JP7475260B2

JP7475260B2 - Reflective Encoders

Info

Publication number: JP7475260B2
Application number: JP2020183210A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 慎之輔工藤; 誠二井上; 明史小杉
Original assignee: Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd
Current assignee: Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-30
Publication date: 2024-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-30
Also published as: JP2022073305A

Description

本発明は、反射型エンコーダに関する。 The present invention relates to a reflective encoder.

反射式の光リニアエンコーダは、光を出射および検出する光学ヘッドを備える基板と、光学ヘッドから出射された光を反射および回折させるスケールとを備える。光学ヘッドは、スケールにより反射された光を受光して電気信号に変換する。そして、光リニアエンコーダは、電気信号に対して所定の処理をすることにより、光学ヘッドとスケールとの相対位置を表す信号を出力する。 A reflective optical linear encoder comprises a substrate equipped with an optical head that emits and detects light, and a scale that reflects and diffracts the light emitted from the optical head. The optical head receives the light reflected by the scale and converts it into an electrical signal. The optical linear encoder then performs a specified process on the electrical signal to output a signal that represents the relative position between the optical head and the scale.

特開２０１４－１８２０５４号公報JP 2014-182054 A

ところで、このような光リニアエンコーダは、例えば出荷時または校正時に、作業者により光学ヘッドとスケールとの間の距離が調整される。例えば、作業者は、光学ヘッドから最大の検出信号が出力されるように、検出信号を観測しながら基板の４角に取り付けられたネジの締め具合を調節していた。しかしながら、検出信号を観測しながら、多数のネジを調整する作業は、非常に手間がかかり、精度が悪くなる可能性もあった。 In this type of optical linear encoder, the distance between the optical head and the scale is adjusted by an operator, for example, at the time of shipment or calibration. For example, the operator adjusts the tightness of the screws attached to the four corners of the board while observing the detection signal so that the maximum detection signal is output from the optical head. However, adjusting a large number of screws while observing the detection signal is very time-consuming and can result in poor accuracy.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、ヘッドとスケールとの間の距離を簡易に精度良く調整可能な反射型エンコーダを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in consideration of the above, and aims to provide a reflective encoder that allows the distance between the head and the scale to be easily and precisely adjusted.

上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明に係る反射型エンコーダは、ベース部材と、前記ベース部材の垂直方向の上側に設けられ、前記ベース部材に対して前記垂直方向に直交する第１方向および前記垂直方向に移動可能に設けられる調整部材と、前記調整部材の前記垂直方向の上側に設けられ、前記垂直方向に移動可能に設けられ、前記ベース部材に対して前記第１方向の位置が固定されるホルダ支持部材と、前記ホルダ支持部材により前記第１方向に移動可能に保持され、前記第１方向の相対位置を検出させるためのスケールを有するスケールホルダと、前記スケールホルダの前記垂直方向の上側に設けられ、前記ベース部材に対して前記垂直方向および前記第１方向の位置が固定され、前記スケールとの前記第１方向の相対位置を表す信号を出力するヘッドを有するヘッド基板と、前記調整部材の前記第１方向の位置を移動させる操作部材と、を備え、前記ベース部材は、前記調整部材に対向した面に、前記垂直方向の上側に突出し、前記第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む第１ベース傾斜部を有し、前記調整部材は、前記ベース部材に対向した面に、前記垂直方向の下側に突出し、前記第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む第１下傾斜部を有し、前記第１下傾斜部は、傾斜角が前記第１ベース傾斜部と同一であり、傾斜方向が前記第１ベース傾斜部と逆向きであり、且つ、傾斜面が前記第１ベース傾斜部の傾斜面と突き当たって接触する位置に設けられる。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the reflective encoder of the present invention comprises a base member, an adjustment member provided vertically above the base member and movable relative to the base member in a first direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and in the vertical direction, a holder support member provided vertically above the adjustment member and movable in the vertical direction, the position of which in the first direction is fixed relative to the base member, a scale holder held movably in the first direction by the holder support member and having a scale for detecting a relative position in the first direction, and a scale holder provided vertically above the scale holder and fixed in position relative to the base member in the vertical direction and in the first direction, The head substrate has a head that outputs a signal indicating the relative position with respect to the scale in the first direction, and an operating member that moves the position of the adjustment member in the first direction. The base member has a first base inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and includes an inclined surface inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction, and the adjustment member has a first lower inclined portion on a surface facing the base member that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and includes an inclined surface inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction, and the first lower inclined portion has the same inclination angle as the first base inclined portion, a direction of inclination opposite to that of the first base inclined portion, and is provided at a position where the inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first base inclined portion.

本発明によれば、ヘッドとスケールとの間の距離を簡易に精度良く調整することができる。 The present invention allows the distance between the head and the scale to be adjusted easily and precisely.

図１は、第１実施形態に係る、第１状態の反射型エンコーダを側面側から見た図である。FIG. 1 is a side view of a reflective encoder in a first state according to a first embodiment. 図２は、第１実施形態に係る、第２状態の反射型エンコーダを側面側から見た図である。FIG. 2 is a side view of the reflective encoder in the second state according to the first embodiment. 図３は、第１実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダを分解して示した図である。FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the reflective encoder according to the first embodiment. 図４は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダの斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a reflective encoder according to the second embodiment. 図５は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダの分解斜視図である。FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a reflective encoder according to the second embodiment. 図６は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダの部分断面図である。FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a reflective encoder according to the second embodiment. 図７は、第２実施形態に係る、第１状態の反射型エンコーダの断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reflective encoder according to the second embodiment in a first state. 図８は、第２実施形態に係る、第２状態の反射型エンコーダの断面図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the reflective encoder according to the second embodiment in a second state.

（第１実施形態）
図１は、第１実施形態に係る、第１状態の反射型エンコーダ１０を側面側から見た図である。図２は、第１実施形態に係る、第２状態の反射型エンコーダ１０を側面側から見た図である。図３は、第１実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０を分解して示した図である。 First Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a side view of the reflective encoder 10 in a first state according to the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a side view of the reflective encoder 10 in a second state according to the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the reflective encoder 10 according to the first embodiment.

反射型エンコーダ１０は、２つの物体の間の距離の変化量または同一物体の２点間の距離の変化量を検出する。反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２と、スケール１４とを備える。ヘッド１２は、距離の変化量の検出対象である２つの物体または同一物体の異なる２点のうち一方とともに移動する。スケール１４は、２つの物体または同一物体の異なる２点のうちの、ヘッド１２とともに移動しない他方とともに移動する。 The reflective encoder 10 detects the amount of change in distance between two objects or between two points on the same object. The reflective encoder 10 includes a head 12 and a scale 14. The head 12 moves with one of the two objects or two different points on the same object for which the amount of change in distance is to be detected. The scale 14 moves with the other of the two objects or two different points on the same object that does not move with the head 12.

本実施形態において、ヘッド１２は、光学ヘッドであり、スケール１４は、光学スケールである。ヘッド１２は、スケール１４に向けて光を出射する。スケール１４は、ヘッド１２から出射された光を反射および回折させる。ヘッド１２は、スケール１４により反射された光を受光して電気信号に変換する。そして、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２により出力された電気信号に対して所定の処理をすることにより、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の第１方向における相対位置の変化量を表す信号を出力する。これにより、反射型エンコーダ１０は、２つの物体の間の距離の変化量または同一物体の２点間の距離の変化量を検出することができる。 In this embodiment, the head 12 is an optical head, and the scale 14 is an optical scale. The head 12 emits light toward the scale 14. The scale 14 reflects and diffracts the light emitted from the head 12. The head 12 receives the light reflected by the scale 14 and converts it into an electrical signal. The reflective encoder 10 then performs a predetermined process on the electrical signal output by the head 12, thereby outputting a signal that represents the amount of change in the relative position between the head 12 and the scale 14 in the first direction. This allows the reflective encoder 10 to detect the amount of change in the distance between two objects or the amount of change in the distance between two points on the same object.

