JP7471639B2 - Detachable body truck - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a detachable body truck that has a structure that allows the body to be loaded and unloaded onto the chassis by driving a movable arm attached to the chassis.

A detachable body type freight vehicle (truck) is already known that has a cabin, a chassis extending rearward from the bottom of the cabin, a body loaded on top of the chassis, and a movable arm attached to the chassis (see, for example, FIG. 8 of Patent Document 1). In a detachable body type truck, the body can be loaded or unloaded from the chassis by driving the movable arm with a hook attached to the tip of the movable arm engaged with a hook bar attached to the front of the body.

The movable arms in detachable body trucks are sometimes called "arm rolls" (registered trademark of ShinMaywa Industries Co., Ltd.) or "hook rolls" (registered trademark of Kyokuto Kaihatsu Kogyo Co., Ltd.) depending on the manufacturer. Such detachable body trucks equipped with movable arms are mainly used for transporting waste and the like. In this type of truck, the body is sometimes called a "container."

JP 2011-255740 A

In the above-mentioned detachable body truck, the body is lowered from the chassis by driving the movable arm after the truck is parked in a specified location. However, in a typical detachable body truck, the movable arm is designed so that it can only rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the left-right direction (the width direction of the truck) (it can only rotate up and down). In addition, the hook of the movable arm is engaged in a state where it can only rotate up and down relative to the hook bar of the body. For this reason, in a typical detachable body truck, although the location where the body is lowered can be adjusted in the front-to-back direction (the length direction of the truck), it cannot be adjusted left-to-right. In addition, the orientation of the lowered body cannot be adjusted.

In this regard, for trucks transporting waste, etc., there is little disadvantage in not being able to adjust the location or orientation of the unloaded body. This is because, for trucks used for such purposes, the body (container) almost always only needs to be unloaded in a general location and in a general orientation, and the body (container) that has been unloaded from the chassis is rarely left in that location for long periods of time. For this reason, the location or orientation in which the body (container) is unloaded rarely poses an issue.

However, depending on the use of the body, the location and orientation of the body to be lowered can be problematic. For example, the applicant is considering using the body as a temporary facility such as a temporary office, temporary store, temporary house, temporary hotel, or temporary toilet, and these temporary facilities will be left in place for a certain period of time after being lowered from the chassis. In addition, if the location or orientation of these temporary facilities is misaligned, problems such as the temporary facility becoming difficult to use can arise. For this reason, the location and orientation of the body (temporary facility) to be lowered are important.

However, if you try to install this type of body (temporary facility) in a specified location in the correct orientation using the typical detachable body truck described above, you must either park the truck in the correct location and orientation and then unload the body (temporary facility), or you must unload the body (temporary facility) in a rough location and then use a crane or similar to adjust the location and orientation of the body (temporary facility). Such a process is extremely time-consuming.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a truck with a detachable body that allows the location and orientation of the body to be easily adjusted.

The above issues are:
The cabin and
A chassis extending rearward from the bottom of the cabin;
The body is loaded onto the top of the chassis,
A movable arm provided on the chassis,
A detachable body type truck in which a body can be loaded onto or unloaded from a chassis by driving a movable arm in a state in which a locking portion provided at a tip of the movable arm is locked with a locking portion provided at a front part of the body,
Wheels are provided on the rear bottom of the body,
This problem is solved by providing a detachable body type truck, characterized in that the engaging portion of the movable arm is a cylindrical pin.

