JP7442999B2 - Grinding unit and multi-tasking machine equipped with it - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a grinding unit configured to be attachable to a machine tool, and a multitasking machine equipped with this grinding unit.

Conventionally, grinding has generally been performed using a grinder (grinding device), which is a dedicated machine tool. For example, a cylindrical grinder is used to grind the outer peripheral surface of a shaft-shaped workpiece, and a surface grinder is used to grind the flat surface of the workpiece. Further, the grinding of the thread groove formed on the screw shaft is performed by a dedicated thread grinder (see Patent Document 1 below). Each grinder uses a grindstone suitable for its processing.

On the other hand, a lathe is used to rotate and turn a workpiece, and a machining center or the like is used to perform a cutting process such as plane cutting or drilling on a workpiece using a rotating tool. Furthermore, in recent years, multi-tasking processing machines (multi-tasking machines) that have both the functions of a lathe and a machining center have been proposed. This multitasking machine is equipped with a workpiece spindle that grips and rotates the workpiece, and a tool spindle that holds and rotates the tool, and can perform turning operations by rotating the workpiece spindle, as well as turning operations by rotating the tool spindle. Multiple machining processes such as flat surface machining, curved surface machining, and drilling can be performed.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-28864

By the way, the above-mentioned multitasking machine is a processing-intensive processing machine that can perform multiple processing steps with one processing machine, and can reduce the number of handling operations related to mounting and removing the workpiece. As a result, the total machining time can be reduced compared to when machining is performed using different machines for each process, and it is possible to prevent cumulative deterioration of machining accuracy due to repeated handling. It has merits.

Therefore, if this multi-tasking machine can be used to perform grinding processes such as cylindrical grinding and surface grinding, as well as cutting processes such as turning, surface cutting, and drilling, the total processing time mentioned above can be shortened. Moreover, it is possible to prevent cumulative deterioration of processing accuracy, which is beneficial.

For example, when machining a screw shaft, turning the outer circumference and end face of a shaft-shaped workpiece, turning a thread groove on a coaxial workpiece, grinding the outer circumference and end face of a shaft-like workpiece after hardening, and thread groove processing. However, it would be convenient if such processing steps could be performed using the multi-tasking machine.

However, with the multitasking machine, although turning can be performed without any problems, grinding must be performed with the grinding wheel (grinding tool) rotated around the axis of the tool spindle. Therefore, there were naturally limits to the processing to which it could be applied. For example, when grinding the thread groove of the screw shaft, it is necessary to rotate the tool spindle so that the rotation axis of the disc-shaped grinding wheel is almost parallel to the axis of the shaft-shaped workpiece. When the tool spindle is rotated, there is a high possibility that the tool spindle will interfere with other structures during machining operations, so many multitasking machines have not been able to realize such machining.

In this case, if the grinding wheel can be rotated around a unique rotational axis different from the rotational axis of the tool spindle, for example, the unique rotational axis can be orthogonal to the rotational axis of the tool spindle. When grinding the thread groove, it is now possible to grind the thread groove by not rotating the tool spindle at all or by rotating the tool spindle by a small angle, making it possible to grind the thread groove. It is possible to realize a variety of processing using . However, conventionally, a grinding tool with such a configuration has not existed.

The present invention was made in view of this background, and provides a grinding unit capable of rotating a grinding wheel around a unique rotation axis different from the rotation axis of the tool spindle, and a complex machining system equipped with the same. Its purpose is to provide machinery.

The present invention for solving the above problems includes a rotating shaft, a housing that rotatably supports the rotating shaft with one end thereof extending outside, and a housing that is attached to the one end of the rotating shaft. The present invention relates to a grinding unit including a grinding wheel having a diameter of 100 mm, a rotor attached to the rotating shaft, and a stator held by the housing so as to be located radially outward of the rotor.

