JP2016046922A - Energy supply/demand adjustment system, upper community energy management system, and lower community energy management system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately perform supply/demand adjustment between an upper community energy management system and a lower community energy management system.SOLUTION: User energy management systems 41, 42 transmit supply/demand prediction results to lower CEMSs (Community Energy Management System) 71, 72, respectively. The lower CEMSs 71, 72 perform supply/demand prediction calculation for user groups 31, 32 and transmit supply/demand prediction results of the calculation and user information to an upper CEMS 90. The user information includes information showing the number of users for each user type. The upper CEMS 90 calculates a supply/demand adjustment amount on the basis of the supply/demand prediction of the user groups 31, 32 to individually distribute the supply/demand adjustment amount to the respective user groups by using a distribution ratio based on the user information.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts the power supply and demand of a plurality of consumers.

  Conventionally, HEMS (Home Energy Management System), which is a device for managing power in a home, is known. Patent Document 1 includes a CEMS (Community Energy Management System) that is a device for managing a plurality of HEMSs, and transmits power reduction information from each CEMS to each HEMS to reduce power consumption of a consumer group. A system has been proposed. In this power management system, a power provider transmits a power suppression signal to a plurality of CEMSs so that each CEMS can reduce the power consumption of each consumer with respect to the plurality of HEMSs under its management. Send reduction information.

  In the power management system proposed in Patent Document 1, customer configuration information is transmitted from each CEMS to a power company, and the power company requests power to each CEMS based on this configuration information. Set the amount of reduction. The configuration information includes the number of HEMS managed by the CEMS, the number of customers, the number of customers, the location of the HEMS, the location of the customers, the amount of power that can be supplied by the distributed power source installed in the customer, and the distributed power source These are the predicted amount that can be supplied and the amount of power consumed by the load provided to the customer.

WO2013-047115A1

  The trend of power demand varies greatly depending on the type of consumer. The consumer type represents the usage of the building of the consumer that is a target for which the power management apparatus manages power. The power management apparatus is given a name corresponding to the consumer type. For example, HEMS is the power management device that manages the power of detached houses, FEMS (Factory Energy Management System) is the power management device that manages the power of the factory, and BEMS (Factory Energy Management System) is the power management device that manages the power of commercial buildings and public buildings. A building energy management system) and a power management device for managing the power of a housing complex are called MEMS (Mansion Energy Management System). The CEMS is communicably connected to a plurality of consumer-type power management devices (HEMS, FEMS, BEMS, MEMS, etc.).

  For example, in a commercial building, since the power consumption is originally small outside the business hours, the amount of power that can meet the demand for power reduction is small. Also, in detached houses and apartment houses, the amount of electric power that can meet the demand for power reduction is reduced because the amount of electric power consumption is similarly small at midnight and during the day. Therefore, it is possible to improve the adjustment accuracy of power supply and demand by grasping the number of cases for each consumer type.

  In the power management system proposed in Patent Document 1, since the number of cases for each customer type is not taken into consideration, it is difficult to grasp the tendency of the power demand of the customers managed by each CEMS. Therefore, it is difficult to appropriately adjust supply and demand such as distribution of power reduction amount to each CEMS even if the above configuration information is used.

  The present invention has been made to cope with the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to appropriately adjust supply and demand.

In order to achieve the above object, the features of the present invention are:
A consumer power management device (41, 42) that is provided for each consumer and manages the power of the consumer;
A sub-regional power management apparatus that is provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses, and that manages the power of an individual consumer group that is a set of consumers each managed by the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses (71, 72),
An upper region that manages the power of the entire consumer group that is a set of the individual consumer groups that are provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of lower region power management devices, and each of which manages power by the plurality of lower region power management devices A power supply and demand adjustment system comprising: a power management device (90);
The upper regional power management device is:
Supply and demand adjustment amount calculation means (S22) for calculating a supply and demand adjustment amount for adjusting the power supply and demand of the overall consumer group based on the electricity supply and demand prediction of the overall consumer group;
Number-of-types reception means (S21) for each type that receives the number-of-types information indicating the number of cases for each type, which is the number of customers for each type of customer that represents the usage of the building of the customer. ,
Distribution means (S23, S24) for allocating the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group based on the number of cases of each type for each individual consumer group;
Supply / demand adjustment result transmission means for transmitting information representing the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result obtained by allocating the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group to each sub-regional power management apparatus that manages the power of each individual consumer group (S25) And
The lower area power management device is:
Number-of-types transmission means (S20) for sending the number-of-items information of each individual consumer group to the number-of-types receiving means for each type of the higher-level regional power management device;
The information indicating the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result transmitted from the supply / demand adjustment result transmission means of the higher-level power management apparatus is received, and a supply / demand adjustment signal corresponding to the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result is sent to the consumer power management apparatus Supplied with supply / demand adjustment signal transmission means (S26, S27) for transmission.

  The power supply and demand adjustment system of the present invention includes a consumer power management apparatus, a lower area power management apparatus, and an upper area power management apparatus. The consumer power management device is provided for each consumer and manages the power of the consumer. The management of electric power includes at least management of electric power consumption consumed in the consumer. For example, the consumer power management apparatus displays the power consumption in the consumer in real time, or adjusts the power consumption by controlling the electrical load in the consumer according to the power consumption. Furthermore, the consumer power management device has a function of controlling the operation of the power generation device and power storage device provided in the consumer, and managing the amount of power supplied to the outside through the distribution network. It may be.

  The lower area power management device manages the power of the customer group managed by the customer power management devices by transmitting and receiving to / from the plurality of customer power management devices. This consumer group is called an individual consumer group. The higher-order regional power management device manages the power of a plurality of individual consumer groups managed by the lower-order regional power management devices by transmitting and receiving to / from the plurality of lower-order regional power management devices. The plurality of individual consumer groups are collectively referred to as an overall consumer group. Therefore, it is possible to manage the electric power of the consumers included in the entire consumer group by the hierarchical communication network.

  In this power supply and demand system, the upper area power management apparatus includes a supply and demand adjustment amount calculation means, a number of cases per type reception means, a distribution means and a supply and demand adjustment result transmission means, and the lower area power management device includes the number of cases per type. Transmitting means and supply and demand adjustment signal transmitting means are provided.

  The supply and demand adjustment amount calculation means calculates a supply and demand adjustment amount for adjusting the power supply and demand of the entire consumer group based on the power supply and demand prediction of the entire consumer group. You may make it acquire the electric power supply-and-demand prediction of the whole consumer group by collecting the prediction information regarding the electric power supply-and-demand of each individual consumer group from a low-order area power management apparatus, for example.

  In this case, the lower area power management apparatus may include individual consumer group power supply / demand prediction information transmission means (S20) for transmitting prediction information related to the power supply / demand of the individual consumer group to the upper area power management apparatus. Further, the upper region power management apparatus receives the prediction information related to the power supply and demand of each individual consumer group transmitted from the individual consumer group power supply and demand prediction information transmission means of the lower region power management apparatus, and based on the prediction information In addition, it is preferable to provide general consumer group power supply and demand prediction means (S21) for predicting the power supply and demand of the general consumer group.

  This supply and demand adjustment amount is distributed to each individual consumer group. The power demand characteristics of consumers, for example, the daily trend of power consumption varies greatly depending on the type of consumer. Therefore, when allocating the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group, the number of cases for each consumer type in each individual consumer group may be considered. Therefore, in the lower-area power management apparatus, the number-of-types transmission means transmits number-of-types information indicating the number of cases for each type, which is the number of customers for each type of consumer, to the higher-order area power management apparatus. In the upper area power management apparatus, the number-of-types receiving unit receives the number-of-types information transmitted from each of the number-of-types transmitting unit.

  The distribution unit distributes the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group based on the number of cases for each type of individual consumer group. Therefore, for example, the supply and demand adjustment amount can be distributed in consideration of the power demand characteristic for each individual consumer group.

  The supply and demand adjustment result transmission means transmits information representing the supply and demand adjustment amount distribution result obtained by distributing the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group to each lower-area power management apparatus that manages the power of each individual consumer group. In the subregional power management apparatus, the supply and demand adjustment signal transmission means receives information indicating the supply and demand adjustment amount distribution result, and transmits a supply and demand adjustment signal corresponding to the supply and demand adjustment amount distribution result to the consumer power management apparatus. The supply and demand adjustment signal may be, for example, a signal representing incentive information for controlling the power consumption behavior of the user of the consumer, or a control signal for controlling an electrical load, a power generation device, a power storage device, or the like in the consumer. Any signal may be used as long as it can change the power supply and demand.

