JP7458594B2 - Total station fixing jig and surveying method using total station - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fixture for a total station that measures distances and angles between a survey reference point and a survey target point, and a surveying method using the total station.

As disclosed in Patent Document 1, automatic tracking total stations are used at various construction sites such as tunnel construction and mountain retaining construction. Automatic tracking type total stations can perform distance and angle measurements with a single instrument. For example, in the propulsion method, they can be installed at predetermined intervals in the propulsion pipe and sequentially conduct open traverse survey of the total stations. , the location of the excavator and the burial status of the propulsion pipe can be managed.

On the other hand, as described in Patent Document 1, in a propulsion tunnel with a sharp curve, the visible distance inside the propulsion pipe is short, making it difficult to sight the excavator or the target inside the propulsion pipe from the total station in the shaft. There is a place where you can put it away.

Some total stations have built-in automatic leveling devices to automatically maintain levelness, but there is a limit to the range in which leveling can be automatically maintained. Therefore, in order to keep the total station horizontal at all times in response to the inclination angle of the propulsion tube array that changes as the propulsion progresses, the total station is mounted on a hanging type (pendulum type) installation stand that is freely suspended inside the propulsion tube. It is stated that.

This hanging-type installation stand has an issue in that the hanging rotation shaft is simply supported so that it can rotate freely, so it takes a considerable amount of time to ensure the verticality of the surveying instrument and bring it from a swinging state to a stationary state, making it difficult to carry out measurement work quickly. To address this issue, Patent Document 1 provides a brake and damper on the rotation shaft of the surveying instrument installation stand, which works to quickly converge the swing of the surveying instrument that accompanies excavation.

In addition, Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe how to measure four known points that are not on the same plane from the total station so that accurate measurements can be made even if changes such as tilt or parallel movement occur after the total station is installed. A surveying method that can correct positional deviations is disclosed.

JP 2006-133213 A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-223527 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-22442

However, since the survey instrument installation stand disclosed in Patent Document 1 utilizes the principle of a pendulum, it cannot be attached to a vertical surface such as a wall surface or a column surface, or a surface close to the vertical surface. For this reason, vertical collimation is also not possible. Furthermore, the known surveying methods disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3 in which positional deviations are corrected by measuring four points from a total station are also assumed to be used with the total station installed in a nearly horizontal state.

The present invention aims to provide a fixture for a total station that allows the total station to be used normally even when installed on a nearly vertical surface, and a surveying method using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, a total station fixing jig of the present invention is a total station fixing jig that measures distance and angle between a survey reference point and a survey target point, and the total station includes: a base part, a pedestal mounted rotatably around a first axis extending from the base part, and rotatable around a second axis provided on the pedestal so as to be orthogonal to the first axis. and a pedestal part for fixing the base part to the installation surface, and an end part fixed directly or indirectly to the installation surface, and a telescope part attached to the installation surface. A frame portion that is extended to a position that extends to cover the top of the mount so as not to impede movement of the mount and the telescope portion, and the frame portion that is located at a position facing the first axis have the same axis. and a support shaft portion that is attached to and rotatably supports the top portion.

Here, an end portion of the frame portion may be connected to the pedestal portion. Furthermore, the base section may be attached to the pedestal section via a leveling section for leveling. Further, the frame portion may be formed in a substantially gate shape or a substantially L shape. The support shaft portion may include a bearing portion provided in the frame portion, a shaft portion pivotally supported by the bearing portion, and a connecting portion for attaching an end portion of the shaft portion to the top portion. can do.

The invention of a surveying method using a total station is a surveying method using a total station fixing jig according to any of the above, wherein the fixing jig is mounted on the installation surface that is inclined or perpendicular to the horizontal. It is characterized by comprising the steps of fixing, measuring four or more of the survey reference points with the total station attached to the fixing jig, and measuring the survey target point with the total station. .

The total station fixing jig of the present invention configured as described above is used to mount a total station that performs distance measurement and angle measurement between a survey reference point and a survey target point. In short, the pedestal part for fixing the base part of the total station to the installation surface, the frame part provided so as not to obstruct the movement of the mount and telescope part of the total station, and the axis of rotation of the total station are the same. and a support shaft portion that is attached to the base so as to rotatably support the top of the pedestal.

Therefore, even if the total station is tilted sideways, the top of the pedestal is rotatably supported by the support shaft attached to the frame, minimizing the increase in load on the mechanical parts originally installed in the total station. Therefore, the total station can continue to be used normally as in the case of vertical installation.