According to the grinding unit having this configuration, by supplying power to the stator from the outside, the rotor, the rotating shaft to which the rotor is attached, and the grinding wheel attached to the one end of the rotating shaft are operated. Rotates around the axis of rotation. Therefore, by appropriately mounting this grinding unit on a machine tool, it is possible to grind a workpiece as appropriate using the grinding unit, for example, regardless of the rotation axis of the tool spindle of the machine tool. Thus, with this grinding unit, a variety of machining operations can be realized in the machine tool to which it is installed.

Preferably, the grinding unit includes a held portion on the outer surface of the housing, which is held by a tool spindle of a machine tool. According to this aspect, the grinding unit can be attached to the tool spindle of the machine tool via the held portion provided on the outer surface of the grinding unit. By attaching the grinding unit to the tool spindle in this way, the grinding unit can be moved freely within the movable area of the tool spindle, realizing a variety of machining allowed by the machine tool. I can do it.

The grinding unit of this aspect can be installed in a multi-tasking machine that includes at least a tool spindle that holds and rotates a tool, and a work spindle that grips and rotates a workpiece, and in this case, the multi-tasking machine Preferably, the grinding device includes a holding mechanism for holding the grinding unit.

By attaching the grinding unit to a multi-tasking machine, for example, it becomes possible to perform turning of screw shafts, cutting of thread grooves, and grinding of thread grooves with one multi-tasking machine, thereby consolidating the machining process. can be achieved. By consolidating the machining steps in this way, the total machining time can be shortened, and it is also possible to prevent cumulative deterioration of machining accuracy. In addition, since the grinding wheel can be rotated around its own rotation axis that is different from the rotation axis of the tool spindle, for example, by making the rotation axis of the grinding unit orthogonal to the rotation axis of the tool spindle, When grinding the thread groove, the tool spindle is not rotated at all, or the tool spindle is rotated by a small angle, so that the thread groove can be ground. The thread groove can be ground without causing interference with the structure.

In addition, by providing a holding mechanism that holds the grinding unit, when the grinding unit is not in use, it is kept on standby by this holding mechanism, and when the grinding unit is used, the grinding unit held by the holding mechanism is Can be attached to the tool spindle. By doing so, the grinding unit can be easily attached to and detached from the tool spindle.

Further, it is preferable that the multitasking machine includes a rotary dresser for modifying the shape of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel. In this case, the multitasking machine preferably includes an eddy current sensor that detects that the grinding wheel is in a correction position where it contacts the rotary dresser and corrects the shape of its grinding surface. Further, it is preferable that the grinding wheel be positioned at the corrected position based on the detection result of the eddy current sensor. By employing such an aspect, the shape of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel can be modified efficiently and with high precision.

By appropriately installing the grinding unit in a machine tool, the grinding unit according to the present invention can grind a workpiece as appropriate, regardless of the rotation axis of the tool spindle of the machine tool. A wide variety of machining can be achieved using machine tools.

In particular, if this grinding unit is installed on a multi-tasking machine, the machining process can be further integrated than before, and by consolidating the machining process in this way, the total machining time can be shortened. In addition, it is possible to prevent cumulative deterioration of processing accuracy.

