JP7483220B1 - shoes - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a new shoe that can keep the internal space open, while suppressing deterioration of the shoe's aesthetic appearance and reducing manufacturing costs. [Solution] The shoe includes a midsole 1 and an upper (2a, 2b) that forms an internal space between the midsole 1 and the upper (2a, 2b), the upper (2a, 2b) having an upper body 2a fixed to the midsole 1, a movable toe portion 2b that is connected to the end of the upper body 2a on the toe side and that freely rotates around the connected portion so as to approach the upper body 2a, a first connecting portion 2a1 provided on the side of the upper body 2a, and a second connecting portion 2b1 provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b in correspondence with the first connecting portion 2a1, the rotation of the movable toe portion 2b opens the area on the toe side of the internal space, and the rotated movable toe portion 2b is fixed to the side of the upper body 2a by connecting the first connecting portion 2a1 and the second connecting portion 2b1. [Selected figure] Figure 5

Description

The present disclosure relates to shoes.

Conventionally, as shown in Patent Literature 1 , a shoe has been disclosed in which the open state of the internal space can be switched between being maintained and released by connecting a movable toe part and an upper body. Specifically, in Patent Literature 1, the open state of the internal space is maintained by connecting a fixing part (fixing device) provided on the outer surface of the movable toe part and a fixing part provided on the outer surface of the upper body. In addition, the open state is released by separating the fixing parts.

Patent No. 6233764

However, in the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, in the normal state in which the internal space is closed, the fixed portion is exposed to the outer surface of the movable toe portion, which tends to reduce the aesthetic appearance of the movable toe portion.

The present disclosure has been made in light of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a new shoe that can switch between maintaining and releasing the open state of the internal space, while preventing a loss in aesthetic appearance and reducing manufacturing burdens.

In order to solve the above problems, a shoe according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a shoe including a midsole and an upper provided on the midsole and forming an internal space between the midsole and the midsole to accommodate the toes, the upper having an upper body fixed to the midsole, a movable toe portion connected to the end of the upper body on the toe side and freely rotating around the connected part so as to approach the upper body, a first connecting portion provided on the side of the upper body, and a second connecting portion provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion in correspondence with the first connecting portion, the rotation of the movable toe portion opens a region on the toe side of the internal space, and the rotated movable toe portion is fixed to the side of the upper body by connecting the first connecting portion to the second connecting portion, thereby maintaining the open state of the region on the toe side.

According to a shoe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second connecting portion is provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion. In other words, in a normal state in which the internal space is closed, the second connecting portion is not exposed on the outer surface of the movable toe portion. In addition, since it is only necessary to provide the second connecting portion on the inner surface of the movable toe portion, the manufacturing burden can be reduced.

According to one aspect of the shoe disclosed herein, a new shoe can be provided that is capable of switching between maintaining and releasing the open state of the internal space, while preventing a loss in aesthetic appearance and reducing manufacturing burden.

1 is a perspective view illustrating the outline of the configuration of a shoe according to an embodiment of the present invention with the internal space closed. FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the toe of the shoe according to the embodiment with the internal space closed. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the internal space of the toe of the shoe according to this embodiment is open and the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are not connected. FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the internal space of the toe of the shoe according to the embodiment is opened and the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected to each other. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the outline of the configuration of a shoe according to an embodiment of the present invention with the internal space open. 13 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the internal space of the toe of the shoe according to the first modified example is opened and the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected to each other. FIG. 13 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the internal space of the tip of a shoe according to a second modified example is opened and the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected to each other. FIG.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are given the same or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the relationship between thickness and planar dimensions, the thickness ratio of each device and each component, etc., differ from the actual ones. Therefore, the specific thickness and dimensions should be determined with reference to the following description. In addition, the number of each device and each component is not limited to one, and may be multiple, unless otherwise specified.