In addition, if the invention is a surveying method using a total station, the total station can be installed via a fixing jig on an installation surface that is inclined to the horizontal or perpendicular to the horizontal. measurement can be continued normally.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a state in which a fixing jig of the total station according to the present embodiment is attached. FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating the configuration of a fixing jig of the total station according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a side view taken in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 2; 3 is a bottom view seen in the direction of the arrow BB in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a side view seen in the direction of arrow CC in FIG. 2. FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a movable range of a total station attached to a fixing jig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating each step of a surveying method using a total station according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method of surveying a survey target point using four survey reference points. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an installation state of a fixing jig of the total station of the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic diagram of a surveying method using a total station according to the first embodiment; FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a state in which a fixing jig of the total station according to the second embodiment is attached.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the mounting state of the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment. Also, Figures 2 to 5 are front, side, and bottom views for explaining the configuration of the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1.

The total station 1 attached to the fixture 2 of this embodiment is a surveying instrument used to measure distances and angles between a survey reference point and a survey target point. The total station 1 can measure the distance, horizontal angle, and altitude angle to a target reflective object by irradiating the target reflective object with light emitted from a visible light semiconductor laser light source.

The total station 1 includes a base unit 111 (see FIG. 11), a leveling unit 11 that is attached to the base unit 111 for leveling, a mount 12 that is rotatably mounted relative to the base unit 111, and a telescope unit 13 that is rotatably mounted to the mount 12.

The leveling unit 11 includes a leveling screw for performing a leveling operation of aligning the vertical axis of the surveying instrument with the vertical direction and aligning the center of the instrument with the measurement target. Note that the base portion 111 and the leveling portion 11 may have a structure that can be freely separated or may be an integral structure.

The pedestal 12, which is adjusted to be horizontal by the leveling part 11, is attached to the base part 111 so that it can rotate horizontally about a vertical axis that is a first axis extending from the base part 111. Pivotally supported.

An operation input section having a display section is attached to the pedestal 12, and measured values of the distance and angle to the object to be measured are displayed on the display section. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a second axis (horizontal axis) is provided between the pair of pillars of the pedestal 12 formed in a portal shape so as to be orthogonal to the first axis (vertical axis). The telescope section 13 is attached rotatably around the center. A top portion 121 of the pedestal 12 is provided above the telescope portion 13, which is used as a hanger or the like.

In the telescope section 13, which can rotate vertically within a space surrounded by a pair of pillars of the mount 12 and the top section 121, the emitted light from the visible light semiconductor laser light source is focused and adjusted by a focusing lens and then emitted. , the reflected light reflected by the target reflecting object is made incident on the objective lens. The reflected light focused by the objective lens is guided to a light receiving element and photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal. Then, this electrical signal is amplified, waveform converted, and processed by an electrical circuit and a microcomputer, and is output as a distance measurement value.

In short, the total station 1 attached to the fixture 2 of this embodiment is a known surveying instrument that is installed vertically and used. The configuration of this total station 1 can be used with any general-purpose surveying instrument.

The fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment allows a general-purpose surveying instrument that is intended to be installed and used vertically to not work properly even if it is installed on a nearly vertical installation surface. This is a jig to enable use.

FIG. 1 shows a state in which the total station 1 is installed via a fixing jig 2 on a wall surface M, such as a column surface or a retaining wall, which is a vertical installation surface. When the total station 1 is used horizontally in this way, the above-mentioned horizontal rotation is in the first rotation direction R1, and vertical rotation is in the second rotation direction R2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment does not inhibit the movement of the pedestal section 21 fixed to the lower surface of the leveling section 11 of the total station 1, the pedestal 12, and the telescope section 13. It is mainly composed of a frame part 3 which is extended to cover the top part 121 of the pedestal 12, and a support shaft part 4 which rotatably supports the top part 121.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the base portion 21 has a protruding bottom portion 211 for fixing to the wall surface M with anchor bolts 23 or the like. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the pedestal part 21 can be fixed to the wall surface M by driving the anchor bolt 23 in a state where the flange-shaped bottom surface portion 211 is pressed against the wall surface M.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a fixing bolt 22 that can be screwed into a screw hole in the leveling unit 11 of the total station 1 is attached to this base 21. In other words, the total station 1 is attached to the base 21 using a screw hole that was originally provided in the leveling unit 11 for mounting to the head of a tripod. In other words, the base 111 of the total station 1 is attached to the base 21 via the leveling unit 11.