In addition, since the grinding wheel can be rotated around its own rotation axis that is different from the rotation axis of the tool spindle, for example, by making the rotation axis of the grinding unit orthogonal to the rotation axis of the tool spindle, When grinding the thread groove, it is possible to grind the thread groove by not rotating the tool spindle at all or by rotating the tool spindle by a small angle, so that the tool spindle and other parts can be ground. The thread grinding can be performed without causing interference with the structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main configuration of a composite processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of machining a screw shaft using the multitasking apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of machining a screw shaft using the multitasking apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3. FIG. It is a sectional view showing a grinding unit concerning this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a storage device for a grinding unit according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining how to use the grinding unit according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining how to use the grinding unit according to the present embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining operation of a storage device concerning this embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining operation of a storage device concerning this embodiment. It is a perspective view showing a steady rest unit concerning this embodiment. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow BB direction in FIG. 11. FIG. 12 is a perspective view seen from the direction of arrow C in FIG. 11. FIG. It is a perspective view showing a chuck concerning this embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing gripping claws of the chuck according to the present embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining operation of a chuck concerning this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cover body that houses the sizing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a part of the sizing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan cross-sectional view showing a sizing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view showing a sizing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a portion where a rotary dresser according to the present embodiment is provided. It is an explanatory view for explaining shape modification of a grinding wheel using a rotary dresser concerning this embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining shape modification of a grinding wheel using a point dresser concerning this embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining shape modification of a grinding wheel using a point dresser concerning this embodiment. It is an explanatory view for explaining a processing method using a grinding wheel concerning this embodiment. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which the screw shaft measuring device according to the present embodiment is placed at a measurement position. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of a screw axis measuring device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a screw axis measuring device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a measuring method in the screw shaft measuring device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a measuring method in a screw shaft measuring device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 29. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main structure of a multi-tasking apparatus of this example, which is an NC machine tool configured to be able to process a screw shaft. In addition, although the screw shaft of a ball screw will be described below as an object to be machined, the object that can be processed by the multitasking apparatus of this example is not limited to this. In particular, various types of screw shafts such as trapezoidal screws in addition to ball screws can be processed as the screw shafts. Furthermore, hereinafter, the material for manufacturing the screw shaft will be referred to as a shaft-like workpiece.

The multitasking apparatus 1 of this example includes a multitasking machine 2, a control device 3, a sizing device 90, and a screw axis measuring device 110. The details of each part will be explained below.
[Multi-tasking machine]
<Basic configuration of multi-tasking machine>
The multi-tasking machine 2 includes a bed (not shown) and a column (not shown) disposed on the bed (not shown) so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction shown in FIG. , is a general-purpose processing machine comprising a first headstock 8, a second headstock 10, a tool rest 15, etc., which are also arranged on a bed (not shown), and further includes a second headstock 10. It includes a storage device 60 and the like arranged above.

<Tool spindle>
The column (not shown) holds a quill 6 movably in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and the quill 6 is provided with a tool spindle 7, and the tool spindle 7 includes a grinding unit 40 and other parts. Various tools are installed. The grinding unit 40 is housed in the housing device 60, and is attached to and detached from the tool spindle 7 by a predetermined operation. Further, tools other than the grinding unit 40 are stored in a tool magazine (not shown) provided at an appropriate position, and a tool changer is provided at a tool change position near the tool magazine (not shown). (not shown), the tool is attached to and detached from the tool spindle 7. Further, the tool main shaft 7 is held by the quill 6 so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the Y-axis.

<Headstock>
The first headstock 8 rotatably holds the first spindle 9 and is equipped with a drive motor for rotating the first spindle 9. Similarly, the second headstock 10 rotatably holds the second spindle 11. The second main shaft 10 is held in place, and a drive motor for rotating the second main shaft 10 is provided inside. The first headstock 8 and the second headstock 10 are arranged so that they face each other and the axes of the first spindle 9 and the second spindle 11 are coaxial, and the second headstock 10 is The first headstock 8 can move forward and backward in the Z-axis direction.

<Chuck>
A first chuck 20 is attached to the first spindle 9, and a second chuck 25 is attached to the second spindle 11, and these first chuck 20 and second chuck 25 allow the axial workpiece W to be grasp. Note that the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25 have the same configuration. Therefore, in the following, the configuration of the first chuck 20 will be explained as a representative, and the corresponding components of the second chuck 25 will be given their reference numerals in parentheses.

