer-specific demand amount when it is assumed that the demand response is not implemented) of the consumer-specific demand amount, in the same manner as in case 2u in the implementation method 1 described above, thereby adjusting the actual value of the consumer-specific demand amount to the target value.

(Case 3u)
After the upper level control device 100 resets the power demand target value, the consumer installation system 300 implements an upward demand response as a consumer-specific demand response.
In implementation technique 2, the demand energy of the entire consumer installed system 300 of the power system 1 increases by an amount corresponding to the amount of discharging not performed by the chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1u. The upper control device 100 allocates the increase in the demand energy to the consumer-specific demand energy target value of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u, thereby resetting the consumer-specific demand energy target value of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u to a smaller value (i.e., the amount of upward demand response can be reduced).

20 is a diagram showing a tenth example of a target increase or decrease in demand energy amount for each consumer in demand response. In the graph of FIG. 20, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents energy amount.
FIG. 20 shows an example of the amount of demanded power by consumer in one consumer installed system 300 in each frame from one hour before to one hour after the demand response start time in case 3u.
20 shows an example when demand response is being implemented. Frames (i-2) and (i-1) are past frames, frame (i) is the current frame (the frame including the current time), and frame (i+1) is a future frame.

The lines L211, L212, L214 and the arrow B211 in FIG. 20 are similar to those in FIG.
Fig. 20 differs from Fig. 18 in that the consumer-specific demand power target value is reset. The consumer-specific demand power target value is reset from the power amount indicated by line L253 to the power amount indicated by line L255. The consumer-specific demand power target value after reset indicated by line L255 is smaller than the consumer-specific demand power target value before reset indicated by line L253, because the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1u does not discharge to match the consumer-specific demand power amount in the demand response to the consumer-specific demand power target value. As a result, the increase/decrease target value of the power demand indicated by arrow B252 has a smaller increase in power amount than the increase/decrease target value before the consumer-specific demand power target value is reset indicated by arrow B232 in Fig. 18.

When the consumer installation system 300 corresponding to case 3u performs an upward demand response based on the reset target value, the amount of power that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 must charge becomes smaller than before the reset. This reduces the possibility that the total chargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of charging power required for the upward demand response. In this respect, according to implementation method 2, it is possible to reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested.

Here, the case where there is only one consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1u and one consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u has been described as an example, but the same method can be applied when there are multiple consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 1u and/or multiple consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u. In this case, the above-mentioned effect can be obtained by stopping the discharge of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 1u and resetting the demand response target value (demanded power amount by consumer) of the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u according to the increase in the demand power amount (total demand power amount) of the entire power system 1.

At this time, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 of the upper control device 100 allocates the increase in the total demanded power within the range of the amount of power that each of the consumer-installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u can charge by demand response. In other words, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 updates the consumer-specific required power of the consumer-installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u so that the consumer-installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u do not fall into the situation of case 1u.

Various methods can be used by the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 to determine how much of the increase in total demanded power should be allocated to each consumer installation system 300 among the consumer installation systems 300 that fall under case 3u.
For example, the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 195 may allocate the increase in the total demanded power amount to the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u, starting from the consumer installed systems 300 in which the chargeable/dischargeable devices 311 can charge the smallest amount of power for demand response. This can reduce the risk that the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u will be unable to implement consumer-specific demand response.

Alternatively, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may allocate the increase in the total power demand evenly to all consumer-installed systems 300 that fall under case 3u. In this case, the calculations performed by the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 are relatively simple, so the load on the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 is light, and the risk that a consumer-installed system 300 that falls under case 3u will be unable to implement demand response can be reduced.

In addition, when the number of consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 1u is greater than the number of consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u, for example, when the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 3u alone are unable to absorb the increase in the total power demand, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may also allocate the increase in the total power demand to the consumer installed systems 300 corresponding to case 2u. This can also reduce the demand response amount of the consumer installed systems corresponding to case 2u.

Fig. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure in which the power system 1 resets the charge/discharge power target values of each chargeable/dischargeable device 311. The power system 1 performs the processing in Fig. 21 after the gate is closed, for example, when a demand response is performed.
21 are similar to the sequences S111 to S121 in FIG.

After sequence S421, in the upper control device 100, the consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates a consumer-specific demand energy forecast value (a consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not expected to be implemented) (sequence S431). The consumer-specific information acquisition unit 191 calculates a consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not expected to be implemented, for example, in a manner similar to the method for calculating the consumer-specific baseline in sequence S131 of FIG. 7. Because the baseline value cannot be changed, the power system 1 treats the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not expected to be implemented, calculated in sequence S431, as a value separate from the consumer-specific baseline.

Next, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-installed system 300 for which charging/discharging for the demand response is to be stopped (sequence S432). When the total demand response is a down demand response, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to the above-mentioned case 1d as the consumer-installed system 300 for which charging for the demand response is to be stopped. When the total demand response is an up demand response, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 determines the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to the above-mentioned case 1u as the consumer-installed system 300 for which discharging for the demand response is to be stopped.

The consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 also calculates the total value of the demand energy for the portion of charging and discharging that has been suspended (sequence S433). If the total demand response is a downward demand response, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 calculates the total value of the decrease in the demand energy due to the suspension of charging for the consumer-specific demand response. If the total demand response is an upward demand response, the consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 195 calculates the total value of the increase in the demand energy due to the suspension of discharging for the consumer-specific demand response.

Next, the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 allocates the total value of the demanded power amount for the portion for which charging and discharging has been suspended to the consumer installed system 300, and recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount (sequence S434).
When the total demand response is a down demand response, the consumer-specific requested power calculation unit 195 allocates the total value of the decrease in the demanded power amount due to the suspension of charging for the consumer-specific demand response (decrease in the total consumer power amount) to the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to the above-mentioned case 3d, and recalculates the consumer-specific requested power amount. When the decrease in the total demanded power amount cannot be allocated only to the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 3d, the consumer-specific requested power calculation unit 195 may allocate the decrease in the total demanded power amount also to the consumer installed system 300 corresponding to case 2d.