  For example, power price information, service point information, message information, etc. can be used as incentive information. For example, by informing the user of the unit price of the power rate set higher than normal, the user can be guided to suppress power consumption, and conversely, the user sets the power price set lower than normal. By informing the user, it is possible to guide the user so as not to suppress power consumption (actively consume power).

  As a result, according to the power supply and demand adjustment system of the present invention, the supply and demand adjustment amount is distributed to each individual consumer group based on the number of cases for each type of individual consumer group, so that the supply and demand adjustment can be appropriately performed.

A feature of one aspect of the present invention is that
The distribution means is configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of past response to power supply and demand for the adjustment of power supply and demand for each individual consumer group. It is in.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the distribution unit distributes the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply and demand response performance to the adjustment of power supply and demand for each individual consumer group. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately preliminarily estimate in advance how much the power supply and demand changes in each individual consumer group by the distributed supply and demand adjustment amount. As a result, supply and demand can be adjusted more appropriately.

A feature of one aspect of the present invention is that
The distribution means allocates the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply / demand response performance to the adjustment of the power supply / demand for each individual consumer group. It is that it was configured as follows.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the distribution ratio setting means determines the supply and demand adjustment amount for each individual demand by taking into account the past power supply and demand response performance for each individual consumer group and each power supply and demand adjustment. Allocate to households. The response to supply and demand adjustment has different characteristics depending on the customer type. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, supply and demand can be adjusted more appropriately. For example, the average response value for each customer type in each individual customer group may be used as the response result.

A feature of one aspect of the present invention is that
The distribution means is configured to distribute the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the supply / demand adjustment time zone for each consumer type.

  The response characteristic of supply and demand that appears for supply and demand adjustment varies depending on the time zone. This response characteristic varies depending on the customer type. For example, in a commercial building, since the power consumption is originally small outside the business hours, the amount of power that can meet the demand for power reduction is small. In addition, in a house, the amount of power that can meet the demand for power reduction is reduced because the amount of power consumption is similarly small at midnight and during the day. Therefore, in one aspect of the present invention, the distribution unit distributes the supply and demand adjustment amount in consideration of the supply and demand adjustment time zone for each consumer type. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, supply and demand can be adjusted more appropriately.

A feature of one aspect of the present invention is that
The distribution means allocates the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual demand so that the burden on the supply and demand adjustment differs between the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the individual consumer group generating power shortage. It is configured to be distributed to the family group.

  In this case, the distribution unit distributes the supply and demand adjustment amount for reducing the power demand of the entire consumer group to each individual consumer group, and the individual consumer group generating surplus power and When there is an individual consumer group that has a shortage of power at the same time, the burden of the individual consumer group that has generated surplus power is the same as that of the individual consumer group that has had a shortage of power. It is good to be comprised so that the said supply-and-demand adjustment amount may be distributed to each individual consumer group so that it may become lighter.

  When allocating the supply and demand adjustment amount to reduce the power demand of the entire consumer group to each individual consumer group, the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the individual consumer generating the power shortage When there is a group at the same time, if both individual consumer groups are burdened with the same level of supply and demand adjustment, there is a risk of unfairness for the users of the former individual consumer group. Therefore, in one aspect of the present invention, an individual consumer group in which surplus power is generated, in which a supply and demand adjustment amount for reducing the power demand of the entire consumer group is allocated to each individual consumer group. And the individual consumer group that is experiencing a power shortage exists at the same time, the burden of the individual consumer group that is generating surplus power is more than the burden of the individual consumer group that is experiencing a power shortage. The supply and demand adjustment amount is distributed to each individual consumer group so that it becomes lighter. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, fairness can be maintained between individual consumer groups, and user dissatisfaction can be prevented as much as possible.

  The present invention can be applied not only to the power supply and demand adjustment system but also to a higher-order regional power management device and a lower-order regional power management device provided in the power supply and demand adjustment system.

  In the above description, in order to help the understanding of the invention, the reference numerals used in the embodiment are attached in parentheses to the configuration of the invention corresponding to the embodiment. It is not limited to the embodiment defined by the reference numerals.

It is a schematic block diagram of the electric power grid | system and electric power supply-and-demand adjustment system which concern on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart showing an electric power supply and demand adjustment routine. It is a graph showing the supply-and-demand prediction in each consumer EMS. It is a graph showing the supply-and-demand prediction in a low-order CEMS. It is a graph showing the total supply-and-demand prediction in a high-order CEMS. It is a graph showing the relationship between electric power supply and demand and power supply frequency fluctuation. It is a graph showing transition of photovoltaic power generation electric energy.

  Hereinafter, a power supply and demand adjustment system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electric power system and an electric power supply and demand adjustment system. The electric power system includes a power generation facility 11 provided in the power generation company 10 and a power transmission / distribution facility 21 provided in the power transmission / distribution company 20 to supply power generated by the power generation facility 11 to consumers. The power generation company 10 includes a thermal power generation facility, a wind power generation facility, a solar power generation facility, a hydropower generation facility, and the like as the power generation facility 11. The power transmission / distribution facility 21 converts the generated power into a commercial power supply voltage and supplies it to the customer 30.

  The electricity usage fee of the consumer 30 is settled by the retail electricity supplier 60. The consumers 30 are divided into a plurality of groups for each region, and power supply and demand are managed for each group. In the present embodiment, the customer 30 will be described as being divided into a first consumer group 31 and a second consumer group 32 for easy understanding. The 1st consumer group 31 and the 2nd consumer group 32 are corresponded to the individual consumer group of this invention.

  The retail electricity business operators 60 are also divided into numbers according to the number of groups of customers 30. In this example, the retail electricity supplier 60 includes a first retail electricity supplier 61 that performs the payment of the electricity rate for each consumer 30 in the first consumer group 31 and each consumer in the second consumer group 32. 30 and the second retail electric utility 62 who performs the settlement of the electricity bill. The unit price of the power rate is set for each retail electric utility 61, 62.

  Each customer 30 includes a solar power generation device, a power generation device that generates renewable energy such as a fuel cell, a stationary power storage device that stores surplus power in a building, a heat pump hot water supply device that supplies hot water using nighttime power, and A charging / discharging device for charging / discharging an in-vehicle battery of an electric vehicle (EV) or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV) is optionally provided (not shown).

  Each customer 30 in the first consumer group 31 is provided with a consumer power management device 41 that manages the power in the customer 30. Each consumer 30 in the second consumer group 32 is provided with a consumer power management device 42 that manages the power in the consumer 30. Hereinafter, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the consumer power management apparatus 41 and the consumer power management apparatus 42, both are referred to as a consumer power management apparatus 40. The consumer power management device 40 includes a microcomputer, a display device, a storage device, an operation device, and the like (not shown). The consumer power management device 40, for example, measures the amount of power consumption in a consumer, measures the amount of generated power, measures the amount of charged power, displays various measured power amounts, and adjusts the power consumption. It is a device that performs control, control of the power generation device and stationary power storage device, provision of incentive information to be described later, and the like.

  The consumer power management apparatus 40 includes a lower-order CEMS 70 described later and a communication circuit for performing wireless communication or wired communication with an information terminal device (not shown). The information terminal device is a device that notifies the user of incentive information. For example, a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a personal computer, a home appliance controller, a home appliance remote controller, a photo frame, or the like can be used (not shown).

  The incentive information is information for controlling the power consumption behavior of people (hereinafter referred to as users) in the customer 30. As incentive information, for example, power price information, service point information, message information, and the like can be used. By informing the user of the unit price (hereinafter simply referred to as unit price) of the power charge set higher than usual, the user can be guided to suppress power consumption, and conversely, set to a lower price than usual. By informing the user of the price of the generated power, the user can be guided so as not to suppress power consumption (to actively consume power). Further, it may be information that instructs to suppress power consumption directly by e-mail or the like, or conversely, instructs to recommend power consumption. Therefore, the power consumption behavior includes not only the behavior of the user suppressing power consumption (power saving behavior) but also the direction of weakening the behavior, that is, the behavior of promoting power consumption.