In this way, by using a pin as the locking portion of the movable arm, the locked portion of the body to which it is locked can easily rotate (horizontally rotate) left and right around the locking portion (pin) of the movable arm. In addition, wheels are provided on the rear bottom surface of the body. Therefore, when the steering wheel is turned while moving the truck forward or backward with only the front side of the body lowered to the ground slightly raised by the movable arm (with only the wheels on the rear bottom surface of the body on the ground), the body will rotate left and right (horizontally rotate) relative to the chassis. This makes it possible to adjust the location and orientation of the body while observing the actual state of the body at the site. In addition, heavy machinery such as a crane is not required. This makes it easy to adjust the location and orientation of the body to be lowered.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is preferable to provide an enlarged diameter portion at the tip of the pin that forms the engaging portion of the movable arm. This makes it possible to firmly engage the engaging portion (pin) of the movable arm with the engaged portion of the body so that the engaging portion (pin) does not come off when loading or unloading the body. This makes it possible to increase the safety of the loading and unloading of the body.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is also preferable that the locked portion of the body is a bar bent into a V shape in plan view so that its left-right central portion protrudes forward. This allows the locking portion (pin) of the movable arm to be naturally guided to the left-right central portion of the locked portion (bar) when it is locked to the locked portion (bar). This makes it possible to prevent the center of rotation from shifting when the body rotates horizontally relative to the movable arm. This makes it easier for the body to rotate horizontally smoothly relative to the chassis, making it even easier to adjust the location and orientation of the body.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is also preferable that the wheels mounted on the rear bottom surface of the body are arranged in a state in which they can turn horizontally relative to the body. As already mentioned, when the steering wheel is turned while moving the truck forward or backward, the body turns horizontally relative to the chassis. By allowing the wheels of the body to turn horizontally, the turning radius of the truck can be reduced (making the truck easier to maneuver). This makes it possible to easily adjust the installation location and orientation of the body even in a narrow work site.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is also preferable to provide height-adjustable legs on the front bottom surface of the body. As described below, when the body is removed from the chassis and set up to be used as a temporary facility, it is required that the body be set up horizontally after being removed. By making the body legs height-adjustable, it becomes possible to set up the body horizontally even if the ground on which the body is set up is inclined or undulating.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is also preferable that the tip of the movable arm, including the locking portion, be a detachable attachment that can be detached from other portions of the movable arm. As already mentioned, in a typical detachable body truck, the locking portion of the movable arm is a hook, whereas in the detachable body truck of the present invention, the locking portion of the movable arm is a pin. In this regard, by making the tip of the movable arm a detachable attachment and preparing, for example, a detachable attachment with a pin-shaped locking portion and a detachable attachment with a hook-shaped locking portion, the detachable body truck of the present invention can be used as a typical detachable body truck.

In the detachable body truck of the present invention, it is also preferable that the body can be used as a temporary facility. Examples of temporary facilities include temporary offices, temporary stores, temporary houses, temporary hotels, and temporary toilets. There is a strong demand for these types of temporary facilities to be installed in the correct location and in the correct orientation. For this reason, when the body is used as such a temporary facility, it becomes even more meaningful to adopt the configuration related to the detachable body truck of the present invention.

Incidentally, for a general facility (building), even if it is temporary, if the installation area exceeds ¹⁰ m2, it is necessary to construct a foundation and fix the facility (building) to the ground. In addition, the facility (building) is also subject to fixed asset tax. In this respect, the body of the detachable body type truck of the present invention is not a building but a part of the vehicle. Therefore, even if the body is used as a temporary facility, there is an advantage that the above-mentioned restrictions are eliminated. Therefore, it is possible to provide a facility that can be used easily at low cost.

As described above, the present invention makes it possible to provide a truck with a detachable body that allows the location and orientation of the body to be easily adjusted.

1 is a side view of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention, showing a state in which the body is loaded onto the chassis. FIG. 1 is a side view of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention, showing a state in which the body is being lowered from the chassis. FIG. FIG. 1 is a side view of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention, showing a state in which the body has been completely removed from the chassis. 1 is a perspective view showing the body and the vicinity of the tip of a movable arm in a detachable body type truck according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a top view of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention, showing a state in which the body is being turned horizontally relative to the chassis. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a state where a locked portion of a body in a detachable body type truck according to the present invention is seen from above and from the side, respectively. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a body of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention is cut along a vertical plane.

A preferred embodiment of the detachable body truck of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The configuration described below is merely an example, and the technical scope of the detachable body truck of the present invention is not limited to the configuration described below. The detachable body truck of the present invention can be modified as appropriate within the scope that does not impair the spirit of the invention.

Figures 1 to 3 are side views of a detachable body truck according to the present invention. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the detachable body truck of the present invention comprises a cabin 10 with a driver's seat, a chassis 20 extending rearward from the lower part of the cabin 10, a body 30 loaded on the upper side of the chassis 20, and a movable arm 40 attached to the chassis 20. The body 30 may be a container for transporting waste, but in the truck of this embodiment, the body 30 can be used as a temporary facility (such as a temporary office, temporary store, temporary house, temporary hotel, or temporary toilet) as shown in Figure 4 below.