When the total demand response is an upward demand response, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 allocates the total value of the increase in the demand power due to the suspension of discharge for the consumer-specific demand response (the increase in the total consumer power) to the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u described above, and recalculates the consumer-specific required power. When the increase in the total demand power cannot be allocated to the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 3u alone, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 may allocate the increase in the total demand power to the consumer-installed system 300 corresponding to case 2u as well.

Then, the consumer required power amount calculation unit 195 transmits the recalculated consumer required power amount to the lower-level control device 200 via the first communication unit 110 (sequence S435).
In the low-level control device 200, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 recalculates the consumer-specific target power amount (sequence S441). The consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 recalculates the consumer-specific target power amount in a manner similar to the method of calculating the consumer-specific target power amount in sequence S331 of FIG. 10 .
After sequence S441, the power system 1 ends the process of FIG.
It is preferable that the power system 1 repeatedly performs the process of Fig. 21, for example, every minute. This is expected to improve the accuracy of demand response implementation. Furthermore, the more frequently the power system 1 repeatedly performs the process of Fig. 21, the more frequently the state of each of the consumer installed systems 300 can be grasped, and it is expected to further improve the accuracy of demand response implementation.

Next, a method in which the lower level control device 200 controls charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable device 311 will be described.
<Charge/discharge control method when peak shift mode is available>
In the customer-installed system 300 in which the control logic of the lower-level control device 200 as a power conditioning system has a peak shift mode, the charge/discharge for demand response may be reflected in the target power in the peak shift mode. This allows charging/discharging for demand response to be performed in real time using the charge/discharge control function for peak shifting.

As the target power in the peak shift mode, the target value of the demand power [W] of the consumer installed system 300 at the interconnection point between the consumer installed system 300 and the power grid 920 (= consumer-specific demand power [W]) is set. Normally, when control for demand response is not performed in the peak shift mode, this target value is set to approximately 0 during the discharging time period when the electricity rate is high, and the lower control device 200 as a power conditioning system controls the discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 in real time according to this target value. On the other hand, during the charging time period when the electricity rate is low, the target value of the demand power [W] is not used to control the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, and the charging upper limit power (for example, the rated value of the charging power) is set as the charging power for the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 alone. The lower control device 200 as a power conditioning system controls the charging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 with this charging upper limit power.

In contrast, when using peak shift mode to control demand response, for example, if downward demand response is expected during a discharge period when electricity rates are high, the target value of the demand power [W] during the discharge period when electricity rates are high is set in advance to a value greater than 0. This allows demand power to remain during the demand response implementation time, making it possible to implement downward demand response.

In addition, if an upward demand response during a charging time slot when electricity rates are low is expected, the charging power (target value) during the charging time slot when electricity rates are low is set in advance to a value smaller than the upper limit charging power. For example, if the amount of power required to fully charge the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is Q [Wh], and there is T [h] of time during the time slot when electricity rates are low and charging is possible, then [W] of Q/T is set as the upper limit charging power, and charging is set to this upper limit charging power (or a specified value equal to or greater than this upper limit charging power and equal to or less than the rated charging power).

When performing a downward demand response during a charging time slot when electricity rates are low, it is possible that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is already charging. In this case, the lower control device 200 can use not only the discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, but also the reduction in the amount of charging power or the suspension of charging for the downward demand response. The lower control device 200 controls the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to achieve the consumer-specific demand power target value, which is the target value for the downward demand response, by utilizing the reduction in the amount of charging power or the suspension of charging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, and even the discharge.

Similarly, when an upward demand response is performed during a discharging time period when electricity rates are high, it is possible that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is already discharging. In this case, the lower control device 200 can use not only the charging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, but also the reduction in the amount of discharged power or the halt of discharging for the upward demand response. The lower control device 200 controls the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to achieve the consumer-specific demand power target value, which is the target value for the upward demand response, by utilizing the reduction in the amount of discharged power or the halt of discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311, and even charging.

<Discharge control method when peak shift mode is used>
In the customer installed system 300 in which the control logic of the lower-level control device 200 as a power conditioning system has a peak shift mode, the amount of discharge for downward demand response may be reflected in the target power in the peak shift mode.
In this case, the target value in the peak shift mode is set to the discharge power target value [W] in the peak shift mode calculated by the formula (5).

This case corresponds to a case where the target value of the demand energy amount per consumer is smaller than the demand energy amount per consumer when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is charging/discharging in peak shift mode when demand response is not being implemented.

The low-level control device 200 can cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to discharge for downward demand response by controlling in the peak shift mode based on the formula (5).
If the upper control device 100 updates the consumer-specific demand energy target value while demand response is being implemented, the lower control device 200 recalculates the discharge power target value [W] in peak shift mode in equation (5) using the updated consumer-specific demand energy target value and the remaining frame time (remaining time of demand response) and resets it to the target value for peak shift mode.

<Discharge control method when there is no peak shift mode>
In a consumer installation system 300 in which the control logic of the lower-level control device 200 as a power conditioning system does not have a peak shift mode, the lower-level control device 200 compares the accumulated amount of power from the start time of frame (i) at the point of connection with the power grid 920 with the target value of demand power for each consumer.

In this case, the cycle in which the low-level control device 200 repeats the comparison between the integrated power amount and the target value of the power demand amount for each consumer is not limited to a specific cycle. For example, the low-level control device 200 may compare the integrated power amount with the target value of the power demand amount for each consumer every minute, but is not limited to this.
The lower-level control device 200 receives the integrated power amount at the interconnection point between the consumer installed system 300 and the power grid 920 from, for example, a smart meter 930 .

In this case, the lower-level control device 200 may cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to discharge the power by dividing the amount of power shortage by the remaining time of frame (i) as shown in formula (6) as the discharge power target value.