The consumer power management apparatus 40 is divided into a plurality of types as follows depending on the type of consumer to be managed (use of the customer's building).
HEMS (Home Energy Management System): Manages the power of detached houses.
BEMS (Building Energy Management System): Manages the power of buildings (commercial buildings and public buildings).
FEMS (Factory Energy Management System): Manages factory power.
MEMS (Mansion Energy Management System): Manages the power of apartment buildings.
Thus, the type of consumer (use of the customer's building) to be managed is referred to as a consumer type.

  Each of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 is provided with a plurality of consumer type consumer power management devices 40. Here, for the sake of simplicity, the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 will be described as having one HEMS, BEMS, FEMS, and MEMS, respectively. Each customer group 31, 32 is provided with a very large number of customer power management devices 40. Hereinafter, when these consumer power management devices 40 are referred to as consumer EMS 40 and it is necessary to specify those provided in the first consumer group 31, they are referred to as first consumer EMS 41, and second When it is necessary to specify what was provided in the consumer group 32, they are called the 2nd consumer EMS42.

  The first retail electricity supplier 61 includes a first lower-level regional power management device 71. The first lower area power management device 71 manages the power supply and demand of the first consumer group 31. The first sub-regional power management apparatus 71 is provided so as to be able to communicate with each first consumer EMS 41 provided in the first consumer group 31. Similarly, the second retail electricity supplier 62 includes a second lower-area power management device 72. The second lower region power management device 72 manages the power supply and demand of the second consumer group 32. The second lower area power management device 72 is provided so as to be able to communicate with each second consumer EMS 42 provided in the second consumer group 32. In general, since the regional power management apparatus is called a CEMS (Community Energy Management System), hereinafter, the first lower-level regional power management apparatus 71 is referred to as a first lower-level CEMS 71, and the second lower-level regional power management apparatus 72 is referred to as a second lower-level CEMS 72. If there is no need to distinguish between them, they are simply called the subordinate CEMS 70.

  Each retail electric utility 61, 62 is provided with a local power storage device 81 and a local power generation device 82, and the local power storage device 81 and the local power generation device for the consumer groups 31, 32 managed respectively. Power can be supplied from 82. The amount of power supplied from the local power storage device 81 and the local power generation device 82 is taken into account in power supply and demand prediction.

  The power transmission / distribution company 20 includes a higher-level area management device 90 (hereinafter referred to as a higher-level CEMS 90). The upper CEMS 90 manages the power supply and demand of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32. A consumer group that is a combination of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 corresponds to the overall consumer group of the present invention. The upper CEMS 90 is provided so as to be able to communicate with each other with respect to the first lower CEMS 71 and the second lower CEMS 72. The power transmission / distribution company 20 includes a regional storage battery 22, and can perform charging / discharging between the regional storage battery 22 and the power distribution network in accordance with a charge / discharge command from the host CEMS 90. Further, the upper CEMS 90 requests the power generation company 10 to generate power according to the power supply / demand situation, and receives a report on the amount of power generation from the power generation company.

  The power supply and demand adjustment system of the present embodiment communicates with an upper CEMS 90, a plurality of lower CEMSs 70 (in this example, a first lower CEMS 71 and a second lower CEMS 72) that are communicably connected to the upper CEMS 90, and each lower CEMS 70. The plurality of consumers EMS40 (in this example, four first consumers EMS41 and four second consumers EMS42) that are connected to each other are configured.

  Next, the operation of the power supply and demand adjustment system will be described. FIG. 2 shows a power supply and demand adjustment routine. The power supply and demand adjustment routine is executed at a predetermined cycle (for example, once a day). In step S11, the upper CEMS 90 transmits a demand / supply information request to each of the lower CEMSs 70 (first lower CEMS 71 and second lower CEMS 72). When each subordinate CEMS 70 receives the demand / supply information request, in step S12, all the customer EMS 40 (each first consumer) of the consumer group (the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32) managed by itself. A demand / demand prediction request is transmitted to the EMS 41 and each second consumer EMS 42).

  When each demander EMS 40 receives the demand / supply prediction request, it executes a demand / supply prediction calculation in step S13, and in step S14, the demand / supply prediction information indicating the supply / demand prediction calculation result is transmitted to the subordinate CEMS 70 that manages itself.

  In step S13, for example, the consumer EMS 40 predicts the power supply and demand for a certain period (one day in this example) in the consumer 30, that is, the amount of demand power, the amount of power generation, the amount of electricity stored, the amount of power drawn, the surplus Perform quantity prediction. FIG. 3A illustrates an example of power supply / demand prediction for each time period calculated by the HEMS provided in the first consumer group 31, and FIG. 3B is provided in the first consumer group 31. FIG. 3C illustrates an example of the power supply / demand prediction for each time zone calculated by the BEMS provided in the first consumer group 31. FIG. FIG. 3D illustrates an example of power supply / demand prediction for each time period calculated by the FEMS provided in the first consumer group 31.

  A demand power amount (hereinafter referred to as a demand amount), which is one of the supply and demand prediction items, is an estimated value of power consumption expected in the consumer 30 in the future. Each consumer EMS40 has memorize | stored transition of the power consumption measured by the distribution board, and based on this past power consumption history, the date and time, the configuration of home appliances, the configuration of the storage battery, the rechargeable The demand amount is estimated in consideration of the configuration of the vehicle (EV, PHV, etc.), the number of members, the member age, the member sex, etc. (referred to as customer information). In order to do so, each consumer EMS 40 stores the above in-customer information in addition to the power consumption history.

  The amount of power generation, which is one of the supply and demand prediction items, is an estimated value of the amount of power generation expected in the consumer 30 in the future. Each consumer EMS 40 estimates the amount of power generation based on the specifications of the power generation device (solar power generation device, fuel cell, etc.) provided in the customer 30 and the operation plan. Each consumer EMS 40 estimates the power generation amount of a power generation device (such as a solar power generation device) using natural energy in consideration of weather forecast information.

  The amount of power storage, which is one of the supply and demand prediction items, is an estimated value of the amount of power stored in the power storage device (the amount of stored power) expected in the consumer 30 in the future. Each customer EMS 40 stores a charge / discharge plan, and estimates a storage amount based on the charge / discharge plan. Each consumer EMS 40 calculates the accumulated value of the difference between the storage battery charge amount (the amount of power charged in the power storage device) and the storage battery discharge amount (the amount of power discharged from the power storage device) per unit time. Calculate as The upper limit value of the power storage amount is calculated by the sum of the power storage amount upper limit value (full charge amount) in the stationary power storage device installed in the customer 30 and the in-vehicle power storage device of the vehicle owned by the customer 30. The charge / discharge plan may be set in various cases, such as when set by a user, when set by a device operating company, or when set according to incentive information described later.

The estimated value of the pull-in amount or surplus amount is calculated by the following equation (1).
Px = (P1 + P2) − (P3 + P4) (1)
Here, Px represents an estimated value of the pull-in amount or surplus amount, P1 represents an estimated value of the demand amount, P2 represents an estimated value of the storage battery charge amount, P3 represents an estimated value of the power generation amount, and P4 represents the storage battery. Represents the estimated value of discharge. (P1 + P2) represents a demand element, and (P3 + P4) represents a supply element. Therefore, Px represents a pull-in amount when showing a positive value, and represents a surplus amount when showing a negative value.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the daily trend of the demand amount varies depending on the customer type. For example, for customers 30 managed by HEMS or BEMS, there is a tendency for power demand during daytime hours to decrease, and for customers 30 managed by BEMS and FEMS, during daytime hours. Electricity demand tends to increase. Moreover, since the weather conditions are similar between the consumers included in the same consumer group (between neighboring consumers), the transition of the power generation amount using natural energy shows the same tendency. On the other hand, between the customers included in different customer groups (between non-neighboring customers), the weather conditions cannot be said to be similar, and thus may show different tendencies. In addition, FIG. 3 is for showing the transition of the electric energy of the 1st consumer group 31 for one day, Comprising: The vertical axis | shaft does not represent the magnitude | size of electric energy on the same scale. Therefore, although the daily transition of the demand power amount shows the same tendency between HEMS and BEMS, the magnitude of the demand power amount is different.