なお、ヘッド１２は、光学ヘッドに代えて磁気ヘッドであってもよい。また、この場合、スケール１４は、光学スケールに代えて磁気スケールである。 The head 12 may be a magnetic head instead of an optical head. In this case, the scale 14 is a magnetic scale instead of an optical scale.

ここで、反射型エンコーダ１０により検出する距離の変化の方向を、第１方向とする。スケール１４は、ヘッド１２に対して第１方向に相対的に移動可能に設けられる。図中において、第１方向は、Ｙ方向である。 Here, the direction of change in distance detected by the reflective encoder 10 is defined as the first direction. The scale 14 is provided so as to be movable relative to the head 12 in the first direction. In the figure, the first direction is the Y direction.

さらに、ヘッド１２は、スケール１４と機械的な干渉が生じないように、ヘッド１２に対して第１方向に対して垂直な方向にずれた位置に配置される。第１方向に対して垂直な、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との位置ずれの方向を、垂直方向とする。図中において、垂直方向は、Ｚ方向である。また、図中において、Ｘ方向は、Ｙ方向およびＺ方向の両方に垂直な方向である。 Furthermore, the head 12 is positioned at a position offset in a direction perpendicular to the first direction relative to the head 12 so that there is no mechanical interference with the scale 14. The direction of offset between the head 12 and the scale 14 perpendicular to the first direction is defined as the vertical direction. In the figure, the vertical direction is the Z direction. Also, in the figure, the X direction is the direction perpendicular to both the Y direction and the Z direction.

反射型エンコーダ１０は、図１、図２および図３に示すように、ベース部材２１と、調整部材２２と、ホルダ支持部材２３と、スケールホルダ２４と、ヘッド基板２５と、操作部材２６を備える。 As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the reflective encoder 10 includes a base member 21, an adjustment member 22, a holder support member 23, a scale holder 24, a head substrate 25 and an operating member 26.

ベース部材２１は、例えばほぼ平板状であり、平面が第１方向およびＸ方向に平行に設けられる。 The base member 21 is, for example, substantially flat, with a plane parallel to the first direction and the X direction.

調整部材２２は、ベース部材２１の垂直方向の上側に設けられる。調整部材２２は、例えば、ほぼ平板状であり、平面が第１方向およびＸ方向に平行に設けられる。調整部材２２は、ベース部材２１に対して、第１方向および垂直方向に移動可能に設けられる。 The adjustment member 22 is provided vertically above the base member 21. The adjustment member 22 is, for example, substantially flat, with its plane parallel to the first direction and the X direction. The adjustment member 22 is provided so as to be movable in the first direction and the vertical direction relative to the base member 21.

ホルダ支持部材２３は、調整部材２２の垂直方向の上側に設けられる。ホルダ支持部材２３は、例えばほぼ平板状であり、平面が第１方向およびＸ方向に平行に設けられる。ホルダ支持部材２３は、ベース部材２１に対して垂直方向に移動可能に設けられ、且つ、ベース部材２１に対して第１方向の位置が固定される。 The holder support member 23 is provided vertically above the adjustment member 22. The holder support member 23 is, for example, substantially flat, with its plane parallel to the first direction and the X direction. The holder support member 23 is provided so as to be movable vertically relative to the base member 21, and its position in the first direction is fixed relative to the base member 21.

スケールホルダ２４は、ホルダ支持部材２３により第１方向に移動可能に保持される。例えば、スケールホルダ２４は、第１方向に延伸する長尺状である。スケールホルダ２４は、例えば、直線運動用のベアリングを介してホルダ支持部材２３に取り付けられることにより、ホルダ支持部材２３により第１方向に移動可能に保持される。 The scale holder 24 is held by the holder support member 23 so as to be movable in the first direction. For example, the scale holder 24 is elongated and extends in the first direction. The scale holder 24 is attached to the holder support member 23 via a bearing for linear motion, for example, so as to be held by the holder support member 23 so as to be movable in the first direction.

また、スケールホルダ２４は、垂直方向の上側の面に、第１方向の位置を検出させるためのスケール１４を有する。例えば、スケール１４は、光学スケールである場合、第１方向の相対位置を検出可能となる方向に回折格子が向くように、スケールホルダ２４に取り付けられる。 The scale holder 24 also has a scale 14 on its upper vertical surface for detecting the position in the first direction. For example, if the scale 14 is an optical scale, it is attached to the scale holder 24 so that the diffraction grating faces in a direction that allows the relative position in the first direction to be detected.

ヘッド基板２５は、スケールホルダ２４の垂直方向の上側に設けられる。ヘッド基板２５は、ベース部材２１に対して垂直方向および第１方向の位置が固定される。例えば、ヘッド基板２５は、ベース部材２１に設けられた複数の接続部材３１に対して固定される。 The head substrate 25 is provided vertically above the scale holder 24. The position of the head substrate 25 in the vertical direction and the first direction is fixed relative to the base member 21. For example, the head substrate 25 is fixed to a plurality of connection members 31 provided on the base member 21.

また、ヘッド基板２５は、スケール１４との第１方向の相対位置を表す信号を出力するヘッド１２を有する。例えば、ヘッド１２は、光学ヘッドである場合、スケール１４に対して光を照射可能であり、且つ、スケール１４からの反射光を受光可能な位置に設けられる。すなわち、ヘッド１２は、スケール１４に対して第１方向の位置が重複し、且つ、スケール１４に対して垂直方向の位置が異なる。 The head substrate 25 also has a head 12 that outputs a signal that indicates the relative position in the first direction with respect to the scale 14. For example, if the head 12 is an optical head, it is provided at a position where it can irradiate light onto the scale 14 and receive reflected light from the scale 14. That is, the head 12 overlaps with the scale 14 in the first direction and has a different position in the vertical direction with respect to the scale 14.

操作部材２６は、作業者またはロボット等による操作に応じて、調整部材２２の第１方向の位置を移動させる。例えば、操作部材２６は、ボルトである。操作部材２６は、中心軸が第１方向に平行に配置される。 The operating member 26 moves the position of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction in response to operation by a worker, a robot, or the like. For example, the operating member 26 is a bolt. The operating member 26 is disposed with its central axis parallel to the first direction.

調整部材２２は、第１方向の端部にボルト穴３２が形成される。ボルト穴３２は、中心軸が第１方向に形成される。ボルト穴３２は、操作部材２６におけるボルト軸の先端部が挿入される。そして、ボルト穴３２の内周面には、操作部材２６におけるボルト軸の先端部のネジ山にかみ合うようなネジ山が形成される。 A bolt hole 32 is formed at the end of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction. The bolt hole 32 has a central axis formed in the first direction. The tip of the bolt shaft of the operating member 26 is inserted into the bolt hole 32. The inner surface of the bolt hole 32 is formed with a thread that engages with the thread of the tip of the bolt shaft of the operating member 26.

さらに、ベース部材２１は、ボルト保持部３３を有する。ボルト保持部３３は、ベース部材２１の、調整部材２２に対向したベース上面２１Ｔの上における、ボルト穴３２よりも第１方向の外側であって、調整部材２２の第１方向の移動によって機械的に干渉しない位置に設けられる。ボルト保持部３３は、ボルト軸の先端部がボルト穴３２に挿入された状態において、操作部材２６を、中心軸を中心に回転可能、且つ、垂直方向に移動可能に保持する。さらに、ボルト保持部３３は、操作部材２６を、第１方向に移動させないように、第１方向に固定した位置に保持する。 Furthermore, the base member 21 has a bolt holding portion 33. The bolt holding portion 33 is provided on the base upper surface 21T of the base member 21 facing the adjustment member 22, outside the bolt hole 32 in the first direction, at a position where it does not mechanically interfere with the movement of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction. When the tip of the bolt shaft is inserted into the bolt hole 32, the bolt holding portion 33 holds the operating member 26 rotatable about the central axis and movable in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the bolt holding portion 33 holds the operating member 26 at a fixed position in the first direction so as not to move in the first direction.