The remaining frame length [h] indicates the remaining time of the demand response (the time from the current time to the end time of the frame (i)).
As a result, the lower control device 200 can perform highly accurate feedback control in real time using the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 within the range monitored and controlled by the lower control device 200, without communicating with the higher control device 100. Therefore, the lower control device 200 can improve the accuracy of demand response implementation while being highly resistant to communication delays, failures, and the like, and in this respect, highly reliable demand response can be expected.

Alternatively, the lower-level control device 200 may set the rated discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 as the upper discharge power limit, and cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to discharge at a discharge power equal to or lower than the upper discharge power limit. In this case, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can discharge more power, thereby improving the responsiveness of feedback in demand response.

<Charging control method when peak shift mode is available>
In the customer installed system 300 in which the control logic of the lower-level control device 200 as a power conditioning system has a peak shift mode, the amount of charging for demand response may be reflected in the target power in the peak shift mode.

In this case, the target value in peak shift mode is set to the charging power target value [W] in peak shift mode calculated using equation (7).

This case corresponds to a case where the target value of the demand energy amount per consumer is greater than the demand energy amount per consumer when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is charging/discharging in peak shift mode when demand response is not being implemented.

The low-level control device 200 can cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to perform charging for demand response by controlling in the peak shift mode based on the formula (7).
If the upper control device 100 updates the consumer-specific demand energy target value while demand response is being implemented, the lower control device 200 recalculates the discharge power target value [W] in the peak shift mode in equation (7) using the updated consumer-specific demand energy target value and the remaining frame time, and resets it to the target value for the peak shift mode.

<Charging control method when peak shift mode is not available>
In a consumer installation system 300 in which the control logic of the lower-level control device 200 as a power conditioning system does not have a peak shift mode, the lower-level control device 200 compares the accumulated amount of power from the start time of frame (i) at the interconnection point between the consumer installation system 300 and the power grid 920 with the consumer-specific demand power amount target value.

In this case, the cycle in which the low-level control device 200 repeats the comparison between the integrated power amount and the target value of the power demand amount for each consumer is not limited to a specific cycle. For example, the low-level control device 200 may compare the integrated power amount with the target value of the power demand amount for each consumer every minute, but is not limited to this.
The lower-level control device 200 receives the integrated power amount at the interconnection point between the consumer installed system 300 and the power grid 920 from, for example, a smart meter 930 .

In this case, the lower-level control device 200 may cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to perform charging by setting the target charging power value to the power obtained by dividing the amount of power shortage by the remaining time of frame (i) as shown in equation (8).

As a result, the lower control device 200 can perform highly accurate feedback control in real time using the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 within the range monitored and controlled by the lower control device 200, without communicating with the higher control device 100. Therefore, the lower control device 200 can improve the accuracy of demand response implementation while being highly resistant to communication delays, failures, etc., and in this respect, highly reliable demand response can be expected.

Alternatively, the lower-level control device 200 may set the rated discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 as the upper limit charging power, and cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to charge with a charging power equal to or less than the upper limit charging power. In this case, the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can charge more power, which can improve the responsiveness of feedback in demand response.

When the consumer installation system 300 performs peak shifting, the upper control device 100 may collect time-of-day electricity rate information and use it to predict charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 of the consumer installation system 300. For example, the upper control device 100 predicts that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 will discharge during time periods when electricity rates are high. The upper control device 100 also predicts that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 will charge during time periods when electricity rates are low.

In addition, when the consumer-installed system 300 simultaneously performs peak shifting and demand response, the upper control device 100 may set the upper charge power limit and/or the upper discharge power limit for peak shifting. This allows the consumer-installed system 300 to leave a surplus of charge/discharge power for demand response even when the consumer-installed system 300 is performing charging/discharging for peak shifting.

Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a margin for demand response when the customer installed system 300 simultaneously performs peak shifting and demand response. The horizontal axis of the graph in Fig. 22 indicates time. The vertical axis indicates power. Fig. 22 shows an example when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 discharges electricity for peak shifting.
22, an upper limit value for the discharge power of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 for peak shifting is set. The chargeable/dischargeable device 311 can use the difference in power obtained by subtracting the upper limit value of the discharge power for peak shifting from the rated discharge power as the discharge power for consumer-specific demand response.

A line L311 indicates an example of the demand power of the customer installed system 300. The area of an area A11 indicates the peak shift discharge power amount for one frame. The area of an area A12 indicates the discharge power for one frame in the demand response.
In addition, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is discharging power for peak shifting, the decrease in discharge power from the upper limit value of discharge power during peak shifting can be used as an increase in power demand in the consumer-specific demand response.

Even when the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 charges for peak shifting, by setting an upper limit value for the charging power of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 for peak shifting, the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 can be made to charge for peak shifting and for consumer-specific demand response simultaneously.
In addition, when the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 is charging for peak shifting, the reduction in charging power from the upper limit of charging power in peak shifting can be used as the reduction in demand power in the consumer-specific demand response.

As described above, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 calculates a consumer-specific baseline, which is an allocation of the baseline of the demand response to each consumer-installed system 300. The consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 calculates a consumer-specific required power amount, which is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each consumer-installed system 300. In addition, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount based on the relationship between the demand power amount prediction value of the consumer-installed system 300 at the demand response implementation time, which is a demand power amount prediction value based on the state of the consumer-installed system 300 at a time after the calculation of the baseline, and the consumer-specific required power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the consumer-installed system 300.

By recalculating the amount of power required by each consumer as described above, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 can cause the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 to compensate for the error in the consumer-specific baseline. In this respect, the upper control device 100 can reduce the error in the actual demand response to a demand response request.

In addition, in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demanded power, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 sets the consumer-specific required power amount to zero for a consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (a consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific required power amount target value, and in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demanded power, the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 195 sets the consumer-specific required power amount to zero for a consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (a consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is larger than the consumer-specific required power amount target value.