  Returning to the description of the power supply and demand adjustment routine of FIG. If each consumer EMS40 performs the prediction calculation of electric power supply-demand as mentioned above, in step S14, the supply-demand prediction information showing the prediction result will be transmitted to the subordinate CEMS70 which manages self. That is, each 1st consumer EMS41 transmits supply-and-demand prediction information to the 1st subordinate CEMS71, and each 2nd consumer EMS42 transmits supply-and-demand prediction information to the 2nd subordinate CEMS72. This supply and demand prediction information is information representing the amount of pull-in or surplus for each time zone.

  When each subordinate CEMS 70 receives supply / demand prediction information from each consumer EMS 40, in step S15, each subordinate CEMS 70 performs supply / demand prediction calculation of the customer group (the first consumer group 31 or the second consumer group 32) managed by itself. In this case, each subordinate CEMS 70 performs a prediction calculation of a demand amount and a surplus amount, a power generation amount, and a storage amount of a customer group managed by the subordinate CEMS 70, and represents a power supply / demand state of the customer group based on the prediction calculation. Predict the amount of pull-in and surplus.

  4A shows an example of supply and demand prediction of the first consumer group 31 calculated by the first lower CEMS 71, and FIG. 4B shows the second consumer group 32 calculated by the second lower CEMS 72. This shows an example of supply and demand forecast.

  The demand amount and surplus amount of each customer group shown in the upper graph of FIG. 4 are calculated by summing the pull-in amount and surplus amount transmitted from each customer EMS 40 for each time zone. When the total value indicates a positive value, the amount is drawn, and when the total value indicates a negative value, the surplus amount is expressed. The total of the pull-in amounts is the demand amount in the customer group, and the total surplus amount is the surplus amount in the customer group.

  Further, the power generation amount shown in the second graph in FIG. 4 is the future of the regional power generation device 82 (a power generation device different from the power generation device provided in each customer 30) managed by the lower CEMS 70. Represents the estimated power generation. Each subordinate CEMS 70 estimates the power generation amount based on the specifications of the local power generation device 82 managed by itself and the operation plan. Each subordinate CEMS 70 estimates the power generation amount in consideration of weather forecast information for power generation devices (solar power generation devices, wind power generation devices, etc.) using natural energy.

  In addition, the power storage amount shown in the third graph in FIG. 4 is expected in the future of the regional power storage device 81 (separate from the power storage device provided in each consumer) managed by the lower CEMS 70. It represents the estimated value of the amount of electricity stored. Each subordinate CEMS 70 stores a charge / discharge plan of the local power storage device 81 managed by the subordinate CEMS 70, and estimates a storage amount based on the charge / discharge plan.

  Each subordinate CEMS 70 calculates the integrated value of the difference between the storage battery charge amount (the amount of power charged in the local power storage device 81) and the storage battery discharge amount (the power amount discharged from the local power storage device 81) for each time zone. Calculated as the amount of electricity stored in the device 82. The upper limit value of the power storage amount is calculated by the sum of the power storage amount upper limit value (full charge amount) in the local power storage device 82 and the local in-vehicle power storage device (separate from the in-vehicle power storage device possessed by each consumer). The charge / discharge plan may be set in various cases, such as when set by a subordinate administrator, when set by a device operating company, or set according to incentive information.

  On the basis of the demand amount, surplus amount, power generation amount, and storage amount, a pull-in amount and a surplus amount representing the power supply / demand state of the customer group are calculated. The withdrawn amount and the surplus amount are predicted values of the withdrawn amount and the surplus amount in units of the customer groups 31 and 32, and are calculated in the same manner as the above equation (1).

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, the weather in the area of the first consumer group 31 is sunny, and the weather in the area of the second consumer group 32 is rain. Therefore, the power generation amount of the regional power generation device 82 managed by the first subordinate CEMS 71 includes a large amount of photovoltaic power generation, but the power generation amount of the regional power generation device 82 managed by the second subordinate CEMS 72 is , Almost no solar power generation. In addition, the daytime demand amount of the first consumer group 31 is small, and the daytime demand amount of the second consumer group 32 is large.

  In the power supply / demand prediction example shown in FIG. 4, in the first consumer group 31, the amount of pull-in is zero, and power surplus occurs at 15:00 and 16:00. On the other hand, in the 2nd consumer group 32, there are many amounts of drawing-in (from 6:00 to 23:00), and the electric power surplus has not generate | occur | produced.

  When the pull-in amount is large, the pull-in amount can be reduced by causing the user to promote power saving behavior. Moreover, when the electric power surplus has generate | occur | produced, a surplus electric power can be utilized effectively by making a user promote electric power use. Therefore, each subordinate CEMS 70 sets a provisional supply and demand adjustment plan (hereinafter referred to as a provisional supply and demand adjustment plan) that controls the user's power consumption behavior in step S16 so that the pull-in amount and the surplus amount are leveled. To do. This temporary supply and demand adjustment plan is, for example, a set supply and demand adjustment amount for each time zone. This temporary supply and demand adjustment plan is performed independently in each subordinate CEMS 70, and the supply and demand prediction relationship between the subordinate CEMS 70 is not taken into consideration. Note that, in a higher-order CEMS 90 to be described later, a total supply-demand prediction obtained by adding up the supply-demand predictions of each lower-order CEMS 70 is calculated, and a formal supply-demand adjustment plan is set based on the total supply-demand prediction. Accordingly, the provisional supply and demand adjustment plan is provisional until the higher level CEMS 90 sets a formal supply and demand adjustment plan.

  In the present embodiment, the supply and demand is adjusted by adjusting the power unit price. By informing the user of the power unit price from each consumer EMS 40, the user's power consumption behavior can be changed. For example, if the unit price of power charge for power consumption (hereinafter referred to as a power unit price) is set higher than a reference unit price (average unit price), the user tries to save power. On the other hand, if the power unit price is set lower than the reference unit price, the user loosens power and promotes power consumption. For example, the vehicle-mounted storage battery is charged or the set temperature of the air conditioner is changed from a power saving temperature to a comfortable temperature. Therefore, the supply and demand can be adjusted for each time zone by changing the power unit price for each time zone.

  The unit price of power used in the provisional supply and demand adjustment plan (hereinafter referred to as the “tentative power unit price”) is set to a price lower than the reference unit price as the surplus amount increases in the time zone where surplus power is generated. On the other hand, in the time zone during which power is being drawn in, the price is set higher than the reference unit price as the amount of pull-in increases. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the first subordinate CEMS 71 sets the power unit price to be lower than the reference unit price from 15:00 to 16:00 when surplus power is generated, and sets the power unit price to the reference unit price in other time zones. On the other hand, the second lower CEMS 72 sets the power unit price higher than the reference unit price at 6:00 to 23:00 when power is being drawn in, and sets the power unit price to the reference unit price during other time periods.

  Each subordinate CEMS 70, after setting the temporary power unit price, transmits the temporary power unit price information to the customer EMS 40 managed by itself in step S17. That is, the first lower CEMS 71 transmits the temporary power unit price information to each first consumer EMS 41, and the second lower CEMS 72 transmits the temporary power unit price information to each second consumer EMS41.

  Each consumer EMS40 will notify a user of a temporary power unit price in step S18, if temporary power unit price information is received. The notification of the temporary power unit price to the user may be displayed on a display provided in the consumer EMS 40, or an information terminal used by the user, for example, a mobile terminal (smartphone or the like), a personal computer, a photo frame, You may make it notify a user via a household appliance remote control. As a result, the user recognizes the temporary power unit price and takes power consumption behavior. Therefore, the temporary power unit price is information that gives the user an incentive for power consumption behavior.

  Each subordinate CEMS 70 (first subordinate CEMS 71, second subordinate CEMS 72) updates customer information related to the customer group (first consumer group 31, second consumer group 32) managed by itself in step S19. To do. This customer information is information indicating the number of customers 30 for each type of customer in the customer group (the number of customers EMS 40 provided in the customers 30 who have a power contract) and the average response coefficient. is there. The average response coefficient will be described later.