As shown in FIG. 14, the first chuck 20 (25) includes a chuck body 21 (26) and a tailstock shaft 24 provided at the center of the chuck body 21 (26) so as to protrude from the front end surface of the chuck body 21 (26). (29), and three gripping claws 22 (27) arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction so as to protrude from the front end surface of the chuck body 21 (26). This gripping claw 22 (27) is configured to move forward and backward in the direction along the central axis of the chuck body 21 (26) by a drive mechanism (not shown), and when advanced (closed), it advances to the forward end. Afterwards, it is configured to swing in a direction approaching the central axis to grip the shaft-like workpiece W, and when retracting (opening), it swings radially outward from the central shaft to grasp the shaft-like workpiece W. After releasing the grip on W, it is configured to retreat to the retreat end in the direction along the central axis.

Thus, according to the first chuck 20 (25), the gripping claws 22 (27) swing toward the central axis of the chuck body 21 (26), so that the shaft-like workpiece W is attached to the chuck body 21. (26) is held so as to be pulled toward the end surface side. Such a gripping operation makes it possible to process the shaft-shaped workpiece W with high dimensional accuracy.

The gripping surface 23 (28) of each of the gripping claws 22 (27) is formed in an arc shape according to the outer diameter of the shaft-shaped workpiece W to be gripped, and is sequentially shaped in a direction away from the end surface of the chuck body 21 (26). It consists of a plurality of gripping surfaces (in this example, four gripping surfaces 23a-23d (28a-28d)) provided at shifted positions. Each of the gripping surfaces 23a to 23d (28a to 28d) is inclined radially outward with respect to the central axis of the chuck body 21 (26) when each gripping claw 22 (27) is in an open state. The gripping surface 23a (28a) closest to the end surface of the chuck body 21 (26) is the gripping surface that has the smallest inclination angle with respect to the central axis of the chuck body 21 (26) and is away from the end surface of the chuck body 21 (26). The larger the inclination angle is set, and the farthest gripping surface 23d (28d) has the largest inclination angle.

Furthermore, each of the gripping surfaces 23a to 23d (28a to 28d) has a curvature that gradually differs in the direction away from the end surface of the chuck body 21 (26), and the gripping surface 23a that is closest to the end surface of the chuck body 21 (26) (28a) has the smallest curvature, and the farther the gripping surface is from the end face of the chuck book 21 (26), the larger its curvature, and the farthest gripping surface 23d (28d) has the largest curvature. .

Thus, in the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25 of this example having the above configuration, one type of gripping claws 22 and 27 can grip axial workpieces W having four different outer diameters. According to the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25, the number of gripping claws to be prepared can be reduced compared to the conventional one, and as a result, the equipment related to the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25 can be reduced. It is possible to reduce costs, reduce the complexity of management, and achieve efficient operation. Furthermore, since the number of times the gripping claws 22 (27) are replaced in accordance with the outer diameter of the shaft-shaped workpiece W is reduced, setup time can be reduced, and machining time can accordingly be reduced.

In addition, in the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25, the tips of the tailstock shafts 24 and 29 are inserted into the center holes drilled on both end surfaces of the axial workpiece W, so that the axial workpiece W can be moved. In the held state, the end portion of the shaft-shaped workpiece W can be gripped by the gripping claws 22 and 27.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, a first point dresser 32 and a second point dresser 33 are attached to the end surface of the first chuck 20 near the outer periphery. The first point dresser 32 is arranged so that its shaft section is inclined toward the central axis of the first chuck 20, and the second point dresser 33 has its shaft section extending outward in the radial direction of the first chuck 20. The shape of the grinding wheel _TG is modified by the diamond provided at the tip of each shaft portion.

The grinding wheel _TG of this example has a structure in which a grinding wheel portion is formed at the tip of the shaft portion, and the grinding wheel portion has a forward tapered portion Ga that tapers toward the tip, and a shaft portion from this forward tapered portion Ga. The first point dresser 32 corrects the shape of the reverse tapered portion Gb, and the second point dresser 33 corrects the shape of the forward tapered portion Ga. With this grinding wheel _TG , as shown in FIG. 25, the outer peripheral surface of the axial workpiece W can be ground using the forward tapered part Ga, and the end face of the axial workpiece W can be processed using the reverse tapered part Gb. Can be ground.