By setting the amount of power required by each consumer to zero, the consumer installed system 300 is caused to stop charging or discharging for demand response, and the amount of discharged or charged power of the other consumer installed systems 300 is reduced by the amount of the reduction in the amount of charged or discharged power caused by this suspension, thereby reducing losses during charging and discharging in the entire power system 1 without changing the total amount of demanded power.

In addition, in the downward demand response, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to a reduction in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and in the upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand power forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.

By setting the amount of power required by each consumer to zero, the consumer installed system 300 is caused to stop charging or discharging for demand response, and the amount of discharged or charged power of the other consumer installed systems 300 is reduced by the amount of the reduction in the amount of charged or discharged power caused by this suspension, thereby reducing losses during charging and discharging in the entire power system 1 without changing the total amount of demanded power.

In addition, in a downward demand response, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 195 reduces the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand energy forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific baseline in response to a reduction in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand energy forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and in an upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand energy forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power for the consumer-installed system 300 whose demand energy forecast value (the consumer-specific required power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.

In a downward demand response, in a consumer-installed system 300 in which the demand energy forecast value (demand energy forecast value for each consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 must charge is considered to be relatively large. In contrast, by resetting the consumer-specific required energy amount, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 must charge becomes smaller than before the resetting. This reduces the possibility that the chargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 will be insufficient for the amount of charging energy required for the demand response. In this respect, the upper control device 100 can reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested, and can implement highly reliable demand response.

Similarly, in an upward demand response, in a consumer-installed system 300 in which the demand energy forecast value (demand energy forecast value by consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific baseline, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 must discharge is considered to be relatively large. In contrast, by resetting the consumer-specific required energy amount, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 must discharge becomes smaller than before the resetting. This reduces the possibility that the dischargeable amount of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 will be insufficient for the amount of energy to be discharged required for demand response. In this respect, the upper control device 100 can reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested, enabling highly reliable demand response to be implemented.

In addition, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 predicts the demand energy of the consumer installation system 300 (for example, the predicted value of demand energy by consumer when demand response is not implemented) using predicted information on the charging and discharging state of chargeable and dischargeable equipment during peak shifting based on information on electricity rates for each time period.
It is expected that this will enable the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 193 to predict the amount of power demand in the consumer installed system 300 with relatively high accuracy.

The second communication unit 210 also acquires the consumer-specific requested power amount, which is the allocation of the requested power amount in the demand response to the consumer-installed system 300, and the consumer-specific baseline, which is the allocation of the baseline of the demand response to the consumer-installed system 300. The consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 294 calculates the consumer-specific demand power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in the power amount of the consumer-specific baseline. The charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that the demand power amount of the consumer-installed system 300 during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demand power amount target value.

In this way, the consumer installation system 300 controls the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable devices 311 based on the consumer-specific demand energy target value, so that even if the consumer-specific demand energy forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be implemented changes from the baseline, the change does not result in an error in the actual performance in response to a demand response request. In this respect, the lower-level control device 200 can reduce the error in the actual performance of demand response in response to a demand response request.

In addition, when the total demand response is a downward demand response and the predicted value of the demand energy of the consumer installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented (the predicted value of demand energy per consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) is smaller than the target value of demand energy per consumer, the charge/discharge control unit 295 stops charging control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 so that the demand energy of the consumer installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented becomes the target value of demand energy per consumer.
By reducing the amount of discharged power of the other consumer installed systems 300 by the amount of the reduction in the amount of charged power due to this suspension, it is possible to reduce losses during charging and discharging in the entire power system 1 without changing the total amount of demanded power.

In addition, when the total demand response is a downward demand response and the predicted value of the demand energy of the consumer installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented (the predicted value of the demand energy per consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not implemented) is greater than the target value of the demand energy per consumer, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on the target value of the demand energy per consumer that is reset in response to the suspension of the charge/discharge control by the other lower-level control device 200.

In a consumer-installed system 300 in which the demand energy forecast value (demand energy forecast value for each consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is greater than the consumer-specific baseline, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 must discharge is considered to be relatively large. In contrast, by resetting the consumer-specific demand energy target value, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 must discharge becomes smaller than before the resetting. This reduces the possibility that the actual dischargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of discharge energy required for demand response. In this respect, the lower-level control device 200 can reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested.

In addition, when the total demand response is an upward demand response and the predicted value of the demand energy of the consumer installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented (the predicted value of demand energy per consumer when it is assumed that demand response is not implemented) is greater than the target value of demand energy per consumer, the charge/discharge control unit 295 stops discharging control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 so that the demand energy of the consumer installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented becomes the target value of demand energy per consumer.
By reducing the amount of charging power in other consumer installed systems 300 by the amount of the reduction in the amount of discharged power due to this suspension, it is possible to reduce losses during charging and discharging in the entire power system 1 without changing the total amount of demanded power.

In addition, when the total demand response is an upward demand response and the demand energy forecast value of the consumer-installed system 300 at the time when the demand response is implemented (the demand energy forecast value for each consumer when it is assumed that the demand response is not implemented) is smaller than the demand energy target value for each consumer, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on the demand energy target value for each consumer that is reset in response to the suspension of the charge/discharge control by the other lower-level control device 200,

In a consumer-installed system 300 in which the demand energy forecast value (demand energy forecast value for each consumer when demand response is not assumed to be implemented) is smaller than the consumer-specific baseline, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 needs to charge is considered to be relatively large. In contrast, by resetting the consumer-specific demand energy target value, the amount of energy that the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 needs to charge becomes smaller than before the resetting. This reduces the possibility that the actual chargeable amount will be insufficient for the amount of charging energy required for demand response. In this respect, the lower-level control device 200 can reduce the error in the amount of implementation relative to the amount of demand response requested.

Furthermore, the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 predicts the charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 during peak shifting based on the information on the power rate for each time period. The amount of requested power in the consumer-specific demand response is determined based on the prediction result of the charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment.
It is expected that this will enable the charge/discharge prediction unit 293 to predict the charge/discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable device 311 with relatively high accuracy.