このような構成の反射型エンコーダ１０は、ベース部材２１が、距離の変化量の検出対象である２つの物体または同一物体の異なる２点のうち一方に取り付けられる。また、反射型エンコーダ１０は、スケールホルダ２４が、２つの物体または同一物体の異なる２点のうちのベース部材２１が取り付けられていない他方に取り付けられる。これにより、反射型エンコーダ１０は、２つの物体または同一物体の異なる２点における第１方向の距離の変動に従って、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との第１方向の相対位置を変化させることができる。 In the reflective encoder 10 configured in this way, the base member 21 is attached to one of two objects or two different points on the same object that are the subject of distance change detection. In addition, the reflective encoder 10 has the scale holder 24 attached to the other of the two objects or two different points on the same object to which the base member 21 is not attached. This allows the reflective encoder 10 to change the relative position in the first direction between the head 12 and the scale 14 in accordance with the variation in distance in the first direction between the two objects or the two different points on the same object.

ここで、ベース部材２１は、第１ベース傾斜部４１と、第２ベース傾斜部４２とを有する。また、調整部材２２は、第１下傾斜部４３と、第２下傾斜部４４と、第１上傾斜部４５と、第２上傾斜部４６とを有する。また、ホルダ支持部材２３は、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７と、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８とを有する。 The base member 21 has a first base inclined portion 41 and a second base inclined portion 42. The adjustment member 22 has a first lower inclined portion 43, a second lower inclined portion 44, a first upper inclined portion 45, and a second upper inclined portion 46. The holder support member 23 has a first holder inclined portion 47 and a second holder inclined portion 48.

第１ベース傾斜部４１は、ベース部材２１における、調整部材２２に対向した面であるベース上面２１Ｔに設けられる。第１ベース傾斜部４１は、ベース上面２１Ｔから垂直方向の上側に突出する。第１ベース傾斜部４１は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The first base inclined portion 41 is provided on the base top surface 21T, which is the surface of the base member 21 facing the adjustment member 22. The first base inclined portion 41 protrudes vertically upward from the base top surface 21T. The first base inclined portion 41 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction.

第２ベース傾斜部４２は、ベース上面２１Ｔに設けられる。第２ベース傾斜部４２は、ベース上面２１Ｔから垂直方向の上側に突出する。第２ベース傾斜部４２は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。第２ベース傾斜部４２は、第１方向における位置が、第１ベース傾斜部４１と異なる。また、第２ベース傾斜部４２は、傾斜角および傾斜方向が第１ベース傾斜部４１と同一である。 The second base inclined portion 42 is provided on the base top surface 21T. The second base inclined portion 42 protrudes vertically upward from the base top surface 21T. The second base inclined portion 42 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction. The second base inclined portion 42 has a different position in the first direction from the first base inclined portion 41. In addition, the second base inclined portion 42 has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first base inclined portion 41.

なお、第１ベース傾斜部４１および第２ベース傾斜部４２の傾斜角は、ベース上面２１Ｔに対する角度である。傾斜方向は、下りの傾斜角が最大となる方向である。例えば、図の例において、第１ベース傾斜部４１および第２ベース傾斜部４２の傾斜方向は、右から左に向かう方向である。 The inclination angle of the first base inclined portion 41 and the second base inclined portion 42 is an angle with respect to the base top surface 21T. The inclination direction is the direction in which the downward inclination angle is maximum. For example, in the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the first base inclined portion 41 and the second base inclined portion 42 is from right to left.

第１下傾斜部４３は、調整部材２２における、ベース部材２１に対向した面である調整部材下面２２Ｂに設けられる。第１下傾斜部４３は、調整部材下面２２Ｂから垂直方向の下側に突出する。第１下傾斜部４３は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The first lower inclined portion 43 is provided on the adjustment member lower surface 22B, which is the surface of the adjustment member 22 facing the base member 21. The first lower inclined portion 43 protrudes vertically downward from the adjustment member lower surface 22B. The first lower inclined portion 43 includes an inclined surface that is inclined in a direction parallel to the first direction.

第１下傾斜部４３は、傾斜角が第１ベース傾斜部４１と同一であり、傾斜方向が第１ベース傾斜部４１と逆向きである。なお、第１下傾斜部４３の傾斜角は、調整部材下面２２Ｂに対する角度である。また、例えば、図の例において、第１下傾斜部４３の傾斜方向は、左から右に向かう方向である。 The first lower inclined portion 43 has the same inclination angle as the first base inclined portion 41, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the first base inclined portion 41. The inclination angle of the first lower inclined portion 43 is the angle with respect to the lower surface 22B of the adjustment member. Also, for example, in the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the first lower inclined portion 43 is from left to right.

そして、第１下傾斜部４３は、傾斜面が第１ベース傾斜部４１の傾斜面と突き当たって接触する位置に設けられる。より詳しくは、第１下傾斜部４３は、調整部材２２が第１方向に移動した場合においても、少なくとも傾斜面の一部分が、第１ベース傾斜部４１の傾斜面と突き当たって接触するように設けられる。 The first lower inclined portion 43 is provided at a position where its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first base inclined portion 41. More specifically, the first lower inclined portion 43 is provided so that at least a portion of its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first base inclined portion 41 even when the adjustment member 22 moves in the first direction.

第２下傾斜部４４は、調整部材下面２２Ｂに設けられる。第２下傾斜部４４は、調整部材下面２２Ｂから垂直方向の下側に突出する。第２下傾斜部４４は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The second lower inclined portion 44 is provided on the lower surface 22B of the adjustment member. The second lower inclined portion 44 protrudes vertically downward from the lower surface 22B of the adjustment member. The second lower inclined portion 44 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction.

第２下傾斜部４４は、第１方向における位置が第１下傾斜部４３と異なる。また、第２下傾斜部４４は、傾斜角および傾斜方向が第１下傾斜部４３と同一である。なお、第２下傾斜部４４の傾斜角は、調整部材下面２２Ｂに対する角度である。また、例えば、図の例において、第２下傾斜部４４の傾斜方向は、左から右に向かう方向である。 The second lower inclined portion 44 is positioned differently in the first direction than the first lower inclined portion 43. The second lower inclined portion 44 has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first lower inclined portion 43. The inclination angle of the second lower inclined portion 44 is the angle with respect to the lower surface 22B of the adjustment member. In the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the second lower inclined portion 44 is from left to right.

そして、第２下傾斜部４４は、傾斜面が第２ベース傾斜部４２の傾斜面と突き当たって接触する位置に設けられる。より詳しくは、第２下傾斜部４４は、調整部材２２が第１方向に移動した場合においても、少なくとも傾斜面の一部分が、第２ベース傾斜部４２の傾斜面と突き当たって接触するように設けられる。 The second lower inclined portion 44 is provided at a position where its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the second base inclined portion 42. More specifically, the second lower inclined portion 44 is provided so that at least a portion of its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the second base inclined portion 42 even when the adjustment member 22 moves in the first direction.