Thus, in this example, the first point dresser 32 and the second point dresser 33 are disposed on the end surface of the first chuck 20 near the outer periphery, and the region on the end surface side of the first chuck is usually free from interference. This area is set in an area where the tool cannot enter during machining using a tool, so when performing other machining other than grinding using the grinding wheel _T 15. Interference between components such as the tool spindle 7 and other tools and the first point dresser 32 and the second point dresser 33 can be reliably prevented.

Note that when processing the end of the shaft-shaped workpiece W gripped by the gripping claws 22 of the first chuck 20, if the gripping claws 22 and the grinding wheel _TG interfere with each other, the gripping claws 22 should be moved to the backward end. By retreating, the gripping claws 22 and the grinding wheel _TG are brought into a state where they do not interfere with each other, so that the end portion can be processed. Similarly, when processing the end of the axial workpiece W gripped by the gripping claws 27 of the second chuck 25, if the gripping claws 27 and the grinding wheel _TG interfere with each other, the gripping claws 27 should be moved to the retreating end. By retracting the gripping claws 27 and the grinding wheel _TG to a state where they do not interfere with each other, the end portion can be processed.

<Turret>
As shown in FIG. 1, the tool post 15 is movable in the X-axis direction, Z-axis direction, and Y'-axis direction, and has a groove parallel to the Z-axis on the end face on the first chuck 20 side. A turret 16 is held rotatably about a rotation axis. The turret 16 is composed of a polygonal column whose peripheral surface is a planar mounting surface, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a steady rest unit 70 is attached to the mounting surface. Incidentally, the Y'-axis is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the Y-axis so as to be forward and downward toward the operating side. Further, the tool post 15 is configured to move in the Y-axis direction (horizontal direction) by a combined operation of movement in the X-axis direction and movement in the Y'-axis direction.

<Steady rest unit>
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 13, the steady rest unit 70 includes a pair of steady rest devices 72, a connecting plate 71 that connects the steady rest devices 72 at appropriate intervals, and a pair of steady rest devices 72. The set of steady rest devices 72 are arranged along the Z-axis. Note that in FIG. 11, illustration of the shaft-like workpiece W is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 12, the steady rest device 72 includes a base 73, a receiving member 74 provided on the base 73, and a presser member provided above the receiving member 74 to face the receiving member 74. 75, and a clamp mechanism 77 that supports the presser member 75 and moves the presser member 75 toward and away from the receiving member 74.

The receiving members 74 of the set of steady rest devices 72 are each provided with a V-shaped groove 74a on the upper surface, and the set of steady rest devices 72 is provided with a bottom line of the V-shaped groove 74a of each receiving member 74. are attached to the connecting plate 71 at a predetermined interval so that they are located on the same line. The steady rest unit 70 is attached to the turret 16 so that the bottom line of the V-shaped groove 74a of the receiving member 74 is parallel to the Z-axis. Further, the presser member 75 has a V-shaped groove 75a formed on its lower surface facing the receiving member 74, which matches the V-shaped groove 74a of the receiving member 74, that is, the bottom striations thereof match on the upper and lower sides. has been done. Further, a guide hole 73a is bored in the base 73 at a predetermined distance from the receiving member 74, and a guide hole 73a is provided in the guide hole 73a, the upper end of which is connected to the lower surface of the presser member 75. 76 is inserted.