In addition, when peak shifting and demand response are simultaneously implemented, the charge/discharge control unit 295 controls the charging and discharging of chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on an upper limit value set for at least one of the charging power for peak shifting or the discharging power for peak shifting.
This allows the chargeable/dischargeable equipment 311 to simultaneously perform at least one of charging for peak shifting and charging for consumer-specific demand response, or discharging for peak shifting and discharging for consumer-specific demand response.

The second communication unit 210 further acquires information indicating whether the total demand response is an up demand response or a down demand response. When the total demand response is an up demand response and the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 is discharging in order to set the amount of demand power of the consumer installed system 300 at the time the demand response is implemented to the consumer-specific demand power target value, and when the total demand response is a down demand response and the charging and discharging of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 is charging in order to set the amount of demand power of the consumer installed system 300 at the time the demand response is implemented to the consumer-specific demand power target value, the charge and discharge control unit 295 stops the charging and discharging control of the chargeable and dischargeable equipment 311 in order to set the amount of demand power of the consumer installed system 300 at the time the demand response is implemented to the consumer-specific demand power target value (charging and discharging for purposes other than the demand response are continued at this time).

In this way, the second communication unit 210 obtains information indicating whether the total demand response is an up demand response or a down demand response, and the lower control device 200 can detect a case in which the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded electricity due to the total demand response is opposite to the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded electricity due to charging or discharging for demand response in the consumer installation system 300, and can stop charging or discharging for demand response.

By reducing the discharge or charge amount of the other consumer installed systems 300 by the amount of the reduction in the charge or discharge amount of power due to this suspension, it is possible to reduce losses during charging and discharging in the entire power system 1 without changing the total demand amount of power.
In addition, the computational load of the upper control device 100 can be reduced by distributing the process of detecting cases in which the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded electricity due to total demand response is opposite to the increase or decrease in the amount of demanded electricity due to charging or discharging for demand response in the consumer installation system 300, to each of the lower control devices 200.

Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a host control device according to the embodiment. The host control device 400 illustrated in Fig. 23 includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 401 and a consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 402.
In this configuration, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 401 calculates a consumer-specific baseline that is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the target systems for implementing demand response. The consumer-specific requested power amount calculation unit 402 calculates a consumer-specific requested power amount that is an allocation of the requested power amount in the demand response to each of the target systems for implementing demand response.

By the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 402 recalculating the consumer-specific required power amount as described above, the chargeable/dischargeable devices in the demand response implementation target system can be made to compensate for the error in the consumer-specific baseline. In this respect, the upper control device 400 can reduce the error in the actual demand response in response to a demand response request.
The consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 401 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific baseline calculation means, and the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 402 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific required power amount calculation means.

24 is a diagram illustrating another example of the configuration of the upper control device according to the embodiment. The upper control device 500 illustrated in FIG. 24 includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 501, a consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 502, and a transmission unit 503.
In this configuration, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 501 calculates a consumer-specific baseline that is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems. The consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 502 sets to zero the consumer-specific required energy of the demand response implementation target system, which has a predetermined relationship between the consumer-specific demand energy target value obtained by reflecting the allocation of the required energy in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems in the consumer-specific baseline, and the demand energy prediction value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that the chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, and the demand energy prediction value based on the state of the demand response implementation target system at a time after the calculation of the baseline, and calculates the consumer-specific required energy of at least one other demand response implementation target system to be smaller than the amount of energy of the difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy prediction value in the demand response implementation target system, depending on the amount of energy of the difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy prediction value. The transmission unit 503 transmits the consumer requested power amount calculated by the consumer requested power amount calculation unit 502, for at least one demand response implementation target system, in which the value of the consumer requested power amount is 0, to the demand response implementation target system.

The transmission unit 503 also transmits to the corresponding system that is the target of demand response the required energy amount for each consumer that the required energy amount calculation unit 502 calculates to be smaller than the difference between the target value for the required energy amount for each consumer and the predicted value for the required energy amount.

By the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 502 calculating the amount of required power for each consumer as described above, it is possible to adjust whether or not to charge and discharge, and the amount of charged and discharged power, in each system that is a target for implementing demand response, without changing the amount of demand power for the entire power system 1.
The consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 501 corresponds to an example of consumer-specific baseline calculation. The consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 502 corresponds to an example of consumer-specific required power amount calculation means. The transmission unit 503 corresponds to an example of transmission means.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power system according to an embodiment. The power system 410 shown in FIG. 25 includes a host control device 411 and multiple demand response implementation target systems 414 including a lower control device 415. The host control device 411 includes a consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 412 and a consumer-specific required energy calculation unit 413. Each of the lower control devices 415 includes a charge/discharge control unit 416.

In this configuration, the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 412 calculates a consumer-specific baseline that is an allocation of the baseline of the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems 414. The consumer-specific required power calculation unit 413 calculates a consumer-specific required power amount that is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems 414. In addition, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 413 recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount based on the relationship between the consumer-specific required power amount prediction value of the demand response implementation target system 414 at the demand response implementation time, assuming that the chargeable/dischargeable device of the demand response implementation target system 414 does not charge or discharge for demand response, which is a prediction value based on the state of the demand response implementation target system 414 at a time after the calculation of the baseline, and the consumer-specific required power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system 414. The charge/discharge control unit 416 of the lower-level control device 415 controls the charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that the amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system 414 during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline power amount.

By the consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 413 recalculating the consumer-specific required power amount as described above, the error in the consumer-specific baseline can be compensated for by the chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system 414. In this respect, the power system 410 can reduce errors in the actual results of demand response in response to a demand response request.
The consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 412 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific baseline calculation means. The consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 413 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific required power amount calculation means. The charge/discharge control unit 416 corresponds to an example of a charge/discharge control means.