第１上傾斜部４５は、調整部材２２における、ホルダ支持部材２３に対向した面である調整部材上面２２Ｔに設けられる。第１上傾斜部４５は、調整部材上面２２Ｔから垂直方向の上側に突出する。第１上傾斜部４５は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The first upper inclined portion 45 is provided on the adjustment member upper surface 22T, which is the surface of the adjustment member 22 facing the holder support member 23. The first upper inclined portion 45 protrudes vertically upward from the adjustment member upper surface 22T. The first upper inclined portion 45 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction.

さらに、第１上傾斜部４５は、傾斜方向が、第１下傾斜部４３および第２下傾斜部４４と同一である。例えば、図の例において、第１上傾斜部４５の傾斜方向は、左から右に向かう方向である。 Furthermore, the first upper inclined portion 45 has the same inclination direction as the first lower inclined portion 43 and the second lower inclined portion 44. For example, in the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the first upper inclined portion 45 is from left to right.

第２上傾斜部４６は、調整部材上面２２Ｔに設けられる。第２上傾斜部４６は、調整部材上面２２Ｔから垂直方向の上側に突出する。第２上傾斜部４６は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。第２上傾斜部４６は、第１方向における位置が、第１上傾斜部４５と異なる。また、第２上傾斜部４６は、傾斜角および傾斜方向が第１上傾斜部４５と同一である。 The second upper inclined portion 46 is provided on the adjustment member upper surface 22T. The second upper inclined portion 46 protrudes vertically upward from the adjustment member upper surface 22T. The second upper inclined portion 46 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction. The second upper inclined portion 46 has a different position in the first direction from the first upper inclined portion 45. In addition, the second upper inclined portion 46 has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first upper inclined portion 45.

なお、第１上傾斜部４５および第２上傾斜部４６の傾斜角は、調整部材上面２２Ｔに対する角度である。例えば、図の例において、第２上傾斜部４６の傾斜方向は、左から右に向かう方向である。 The inclination angles of the first upper inclined portion 45 and the second upper inclined portion 46 are angles relative to the adjustment member upper surface 22T. For example, in the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the second upper inclined portion 46 is from left to right.

第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、ホルダ支持部材２３における、調整部材２２に対向した面であるホルダ下面２３Ｂに設けられる。第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、ホルダ下面２３Ｂから垂直方向の下側に突出する。第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The first holder inclined portion 47 is provided on the holder underside 23B, which is the surface of the holder support member 23 facing the adjustment member 22. The first holder inclined portion 47 protrudes vertically downward from the holder underside 23B. The first holder inclined portion 47 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction.

第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、傾斜角が第１上傾斜部４５と同一であり、傾斜方向が第１上傾斜部４５と逆向きである。なお、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７の傾斜角は、ホルダ下面２３Ｂに対する角度である。また、例えば、図の例において、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７の傾斜方向は、右から左に向かう方向である。 The first holder inclined portion 47 has the same inclination angle as the first upper inclined portion 45, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the first upper inclined portion 45. The inclination angle of the first holder inclined portion 47 is the angle with respect to the holder lower surface 23B. Also, for example, in the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the first holder inclined portion 47 is from right to left.

そして、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、傾斜面が第１上傾斜部４５の傾斜面と突き当たって接触する位置に設けられる。より詳しくは、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７は、調整部材２２が第１方向に移動した場合においても、少なくとも傾斜面の一部分が、第１上傾斜部４５の傾斜面と突き当たって接触するように設けられる。 The first holder inclined portion 47 is provided at a position where its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first upper inclined portion 45. More specifically, the first holder inclined portion 47 is provided so that at least a portion of its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first upper inclined portion 45 even when the adjustment member 22 moves in the first direction.

第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、ホルダ下面２３Ｂに設けられる。第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、ホルダ下面２３Ｂから垂直方向の下側に突出する。第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、第１方向に平行な方向に対して傾斜した傾斜面を含む。 The second holder inclined portion 48 is provided on the holder lower surface 23B. The second holder inclined portion 48 protrudes vertically downward from the holder lower surface 23B. The second holder inclined portion 48 includes an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction.

第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、第１方向における位置が第１ホルダ傾斜部４７と異なる。また、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、傾斜角および傾斜方向が第１ホルダ傾斜部４７と同一である。なお、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８の傾斜角は、ホルダ下面２３Ｂに対する角度である。また、例えば、図の例において、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８の傾斜方向は、右から左に向かう方向である。 The second holder inclined portion 48 is positioned differently in the first direction than the first holder inclined portion 47. The second holder inclined portion 48 has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first holder inclined portion 47. The inclination angle of the second holder inclined portion 48 is the angle with respect to the holder underside 23B. In the example shown in the figure, the inclination direction of the second holder inclined portion 48 is from right to left.

そして、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、傾斜面が第２上傾斜部４６の傾斜面と突き当たって接触する位置に設けられる。より詳しくは、第２ホルダ傾斜部４８は、調整部材２２が第１方向に移動した場合においても、少なくとも傾斜面の一部分が、第２上傾斜部４６の傾斜面と突き当たって接触するように設けられる。 The second holder inclined portion 48 is provided at a position where its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the second upper inclined portion 46. More specifically, the second holder inclined portion 48 is provided so that at least a portion of its inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the second upper inclined portion 46 even when the adjustment member 22 moves in the first direction.

このような傾斜部が設けられた反射型エンコーダ１０は、調整部材２２が、第１方向におけるプラス側およびマイナス側に移動することによって、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離を変化させることができる。 A reflective encoder 10 having such an inclined portion can change the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 by moving the adjustment member 22 to the positive and negative sides in the first direction.

例えば、図１に示すように、調整部材２２が第１方向（Ｙ方向）のプラス側（図面右側）に移動した第１状態において、第１ベース傾斜部４１と第１下傾斜部４３との組は、高い部分同士で突き当たる。同様に、第１状態において、第２ベース傾斜部４２と第２下傾斜部４４との組、第１上傾斜部４５と第１ホルダ傾斜部４７との組、および、第２上傾斜部４６と第２ホルダ傾斜部４８との組も、高い部分同士で突き当たる。従って、第１状態において、スケール１４は、垂直方向に上側に移動して、ヘッド１２に近づく。すなわち、第１状態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離が近くなる。 For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the first state in which the adjustment member 22 has moved to the positive side (right side of the drawing) in the first direction (Y direction), the pair of the first base inclined portion 41 and the first lower inclined portion 43 butt against each other at their high portions. Similarly, in the first state, the pair of the second base inclined portion 42 and the second lower inclined portion 44, the pair of the first upper inclined portion 45 and the first holder inclined portion 47, and the pair of the second upper inclined portion 46 and the second holder inclined portion 48 also butt against each other at their high portions. Therefore, in the first state, the scale 14 moves vertically upward and approaches the head 12. That is, in the first state, the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 of the reflective encoder 10 becomes closer.

また、例えば、図２に示すように、調整部材２２が第１方向（Ｙ方向）のマイナス側（図中左側）に移動した第２状態においては、第１ベース傾斜部４１と第１下傾斜部４３との組は、高い部分と低い部分で突き当たる。同様に、第２状態において、第２ベース傾斜部４２と第２下傾斜部４４との組、第１上傾斜部４５と第１ホルダ傾斜部４７との組、および、第２上傾斜部４６と第２ホルダ傾斜部４８との組も、高い部分と低い部分で突き当たる。従って、第２状態において、スケール１４は、垂直方向の下側に移動して、ヘッド１２から遠ざかる。すなわち、第１状態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離が遠くなる。 Also, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the second state in which the adjustment member 22 has moved to the negative side (left side in the figure) in the first direction (Y direction), the pair of the first base inclined portion 41 and the first lower inclined portion 43 abuts at the high and low portions. Similarly, in the second state, the pair of the second base inclined portion 42 and the second lower inclined portion 44, the pair of the first upper inclined portion 45 and the first holder inclined portion 47, and the pair of the second upper inclined portion 46 and the second holder inclined portion 48 also abut at the high and low portions. Therefore, in the second state, the scale 14 moves vertically downward and away from the head 12. That is, in the first state, the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 of the reflective encoder 10 becomes greater.