  Subsequently, in step S <b> 20, each lower CEMS 70 transmits supply / demand prediction information representing predicted values for the calculated amount of withdrawal and surplus for each time zone to the upper CEMS 90. At this time, each lower-order CEMS 70 also transmits to the higher-order CEMS 90 the customer information related to the customers 30 that belong to the customer group (the first customer group 31 and the second customer group 32) that it manages.

  In step S21, the upper CEMS 90 receives the supply and demand prediction information and the customer information transmitted from each lower CEMS 70. Then, based on the supply and demand prediction information, a total supply and demand prediction calculation is performed. In this case, the upper CEMS 90 adds up the amount of withdrawal and the surplus amount calculated by each lower CEMS 70 for each time zone, thereby all the customer groups managed by the upper CEMS 90 (first consumer group 31 + second consumer group 32). : Hereinafter referred to as “total consumer group”), the predicted value of the total amount of withdrawal and the surplus amount is calculated.

  The upper graph in FIG. 5 represents the total supply and demand prediction result calculated by the upper CEMS 90. The total supply and demand forecast result is expressed by the amount of pull-in and surplus by time. In step S22, the upper CEMS 90 calculates a supply / demand adjustment amount for adjusting the power supply / demand of the entire consumer group based on the total supply / demand prediction result. In this case, the supply and demand adjustment amount that works in the direction of promoting power saving is calculated for the user during the time period when power is being drawn in, and power saving is performed for the user during the time period when surplus power is generated. The supply and demand adjustment amount that works in the direction of loosening is calculated. The supply and demand adjustment amount in the present embodiment is a power unit price adjustment amount for adjusting the power unit price, and is set so that the power unit price increases with respect to the reference unit price as the pull-in amount increases, and the power unit price increases as the surplus amount increases. It is set to decrease with respect to the reference unit price.

The power unit price adjustment amount is calculated by multiplying the pull-in amount or surplus amount calculated by the upper CEMS 90 by the conversion coefficient α. For example, in FIG. 5, if the pull-in amount at 6:00 am is A ₆ (kWh), the power unit price adjustment amount X ₆ before distribution at 6:00 am is calculated as the following equation (2).
X ₆ = A ₆ × α (2)
For example, in FIG. 5, if the surplus amount at 3 pm (15:00) is A ₁₅ (kWh), the power unit price adjustment X ₁₅ before distribution at 3 pm is expressed by the following equation (3): Is calculated.
X ₁₅ = −A ₁₅ × α (3)
The pre-allocation power unit price adjustments X ₆ and X ₁₅ are representative examples, and the pre-allocation power unit price adjustments are calculated for all time zones.

  This pre-distribution power unit price adjustment amount is distributed to the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32. In step S23, the upper CEMS 90 sets a distribution ratio for distributing the pre-distribution power unit price adjustment amount to the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32. The setting of the distribution ratio will be described later. Subsequently, in step S24, the upper CEMS 90 determines the power unit price C1 of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 representing the final supply and demand adjustment plan based on the pre-allocation power unit price adjustment amount and the allocation ratio. The power unit price C2 is calculated as follows.

When the pre-allocation power unit price adjustment amount for each time zone is X, the pre-allocation power unit price adjustment amount X is allocated to the consumer group managed by each subordinate CEMS 70. For example, if the distribution coefficient to the first consumer group 31 managed by the first lower CEMS 71 is K1, and the distribution coefficient to the second consumer group 32 managed by the second lower CEMS 72 is K2, the first consumer The power unit price adjustment amount X1 in the group 31 and the power unit price adjustment amount X2 in the second consumer group 32 are calculated by the following equations (4) and (5).
X1 = K1 × X (4)
X2 = K2 × X (5)
A method for setting the distribution coefficients K1 and K2 will be described later. The distribution ratio to the first consumer group 31 is K1 / (K1 + K2), and the distribution ratio to the second consumer group 32 is K2 / (K1 + K2).

The power unit price is set for each of the consumer groups 31 and 32. In this case, the power unit price C1 applied to the first consumer group 31 managed by the first subordinate CEMS 71 and the power unit price C2 applied to the second consumer group 32 managed by the second subordinate CEMS 72 are: The following equations (6) and (7) are calculated.
C1 = X1 + Cbase (6)
C2 = X2 + Cbase (7)
Here, Cbase represents a preset reference unit price. The reference unit price is set as an average power unit price.

  The final supply and demand adjustment plan is represented by these power unit prices C1 and C2.

  When the upper unit CEMS 90 calculates the power unit prices C1 and C2 as described above in step S24, in step S25, the information indicating the power unit price C1 is transmitted to the first lower CEMS 71, and the information indicating the power unit price C2 is transmitted to the second lower unit. Send to CEMS 72. The information indicating the power unit prices C1 and C2 corresponds to information indicating the supply and demand adjustment amount distribution result in the present invention.

  When each lower CEMS 70 receives the information indicating the power unit price, in step S26, the temporary power unit price calculated in the previous step S16 is corrected (replaced) to the power unit price transmitted from the higher CEMS 90. In this way, the supply and demand adjustment plan is corrected. In step S27, each subordinate CEMS 70 transmits information representing the corrected power unit price as incentive information to the customer EMS 40 managed by itself.

  Thereby, each consumer EMS40 changes the display of the power unit price currently displayed on the indicator and the information terminal in step S28 from a temporary value (temporary power unit price) to a formal value (formal power unit price). As a result, the user recognizes the official power unit price and takes power consumption action. In this case, for example, each consumer EMS40 is good to be comprised so that a display form may be changed with a temporary power unit price and a formal power unit price.

<Distribution coefficient>
Next, a method for setting the distribution coefficients K1 and K2 will be described. The distribution coefficient K1 and the distribution coefficient K2 are coefficients for allocating the electric power unit price adjustment amount X before distribution to the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32, and are calculated by the following equations (8) and (9). Is done.
K1 = y1 × (z1 / (z1 + z2)) (8)
K2 = y2 × (z2 / (z1 + z2)) (9)
Here, y1 is a burden coefficient of the first consumer group 31, y2 is a burden coefficient of the second consumer group 32, z1 is a response coefficient of the first consumer group 31, and z2 is a response coefficient of the second consumer group 32. Represents. These coefficients will be described below.

<Bearing coefficient>
Table 1 shows the burden coefficient y1 and the burden coefficient y2 set according to the supply and demand state of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32.

  The load factors y1 and y2 are set according to the supply and demand state of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32, that is, whether the power is in a shortage state (power draw-in state) or a power surplus state. . In this case, as shown in Table 1, when the power demand and supply states are the same in the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32, the burden coefficients y1 and y2 are the same value (0.5 ).

  In addition, when the supply and demand state is different between the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 (when one is in the power draw state and the other is in the power surplus state), the consumers in the power surplus state The burden of the electricity charge of the group is reduced, and the burden of the electricity charge of the consumer group that is in a power shortage state is increased. For example, the total supply and demand state predicted by the upper CEMS 90 (represented by the sum of the amount of withdrawal and surplus of the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32 as shown in the upper graph of FIG. 5) is insufficient. In the state (power draw-in state), the power unit price adjustment amount acts to increase the power unit price from the reference unit price. In this case, the upper CEMS 90 sets the burden coefficient of the consumer group (31 or 32) in a surplus power state to a value smaller than the burden coefficient of the consumer group (32 or 32) in a power shortage state. Set. For example, the burden coefficient of the consumer group (31 or 32) in the power surplus state is set to the value (0.3), and the burden coefficient of the consumer group (32 or 32) in the power shortage state is set. Set to the value (0.7).

  On the other hand, when the supply and demand state predicted by the upper CEMS 90 is a surplus power state, the power unit price adjustment amount acts to reduce the power unit price from the reference unit price. In this case, in this embodiment, instead of setting the burden coefficients y1 and y2, the distribution coefficient K1 and the distribution coefficient K2 themselves are set to predetermined values, for example, a value (1.0) and a value (0). . That is, the upper CEMS 90 sets the distribution coefficient (K1 or K2) of the customer group (31 or 32) in the power surplus state to the value (1.0), and the customer group in the power shortage state. The distribution coefficient (K2 or K1) of (32 or 31) is set to the value (0). Thereby, the burden of an electric power charge can be eased only with respect to the consumer group which is in a power surplus state. Instead of this, burden coefficients y1 and y2 may be set. In this case, since the burden of the power charge is reduced as the burden coefficient is larger, the burden coefficient of the consumer group (31 or 32) in the surplus power state is set as the consumer group in the power shortage state. It may be set to a value larger than the burden coefficient of (32 or 32). For example, the burden coefficient of the consumer group (31 or 32) in the power surplus state is set to a value (0.7), and the burden coefficient of the consumer group (32 or 32) in the power shortage state is set. Set to the value (0.3).