Of course, the drawings also include parts with different dimensional relationships and ratios. In addition, the directions of "left and right" and "up and down" in the following description are merely defined for the convenience of explanation and do not limit the technical ideas of the present disclosure. Therefore, for example, if the paper is rotated 90 degrees, "left and right" and "up and down" are read interchangeably, and if the paper is rotated 180 degrees, "left" becomes "right" and "right" becomes "left".

<Structure of the shoe according to this embodiment>
First, the shoes according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. Usually, shoes are made up of a pair of shoes, one for the right foot and one for the left foot. Since the right and left shoes have symmetrical structures, in the following description, the shoe on the right foot will be simply referred to as "shoe" and described as an example, and a duplicate description of the left foot will be omitted. In the shoe on the right foot in Figure 1, the big toe of the right foot is located below where the fastener 9 is provided.

The shoe according to this embodiment is, for example, a walking shoe including a midsole 1 and an upper (2a, 2b) that is provided on the midsole 1 and forms an internal space for accommodating the toes between the midsole 1 and the upper (2a, 2b), as shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, the front-rear direction of the shoe (the left-right direction in Fig. 2) is illustrated by a bidirectional arrow extending between a front side FR and a rear side RR.

(upper)
The upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b of the upper (2a, 2b) can be made of a fabric material such as flexible natural leather, such as cowhide or pigskin. The material of the upper may be artificial leather, double russell, or the like, in addition to natural leather. The thickness of the upper (2a, 2b) can be set as appropriate.

The upper (2a, 2b) comprises an upper body 2a fixed to a midsole 1, and a movable toe portion 2b connected at its end to the toe side end of the upper body 2a and freely rotating around the connected portion so as to approach the upper body 2a.

(Upper body)
A plurality of lace holes 12 are formed in the upper body 2a. Fig. 1 illustrates a state in which shoelaces 13 are threaded through the lace holes 12. In this embodiment, the first connecting portion 2a1 is disposed on the rear side RR of the shoelace 13 located on the most front side FR on the surface of the upper body 2a. Therefore, the first connecting portion 2a1 is less noticeable from an external perspective, and as a result, deterioration in the aesthetic appearance of the entire shoe can be suppressed. The first connecting portion 2a1 will be described in detail later.

(Movable toe part)
The movable toe portion 2b integrally encloses and covers the inner side of the big toe side, the tips of the five toes, the outer side of the little toe side, and the upper parts of the five toes. The appearance of the movable toe portion 2b is almost the same as the toe portion of the upper of a general shoe. The movable toe portion 2b is connected to the upper body 2a at the bending position V shown by the dashed imaginary line in Figure 1, but is attached detachably to the lower midsole 1 side.

As shown in Fig. 2, an insole 11 that cushions impacts on the sole of the foot is disposed on the upper surface of the midsole 1 in the internal space of the shoe. The insole 11 may be provided detachably on the midsole 1. An outsole 6 having a tread pattern is provided below the midsole 1. A detailed illustration of the tread pattern is omitted. The midsole 1 can be made of, for example, a rubber material including natural rubber and plastic, and forms the sole body of the shoe.

(Opening and closing mechanism)
Since the movable toe portion 2b is detachable from the midsole 1, an opening/closing mechanism that partially opens and closes the internal space surrounding the toes is provided between the movable toe portion 2b and the midsole 1. The opening/closing mechanism switches the internal space between a closed state and an open state. As shown in Figure 2, the internal space is closed when the position of the movable toe portion 2b is fixed at the tip of the midsole 1 with the outer surfaces aligned with those of the upper body 2a.

The internal space is opened by rotating the movable toe portion 2b toward the outer surface side of the upper body 2a so as to separate from the midsole 1. In this embodiment, a slide fastener is used for the opening and closing mechanism, and the slide fastener is attached so as to be exposed at the tip of the upper (2a, 2b).