このように、反射型エンコーダ１０は、調整部材２２を第１方向におけるプラス側およびマイナス側に移動させることにより、微小な距離単位で精度良くヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の距離を調整することができる。 In this way, the reflective encoder 10 can precisely adjust the distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 in minute distance units by moving the adjustment member 22 to the positive and negative sides in the first direction.

なお、本実施形態においては、反射型エンコーダ１０は、第１ベース傾斜部４１、第２ベース傾斜部４２、第１下傾斜部４３、第２下傾斜部４４、第１上傾斜部４５、第２上傾斜部４６、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７および第２ホルダ傾斜部４８に加えて、他の同様の傾斜部を備えてもよい。 In this embodiment, the reflective encoder 10 may have other similar inclined portions in addition to the first base inclined portion 41, the second base inclined portion 42, the first lower inclined portion 43, the second lower inclined portion 44, the first upper inclined portion 45, the second upper inclined portion 46, the first holder inclined portion 47, and the second holder inclined portion 48.

また、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ベース部材２１と調整部材２２との間に傾斜部を備え、調整部材２２とホルダ支持部材２３との間に傾斜部を備えない構成であってもよい。例えば、反射型エンコーダ１０は、第１ベース傾斜部４１、第２ベース傾斜部４２、第１下傾斜部４３および第２下傾斜部４４を備え、第１上傾斜部４５、第２上傾斜部４６、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７および第２ホルダ傾斜部４８を備えない構成であってもよい。反対に、また、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ベース部材２１と調整部材２２との間に傾斜部を備えず、調整部材２２とホルダ支持部材２３との間に傾斜部を備える構成であってもよい。例えば、反射型エンコーダ１０は、第１ベース傾斜部４１、第２ベース傾斜部４２、第１下傾斜部４３および第２下傾斜部４４を備えずに、第１上傾斜部４５、第２上傾斜部４６、第１ホルダ傾斜部４７および第２ホルダ傾斜部４８を備える構成であってもよい。 The reflective encoder 10 may also be configured to include an inclined portion between the base member 21 and the adjustment member 22, and not include an inclined portion between the adjustment member 22 and the holder support member 23. For example, the reflective encoder 10 may be configured to include a first base inclined portion 41, a second base inclined portion 42, a first lower inclined portion 43, and a second lower inclined portion 44, and not include a first upper inclined portion 45, a second upper inclined portion 46, a first holder inclined portion 47, and a second holder inclined portion 48. Conversely, the reflective encoder 10 may also be configured to include an inclined portion between the base member 21 and the adjustment member 22, and not include an inclined portion between the adjustment member 22 and the holder support member 23. For example, the reflective encoder 10 may be configured to include a first upper inclined portion 45, a second upper inclined portion 46, a first holder inclined portion 47, and a second holder inclined portion 48, without including a first base inclined portion 41, a second base inclined portion 42, a first lower inclined portion 43, and a second lower inclined portion 44.

また、反射型エンコーダ１０は、各傾斜部の傾斜角を大きくするほど、調整部材２２の第１方向の移動量に対する、垂直方向の移動量を大きくすることができる。反対に、反射型エンコーダ１０は、各傾斜部の傾斜角を小さくするほど、調整部材２２の第１方向の移動量に対して垂直方向の移動量を微小な単位ずつ移動させることができる。また、本実施形態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ベース部材２１と調整部材２２との間、および、調整部材２２とホルダ支持部材２３との間のそれぞれに傾斜部を有する。これにより、反射型エンコーダ１０は、調整部材２２の第１方向の移動量に対する、垂直方向の移動量を大きくすることができる。 Furthermore, the reflective encoder 10 can increase the vertical movement amount relative to the movement amount of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction as the inclination angle of each inclined portion is increased. Conversely, the reflective encoder 10 can increase the vertical movement amount relative to the movement amount of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction by a smaller unit as the inclination angle of each inclined portion is decreased. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the reflective encoder 10 has inclined portions between the base member 21 and the adjustment member 22, and between the adjustment member 22 and the holder support member 23. This allows the reflective encoder 10 to increase the vertical movement amount relative to the movement amount of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction.

さらに、調整部材２２は、操作部材２６が操作されることにより、第１方向に移動する。本実施形態においては、操作部材２６は、例えば、先端部が調整部材２２の第１方向の端部に挿入されたボルトである。従って、調整部材２２は、操作部材２６が作業者またはロボット等の操作によって回転することによって、第１方向のプラス側またはマイナス側に移動する。 Furthermore, the adjustment member 22 moves in the first direction when the operating member 26 is operated. In this embodiment, the operating member 26 is, for example, a bolt whose tip is inserted into the end of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction. Therefore, the adjustment member 22 moves to the positive or negative side in the first direction when the operating member 26 is rotated by the operation of a worker or a robot, etc.

これにより、作業者またはロボットは、１個のボルトを回転させることによって、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の距離を調整することができる。従って、反射型エンコーダ１０は、非常に簡易によりヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の距離を調整させることができる。 This allows an operator or robot to adjust the distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 by rotating a single bolt. Therefore, the reflective encoder 10 allows the distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 to be adjusted very easily.

以上のように、本実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０によれば、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の距離を非常に簡易に精度良く調整することができる。なお、本実施形態においては、スケールホルダ２４およびスケール１４は、直線動作をする。しかし、スケールホルダ２４は、リング状であって、回転動作をしてもよい。この場合、第１方向は、ヘッド１２に対向する位置での、リング状のスケールホルダ２４における接線の方向となる。すなわち、反射型エンコーダ１０は、光反射型のリニアエンコーダであってもよいし、光反射型のロータリーエンコーダであってもよい。 As described above, the reflective encoder 10 according to this embodiment allows the distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 to be adjusted very easily and with high precision. In this embodiment, the scale holder 24 and the scale 14 move linearly. However, the scale holder 24 may be ring-shaped and move in rotation. In this case, the first direction is the direction of the tangent to the ring-shaped scale holder 24 at the position facing the head 12. In other words, the reflective encoder 10 may be a light-reflective linear encoder or a light-reflective rotary encoder.

（第２実施形態）
つぎに、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０について説明する。第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０は、第１実施形態とほぼ同一の構成であるので、同一の機能および構成を有する部材については同一の符号を付けて相違点を除き詳細な説明を省略する。 Second Embodiment
Next, a reflective encoder 10 according to a second embodiment will be described. The reflective encoder 10 according to the second embodiment has almost the same configuration as the first embodiment, so members having the same functions and configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted except for the differences.

図４は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０の斜視図である。図５は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０の分解斜視図である。図６は、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０の部分断面図である。 Figure 4 is a perspective view of the reflective encoder 10 according to the second embodiment. Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the reflective encoder 10 according to the second embodiment. Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the reflective encoder 10 according to the second embodiment.

第２実施形態において、ヘッド基板２５は、信号処理回路５１と、通信端子５２とを有する。信号処理回路５１は、ヘッド１２により検出されたヘッド１２とスケール１４との第１方向の相対位置の変化を表す信号に対して信号処理をする。通信端子５２は、遠隔地に設けられた他の装置と通信ケーブル等を介して通信をする。これにより、反射型エンコーダ１０は、他の装置に２つの物体の間の距離の変化量または同一物体の２点間の距離の変化量を送信することができる。 In the second embodiment, the head substrate 25 has a signal processing circuit 51 and a communication terminal 52. The signal processing circuit 51 processes a signal that indicates a change in the relative position of the head 12 and the scale 14 in the first direction detected by the head 12. The communication terminal 52 communicates with another device installed in a remote location via a communication cable or the like. This allows the reflective encoder 10 to transmit the amount of change in the distance between two objects or the amount of change in the distance between two points on the same object to the other device.