26 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a low-level control device according to the embodiment. A low-level control device 420 illustrated in FIG. 26 includes a consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 421 and a charge/discharge control unit 422.
In this configuration, the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 421 acquires a consumer-specific demand power target value. The consumer-specific demand power target value is the amount of power obtained by reflecting the consumer-specific requested power amount, which is the allocation of the requested power amount in a demand response to the demand response implementation target system, in the consumer-specific baseline power amount, which is the allocation of the demand response baseline to the demand response implementation target system. The charge/discharge control unit 422 controls charging and discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that the demand power amount of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demand power target value.

In this way, by the charge/discharge control unit 422 controlling the charge/discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on the consumer-specific demand power target value, even if the consumer-specific demand power forecast value when demand response is not assumed to be performed changes from the baseline, the change does not become an error in the actual performance in response to a demand response request. In this respect, the lower-level control device 420 can reduce an error in the actual performance of a demand response in response to a demand response request.
The consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 421 corresponds to an example of a consumer-specific target value acquisition means, and the charge/discharge control unit 422 corresponds to an example of a charge/discharge control means.

FIG. 27 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 27, a computer 700 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 710 , a main memory device 720 , an auxiliary memory device 730 , and an interface 740 .
Any one or more of the above-mentioned upper control device 100, lower control device 200, upper control device 400, upper control device 411, lower control device 415, lower control device 420, and upper control device 500 may be implemented in the computer 700. In this case, the operation of each of the above-mentioned processing units is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it in the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program. The CPU 710 also secures a storage area corresponding to each of the above-mentioned storage units in the main storage device 720 according to the program.

When the upper level control device 100 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the first control unit 190 and each of its units are stored in the form of a program in the auxiliary storage device 730. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, loads it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing in accordance with the program.
Furthermore, the CPU 710 reserves a memory area corresponding to the first memory unit 180 in the main memory device 720 in accordance with the program.
The communication by the first communication unit 110 is executed by the interface 740 having a communication function and performing communication under the control of the CPU 510 .

When the low-level control device 200 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the second control unit 290 and each of its units are stored in the form of a program in the auxiliary storage device 730. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, loads it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing in accordance with the program.
Furthermore, the CPU 710 reserves a memory area corresponding to the second memory unit 280 in the main memory device 720 in accordance with the program.
The communication by the second communication unit 210 is executed by the interface 740 having a communication function and performing communication under the control of the CPU 710 .

When the upper control device 400 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 401 and the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 402 are stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program.

When the upper control device 411 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 412 and the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 413 are stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program.

When the lower-level control device 415 is implemented in the computer 700, the operation of the charge/discharge control unit 416 is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it in the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program.

When the lower-level control device 420 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 421 and the charge/discharge control unit 422 are stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program.

When the upper control device 500 is implemented in the computer 700, the operations of the consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 501, the consumer-specific required power calculation unit 502, and the transmission unit 503 are stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing according to the program.

Note that programs for implementing all or part of the functions of the upper control device 100, the lower control device 200, the upper control device 400, the upper control device 411, the lower control device 415, the lower control device 420, and the upper control device 500 may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the programs recorded on the recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed to process each part. The term "computer system" here includes hardware such as an OS (operating system) and peripheral devices.
"Computer-readable recording medium" refers to portable media such as flexible disks, optical magnetic disks, ROMs (Read Only Memory), and CD-ROMs (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), as well as storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. The above-mentioned program may be one for implementing part of the above-mentioned functions, or may be one that can implement the above-mentioned functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.

The above describes an embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes and the like that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention are also included.

Some or all of the above embodiments may be described as follows, but are not limited to the following:

(Appendix 1)
A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
A consumer required power calculation means for calculating a consumer required power amount that is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Equipped with
the consumer-specific required power calculation means recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount based on a relationship between a demand power demand prediction value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand power prediction value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific required power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system;
Higher level control device.

(Appendix 2)
the consumer-specific required power calculation means sets the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system in which the demand power amount prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power amount target value to zero in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demanded power, and sets the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system in which the demand power amount prediction value is larger than the consumer-specific required power amount target value to zero in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demanded power.
2. The host control device according to claim 1.

(Appendix 3)
the consumer-specific required power calculation means, in the downward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and, in the upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.
3. The host control device according to claim 2.

(Appendix 4)
the consumer-specific required power calculation means, in the downward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific baseline in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and, in the upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.
3. The host control device according to claim 2.

(Appendix 5)
the consumer-specific baseline calculation means predicts the amount of power demand of the demand response implementation target system by using prediction information of a charging/discharging state of the chargeable/dischargeable device during peak shifting based on information on electricity rates for each time period;
5. A host control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

(Appendix 6)
A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
a consumer-specific demand energy target value that reflects an allocation of the amount of required energy in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems in the consumer-specific baseline, and a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time when it is assumed that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the consumer-specific demand energy of the demand response implementation target system being in a predetermined relationship with a demand energy forecast value based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time after the calculation of the baseline being set to zero, and a consumer-specific demand energy of at least one other demand response implementation target system is calculated to be smaller than the amount of power difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy forecast value in the demand response implementation target system, according to the amount of power difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy forecast value;
a transmission means for transmitting, to the demand response implementation target system, the amount of requested power per consumer calculated by the calculation means for calculating the amount of requested power per consumer for at least one of the demand response implementation target systems, the amount of requested power per consumer being zero;
A host control device comprising:

(Appendix 7)
the consumer-specific requested power calculation means, in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demand power, reduces the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific requested power target value; and, in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demand power, reduces the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value;
the transmission means transmits the reduced amount of requested power by the consumer to the demand response implementation target system in which the calculation means for calculating the amount of requested power by the consumer has reduced the amount of requested power by the consumer.
7. The host control device according to claim 6.