  By doing in this way, in the consumer group which is in a power shortage state, the burden rate of the power charge becomes larger than the consumer group in which the power is surplus. In other words, in the consumer group that has surplus power, the burden rate of the power charge is lighter than that in the consumer group that is in a power shortage state. Thereby, the fairness between consumer groups can be maintained.

<Response coefficient>
When the supply and demand adjustment is performed, if the user 30 responds to the supply and demand adjustment, that is, by knowing in advance how much the supply and demand changes by notifying the user of the change in the power unit price, Supply and demand can be adjusted with high accuracy. The response coefficients z1 and z2 used in the above formulas (8) and (9) represent the degree of fluctuation of the supply and demand with respect to the change in the power unit price.

<Consumer average response coefficient>
Trends in supply and demand fluctuations that appear as a result of changes in unit price of electricity vary depending on the type of customer and the time zone. Further, the fluctuation amount of the supply and demand amount is proportional to the number of customers 30. Therefore, in the present embodiment, each lower-order CEMS 70 has customer information that represents the number of cases for each customer type and an average response coefficient (referred to as a customer average response coefficient) per customer for each customer type. Are sequentially updated and stored, and when the supply and demand prediction information is transmitted to the upper CEMS 90, the customer information is also transmitted together. Here, the number of customers 30 means the number of customers EMS 40.

  The consumer average response coefficient is, for example, the power supply and demand measured when the power unit price is set to the reference unit price, and the power supply and demand measured when the power unit price is adjusted to increase or decrease with respect to the reference unit price. Difference (absolute value) is calculated as the response power amount obtained in response to the adjustment of the power unit price, and the response power amount is calculated as an average value per customer for each consumer type. it can.

  This consumer average response coefficient is finally required to set the distribution coefficients K1 and K2. Accordingly, it is not necessary to accurately calculate the magnitude of the response power amount itself, and a value serving as an index for grasping the balance of the response power amount with respect to the supply and demand adjustment between the respective lower CEMSs 70 may be set as the average response coefficient.

  Each subordinate CEMS 70 obtains performance information representing the actual amount of supply and demand in a predetermined cycle from each customer EMS 40 separately from the power supply and demand adjustment routine (FIG. 2). It is possible to grasp the power consumption and surplus power by date and time zone. Each subordinate CEMS 70 sets a consumer average response coefficient for each consumer type, and sets each consumer type based on this actual information and supply / demand adjustment actual information (information indicating power unit price by date and time). Then, the average response coefficient is calculated, and the latest average response coefficient in the predetermined period is updated and stored as a new average response coefficient each time.

Table 2 (a) shows customer information (the number of customers in the first customer group 31, the average customer response coefficient) in the first lower CEMS 71, and Table 2 (b) shows the customer in the second lower CEMS 72. Information (the number of consumers of the 2nd consumer group 32, a consumer average response coefficient) is represented.

  In this example, the number of customer cases is one for each customer type in both the first consumer group 31 managed by the first lower CEMS 71 and the second consumer group 32 managed by the second lower CEMS 72. . That is, one HEMS, MEMS, BEMS, and FEMS are connected to the first lower CEMS 71 and the second lower CEMS 72, respectively. For the number of customers, the larger the value, the greater the capacity for supply and demand adjustment. In addition, as for the average response coefficient, the larger the value, the greater the capacity for supply and demand adjustment.

<Time zone factor>
The response characteristic of supply and demand that appears for supply and demand adjustment (adjustment of power unit price) varies depending on the time zone. This response characteristic varies depending on the customer type. In addition to the power supply and demand adjustment routine (FIG. 2), the higher order CEMS 90 acquires actual result information representing the actual supply and demand amount for each customer type from each lower order CEMS 70 in a predetermined cycle. The results of supply and demand for each customer type in the house group can be grasped. Therefore, the upper CEMS 90 is a time zone coefficient that represents the degree of response for each time zone in the overall consumer group based on the supply and demand results for each customer type in the overall customer group and the supply and demand adjustment results (power unit price adjustment results). Is calculated for each customer type. The host CEMS 90 periodically calculates the time zone coefficient, and updates and stores the latest time zone coefficient as a new time zone coefficient each time. The time zone coefficient means that the larger the value, the greater the capacity for power supply and demand adjustment.

Table 3 shows the time zone coefficient for each consumer type. For example, with respect to a detached house or an apartment house, a large time zone coefficient is set from 6 o'clock to 9 o'clock and from 18 o'clock to 21 o'clock, which are general life time zones of the home. On the other hand, for a building or factory, a large time zone coefficient is set in the business hours or operating hours.

<CEMS response coefficient>
As described above, the upper CEMS 90 uses the first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 and the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 as parameters when calculating the distribution coefficients K1 and K2. The first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 and the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 are calculated by the upper CEMS 90 as follows. Since the calculation method of the first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 and the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 is common, the description will be made without distinguishing both. Hereinafter, the first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 and the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 are collectively referred to as a lower CEMS response coefficient z.

The lower CEMS response coefficient z is calculated by summing up the response coefficients z * calculated for each consumer type. For example, the response coefficient z * is expressed for each customer type, with the response coefficient relating to a detached house being zh, the response coefficient relating to an apartment house being zm, the response coefficient relating to a building being zb, and the response coefficient relating to a factory being zf. In this case, the lower CEMS response coefficient z is calculated as (zh + zm + zb + zf).
The response coefficient z * for each consumer type is calculated by the following equation (10).
z * = N × Kr × Kt (10)
Here, N is the number of customers, Kr is a consumer average response coefficient, and Kt is a time zone coefficient.

Table 4 shows, as an example, a first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 * and a second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 * for each customer type in the time zone from 18:00 to 21:00.

For example, the first lower CEMS response coefficient z1h related to the detached houses of the first consumer group 31 is calculated as in the following equation (11).
z1h = 1.0 × 1.0 × 3.0 = 3.0 (11)
For example, the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2b related to the commercial building of the second consumer group 32 is calculated as in the following equation (12).
z2b = 1.0 × 60.0 × 2.0 = 120.0 (12)

  The first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 is set to the total value of the response coefficients z1 * for each consumer type in the first consumer group 31. In this example, the first lower CEMS response coefficient z1 is 148.0. Similarly, the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 is set to the total value of the response coefficients z2 * for each consumer type in the second consumer group 32. In this example, the second lower CEMS response coefficient z2 is 289.0.

  The upper CEMS 90 calculates the distribution coefficients K1 and K2 by substituting the response coefficients z1 and z2 and the burden coefficients y1 and y2 calculated in this way into the above formulas (8) and (9). By substituting K1 and K2 into the above formulas (4) and (5), the power unit price adjustment amount X1 in the first consumer group 31 and the power unit price adjustment amount X2 in the second consumer group 32 are calculated. The upper CEMS 90 calculates the power unit prices C1 and C2 representing the final supply and demand adjustment plan by substituting the power unit price adjustment amounts X1 and X2 into the above formulas (6) and (7).

  In this way, information representing the power unit price C1 is transmitted to the first lower CEMS 71, and information representing the power unit price C2 is transmitted to the second lower CEMS 72.

  Here, the role of the power supply and demand adjustment system will be described. In the power system, it is necessary to balance demand (power consumption) and supply (power generation). 6A shows the time transition of the power consumption and the amount of generated power, and FIG. 6B shows the time transition of the AC frequency fluctuation of the supplied power. As shown in the figure, as the difference between the demand and the supply increases, the AC frequency fluctuation of the supplied power increases and the quality of the power supply decreases. For this reason, when the demand greatly exceeds the supply, it is necessary to take measures such as a temporary power failure (separate some electric loads from the power system).

  In addition, when power generation devices (for example, solar panels) using natural energy become widespread, the demand amount and the supply amount vary greatly depending on weather conditions. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the amount of solar power generated by the solar panel changes as indicated by a solid line when it is clear, but when the sunlight is blocked by the passage of clouds, it is indicated by a broken line. Depressed temporarily as shown.