また、ヘッド基板２５は、複数の基板固定ネジ５３により、ベース部材２１に形成された複数の接続部材３１にねじ止めされる。これにより、ヘッド基板２５は、ベース部材２１に対して垂直方向および第１方向の位置が固定される。 The head substrate 25 is also screwed to a plurality of connection members 31 formed on the base member 21 by a plurality of substrate fixing screws 53. This fixes the position of the head substrate 25 in the vertical direction and the first direction relative to the base member 21.

ベース部材２１に設けられるボルト保持部３３は、ボルトガイド部５５と、蓋部５６と、２個の蓋固定ネジ５７とを有する。 The bolt holding portion 33 provided on the base member 21 has a bolt guide portion 55, a lid portion 56, and two lid fixing screws 57.

ボルトガイド部５５は、ボルトである操作部材２６のボルト軸の中心軸を第１方向に保持するとともに、操作部材２６を回転可能に保持する。例えば、ボルトガイド部５５は、Ｘ方向の幅がボルト軸の直径よりもやや大きいＵ状の溝を有する。操作部材２６は、ボルト軸がボルトガイド部５５の溝に挿入される。蓋部５６は、ボルト軸がボルトガイド部５５の溝に挿入された状態で溝の上部に配置され、ボルト軸を溝の上から飛び出さないように規制する。２個の蓋固定ネジ５７は、蓋部５６をボルトガイド部５５に固定する。 The bolt guide portion 55 holds the central axis of the bolt shaft of the operating member 26, which is a bolt, in a first direction and rotatably holds the operating member 26. For example, the bolt guide portion 55 has a U-shaped groove whose width in the X direction is slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt shaft. The bolt shaft of the operating member 26 is inserted into the groove of the bolt guide portion 55. The lid portion 56 is placed above the groove with the bolt shaft inserted in the groove of the bolt guide portion 55, and prevents the bolt shaft from protruding from above the groove. Two lid fixing screws 57 fix the lid portion 56 to the bolt guide portion 55.

ボルトガイド部５５に形成された溝の垂直方向の深さは、ボルト軸の直径よりも長い。従って、操作部材２６は、調整部材２２の垂直方向の移動に伴って、垂直方向に移動することができる。これにより、ボルトガイド部５５は、操作部材２６を垂直方向に移動可能に保持することができる。 The vertical depth of the groove formed in the bolt guide portion 55 is greater than the diameter of the bolt shaft. Therefore, the operating member 26 can move vertically in conjunction with the vertical movement of the adjustment member 22. This allows the bolt guide portion 55 to hold the operating member 26 so that it can move vertically.

操作部材２６は、ボルト軸の中心軸に沿った方向の一部分に規制部５８を有する。規制部５８の直径は、ボルト軸の直径よりも太く、Ｕ状の溝のＸ方向の長さより長い。 The operating member 26 has a restricting portion 58 at a portion along the central axis of the bolt shaft. The diameter of the restricting portion 58 is larger than the diameter of the bolt shaft and is longer than the length of the U-shaped groove in the X direction.

操作部材２６は、ボルトガイド部５５のＵ状の溝に、ボルト軸における、ボルト頭と規制部５８との間の部分がはめ合わされる。これにより、操作部材２６は、調整部材２２から離れる方向への移動する力が加わった場合であっても、規制部５８がボルトガイド部５５に引っ掛かり、第１方向の移動が規制される。また、操作部材２６は、調整部材２２に近づく方向への移動する力が加わった場合であっても、ボルト頭がボルトガイド部５５に引っ掛かり、第１方向の移動が規制される。これにより、操作部材２６は、回転することによりボルト軸の先端が調整部材２２の外部から内部へと移動したりまたは内部から外部への方向へと移動した場合において、第１方向の移動が規制され、調整部材２２のみを第１方向に移動させることができる。 The operating member 26 is fitted into the U-shaped groove of the bolt guide portion 55 at the portion of the bolt shaft between the bolt head and the restricting portion 58. As a result, even if a force is applied to the operating member 26 in a direction away from the adjustment member 22, the restricting portion 58 hooks onto the bolt guide portion 55, and the movement in the first direction is restricted. Also, even if a force is applied to the operating member 26 in a direction toward the adjustment member 22, the bolt head hooks onto the bolt guide portion 55, and the movement in the first direction is restricted. As a result, when the tip of the bolt shaft moves from the outside to the inside of the adjustment member 22 or moves from the inside to the outside by rotating the operating member 26, the movement in the first direction is restricted, and only the adjustment member 22 can be moved in the first direction.

反射型エンコーダ１０は、スライドベアリング６０をさらに備える。スライドベアリング６０は、軸受６１と、ベアリング軸６２とを有する。スライドベアリング６０は、軸受６１およびベアリング軸６２の相対位置が第１方向に移動可能に設けられる。 The reflective encoder 10 further includes a slide bearing 60. The slide bearing 60 has a bearing 61 and a bearing shaft 62. The slide bearing 60 is provided such that the relative positions of the bearing 61 and the bearing shaft 62 can move in the first direction.

スライドベアリング６０は、ホルダ支持部材２３とスケールホルダ２４との間に領域に設けられる。スケールホルダ２４は、軸受６１またはベアリング軸６２のうちの一方に固定される。ホルダ支持部材２３は、軸受６１またはベアリング軸６２のうちのスケールホルダ２４が固定されていない方の一方に固定される。本実施形態においては、軸受６１は、スケールホルダ２４に固定される。また、本実施形態においては、ベアリング軸６２は、ホルダ支持部材２３側が露出しており、ホルダ支持部材２３に固定される。これにより、ホルダ支持部材２３は、スケールホルダ２４を、第１方向に移動可能に保持することができる。 The slide bearing 60 is provided in the region between the holder support member 23 and the scale holder 24. The scale holder 24 is fixed to one of the bearing 61 or the bearing shaft 62. The holder support member 23 is fixed to the bearing 61 or the bearing shaft 62 to which the scale holder 24 is not fixed. In this embodiment, the bearing 61 is fixed to the scale holder 24. Also, in this embodiment, the bearing shaft 62 is exposed on the holder support member 23 side and is fixed to the holder support member 23. This allows the holder support member 23 to hold the scale holder 24 movably in the first direction.

また、第２実施形態において、ホルダ支持部材２３は、ベース部材２１との間に調整部材２２を挟み込み、ばね力により調整部材２２をベース部材２１側に押し付ける。これにより、ホルダ支持部材２３は、垂直方向に移動可能とするとともに、ガタつきを抑えながら調整部材２２を垂直方向および第１方向に移動可能に保持することができる。 In the second embodiment, the holder support member 23 sandwiches the adjustment member 22 between itself and the base member 21, and the spring force presses the adjustment member 22 toward the base member 21. This allows the holder support member 23 to move vertically and also holds the adjustment member 22 movably in the vertical direction and the first direction while suppressing rattling.