This truck is capable of loading and unloading the body 30 onto and from the chassis 20 by driving the movable arm 40 with a locking portion _α1 provided at the tip of the movable arm 40 locked to a locked portion _α2 provided at the front of the body 30 and rotating the movable arm 40 up and down along a vertical plane (up and down rotation). Fig. 1 shows a state in which the body 30 is loaded onto the chassis 20, Fig. 2 shows a state in which the body 30 is in the middle of being unloaded from the chassis 20, and Fig. 3 shows a state in which the body 30 has been completely unloaded from the chassis 20.

As shown in Fig. 2, the movable arm 40 is composed of a first arm 41 and a second arm 42, and is L-shaped in a side view. The base end side of the first arm 41 is supported by a bearing (not shown) in a state in which it can rotate up and down relative to the chassis 20. The above-mentioned locking portion _α1 is provided at the tip of the second arm 42 (the end opposite to the end (base end) connected to the first arm 41). The tip of the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected to a middle portion of the first arm 41.

Thus, in the state shown in FIG. 1 (body 30 loaded on chassis 20), the first part 41 of the movable arm 40 is lying substantially horizontally under the body 30 (second part 42 is standing substantially vertically), but when the hydraulic cylinder 43 is driven to extend it, the first arm 41 rotates upward (rotates backward) and stands up as shown in FIG. 2, and then the first arm 42 is tilted backward as shown in FIG. 3. Hereinafter, such an operation of the movable arm 40 may be referred to as the "lowering operation." This lowering operation of the movable arm 40 causes the front part of the body 30 to be lifted and pushed backward, thereby lowering the body 30 from the chassis 20.

Conversely, when the hydraulic cylinder 43 is driven to retract from the state shown in FIG. 3, the first arm 41 rotates upward (rotates forward) and rises up as shown in FIG. 2, and then the first arm 41 reclins approximately horizontally as shown in FIG. 1. Hereinafter, such a movement of the movable arm 40 may be referred to as the "loading operation." This loading operation of the movable arm 40 lifts the front of the body 30 and pulls it forward, so that the body 30 is loaded onto the chassis 20.

In the truck of this embodiment, a pair of rollers 21 are provided on the left and right sides of the rear upper surface of the chassis 20. This allows the rollers 21 to smoothly guide the bottom of the body 30 as it is being loaded and unloaded.

Wheels 31 are provided on the rear bottom surface of the body 30, and legs 32 are provided on the front bottom surface of the body 30. In the truck of this embodiment, the wheels 31 and legs 32 are provided in pairs on the left and right. Therefore, when placing the body 30 on the ground, the body 50 moves smoothly backward relative to the ground from when the rear wheels 31 of the body 30 touch the ground as shown in FIG. 2 until the front legs of the body 30 touch the ground as shown in FIG. 3, allowing the body 30 to be lowered smoothly.

Conversely, when recovering the body 30, the body 50 moves smoothly forward relative to the ground from the state shown in FIG. 3 (where the body 30 is placed on the ground) to the state shown in FIG. 2 (where the rear wheels 31 of the body 30 begin to lift off the ground), allowing the body 30 to be smoothly loaded onto the chassis 20. In addition, the legs 32 allow the body 30 to be kept horizontal after being lowered and placed on the ground. In the truck of this embodiment, the legs 32 are height adjustable. Therefore, even if the ground is inclined or uneven, the body 30 can be placed horizontally by adjusting the height of the legs 32.

4 is a perspective view showing the body 30 and the vicinity of the tip of the movable arm 40 in the detachable body type truck according to the present invention. As already mentioned, in a typical detachable body type truck, the engaging portion _α1 of the movable arm 40 is a hook, whereas in the detachable body type truck according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the engaging portion _α1 of the movable arm 40 is a cylindrical pin. Therefore, even when the engaging portion _α1 (pin) of the movable arm 40 is engaged with the engaged portion _α2 of the body 30, the engaged portion _α2 is easily rotated (horizontally rotated) in the left-right direction around the engaging portion _α1 (pin). In other words, the engaged portion _α2 is allowed to rotate smoothly horizontally around the engaging portion _α1 .

Therefore, when the steering wheel is turned while moving the truck forward or backward with the rear wheels 31 of the body 30 on the ground but the front legs 32 of the body 30 slightly off the ground (with only the front part of the body 30 slightly lifted from the state shown in Fig. 3), the body 30 turns left and right (horizontally turns) relative to the chassis 20 as shown by the arrow _A1 in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a top view of the detachable body type truck according to the present invention, showing the state in which the body 30 is turned horizontally relative to the chassis 20.