(Appendix 8)
A system for implementing demand response comprising a host control device and a plurality of host control devices,
The upper control device includes:
A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of a demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
A consumer required power calculation means for calculating a consumer required power amount that is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Equipped with
the consumer-specific required energy calculation means recalculates the consumer-specific required energy based on a relationship between a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment in the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand energy forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific required energy target value in which the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system is reflected in the consumer-specific required energy,
The lower level control device includes:
a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that an amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during an implementation time of the demand response becomes a consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in an amount of power of the consumer-specific baseline.

(Appendix 9)
An acquisition means for acquiring a consumer-specific requested power amount, which is an allocation of a requested power amount in a demand response to a demand response implementation target system, and a consumer-specific baseline, which is an allocation of a baseline of the demand response to the demand response implementation target system;
a consumer-specific target value acquisition means for calculating a consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline power amount;
a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device so that the amount of power demand of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific power demand amount target value;
A lower-level control device comprising:

(Appendix 10)
the charge/discharge control means, in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demanded power, when a demand energy prediction value of the demand response implementation target system at the implementation time of the demand response, which is based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, is smaller than the consumer-specific demand energy target value, stops charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment to set the demand energy of the demand response implementation target system at the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer-specific demand energy target value;
10. The lower level control device according to claim 9.

(Appendix 11)
When the predicted value of the power demand is greater than the customer-specific baseline in the downward demand response, the charge/discharge control means controls the charge/discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on a customer-specific power demand target value that is reset in response to the suspension of the charge/discharge control by another control device.
11. The lower level control device according to claim 10.

(Appendix 12)
When the predicted value of the amount of demanded energy is greater than the target value of the amount of demanded energy per consumer in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demanded energy, the charge/discharge control means stops the charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that the amount of demanded energy of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the target value of the amount of demanded energy per consumer.
12. A lower level control device according to any one of appendices 9 to 11.

(Appendix 13)
When the demand energy prediction value is smaller than the customer-specific baseline in the upward demand response, the charge/discharge control means controls the charge/discharge of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment based on a customer-specific demand energy target value that is reset in response to the suspension of the charge/discharge control by another control device.
13. The subordinate control device according to claim 12.

(Appendix 14)
A charge/discharge prediction means for predicting a charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable device during peak shifting based on information on the power rate for each time period,
The amount of power required in the demand response is determined based on a prediction result of a charging/discharging state of the chargeable/dischargeable device.
14. A lower level control device according to any one of claims 9 to 13.

(Appendix 15)
the charge/discharge control means controls charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable device based on an upper limit value set for at least one of the charging power for the peak shift and the discharging power for the peak shift when the peak shift and the demand response are simultaneously performed.
15. A lower level control device according to any one of appendices 9 to 14.

(Appendix 16)
The acquisition means further acquires information indicating whether the demand response is an increasing demand response or a decreasing demand response,
the charge/discharge control means stops charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value when the demand response is an upward demand response and charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment is discharging in order to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value, and when the demand response is a downward demand response and charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment is charging in order to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value;
10. The lower level control device according to claim 9.

(Appendix 17)
A system including a plurality of demand response implementation target systems each including a host control device and a subordinate control device,
The upper control device includes:
A consumer required power amount calculation means for calculating a consumer required power amount which is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Equipped with
The lower level control device includes:
a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device so that an amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during an implementation time of the demand response becomes a consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in an amount of power of the consumer-specific baseline.

(Appendix 18)
the consumer-specific required power calculation means, in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demanded power, for a demand response implementation target system in which the demand power prediction value is smaller than a consumer-specific required power target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the amount of power of the consumer-specific baseline, stops charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so as to set the amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer-specific required power target value;
18. The power system of claim 17.

(Appendix 19)
the consumer-specific required energy calculation means, in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demanded energy, for a demand response implementation target system in which the demand energy forecast value is greater than a consumer-specific required energy target value in which the consumer-specific required energy amount is reflected in the amount of energy of the consumer-specific baseline, stops charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so as to set the amount of demanded energy of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer-specific required energy target value;
19. The power system of claim 17 or 18.

(Appendix 20)
Calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Calculating an amount of required power per consumer, which is an allocation of the amount of required power in the demand response to each of the demand responses per consumer;
recalculating the amount of required power by consumer based on a relationship between a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at a demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand energy forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system is reflected in the consumer-specific required energy;
A control method comprising:

(Appendix 21)
acquiring a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which a consumer-specific requested energy amount, which is an allocation of a requested energy amount in a demand response to a demand response implementation target system, is reflected in a consumer-specific baseline energy amount, which is an allocation of a baseline of the demand response to the demand response implementation target system;
controlling charging and discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device so that the amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value;
A control method comprising:

(Appendix 22)
On the computer,
Calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of the demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Calculating an amount of required power per consumer, which is an allocation of the amount of required power in the demand response to each of the demand responses per consumer;
recalculating the amount of required power by consumer based on a relationship between a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at a demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand energy forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system is reflected in the consumer-specific required energy;
A program to implement the above.

(Appendix 23)
On the computer,
acquiring a consumer-specific demand energy target value in which a consumer-specific requested energy amount, which is an allocation of a requested energy amount in a demand response to a demand response implementation target system, is reflected in a consumer-specific baseline energy amount, which is an allocation of a baseline of the demand response to the demand response implementation target system;
controlling charging and discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device so that the amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value;
A program for executing the above.

(Appendix 24)
A charge/discharge prediction device comprising: a charge/discharge prediction means for predicting a charge/discharge state of the chargeable/dischargeable device during peak shifting based on information on electricity rates for each time period.

(Appendix 25)
A control device comprising: a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device based on an upper limit value set for at least one of a charging power for the peak shift and a discharging power for the peak shift when peak shift and demand response are simultaneously performed.