2, the slide fastener comprises a band-shaped lower tape 7a, a lower element group 8a consisting of a plurality of elements (teeth) arranged in parallel on the upper end of the lower tape 7a along the direction in which the band extends, a band-shaped upper tape 7b arranged on the lower tape 7a, and an upper element group 8b consisting of a plurality of elements arranged in parallel on the lower end of the upper tape 7b so as to mesh with the lower element group 8a.

1, the slide fastener is provided with a slider 9 for freely connecting and disconnecting the heads of the upper element group 8b and the lower element group 8a, and a pull tab 10 provided on the slider 9. The slide fastener is provided over an area extending from the base of the big toe, passing through the tips of the five toes, to the base of the little toe, forming an opening and closing area. The opening of the slide fastener extends almost horizontally.

Next, the first connecting portion 2a1, the second connecting portion 2b1, and the connecting member 5 which configure the connecting structure of this embodiment will be described in detail.

(First connecting portion)
As shown in Fig. 2, in this embodiment, the first connecting portion 2a1 is a first fastener 3a provided on the surface of the upper body 2a. The hook of the first fastener 3a is attached to the surface of the upper body 2a by sewing, gluing, etc. In this embodiment, the first fastener 3a is a hook, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and for example, the first fastener 3a may be another fixing member such as a Velcro tape or a magnet.

(Second connecting portion)
2, the second connecting portion 2b1 is provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b in correspondence with the first connecting portion 2a1. In this embodiment, the second connecting portion 2b1 is formed by a part of the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b. Note that in the present disclosure, the second connecting portion 2b1 may be formed by a different member from the movable toe portion 2b.

(Connecting member)
The connecting member 5 extends between the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 2). In this embodiment, a belt-shaped connecting member 5 (see FIG. 5) made of leather is exemplified, but in this disclosure, the shape and material of the connecting member may be any member that extends between the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b, such as a string-like, plate-like, rod-like, etc. However, the belt-shaped connecting member 5 is preferable in terms of ensuring tensile strength and being easy to handle.

The connecting member 5 has a central portion 5a, a front end portion 5b, and a rear end portion 5c. The front end portion 5b on the left side of the connecting member 5 in FIG. 2 is connected to the second connecting portion 2b1 by sewing, gluing, or the like. The rear end portion 5c on the right side of the connecting member 5 in FIG. 2 is provided with a second fixing device 3b. In this embodiment, the second fixing device 3b is a hook corresponding to the hook of the first fixing device 3a. Note that the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second fixing device 3b may be, for example, another fixing member such as a Velcro tape or a magnet corresponding to the first fixing device 3a.

In this embodiment, the front end 5b is fixed to the second connecting part 2b1 so that the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 can rotate around the front end 5b. The second fastener 3b of the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 connects to the first connecting part 2a1 with the toe side area of the internal space open. The connection keeps the toe side area open.

In the present embodiment, the case where the connecting member 5 extending between the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b is provided is illustrated, but in the present disclosure, the connecting member is not essential. For example, the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b may be directly connected to each other by folding the movable toe portion 2b twice to face each other, without using the connecting member 5. However, since the connecting member 5 is provided, it is sufficient to fold the upper 2 once, and since there is no need to fold the upper 2 twice, the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b can be easily connected to each other.

(Holding part)
In this embodiment, a pressing portion 4 is provided on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b. The pressing portion 4 can be made of, for example, a strip-shaped leather member. As shown in Fig. 5, both left and right ends of the pressing portion 4 are fixed to the inner surface, and the center portion is not fixed to the inner surface, so that a gap 4a is formed in the center portion between the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b and the pressing portion 4. The left and right direction is perpendicular to the front and rear direction in the horizontal plane.

2, the portion of the connecting member 5 on the side of the rear end 5c can be housed together with the second fastener 3b in the formed gap 4a. The retaining portion 4 can normally prevent the portion of the connecting member 5 on the side of the rear end 5c from contacting the toes in the internal space. Note that the retaining portion is not essential in the present disclosure.