例えば、反射型エンコーダ１０は、複数のガイドボルト６５と、複数のガイドボルト６５に対応する複数のコイルバネ６６とをさらに備える。ホルダ支持部材２３は、複数のガイドボルト６５に対応する複数のガイド孔６７が形成されている。複数のガイドボルト６５のそれぞれは、ボルト軸が垂直方向に向けられた状態で、ベース部材２１の反対側の面から対応するガイド孔６７に挿入される。ベース部材２１は、複数のガイド孔６７に対応する位置に、複数のネジ穴６８が形成されている。複数のガイドボルト６５のそれぞれは、ベース部材２１に形成された対応するネジ穴６８にねじ止めされ、ボルト軸の先端部がベース部材２１に固定される。 For example, the reflective encoder 10 further includes a plurality of guide bolts 65 and a plurality of coil springs 66 corresponding to the plurality of guide bolts 65. The holder support member 23 is formed with a plurality of guide holes 67 corresponding to the plurality of guide bolts 65. Each of the plurality of guide bolts 65 is inserted into the corresponding guide hole 67 from the opposite surface of the base member 21 with the bolt shaft oriented vertically. The base member 21 is formed with a plurality of screw holes 68 at positions corresponding to the plurality of guide holes 67. Each of the plurality of guide bolts 65 is screwed into the corresponding screw hole 68 formed in the base member 21, and the tip of the bolt shaft is fixed to the base member 21.

さらに、図６の部分断面図に示すように、複数のコイルバネ６６のそれぞれは、対応するガイドボルト６５のボルト軸が挿入される。そして、複数のコイルバネ６６のそれぞれは、対応するガイドボルト６５のボルト頭と、ホルダ支持部材２３との間に配置される。これにより、複数のコイルバネ６６のそれぞれは、ホルダ支持部材２３をばね力によりベース部材２１の方向へと移動させる。従って、ホルダ支持部材２３は、垂直方向に移動可能となるとともに、ベース部材２１との間に調整部材２２を挟み込み、ばね力により調整部材２２をベース部材２１側に押し付けることができる。 Furthermore, as shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, the bolt shaft of the corresponding guide bolt 65 is inserted into each of the coil springs 66. Each of the coil springs 66 is then disposed between the bolt head of the corresponding guide bolt 65 and the holder support member 23. As a result, each of the coil springs 66 moves the holder support member 23 toward the base member 21 by the spring force. Therefore, the holder support member 23 is movable in the vertical direction, and the adjustment member 22 is sandwiched between the holder support member 23 and the base member 21, and the spring force can press the adjustment member 22 toward the base member 21.

また、第２実施形態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、第１ロックボルト７１と、第２ロックボルト７２とをさらに備える。 In the second embodiment, the reflective encoder 10 further includes a first lock bolt 71 and a second lock bolt 72.

第１ロックボルト７１および第２ロックボルト７２は、調整部材２２の第１方向における位置が調整されたことによりヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離が定まった後において、調整部材２２をベース部材２１に対して固定する。 The first lock bolt 71 and the second lock bolt 72 fix the adjustment member 22 to the base member 21 after the position of the adjustment member 22 in the first direction has been adjusted to determine the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14.

第１ロックボルト７１は、例えば、ボルト軸が垂直方向に平行となるように配置される。第１ロックボルト７１は、ホルダ支持部材２３側から挿入されて、ホルダ支持部材２３とベース部材２１との間に調整部材２２を挟んだ状態で、ボルト軸の先端部がベース部材２１に固定される。これにより、第１ロックボルト７１は、調整部材２２をベース部材２１に対して固定することができる。 The first lock bolt 71 is arranged, for example, so that the bolt axis is parallel to the vertical direction. The first lock bolt 71 is inserted from the holder support member 23 side, and the tip of the bolt axis is fixed to the base member 21 with the adjustment member 22 sandwiched between the holder support member 23 and the base member 21. This allows the first lock bolt 71 to fix the adjustment member 22 to the base member 21.

第２ロックボルト７２は、例えば、ボルト軸がＸ方向に平行となるように配置される。ベース部材２１は、Ｘ方向に平行となるような配置された第２ロックボルト７２のボルト軸が挿入される貫通孔が形成されたロックボルト保持部７３を有する。第２ロックボルト７２は、ロックボルト保持部７３の貫通孔に、調整部材２２とは反対側から挿入されて、調整部材２２に固定される。これにより、第２ロックボルト７２は、調整部材２２をベース部材２１に対して固定することができる。 The second lock bolt 72 is arranged, for example, with its bolt axis parallel to the X direction. The base member 21 has a lock bolt holding portion 73 with a through hole formed therein into which the bolt axis of the second lock bolt 72 arranged to be parallel to the X direction is inserted. The second lock bolt 72 is inserted into the through hole of the lock bolt holding portion 73 from the side opposite the adjustment member 22 and fixed to the adjustment member 22. This allows the second lock bolt 72 to fix the adjustment member 22 to the base member 21.

図７は、第２実施形態に係る、第１状態の反射型エンコーダ１０の断面図である。例えば、反射型エンコーダ１０は、図７に示すように、調整部材２２が第１方向（Ｙ方向）のプラス側（図中右側）に移動した第１状態となったとする。第１状態において、第１ベース傾斜部４１と第１下傾斜部４３との組、第２ベース傾斜部４２と第２下傾斜部４４との組、第１上傾斜部４５と第１ホルダ傾斜部４７との組、および、第２上傾斜部４６と第２ホルダ傾斜部４８との組は、傾斜面の高い位置同士で突き当たる。これにより、第１状態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離を近くすることができる。 Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the reflective encoder 10 in the first state according to the second embodiment. For example, the reflective encoder 10 is in the first state in which the adjustment member 22 has moved to the positive side (right side in the figure) of the first direction (Y direction) as shown in Figure 7. In the first state, the pair of the first base inclined portion 41 and the first lower inclined portion 43, the pair of the second base inclined portion 42 and the second lower inclined portion 44, the pair of the first upper inclined portion 45 and the first holder inclined portion 47, and the pair of the second upper inclined portion 46 and the second holder inclined portion 48 butt against each other at the high positions of the inclined surfaces. As a result, in the first state, the reflective encoder 10 can reduce the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14.

図８は、第２実施形態に係る、第２状態の反射型エンコーダ１０の断面図である。例えば、反射型エンコーダ１０は、図８に示すように、調整部材２２が第１方向（Ｙ方向）のマイナス側（図中左側）に移動した第２状態となったとする。第２状態において、第１ベース傾斜部４１と第１下傾斜部４３との組、第２ベース傾斜部４２と第２下傾斜部４４との組、第１上傾斜部４５と第１ホルダ傾斜部４７との組、および、第２上傾斜部４６と第２ホルダ傾斜部４８との組は、傾斜面の高い位置と低い位置とで突き当たる。これにより、第２状態において、反射型エンコーダ１０は、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の垂直方向の距離を近くすることができる。 Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the reflective encoder 10 in the second state according to the second embodiment. For example, the reflective encoder 10 is in the second state in which the adjustment member 22 has moved to the negative side (left side in the figure) in the first direction (Y direction) as shown in Figure 8. In the second state, the pair of the first base inclined portion 41 and the first lower inclined portion 43, the pair of the second base inclined portion 42 and the second lower inclined portion 44, the pair of the first upper inclined portion 45 and the first holder inclined portion 47, and the pair of the second upper inclined portion 46 and the second holder inclined portion 48 butt against each other at the high and low positions of the inclined surfaces. As a result, in the second state, the reflective encoder 10 can reduce the vertical distance between the head 12 and the scale 14.

以上のように、第２実施形態に係る反射型エンコーダ１０においても、第１実施形態と同様に、ヘッド１２とスケール１４との間の距離を非常に簡易に精度良く調整することができる。 As described above, in the reflective encoder 10 according to the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the distance between the head 12 and the scale 14 can be adjusted very easily and precisely.

以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。実施形態は、種々の変更を行うことができる。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various modifications can be made to the embodiments.