In this way, by allowing the body 30 to rotate horizontally relative to the chassis 20, it becomes possible to adjust the location and orientation of the body 30 on-site while viewing the actual state of the body 30. The installation work of the body 30 can be completed using only a truck, so heavy machinery such as a crane is not required. Therefore, the location and orientation of the body 30 can be easily adjusted.

When the body 30 is used as a temporary facility such as a temporary office, temporary store, temporary house, temporary hotel, or temporary toilet, as in the case of the truck of this embodiment, the body 30 often needs to be installed precisely in a predetermined location and in a predetermined orientation, and this system can easily accommodate such situations.

In addition, in the truck of this embodiment, the wheels 31 on the rear bottom surface of the body 30 are provided in a state in which they can turn horizontally relative to the body 30, as shown by the arrow _A2 in Fig. 5. Therefore, as described above, when adjusting the location and direction of the body 30 to be lowered (when turning the steering wheel while moving the truck forward or backward), the truck can easily turn with a small radius. In other words, the truck can easily turn. Therefore, even if the site where the body 30 is to be installed is narrow, the body 30 is easy to handle, and the installation location and direction of the body 30 can be easily adjusted.

In addition, in the detachable body type truck of this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 6(a), the locked portion _α2 of the body 30 is a bar bent in a V-shape in a plan view so that its left-right central portion protrudes forward. As shown in Fig. 6(b), this locked portion _α2 (bar) is inclined in the front-rear direction with respect to the horizontal plane so that the left-right central portion (front end _portion ) of the locked portion _α2 (bar) is higher than both left-right ends (rear end portions) of the locked portion α2 (bar). Fig. 6 shows the locked portion _α2 of the body 30 in the detachable body type truck according to the present invention, as seen from above (a) and as seen from the side (b).

For this reason, when the locking portion _α1 (pin) of the movable arm 40 is locked to the locked portion _α2 (bar) of the body 30, the locking portion _α1 (pin) is naturally guided to the left-right center (front end) of the locked portion _α2 (bar). Therefore, when the body 30 turns horizontally relative to the chassis 20, the center of rotation is less likely to shift. This makes it easier for the body 30 to turn horizontally relative to the chassis 20 more smoothly.

The bending angle θ ( FIG. 6A ) of the locked portion α ₂ (bar) is preferably 90° or more. If the bending angle θ of the locked portion α ₂ (bar) is less than 90°, it may be difficult to lock the locking portion α ₁ to the locked portion α _2. It is more preferable that the bending angle θ of the locked portion α ₂ (bar) is 100° or more. However, if the bending angle θ of the locked portion α ₂ (bar) is too large (approaching 180°), when the locking portion α ₁ (pin) of the movable arm 40 is locked to the locked portion α ₂ (bar) of the body 30, it may be difficult to smoothly guide the locking portion α ₁ (pin) to the left-right center (front end) of the locked portion α ₂ (bar). For this _reason , the bending angle θ of the locked portion α ₂ (bar) is preferably 170° or less, more preferably 160° or less, and even more preferably 150° or less.

Moreover, the inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 (FIG. 6(b)) is preferably 10° or more. If the inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 is less than 10°, the significance of inclining the locked portion _α2 in the front-rear direction is reduced. The inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 is more preferably 20° or more, and even more preferably 30° or more. However, if the inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 is too large, it may become difficult to lock the locking portion _α1 to the locked portion _α2 . For this reason, the inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 is preferably 80° or less. The inclination angle φ of the locked portion _α2 is more preferably 70° or less, and even more preferably 60° or less.

The locking portion α ₁ (pin) to be locked to the locked portion α ₂ (bar) may be formed in a simple cylindrical shape. However, in that case, if the tip of the movable arm 40 is lowered during the above-mentioned unloading operation or loading operation, the locking portion α ₁ (pin) may come off the locked portion α ₂ (bar) and the locking portion α ₁ (pin) may come off the locked portion α ₂ (bar). For this reason, in the truck of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, an enlarged diameter portion α ₃ is provided at the tip of the pin forming the locking portion α _1. For this reason, even if the locking portion α ₁ (pin) tries to sink downward relative to the locked portion α ₂ (bar), the enlarged diameter portion α ₃ is caught by the locked portion α ₂ (bar), and the locking portion α ₁ (pin) and the locked portion α ₂ (bar) are not released from the locking portion.