(Other forms of connection structure)
In the present embodiment, the position where the first connecting portion 2a1 is provided is on the surface of the upper body 2a. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and for example, the position where the first connecting portion 2a1 is provided is not limited to on the surface of the upper body 2a, and can be appropriately set on the side of the upper body 2a.

Specifically, for example, in the upper body 2a, the shoelace 13 may be used as the first connecting part. One end of the connecting member 5 is hooked onto the shoelace 13 serving as the first connecting part, thereby connecting the connecting member 5 and the first connecting part.

Also, an edge 2c (see FIG. 1 ) on the ankle side of the opening in the upper body 2a into which the toes are inserted may be used as the first connecting part. For example, one end of the connecting member 5 can be hooked onto the edge 2c on the ankle side of the opening as the first connecting part, thereby connecting the connecting member 5 and the first connecting part.

<How to use the shoes>
When opening the tip of the upper (2a, 2b) shown in Figures 1 and 2, the user first moves the slider 9 from the thumb side to the little finger side via the pull tab 10 of the slide fastener, thereby separating the upper element group 8b and the lower element group 8a.

Then, as shown in Figure 3, the user opens the internal space by rotating the movable toe portion 2b of the upper (2a, 2b) toward the upper body 2a and folding it at the folding position V. Figure 3 illustrates a state in which the movable toe portion 2b is turned up, exposing the connecting member 5 of the second connecting portion 2b1 on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b to the outside.

By bending the connecting member 5, the outer surface of the movable toe portion 2b and the outer surface of the upper body 2a are closely opposed to each other. Then, as shown in Fig. 4, the user removes the rear end portion 5c of the connecting member 5 from the gap 4a of the pressing portion 4. The user then pinches the removed rear end portion 5c of the connecting member 5 with, for example, the fingers and removes it.

Then, the user rotates the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 around the front end 5a toward the first connecting part 2a1 on the upper body 2a side, while lifting the movable toe 2b toward the first connecting part 2a1 side. As a result, the second fastener 3b of the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 of the second connecting part 2b1 of the movable toe 2b and the first fastener 3a of the first connecting part 2a1 on the upper body 2a side approach each other.

Next, as shown in Fig. 4, the user connects the second fixing portion 3b of the connecting member 5 of the movable toe portion 2b to the first fixing portion 3a on the upper body 2a side. By connecting the first fixing portion 3a and the second fixing portion 3b, the outer surfaces of the bent movable toe portion 2b and the upper body 2a face each other in close proximity to each other, and the movable toe portion 2b is fixed to the upper body 2a side. This keeps the internal space open.

5 shows an example in which the upper body 2a and the movable toe portion 2b are connected by the connecting member 5. When the internal space of the shoe is opened, the top surfaces of the five toes are exposed to the opening.

On the other hand, when closing the area on the toe side of the internal space, the user separates the second fixing portion 3b of the connecting member 5 of the movable toe portion 2b from the first fixing portion 3a. Then, the user uses the connecting member 5 to rotate the movable toe portion 2b toward the tip side of the shoe.

The user then releases the movable toe portion 2b from the upper body 2a, returns the movable toe portion 2b to its original position, and overlaps the upper element group 8a and the lower element group 8b.Then, by moving the slider 9 via the pull tab 10 of the slide fastener, the upper element group 8a and the lower element group 8b are engaged and joined together, thereby closing the internal space.

(Action and Effect)
In the shoe according to this embodiment, the second connecting portion 2b1 is provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b. In other words, in a normal state in which the internal space is closed, the second connecting portion 2b1 is not exposed on the outer surface of the movable toe portion 2b.

In addition, since it is sufficient to provide the second connecting portion 2b1 only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b, there is no need to bond the outer surface and the inner surface of the upper 2 together with a member such as a magnet that functions as a connecting portion fixed in a preset position. This reduces the manufacturing burden compared to bonding the outer surface and the inner surface of the upper 2 together. This makes it possible to provide a novel shoe that can reduce the manufacturing burden while preventing deterioration in the aesthetic appearance of the movable toe portion 2b.