１０反射型エンコーダ
１２ヘッド
１４スケール
２１ベース部材
２２調整部材
２３ホルダ支持部材
２４スケールホルダ
２５ヘッド基板
２６操作部材
３１接続部材
３２ボルト穴
３３ボルト保持部
４１第１ベース傾斜部
４２第２ベース傾斜部
４３第１下傾斜部
４４第２下傾斜部
４５第１上傾斜部
４６第２上傾斜部
４７第１ホルダ傾斜部
４８第２ホルダ傾斜部
５１信号処理回路
５２通信端子
５３基板固定ネジ
５５ボルトガイド部
５６蓋部
５７蓋固定ネジ
５８規制部
６０スライドベアリング
６１軸受
６２ベアリング軸
６５ガイドボルト
６６コイルバネ
６７ガイド孔
６８ネジ穴
７１水平ロックボルト
７２垂直ロックボルト
７３ロックボルト保持 10 Reflective encoder 12 Head 14 Scale 21 Base member 22 Adjustment member 23 Holder support member 24 Scale holder 25 Head substrate 26 Operation member 31 Connection member 32 Bolt hole 33 Bolt holding portion 41 First base inclined portion 42 Second base inclined portion 43 First lower inclined portion 44 Second lower inclined portion 45 First upper inclined portion 46 Second upper inclined portion 47 First holder inclined portion 48 Second holder inclined portion 51 Signal processing circuit 52 Communication terminal 53 Substrate fixing screw 55 Bolt guide portion 56 Lid portion 57 Lid fixing screw 58 Regulating portion 60 Slide bearing 61 Bearing 62 Bearing shaft 65 Guide bolt 66 Coil spring 67 Guide hole 68 Screw hole 71 Horizontal lock bolt 72 Vertical lock bolt 73 Lock bolt holding

Claims

A base member;
an adjustment member provided on an upper side of the base member in a vertical direction and movable in a first direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and in the vertical direction relative to the base member;
a holder support member provided above the adjustment member in the vertical direction, movable in the vertical direction, and fixed in position in the first direction with respect to the base member;
a scale holder that is held by the holder support member so as to be movable in the first direction, the scale holder having a scale for detecting a relative position in the first direction;
a head substrate provided above the scale holder in the vertical direction, the head substrate being fixed in position in the vertical direction and in the first direction with respect to the base member, and the head substrate having a head that outputs a signal representing a relative position with respect to the scale in the first direction;
an operating member that moves a position of the adjustment member in the first direction;
Equipped with
the base member has a first base inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the first inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the adjustment member has a first lower inclined portion on a surface facing the base member, the first lower inclined portion protruding downward in the vertical direction and including an inclined surface inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
A reflective encoder, wherein the first lower inclined portion has an inclination angle identical to that of the first base inclined portion, an inclination direction opposite to that of the first base inclined portion, and is provided at a position where the inclined surface abuts and makes contact with the inclined surface of the first base inclined portion.

the base member further includes a second base inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the second base inclined portion including an inclined surface protruding upward in the vertical direction and inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the adjustment member further has a second lower inclined portion on a surface facing the base member, the second lower inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the second base inclined portion and the second lower inclined portion are positioned in the first direction differently from the first base inclined portion and the first lower inclined portion,
the second base inclined portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first base inclined portion;
The second lower inclined portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first lower inclined portion,
The reflective encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the second lower inclined portion is provided at a position where an inclined surface abuts against and contacts an inclined surface of the second base inclined portion.

the adjustment member has a first upper inclined portion on a surface facing the holder support member, the first upper inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the holder support member has a first holder inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the first holder inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
The first upper inclined portion has an inclination direction that is the same as that of the first lower inclined portion,
The reflective encoder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first holder inclined portion has an inclination angle identical to that of the first upper inclined portion, an inclination direction opposite to that of the first upper inclined portion, and is provided at a position where the inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first upper inclined portion.

the adjustment member further has a second upper inclined portion on a surface facing the holder support member, the second upper inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the holder support member further includes a second holder inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the second holder inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the second upper inclined portion and the second holder inclined portion are positioned in the first direction differently from the first upper inclined portion and the first holder inclined portion,
The second upper inclined portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first upper inclined portion,
The second holder inclination portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first holder inclination portion,
The reflective encoder according to claim 3 , wherein the second holder inclined portion is provided at a position where an inclined surface abuts against and comes into contact with an inclined surface of the second upper inclined portion.

the operating member is a bolt,
The adjustment member has a bolt hole formed at an end in the first direction,
The bolt hole has a central axis formed in the first direction, a tip end of the bolt shaft of the operation member is inserted into the bolt hole, and a thread is formed to mesh with the tip end of the bolt shaft of the operation member.
the base member has a bolt holding portion at a position that is outward of the bolt hole in the first direction and does not mechanically interfere with the bolt holding portion due to movement of the adjustment member in the first direction;
5. The reflective encoder according to claim 1, wherein the bolt holding portion holds the operating member so as to be movable in the vertical direction and restrict movement of the operating member in the first direction when a tip portion of the operating member is inserted into the bolt hole.

The bearing and the bearing shaft are provided so as to be movable relative to each other in the first direction.
the scale holder is fixed to one of the bearing or the bearing shaft;
The reflective encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the holder support member is fixed to one of the bearing and the bearing shaft to which the scale holder is not fixed.

A plurality of guide bolts;
A plurality of coil springs corresponding to the plurality of guide bolts;
Further equipped with
The holder support member is formed with a plurality of guide holes corresponding to the plurality of guide bolts,
Each of the plurality of guide bolts is inserted into a corresponding one of the plurality of guide holes from the opposite surface of the base member with the bolt shaft oriented in the vertical direction, and a tip end of the bolt shaft is fixed to the base member;
each of the coil springs has a bolt shaft of a corresponding one of the guide bolts inserted therein, and is disposed between a bolt head of the corresponding guide bolt and the holder support member, and moves the holder support member toward the base member by a spring force;
The reflective encoder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of the plurality of guide holes is formed at a position where the corresponding guide bolt does not mechanically interfere with the adjustment member when the bolt shaft of the corresponding guide bolt is inserted, and guides the holder support member so that it cannot move in the first direction relative to the base member and can move in the vertical direction.

the head is an optical head,
The reflective encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the scale is an optical scale.

A base member;
an adjustment member provided on an upper side of the base member in a vertical direction and movable in a first direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and in the vertical direction relative to the base member;
a holder support member provided above the adjustment member in the vertical direction, movable in the vertical direction, and fixed in position in the first direction with respect to the base member;
a scale holder that is held by the holder support member so as to be movable in the first direction, the scale holder having a scale for detecting a relative position in the first direction;
a head substrate provided above the scale holder in the vertical direction, the head substrate being fixed in position in the vertical direction and in the first direction with respect to the base member, and the head substrate having a head that outputs a signal representing a relative position with respect to the scale in the first direction;
an operating member that moves a position of the adjustment member in the first direction;
Equipped with
the adjustment member has a first upper inclined portion on a surface facing the holder support member, the first upper inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the holder support member has a first holder inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the first holder inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
A reflective encoder, wherein the first holder inclined portion has an inclination angle identical to that of the first upper inclined portion, an inclination direction opposite to that of the first upper inclined portion, and is provided at a position where the inclined surface abuts and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the first upper inclined portion.

the adjustment member further has a second upper inclined portion on a surface facing the holder support member, the second upper inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes upward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the holder support member further includes a second holder inclined portion on a surface facing the adjustment member, the second holder inclined portion including an inclined surface that protrudes downward in the vertical direction and is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the first direction,
the second upper inclined portion and the second holder inclined portion are positioned in the first direction differently from the first upper inclined portion and the first holder inclined portion,
The second upper inclined portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first upper inclined portion,
The second holder inclination portion has the same inclination angle and inclination direction as the first holder inclination portion,
The reflective encoder according to claim 9 , wherein the second holder inclined portion is provided at a position where an inclined surface abuts against and comes into contact with the inclined surface of the second upper inclined portion.