The clamp mechanism 77 has a cylinder hole 78 formed between the guide hole 73a and the receiving member 74 so as to open on the upper surface of the base 73, and is fitted into the cylinder hole 78, and has an upper end thereof. A pressurized fluid supply section (see FIG. (not shown), etc. In this way, in this clamp mechanism 77, by supplying pressure fluid to the pressure fluid chamber 78a, the piston 79 and the presser member 75 connected thereto are lowered, and the shaft-shaped workpiece W is held in the V-shape of the receiving member 74. While in contact with the two inner surfaces of the V-shaped groove 74a and the two inner surfaces of the V-shaped groove 75a of the holding member 75, it is clamped by the receiving member 74 and the holding member 75, and pressurized fluid is supplied to the pressure fluid chamber 78b. By supplying, the piston 79 and the holding member 75 rise, and the clamping of the shaft-shaped workpiece W by the receiving member 74 and the holding member 75 is released, that is, unclamped. At this time, since a guide pin 76 fitted into the guide hole 73a is provided, the raising and lowering movement of the piston 79 is guided by this guide pin 76, thereby allowing the piston 79 and the holding member 75 to move up and down smoothly. can. Note that compressed air or pressure oil can be used as the pressure fluid.

Further, a mounting plate 80a is provided on the upper surface of the base 73 at a position opposite to the receiving member 74 with the cylinder hole 78 and guide hole 73a in between, and the mounting plate 80a further includes: A holding plate 80b is fixed above and parallel to the holding member 75. And, between this holding plate 80b and the holding member 75, at a position where the piston 79 is connected, a position corresponding to the V-shaped groove 75a of the holding member 75, and a position where the guide pin 76 is connected, A spring body 81 (first biasing member), a spring body 82 (second biasing member), and a spring body 83 (third biasing member) are provided, each of which biases the holding member 75 toward the receiving member 74 side. . In this way, in addition to the clamping force by the piston 79, the urging forces of the spring bodies 81, 82, and 83 act on the holding member 75, so that the shaft-like workpiece W is pressed against the receiving member 74 and the holding member with a stronger force. It is held between members 75.

Furthermore, one side surface of each of the receiving member 74 and the holding member 75 along the V-shaped grooves 74a and 75a is located further away from the radial end of the clamped shaft-like workpiece W when viewed from a plane. It is located on the axis side of the shaft-shaped workpiece W.

<Grinding unit>
As shown in FIG. 5, the grinding unit 40 includes a rotating shaft 45, a housing 41 that rotatably supports the rotating shaft 45 with a bearing 46 with one end thereof extending outside, and a rotating shaft 45. 45, a rotor 49 attached to the rotating shaft 45, and a stator 50 held by the housing 41 so as to be positioned radially outward of the rotor 49. It consists of The rotor 49 and stator 50 constitute a drive motor, and the rotor 49, the rotating shaft 45 to which the rotor 49 is attached, and the thread groove grinding wheel 55 attached to the rotating shaft 45 are activated by power supplied from the outside. Rotate. A cable protected by a flexible protective tube 56 is connected to the stator 50, and power is supplied to the stator 50 via this cable (see FIGS. 6 to 8, etc.).

The housing 41 includes a main body 42 into which the stator 50 is inserted, and annular members 43 and 44 that are attached to both ends of the main body 42 and hold the bearings 46, respectively. Lid bodies 47a and 47b are fitted onto the rotating shaft 45 extending outward from the annular member 44, and a first clamping member 54 is fitted onto the end of the rotating shaft 45. The thread groove grinding wheel 55 is held between the second holding member 53 which is connected to the end of the rotary shaft 45 together with the holding member 54 . Further, a cover body 48 is provided on the end surface of the annular member 43.

A first held part 51 for mounting the grinding unit 40 on the tool spindle 7 is provided on the outer surface of the main body part 42 , and a first held part 51 is provided on the outer surface of the main body part 42 on the opposite side of the first held part 51 . A second held portion 52 is provided on the outer surface. Note that in FIG. 5, illustration of the cross section of the second held portion 52 is omitted.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 21, a rotary dresser 30 for modifying the shape of the grinding surface of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is provided above the second headstock 10. An eddy current sensor 31 is provided that detects the thread groove grinding wheel 55 when the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is in a correction position for correcting the shape. is now detected.