In this embodiment, the first connecting portion 2a1 and the second connecting portion 2b1 are connected via the connecting member 5. Therefore, when connecting the first connecting portion 2a1 and the second connecting portion 2b1, the distance by which the first connecting portion 2a1 or the second connecting portion 2b1 is pulled to move closer to each other can be made shorter than when the connecting member 5 is not used. As a result, the burden of the connecting operation between the first connecting portion 2a1 and the second connecting portion 2b1 can be reduced.

(First Modification)
In the present embodiment, the case where the front end 5b of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the second connecting portion 2b1 so that the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 is rotatable around the front end 5b is illustrated, but the connecting structure is not limited to this in the present disclosure. In the first modified example illustrated in Fig. 6, the case where the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the first connecting portion 2a1 so that the front end 5b of the connecting member 5 is rotatable around the rear end 5c is illustrated.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the first connecting portion 2a1 is the first fixing device 3a, that is, the first connecting portion 2a1 is a fixing device that is a separate member from the upper body 2a. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the first connecting portion may be the member that constitutes the upper body 2a. In the first modified example, a portion of the upper body 2a to which the rear end portion 5c of the connecting member 5 is fixed constitutes the first connecting portion 2a1.

The rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the upper body 2a by sewing, adhesive, or the like. Fig. 6 illustrates an example in which the rear end 5c is sewn to the upper body 2a by a thread 14 drawn in a dashed line on the inside between the rear end 5c and the upper body 2a. A front hook portion 5d is provided on the front end 5b of the connecting member 5. The front hook portion 5d can be made of, for example, resin, metal, or the like.

In the first modification, a fastening portion 16 is provided on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b. The fastening portion 16 is a member by which the front hook portion 5d is detachably attached to the movable toe portion 2b. The fastening portion 16 can be configured in the same manner as the storage portion 4 in FIG. 5, for example.

In the first modified example, a gap 16a formed in the left-right center of the fastening portion 16 can be used to attach a recess on the inside of the front hook portion 5d to the front side FR of the fastening portion 16. In the present disclosure, any material or shape can be used for the front hook portion and the fastening portion 16 as long as the front hook portion 5d can be detachably attached to the movable toe portion 2b. The other members in the first modified example are the same as the members with the same names in this embodiment, and therefore a duplicated description will be omitted.

(Action and Effect)
In the first modified example, as in the present embodiment, deterioration of the aesthetic appearance of the movable toe portion 2b can be suppressed and the manufacturing burden can be suppressed. In addition, in the first modified example, the connecting member 5 is not disposed on the inner surface of the movable toe portion 2b, and therefore the connecting member 5 is prevented from contacting the toes in the normal state in which the internal space is closed. This reduces the burden during use. Other effects of the first modified example are the same as those of the present embodiment.

(Second Modification)
In this embodiment, the case where the front end 5b of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the second connecting portion 2b1 so that the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 can rotate around the front end 5b is illustrated. Also, in the first modified example, the case where the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the first connecting portion 2a1 so that the front end 5b of the connecting member 5 can rotate around the rear end 5c is illustrated. However, in the present disclosure, it is not essential that one of the front end 5b and the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 is fixed to the upper 2. In the second modified example illustrated in FIG. 7, both the front end 5b and the rear end 5c of the connecting member 5 are detachable from the upper 2.

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 7, in the second modified example, a notch 17 formed in the upper body 2a constitutes the first connecting portion 2a1. A rear hook portion 5e provided at the rear end portion 5c of the connecting member 5 is detachably attached to the upper body 2a in the notch 17. In the present disclosure, the first connecting portion is not limited to a notch, and may be, for example, an opening or a recess. In addition, the rear hook portion 5e can be configured in the same manner as the front hook portion 5d in Fig. 6. The other members in the second modified example are the same as the members with the same names in the present embodiment or the first modified example, and therefore will not be described again.