  Further, the scale of the power generation facility 11 owned by the power generation company 10 is determined according to the magnitude of the peak power. For this reason, by reducing the peak power, it is possible to reduce the scale of the power generation facility 11 or to suppress the increase in scale. Therefore, there is a demand for minimizing fluctuations in power demand.

  In order to cope with such background and demand, in the power supply and demand adjustment system of the present embodiment, a lower CEMS 70 provided for each consumer group and capable of transmitting and receiving with each consumer EMS 40 in the consumer group, and higher ranks of the lower CEMS 70 Each lower CEMS 70 is provided, and an upper CEMS 90 capable of transmitting and receiving is provided. Each consumer EMS 40 performs a supply and demand prediction calculation for each time zone of the day, and transmits the prediction result (withdrawal amount and surplus amount) to the subordinate CEMS 70. Each lower-order CEMS 70 calculates a demand / supply prediction of a group of consumers based on the prediction result of the customer EMS 40 and transmits it to the higher-order CEMS 90. The upper CEMS 90 sets a supply and demand adjustment plan (electric power unit price for each customer group) based on the supply and demand prediction result transmitted from each lower CEMS 70, and notifies each customer EMS 40 of the supply and demand adjustment plan via each lower CEMS 70. To do.

  Thereby, the user of each consumer 30 is induced to the power unit price set for each time zone and takes power consumption behavior. For example, when the power draw-in amount is large, the power unit price is set higher than usual, so the user actively promotes power saving. Therefore, the power peak can be lowered. Conversely, when surplus power is generated, the power unit price is set lower than usual, so the user relaxes power saving or promotes power consumption. For example, the vehicle battery is actively charged. Therefore, surplus power can be used effectively. In addition, since the power supply unit price is set for each time zone in the supply and demand adjustment plan, the user can set a power consumption plan (for example, a charging plan) at a low cost. Therefore, surplus power can be used effectively.

  Moreover, since the supply and demand adjustment plan is set based on the supply and demand prediction aggregated from the consumer EMS 40, an appropriate supply and demand adjustment plan can be set. For this reason, it is possible to maintain a good balance between supply and demand. Moreover, since the peak electric power of a consumer group can be lowered | hung, the reduction of the scale of the local power generation device 80 which the retail electric utility 60 holds, or suppression of enlargement can be aimed at.

  In addition, when there is a customer group that generates surplus power and a customer group that generates power shortage, the burden of the customer group that generates surplus power is the cause of power shortage. The distribution ratio is set so as to be lighter than the burden on the consumer group. Therefore, fairness can be maintained between consumer groups, and user dissatisfaction can be prevented as much as possible. In addition, the user actively takes power saving action to reduce the demand. Along with this, power generation devices that use natural energy and power storage devices that store the generated power become widespread.

  By the way, when a system that aggregates the supply and demand predictions of each customer and sets a supply and demand adjustment plan is constructed, when the community scale increases and the number of consumers EMS 40 increases, the communication network also expands and communication There is a concern that the time lag will increase. On the other hand, the power supply and demand adjustment system of the present embodiment is provided with the CEMS hierarchized. The supply and demand predictions of the customer EMS 40 are aggregated by sharing them among a plurality of lower CEMSs 70, and further aggregated by each lower CEMS 70. The system configuration is such that the demand and supply predictions are aggregated by the upper CEMS 90. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time related to the supply and demand prediction calculation, and as a result, it is possible to reduce the time until the final supply and demand adjustment plan is set and reflected to the user.

  The response characteristic of the change in power supply / demand according to the supply / demand adjustment plan (adjustment of power unit price) varies depending on the type of consumer. In addition, the amount of change in power supply and demand is proportional to the number of consumers. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the lower-order CEMS 70 stores customer information representing the number of customer EMSs for each customer type and the average response coefficient for each customer type in the customer group managed by the lower-level CEMS 90. Send. Accordingly, the upper CEMS 90 can appropriately predict the response amount of the power supply / demand with respect to the supply / demand adjustment amount for each consumer type, and can set an appropriate supply / demand adjustment plan. Further, since the upper CEMS 90 receives the customer information of each customer group from the lower CEMS 70, even when the number of customer EMSs or the average response coefficient fluctuates, the calculation load related to supply and demand adjustment is reduced. It won't be heavy.

  In addition, the response characteristics of the change in power supply / demand due to the supply / demand adjustment plan (adjustment of power unit price) vary depending on the customer type depending on the time zone. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the upper CEMS 90 sets in advance a time zone coefficient that represents the degree of response for each time zone by dividing the type of consumer, and performs a supply and demand adjustment plan using this time zone coefficient. For this reason, a more appropriate supply and demand adjustment plan can be set.

  In the present embodiment, the upper CEMS 90 distributes the adjustment amount (supply / demand adjustment amount) of the power unit price to the lower CEMS 70. The distribution amount is the total value (total supply / demand prediction) predicted by the lower CEMS 70. (Quantity) is multiplied by the conversion coefficient α and the distribution coefficients K1 and K2. The distribution numbers K1 and K2 are calculated from preset burden coefficients y1 and y2 and CEMS response coefficients z1 and z2. Therefore, the calculation load of the upper CEMS 90 is small.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, supply and demand adjustment is performed using the total supply and demand forecast amount, the number of customers for each customer type, and the response characteristics (customer average response coefficient and time zone coefficient) for each customer type. In order to plan, it is possible to carry out highly accurate supply and demand adjustment.

  The power supply and demand adjustment system according to this embodiment has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the object of the present invention.

  For example, in the present embodiment, a daily supply and demand adjustment plan for each hour is set, but the supply and demand adjustment plan may be set with a span longer or shorter than one hour. Further, the planning period does not have to be for one day, and can be arbitrarily set, for example, for one week. Further, the cycle for setting the supply and demand adjustment plan may be shorter than the plan period. For example, the supply and demand adjustment plan for one day may be set and updated every hour.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although the electric power generation company 10 is provided independently, the output of the local power generation apparatus 82 provided in each retail electric power company 60, for example, without providing the independent power generation company 10 is provided. It is also possible to construct an electric power system that can supply power only with the electric power to be generated.

  In this embodiment, incentive information representing the unit price of electric power is provided to the user to control the user's power consumption behavior. However, the incentive information provided to the user is not limited to the unit price of electric power, It may be used. Further, supply and demand adjustment guidance such as e-mail, voice announcement, and display for directly instructing the power consumption behavior may be used.

  In addition, the supply and demand adjustment is not limited to changing the user's power consumption behavior, but a configuration in which a control command signal for forcibly controlling the operation of the electric load managed by the consumer EMS 40 is transmitted to the consumer EMS 40. There may be. For example, the higher-order CEMS 90 uses the distribution coefficients K1 and K2 described above for the total demand-and-supply predicted power amount P (the predicted value of the total pull-in amount and surplus amount of all the customer groups) calculated in step S21. The distribution is made to the first consumer group 31 and the second consumer group 32. Then, the upper CEMS 90 transmits information indicating the distributed power amount (P × K1) distributed to the first consumer group 31 to the first lower CEMS 71 and distributes the distributed power amount (P × K) distributed to the second consumer group 32. Information representing K2) is transmitted to the second lower CEMS 72. This allocated power amount (P × K1, P × K2) represents a power consumption amount to be reduced by setting a negative value when the total supply and demand predicted power represents a pull-in amount. Represents a surplus amount, a positive value is set to represent the power consumption to be increased.

  The first subordinate CEMS 71 transmits information representing the distributed power amount (P × K1) to each first consumer EMS41. Similarly, the second lower CEMS 72 transmits information indicating the distributed power amount (P × K2) to each second consumer EMS42. The 1st consumer EMS41 and the 2nd consumer EMS42 control the action | operation of the electrical load in the consumer 30 predetermined according to the amount of distribution electric power. The distributed power amount is the power amount distributed to the consumer groups 31 and 32, and does not represent the power consumption amount adjusted by each consumer 30. The amount of power consumption adjusted by each consumer 30 is determined in advance according to the magnitude of the distributed power amount.