In the fixing jig 2 of this embodiment, a frame portion 3 having a substantially gate shape in side view is attached to the pedestal portion 21 . In short, the frame portion 3 is indirectly fixed to the wall surface M, which is the installation surface, via the pedestal portion 21. In detail, as shown in FIG. It is provided with a horizontal frame part 32 connecting the end parts of.

The lower frame portion 31 and the upper frame portion 33, which are arranged vertically in parallel, are formed of members having a U-shape in cross section, for example, as shown in FIG. Further, the lower frame portion 31 and the upper frame portion 33 are joined to the pedestal portion 21 using a joining screw 34 or the like.

On the other hand, the horizontal frame part 32 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and is joined to the ends of the lower frame part 31 and the upper frame part 33 with joint screws 34 or the like. A support shaft portion 4 is provided at the center of this horizontal frame portion 32.

As shown in FIG. 2, the support shaft portion 4 includes a bearing portion 42 provided on the horizontal frame portion 32 of the frame portion 3, a shaft portion 41 supported by the bearing portion 42, and a connecting portion 43 for attaching the end of the shaft portion 41 to the top portion 121.

The bearing part 42 is a bearing for accurately and smoothly rotating the shaft part 41, which is inserted perpendicularly thereto, around the axis. The end of the shaft portion 41 that is not supported by the bearing portion 42 is inserted into a hole in the top portion 121 of the pedestal 12 of the total station 1 and fixed to the top portion 121 with a nut or the like. The structure for fixing to this top portion 121 becomes the connecting portion 43.

The total station 1 attached to the fixing jig 2 in this manner can be rotated 360 degrees in any direction on the pedestal 21 in the first rotation direction R1, as shown in FIG. That is, the original horizontal rotation (movement) of the total station 1 is not hindered by the fixing jig 2. Further, the original vertical rotation (movement) performed inside the pedestal 12 of the total station 1 is not inhibited by the fixing jig 2.

Next, a surveying method using the total station 1 using the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
First, in step S1, the pedestal portion 21 of the fixing jig 2 is fixed to a wall surface M that is inclined or vertical with respect to the horizontal, such as a retaining wall, using an anchor bolt or the like.

Subsequently, in step S2, the total station 1 is attached to the fixing jig 2 using the fixing bolts 22 of the pedestal section 21. The total station 1 may be attached to the fixture 2 before it is fixed to the wall M.

Then, a survey is performed using a total station 1 installed on the wall M. Here, a case where a survey is performed using four or more survey reference points is described. Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method for surveying two survey target points using four survey reference points.

This surveying method uses total station 1 to measure four or more reference points in space (survey reference points) each having known coordinate values, corrects the attitude of total station 1 itself using a special algorithm, and then This method calculates the coordinates of the target point) using the reference point coordinate system (absolute coordinate system). In short, this is a measurement method that does not require the total station 1 to be installed vertically as in conventional surveying methods.

As shown in Fig. 8, the reference point has local absolute coordinate values (x, y, z) in advance, and the total station 1 calculates the horizontal angle H, vertical angle V, and slope distance L from the reference point (survey standard). It is measured as the survey value of the survey point) and the survey point (point to be surveyed).

Then, the three-dimensional known coordinate matrix of the four reference points is converted from the measured values measured by the total station 1 into simple orthogonal coordinates to obtain the measured coordinate values of the reference points. Subsequently, for the survey points as well, the three-dimensional coordinate values are simply converted to obtain a survey point coordinate value matrix, and the absolute coordinate values of each survey point are calculated. As a result of these calculations, the installation coordinate values of the total station 1 can be determined.

In short, the total station 1 attached to the fixture 2 measures four or more survey reference points in step S3. Subsequently, in step S4, for example, two survey target points are measured. Then, by calculating these survey values using the calculation method described above, the installation coordinate values of the total station 1 and the coordinate values of the survey target point are calculated (step S5).

Next, the operation of the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment and the surveying method using the total station 1 will be explained.
The fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 of this embodiment configured as described above is used to mount the total station 1 that performs distance measurement and angle measurement between a survey reference point and a survey target point.

This fixing jig 2 includes a pedestal part 21 fixed to the lower surface of the leveling part 11 of the total station 1, a frame part 3 provided so as not to obstruct the movement of the pedestal 12 and the telescope part 13 of the total station 1, and The support shaft part 4 is attached so that its axis is the same as the rotation axis (rotation axis in the first rotation direction R1) and rotatably supports the top part 121 of the pedestal 12.