(Action and Effect)
In the second modified example, similar to the present embodiment, deterioration in the aesthetic appearance of the movable toe portion 2b can be suppressed and the manufacturing burden can be suppressed. Also, in the second modified example, both the front end portion 5b and the rear end portion 5c of the connecting member 5 are detachable from the upper 2, so that in the normal state in which the internal space is closed, the connecting member 5 is not disposed on the outer surface of the upper 2. In other words, in the normal state, the connecting member 5 is not visible. Therefore, deterioration in the aesthetic appearance of the upper 2 in the normal state can be further suppressed. Other effects of the second modified example are the same as those of the present embodiment or the first modified example.

<Other embodiments>
Although the present disclosure has been described by the above disclosed embodiments, the descriptions and drawings forming a part of this disclosure should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure. It should be considered that various alternative embodiments, examples and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

For example, in this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism of the slide fastener switches between a state in which the movable toe portion 2b is fixed to the midsole 1 and the internal space is closed, and a state in which the movable toe portion 2b is separated from the midsole 1 and the internal space is opened. However, as long as the movable toe portion 2b is rotatably connected to the upper body 2a, the opening and closing mechanism is not essential. In other words, the present disclosure can be implemented even if there is no structure for closing the opening, for example, even if there is only a notch or the like as the opening.

In addition, the movable toe portion 2b covers not only the left and right sides of the five toes, but also the tips and upper areas, but it is not essential that the tips and upper areas are covered. It is sufficient that at least one of the left and right sides is covered so as to be able to be opened and closed.

In addition, in this embodiment, the rotation of the movable toe portion 2b is realized by bending one upper (2a, 2b), but this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, a metal member such as a hinge or another flexible leather member can be prepared as a connector, and the connector can be interposed between the upper body and the movable toe portion, which are each made of separate members, to connect them so that they can be opened and closed.

Furthermore, the shoes according to the present disclosure are not limited to walking shoes, but can also be applied to shoes used for various other purposes, such as running shoes, mountain climbing shoes, etc. Furthermore, the shoes according to the present disclosure are not limited to the gender of the user, but can be applied to both men and women.

The present disclosure may also be configured by partially combining the components included in each shoe shown in Figures 1 to 7. The present disclosure includes various embodiments not described above, and the technical scope of the present disclosure is defined only by the invention-specifying matters related to the scope of the claims that are appropriate from the above description.

1 Midsole 2a Upper body 2a1 First connecting portion 2b Movable toe portion 2b1 Second connecting portion 2c Edge 3a First fixing device 3b Second fixing device 4 Pressing portion 4a Gap 5 Connecting member 5a Center portion 5b Front end portion 5c Rear end portion 5d Front hook portion 5e Rear hook portion 6 Outsole 7a Lower tape 7b Upper tape 8a Lower element group 8b Upper element group 9 Slider 10 Pull tab 11 Insole 12 Lace hole 13 Shoelace 14 Thread 16 Fastening portion 16a Gap 17 Notch FR Front side RR Rear side V Folding position

Claims (1)

A shoe comprising a midsole and an upper provided on the midsole and forming an internal space between the midsole and the upper for accommodating toes,
The upper includes:
An upper body fixed to the midsole;
a movable toe portion that is connected to the end portion of the upper body on the toe side and that freely rotates around the connected portion so as to approach the upper body;
A first connecting portion provided on the upper body side;
a second connecting portion provided only on the inner surface of the movable toe portion in correspondence with the first connecting portion;
The toe side area of the internal space is opened by the rotation of the movable toe part , and the first connecting part and the second connecting part are connected via a connecting member , or the first connecting part and the second connecting part, which are corresponding fasteners, are directly connected to each other , thereby fixing the rotated movable toe part to the upper body side and maintaining the open state of the toe side area.
shoes.

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