  For example, in each customer EMS 40, when a negative distribution power amount is commanded, an electric load whose operation is restricted and a priority order thereof are set and determined according to the distribution power amount. The operation of the electric load is limited according to the priority order so that the amount of power consumption is reduced by the amount of power that is present. As this electrical load, a lighting fixture, an air conditioner or the like may be set.

  Further, in each customer EMS 40, when a positive consumer distributed power amount is instructed, an electric load to be started and a priority order thereof are set, and determined according to the distributed power amount. The operation of the electric load is started in accordance with the priority order so that the amount of power consumption is increased by the amount of power that has been set. For example, the power consumption may be increased by operating the charging device.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although four types, HEMS, BEMS, FEMS, and MEMS, are mentioned as an example of a consumer type, a consumer type is not restricted to this, For example, external charging for vehicles A power supply facility such as a stand may be included.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 ... Consumer, 31 ... 1st consumer group, 32 ... 2nd consumer group, 41 ... 1st consumer power management apparatus (1st consumer EMS), 42 ... 2nd consumer power management apparatus (2nd Consumer EMS), 60 ... Retail electricity supplier, 61 ... First retail electricity operator, 62 ... Second retail electricity operator, 71 ... First sub-regional power management device (first sub-CEMS), 72 ... Second Lower regional power management device (second lower CEMS), 80 ... regional power generation device, 81 ... regional power storage device, 90 ... upper region management device (upper CEMS), C1, C2 ... electric power unit price.

Claims (16)

A consumer power management device that is provided for each consumer and manages the power of the consumer;
A sub-regional power management apparatus that is provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses, and that manages the power of an individual consumer group that is a set of consumers each managed by the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses When,
An upper region that manages the power of the entire consumer group that is a set of the individual consumer groups that are provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of lower region power management devices, and each of which manages power by the plurality of lower region power management devices A power supply and demand adjustment system for adjusting power supply and demand of the entire consumer group, comprising a power management device;
The upper regional power management device is:
Supply and demand adjustment amount calculation means for calculating a supply and demand adjustment amount for adjusting the power supply and demand of the overall consumer group based on the power supply and demand prediction of the overall consumer group,
Number-of-types receiving means for each type that represents the number of cases for each type, which is the number of customers for each type of customer that represents the usage of the building of the customer, from each of the lower-area power management devices,
Based on the number of cases per type for each individual consumer group, distribution means for allocating the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group;
Supply / demand adjustment result transmission means for transmitting information representing a supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result obtained by allocating the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group to each lower-area power management device that manages the power of each individual consumer group. ,
The lower area power management device is:
Number-of-types transmission means for transmitting the number-of-items information for each type of individual consumer group to the number-of-types receiving means for each type of the higher-level regional power management device
The information indicating the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result transmitted from the supply / demand adjustment result transmission means of the higher-level power management apparatus is received, and a supply / demand adjustment signal corresponding to the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result is sent to the consumer power management apparatus An electric power supply and demand adjustment system comprising a supply and demand adjustment signal transmission means for transmitting. The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 1,
The lower area power management device is:
An individual consumer group power supply and demand prediction information transmitting means for transmitting prediction information related to the power supply and demand of the individual consumer group to the higher-level regional power management device;
The upper regional power management device is:
Receiving prediction information about the power supply and demand of each individual consumer group transmitted from the individual consumer group power supply and demand prediction information transmission means of the lower-area power management device, and based on the prediction information, An electric power supply and demand adjustment system provided with an overall consumer group electric power supply and demand prediction means for predicting electric power supply and demand. In the electric power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 1 or 2,
The distribution means is configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply and demand response performance with respect to the adjustment of the power supply and demand for each individual consumer group. Supply and demand adjustment system. In the electric power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 3,
The distribution means allocates the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply / demand response performance to the adjustment of the power supply / demand for each individual consumer group. Power supply and demand adjustment system configured as follows. In the electric power supply and demand adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The distribution means is a power supply and demand adjustment system configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the supply and demand adjustment time zone for each consumer type. In the electric power supply and demand adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The distribution means allocates the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual demand so that the burden on the supply and demand adjustment differs between the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the individual consumer group generating power shortage. A power supply and demand adjustment system configured to distribute to households. The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 6,
The distribution means is a case where a supply and demand adjustment amount for reducing the power demand of the entire consumer group is distributed to each individual consumer group, and the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the power shortage When there is an individual consumer group that is generated at the same time, the burden on the individual consumer group in which surplus power is generated is lighter than the burden on the individual consumer group in which power shortage occurs. Thus, the power supply and demand adjustment system configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group. A consumer power management device that is provided for each consumer and manages the power of the consumer;
A sub-regional power management apparatus that is provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses, and that manages the power of an individual consumer group that is a set of consumers each managed by the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses When,
An upper region that manages the power of the entire consumer group that is a set of the individual consumer groups that are provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of lower region power management devices, and each of which manages power by the plurality of lower region power management devices In a high-order regional power management device provided in a power supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts the power supply and demand of the entire consumer group, comprising a power management device,
Supply and demand adjustment amount calculation means for calculating a supply and demand adjustment amount for adjusting the power supply and demand of the overall consumer group based on the power supply and demand prediction of the overall consumer group,
Number-of-types receiving means for each type that represents the number of cases for each type, which is the number of customers for each type of customer that represents the usage of the building of the customer, from each of the lower-area power management devices,
Based on the number of cases per type for each individual consumer group, distribution means for allocating the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group;
Supply / demand adjustment result transmission means for transmitting information representing a supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result obtained by allocating the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group to each lower-area power management device that manages the power of each individual consumer group. Upper regional power management device. In the high-order area power management device according to claim 8,
Total consumer group power that receives prediction information about the power supply and demand of each individual consumer group transmitted from each of the lower-area power management devices and predicts the power supply and demand of the overall consumer group based on the prediction information A high-order regional power management device equipped with a supply and demand prediction means. In the high-order area power management device according to claim 8 or 9,
The distribution unit is configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply and demand response performance with respect to the adjustment of the power supply and demand for each individual consumer group. Regional power management device. In the high-order area power management device according to claim 10,
The distribution means allocates the supply / demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the past power supply / demand response performance to the adjustment of the power supply / demand for each individual consumer group. A high-order regional power management device configured as described above. In the high-order area power management device according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
The distribution means is a high-order regional power management apparatus configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group in consideration of the supply and demand adjustment time zone for each consumer type. In the high-order area power management device according to any one of claims 8 to 12,
The distribution means allocates the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual demand so that the burden on the supply and demand adjustment differs between the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the individual consumer group generating power shortage. A high-order regional power management device configured to be distributed to households. In the high-order area power management device according to claim 13,
The distribution means is a case where a supply and demand adjustment amount for reducing the power demand of the entire consumer group is allocated to each individual consumer group, and the individual consumer group generating surplus power and the power shortage When there is an individual consumer group that is generated at the same time, the burden on the individual consumer group in which surplus power is generated is lighter than the burden on the individual consumer group in which power shortage occurs. Thus, a higher-order regional power management apparatus configured to distribute the supply and demand adjustment amount to each individual consumer group. A consumer power management device that is provided for each consumer and manages the power of the consumer;
A sub-regional power management apparatus that is provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses, and that manages the power of an individual consumer group that is a set of consumers each managed by the plurality of consumer power management apparatuses When,
An upper region that manages the power of the entire consumer group that is a set of the individual consumer groups that are provided so as to be able to transmit to and receive from the plurality of lower region power management devices, and each of which manages power by the plurality of lower region power management devices In a subregional power management device provided in a power supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts the power supply and demand of the entire consumer group, comprising a power management device,
In the individual consumer group, the number-by-type transmission means for transmitting the number-of-type information indicating the number of cases for each type, which is the number of customers for each type of customer representing the use of the building of the customer, to the upper-level regional power management apparatus When,
Supply / demand adjustment signal transmission means for receiving information indicating the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result transmitted from the higher-level power management apparatus and transmitting a supply / demand adjustment signal corresponding to the supply / demand adjustment amount distribution result to the consumer power management apparatus A sub-regional power management device with and. The lower area power management apparatus according to claim 15,
A lower-regional power management apparatus comprising individual consumer group power supply / demand prediction information transmission means for transmitting prediction information related to the power supply / demand of the individual consumer group to the upper-region power management apparatus.

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