Therefore, even if the total station 1 is tilted to a nearly horizontal state, the top part 121 of the pedestal 12 is rotatably supported by the support shaft part 4 attached to the frame part 3. The increase in load on the rotation mechanism can be suppressed as much as possible, and the total station 1 can continue to be used normally as in the case of vertical installation.

In other words, the general-purpose total station 1 is originally designed to be installed vertically, and if it is used tilted so that its center of gravity exceeds the end of the leveling unit 11, the weight of the mount 12 and telescope unit 13 will place a greater-than-anticipated load on the rotating mechanism and other mechanical parts. If it is continued to be used with such an unexpected load acting on it, there is a risk that the mechanical parts will be damaged or that normal surveying will no longer be possible.

On the other hand, if the top part 121 of the pedestal 12 of the total station 1 is supported by the support shaft part 4 of the fixing jig 2 so as to be able to freely rotate in the first rotation direction R1, the additional load can be supported. The load is borne by the fixing jig 2 via the shaft portion 4, and damage such as wear to the mechanical portion originally included in the total station 1 can be prevented.

The frame 3 of the fixture 2 on which the support shaft 4 is mounted is roughly gate-shaped when viewed from the side, and its end is connected to the base 21, resulting in a highly rigid shape together with the base 21, which can reliably support the opposite side of the leveling part 11 of the total station 1 that protrudes from the wall M or column surface. In addition, by making the support shaft 4 a bearing with a bearing structure, it becomes easy to rotate the total station 1 in the first rotation direction R1 smoothly and accurately.

In addition, with the surveying method using the total station 1 of this embodiment, the total station 1 can be installed in various situations by installing it via the fixing jig 2 on an installation surface that is inclined to the horizontal or on an installation surface that is perpendicular to the horizontal. Under this condition, the measurement of the survey target point can be continued normally.

Hereinafter, a fixing jig 2A of Embodiment 1, which is different from the fixing jig 2 of the total station 1 described in the above embodiment, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Note that the same terminology or the same reference numerals will be used to describe parts that are the same or equivalent to those described in the above embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 9, the fixing jig 2A of the total station 1 described in the first embodiment is not provided with a member corresponding to the upper frame portion 33 of the fixing jig 2 described in the embodiment. That is, the frame portion 3A is provided only on the lower half side of the total station 1.

Since the fixing jig 2A of the first embodiment has a frame section 3A only on the lower half side, the pedestal section 21A is also provided up to the height of the fixing bolt 22 that attaches the leveling section 11 of the total station 1. That's fine.

The frame portion 3A includes a lower frame portion 31 having one end connected to the pedestal portion 21A, and a horizontal frame portion 32A connected to the other end of the lower frame portion 31. This horizontal frame portion 32A may also be provided up to the height of the support shaft portion 4 fixed to the top portion 121 of the pedestal 12 of the total station 1. In short, the top portion 121 of the pedestal 12 is supported by the lower frame portion 31 that extends like a cantilever.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a surveying method using the fixing jig 2A of Example 1. Since the frame portion 3A of the fixing jig 2A of the first embodiment has no part on the upper half side that would obstruct collimation by the telescope portion 13, all positions above can be collimated. Note that even with the fixing jig 2 described in the above embodiment, by rotating it by 90 degrees and installing it so that the frame portion 3 looks gate-shaped in a plan view, all positions above and below can be seen. be able to comply.

Therefore, the four reference points 1-4 near the mouth of the shaft T can be used as surveying reference points with known three-dimensional coordinates, and surveying can be carried out using the calculation method described above. Then, as the points to be surveyed, two points on the bottom of the shaft T that can be sighted even with the lower frame 31 in place can be used as reference points 5 and 6. Point P can be placed on the bottom of the shaft T from the two reference points 5 and 6, whose absolute coordinate values have been newly determined through such surveying.

The fixing jig 2A of the total station 1 of the first embodiment configured as described above is formed in a frame portion 3A that is approximately L-shaped in side view and has an open upper half. Therefore, the upper half of the total station 1 can be surveyed at all angles without any restrictions. Further, by forming the frame portion 3A into a substantially L-shape when viewed from the side, the frame portion 3A can have fewer constituent members.