The portion of the second arm 42 where the locking portion α ₁ (pin) is provided (the tip end portion 42 a of the second arm 42 in FIG. 4 ) may be completely integrated with the other portion of the second arm 42 (the base end portion 42 b of the second arm 42 in FIG. 4 ). However, when the body 30 is a container for transporting waste, there are cases where it is not necessary to finely adjust the location or orientation of the body 30 (cases where it is preferable for the body 30 lowered from the chassis 20 to only move straight backwards). In such cases, if the locking portion α ₁ is a pin, the orientation of the body 30 lowered from the chassis 20 will change with the slightest movement, which is bothersome.

In this regard, in the truck of this embodiment, the tip end portion 42a of the second arm 42 is a detachable attachment that can be detached from the base end portion 42b of the second arm 42 and replaced. Therefore, if a tip end portion 42a (detachable attachment) having a shape other than a pin as the locking portion _α1 (for example, a hook that does not allow horizontal rotation) is separately prepared, the locking portion _α1 can be switched from a pin to a hook by switching the detachable attachment attached to the base end portion 42b of the second arm 42 to another one. Therefore, the shape of the locking portion _α1 can be changed depending on the type of the body 30, etc.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the wheels 31 on the rear bottom surface of the body 30 can be switched between a state in which the body 30 can turn horizontally in the direction of the arrow _A2 in Fig. 4 (unlocked state) and a state in which the body 30 cannot turn horizontally (locked state). This makes it possible to lock the wheels ₃₁ and make it difficult for the orientation of the body 30 lowered from the chassis 20 to change unintentionally when using a locking portion _α1 (hook, etc.) that does not allow the body 30 to turn horizontally in the direction of the arrow A1.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the body 30 of a detachable body type truck according to the present invention, cut along a vertical plane. In the truck of this embodiment, the inside of the body 30 is a room in which people can be active, as shown in Figure 7. The body 30 is also provided with windows, doors, etc. (see Figure 4). This room is provided with electrical equipment such as lighting 51 and an air conditioner 52. An electrical outlet 53 is also provided. Therefore, the body 30 can be comfortably used as a temporary facility such as a temporary office, temporary store, temporary house, temporary hotel, or temporary toilet.

The above-mentioned electrical devices 51, 52 and the electrical outlet 53 may be supplied with power from a commercial power source. However, the body 30 is assumed to be installed in a mountain or a riverbed, and is not necessarily installed in a place where a commercial power source can be obtained. For this reason, in the truck of this embodiment, power is supplied from a power generation means 54 provided in the body 30. Examples of the power generation means 54 include a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device. A battery 55 is also attached to the body 30, so that power can be used even at night. The temporary facility provided by the body 30 is an "off-grid" type that can cover power by self-generation without using the power grid from the power company. In addition, the temporary facility provided by the body 30 is not considered a building under the law, and is treated as a part of the vehicle. For this reason, it can be easily installed without constructing a foundation, and is not subject to fixed asset tax.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Cabin 20 Chassis 21 Roller 30 Body 31 Wheel 32 Leg 40 Movable arm 41 First arm 42 Second arm 42a Tip end portion of second arm 42b Base end portion of second arm 43 Hydraulic cylinder 51 Lighting 52 Air conditioner 53 Electrical outlet 54 Solar power generation device (power generation means)
55 Battery
_A1: Direction in which the body rotates horizontally A2 _: Direction in which the wheels on the rear bottom surface of the body rotate horizontally α1 _: Locking portion _α2: Locked portion _α3: Enlarged diameter portion

Claims (4)

The cabin and
A chassis extending rearward from the bottom of the cabin;
The body is loaded onto the top of the chassis,
A movable arm provided on the chassis,
A detachable body type truck in which a body can be loaded onto or unloaded from a chassis by driving a movable arm in a state in which a locking portion provided at a tip of the movable arm is locked with a locking portion provided at a front part of the body,
Wheels are provided on the rear bottom surface of the body in a horizontally rotatable state ,
The engaging portion of the movable arm is a cylindrical pin having an enlarged diameter portion at its tip ,
The locked portion of the body is a bar bent into a V shape in a plan view so that the center of the left and right direction protrudes forward.
A truck with a detachable body.
2. A truck with a detachable body according to claim 1 , further comprising height-adjustable legs provided on the front bottom surface of the body.
3. A truck with a detachable body according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the periphery of the tip end of the movable arm including the engaging portion is formed as a detachable attachment that can be detached from the other portion of the movable arm.
4. A truck with a detachable body according to claim 1 , wherein the body can be used as a temporary facility.

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