1, 410 Power system 100, 400, 411, 500 Upper control device 110 First communication unit 180 First memory unit 190 First control unit 191 Consumer-specific information acquisition unit 192 Overall information calculation unit 193, 401, 412, 501 Consumer-specific baseline calculation unit 194 Total required power amount acquisition unit 195, 402, 413, 502 Consumer-specific required power amount calculation unit 200, 415, 420 Lower control device 210 Second communication unit 280 Second memory unit 290 Second control unit 291 Power demand information acquisition unit 292 Charge/discharge information acquisition unit 293 Charge/discharge prediction unit 294, 421 Consumer-specific target value acquisition unit 295, 416, 422 Charge/discharge control unit 300 Consumer-installed system 310 Consumer equipment group 311 Chargeable/dischargeable device 312 Photovoltaic power generation system 313 Load 321 XEMS
414 Demand response implementation target system 503 Transmission unit

Claims (10)

A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of a demand response baseline to each of demand response implementation target systems which are composed of devices used by the power consumers and which are systems for receiving and controlling power at the consumers;
A consumer required power calculation means for calculating a consumer required power amount that is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
a transmission means for communicating with each of the demand response implementation target systems and causing the demand response implementation target system to control charging and discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device of the demand response implementation target system in accordance with the consumer-specific baseline and the consumer-specific requested power amount;
Equipped with
the consumer-specific required power calculation means recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount based on a relationship between a demand power forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand power forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific required power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system;
Higher level control device. the consumer-specific required power calculation means sets the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system in which the demand power amount prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power amount target value to zero in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demanded power, and sets the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system in which the demand power amount prediction value is larger than the consumer-specific required power amount target value to zero in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demanded power.
The host control device according to claim 1 . the consumer-specific required power calculation means, in the downward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and, in the upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.
The host control device according to claim 2. the consumer-specific required power calculation means, in the downward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific baseline in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is smaller than the consumer-specific required power target value, and, in the upward demand response, reduces the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific required power amount for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power forecast value is greater than the consumer-specific required power target value.
The host control device according to claim 2. the consumer-specific baseline calculation means predicts the amount of power demand of the demand response implementation target system by using prediction information of a charging/discharging state of the chargeable/dischargeable device during peak shifting based on information on electricity rates for each time period;
The host control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of a demand response baseline to each of demand response implementation target systems which are composed of devices used by the power consumers and which are systems for receiving and controlling power at the consumers;
a consumer-specific demand energy target value that reflects an allocation of the amount of required energy in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems in the consumer-specific baseline, and a demand energy forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time when it is assumed that chargeable/dischargeable equipment of the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the consumer-specific demand energy of the demand response implementation target system being in a predetermined relationship with a demand energy forecast value based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time after the calculation of the baseline being set to zero, and a consumer-specific demand energy of at least one other demand response implementation target system is calculated to be smaller than the amount of power difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy forecast value in the demand response implementation target system, according to the amount of power difference between the consumer-specific demand energy target value and the demand energy forecast value;
a transmission means for transmitting, to the demand response implementation target system, at least one of the consumer-specific requested power amounts calculated by the consumer-specific requested power amount calculation means, where the value of the consumer-specific requested power amount for the demand response implementation target system is zero , and causing the demand response implementation target system to control charging and discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device of the demand response implementation target system in accordance with the consumer-specific requested power amount;
A host control device comprising: the consumer-specific requested power calculation means, in a downward demand response that reduces the amount of demand power, reduces the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value in response to a decrease in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is smaller than the consumer-specific requested power target value; and, in an upward demand response that increases the amount of demand power, reduces the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value in response to an increase in the amount of demand power by setting to zero the consumer-specific requested power for the demand response implementation target system whose demand power prediction value is greater than the consumer-specific requested power target value;
the transmission means transmits the reduced amount of requested power by the consumer to the demand response implementation target system in which the calculation means for calculating the amount of requested power by the consumer has reduced the amount of requested power by the consumer.
The host control device according to claim 6. A system including a plurality of demand response implementation target systems each including a host control device and a subordinate control device,
The upper control device includes:
A consumer-specific baseline calculation means for calculating a consumer-specific baseline which is an allocation of a demand response baseline to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
A consumer required power calculation means for calculating a consumer required power amount that is an allocation of the required power amount in the demand response to each of the demand response implementation target systems;
Equipped with
the consumer-specific required power calculation means recalculates the consumer-specific required power amount based on a relationship between a demand power forecast value of the demand response implementation target system at the demand response implementation time, assuming that chargeable/dischargeable equipment in the demand response implementation target system does not charge or discharge for the demand response, the demand power forecast value being based on a state of the demand response implementation target system at a time point after the calculation of the baseline, and a consumer-specific required power amount target value in which the consumer-specific required power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline in the demand response implementation target system;
The lower level control device includes:
a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment so that an amount of demanded power of the demand response implementation target system during an implementation time of the demand response becomes a consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in an amount of power of the consumer-specific baseline. an acquisition means for acquiring a consumer-specific requested power amount, which is an allocation of a requested power amount in a demand response to a demand response implementation target system including the lower-level control device itself, and a consumer-specific baseline, which is an allocation of the baseline of the demand response to the demand response implementation target system;
a consumer-specific target value acquisition means for calculating a consumer-specific demanded power amount target value in which the consumer-specific requested power amount is reflected in the consumer-specific baseline power amount;
a charge/discharge control means for controlling charging/discharging of a chargeable/dischargeable device in the demand response implementation target system so that the amount of demanded power in the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response becomes the consumer-specific demanded power amount target value;
A lower-level control device comprising: The acquisition means further acquires information indicating whether the demand response is an up-demand response or a down-demand response,
the charge/discharge control means stops charge/discharge control of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value when the demand response is an upward demand response and charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment is discharging in order to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value, and when the demand response is a downward demand response and charging/discharging of the chargeable/dischargeable equipment is charging in order to set the amount of demand power of the demand response implementation target system during the implementation time of the demand response to the consumer demand power amount target value;
The low level control device according to claim 9.

Images