This type of surveying method allows a single worker to carry out a highly accurate survey in an extremely short amount of time compared to the conventional surveying method using a plumb bob, which was carried out by multiple workers in the shaft T. be able to.
Note that the other configurations and effects of Example 1 are substantially the same as those of the embodiment described above, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, a fixing jig 2B of a second embodiment, which is different from the fixing jigs 2 and 2A of the total station 1 described in the embodiment and the first embodiment, will be explained with reference to FIG. Note that parts that are the same or equivalent to those described in the embodiment or Example 1 will be described using the same terminology or the same reference numerals.

The total station 1 with the leveling part 11 separated and the base part 111 exposed is attached to the fixture 2B of the total station 1 described in the second embodiment. That is, the pedestal part 21B is directly attached to the base part 111, and the pedestal part 21B is fixed to the wall surface M, which is the installation surface, by welding, anchor bolts, or the like.

On the other hand, in the frame portion 3B, the end portion of the lower frame portion 31B and the end portion of the upper frame portion 33B are directly fixed to the wall surface M serving as the installation surface. For example, the end portion of the lower frame portion 31B is fixed to the wall surface M with the anchor bolt 23, and the end portion of the upper frame portion 33B is also fixed to the wall surface M with the anchor bolt 23. In short, the pedestal part 21B and the frame part 3B are provided as separate bodies.

Even the total station 1 with the leveling part 11 removed in this way can be easily attached to a pillar surface, wall surface M, etc. using the fixing jig 2B of the second embodiment.
Note that the other configurations and effects of the second embodiment are substantially the same as those of the embodiment or the first embodiment, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments and examples, and design changes can be made to the extent that they do not depart from the gist of the present invention. are included in the present invention.

For example, although not particularly described in the embodiments and examples, the total station 1 is an automatic tracking type total station, and the automatic tracking survey is repeatedly performed while attached to the fixing jigs 2, 2A, and 2B. It may be.

Further, in the embodiments and examples, the linear lower frame portions 31, 31B and the upper frame portions 33, 33B are illustrated and explained, but the present invention is not limited to this. The frame portion can have various shapes as long as the required rigidity can be ensured, such as a circular arc or an arch shape.

Further, in the first embodiment, the fixing jig 2A is described as having a frame portion 3A having a substantially L-shape in side view with an open upper half, but the fixing jig 2A is not limited to this, and the lower half is open. It is also possible to use a fixing jig having a frame portion that is approximately L-shaped in side view.

Furthermore, in the above embodiments and examples, a case has been described in which the total station 1 is used horizontally in mountain retaining work or surveying in a vertical shaft T. By using the fixing jig of the present invention, which can be tilted in any direction, it is possible to achieve high accuracy and efficiency even when surveying a structure that draws a circumferential trajectory with respect to a vertical plane. You will be able to carry out accurate measurements.

1: Total station 11: Leveling section 111: Base section 12: Frame 121: Top section 13: Telescope section 2, 2A, 2B: Fixing jig 21, 21A, 21B: Pedestal section 3, 3A, 3B: Frame section 4: Support shaft part 41 : Shaft part 42 : Bearing part 43 : Connection part M : Wall surface (installation surface)
R1: First rotation direction (direction of rotation around the first axis)
R2: Second rotation direction (direction of rotation around the second axis)

Claims (6)

A fixing jig for a total station that measures distances and angles between a survey reference point and a survey target point,
The total station includes a base, a pedestal mounted rotatably around a first axis extending from the base, and a second axis provided on the pedestal so as to be perpendicular to the first axis. It has a telescope section rotatably attached to the center,
a pedestal portion for fixing the base portion to an installation surface;
a frame portion having an end fixed directly or indirectly to the installation surface and extending to a position covering the top of the pedestal so as not to inhibit movement of the pedestal and the telescope;
A fixing jig for a total station, comprising: a support shaft part that is attached to the frame part at a position facing the first shaft so that the axes thereof are the same, and rotatably supports the top part. The fixture for a total station according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the frame is connected to the base. 3. The total station fixing jig according to claim 1, wherein the base part is attached to the pedestal part via a leveling part for leveling. The total station fixing jig according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the frame portion is formed in a substantially gate shape or a substantially L shape. The support shaft portion includes a bearing portion provided in the frame portion, a shaft portion pivotally supported by the bearing portion, and a connecting portion for attaching an end portion of the shaft portion to the top portion. The total station fixing jig according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A surveying method using a total station using the total station fixing jig according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
fixing the fixing jig to the installation surface that is inclined or perpendicular to the horizontal;
measuring four or more of the survey reference points using the total station attached to the fixture;
A surveying method using a total station, comprising the step of measuring the survey target point using the total station.