In this way, the grinding unit 40 is moved to a position where the axis of its rotating shaft 45 coincides with the axis of the rotary dresser 30 in the X-axis direction, and then the grinding unit 40 is moved in the Z-axis direction, so that the grinding unit 40 After positioning it at a position detected by the eddy current sensor 31, it is moved in the Y-axis direction so as to approach the rotary dresser 30, and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating thread groove grinding wheel 55 is also rotated. By bringing it into contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotary dresser 30, the shape of the grinding surface, which is the outer circumferential surface of the thread groove grinding wheel 55, can be corrected.

This grinding unit 40 is housed in a storage device 60 shown in FIGS. 1, 6 to 10, and when processing a shaft-shaped workpiece W using the grinding unit 40, it is taken out from the storage device 60 and It is attached to the tool spindle 7.

<Containment device>
The accommodation device 60 is arranged above the second headstock 10, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 to 10, this housing device 60 includes a housing body 61 that has an opening for taking the grinding unit 40 in and out and a space in which the grinding unit 40 is housed, and a housing body 61 that has a space for housing the grinding unit 40 therein. It is composed of a lid body 63 that opens and closes the opening of the body 61, an opening/closing mechanism 62, an advancing/retracting mechanism 67, a pulley 65, a slide/biasing part 66, a locking member 69, etc. arranged inside the housing body 61. .

The advancing/retracting mechanism 67 includes a tool holding part 67a as a holding mechanism that detachably holds the grinding unit 40 via the second held part 52 of the grinding unit 40, and a tool holding part 67a that is attached to the housing body. 61 (see FIGS. 6 and 9) and a take-out position (see FIGS. 7 and 10) set outside the container 61, through the opening along the Z-axis It is composed of an air cylinder 67b that moves forward and backward in the direction. As shown in FIG. 10, in the grinding unit 40, the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is located on the upper side, the second held part 52 is located on the housing body 61 side, and the first held part 51 is located on the housing body 61 side. The tool holding portion 67a holds the tool holding portion 67a in a position opposite to the body 61. The air cylinder 67b is connected to an appropriate compressed air supply source provided externally, and pressurized compressed air is supplied from this compressed air supply source to the air cylinder 67b.

The slide/biasing section 66 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is along the Z-axis, holds the pulley 65 movably in the Z-axis direction, and also controls the enclosed compressed air (pressure fluid). The pulley 65 is configured to be biased toward the side opposite to the opening by the action. The protective tube 56 connected to the grinding unit 40 is wound around this pulley 65, and the other end of the protective tube 56 is held by a locking member 69a provided in the housing 61. The intermediate portion thereof is inserted into a guide ring 69b provided above the locking member 69a with the slide/biasing portion 66 interposed therebetween.

As partially shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the opening/closing mechanism 62 includes an air cylinder (not shown) whose longitudinal direction is disposed along the Z axis, and this air cylinder (not shown). It is composed of a piston rod 62a (1) and a link part (not shown) connected to a connecting part 63a of the lid 63, and when the piston rod 62a advances, the lid 63 opens and the piston rod 62a opens. By retreating, the lid body 63 is closed. The air cylinder (not shown) is connected to the compressed air supply source, and compressed air pressurized from the compressed air supply source is supplied to the air cylinder (not shown).

According to this storage device 60, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the grinding unit 40 is held in the storage body 61 with its second held portion 52 being held by the tool holding portion 67a of the advancing/retracting mechanism 67. It is stored in the storage position inside. Note that when the tool holding portion 67a is in the storage position, the slide/biasing portion 66 uses its biasing force to move the pulley 65 to the retreating end on the opposite side from the opening. As a result, the protection tube 56 is housed in the container 61 together with the grinding unit 40 while being wound around the pulley 65 without loosening.

[Sizing device]
As shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, the sizing device 90 is disposed along the first headstock 8 and is housed in a cover body 107 having a storage area separated from the processing area. This cover body 107 has an opening that is opened and closed by a lid body 108, and the lid body 108 is driven by an appropriate driving source (not shown) such as an air cylinder to open and close the opening.

The sizing device 90 is composed of a measuring head 91, a transfer device 93 for moving the measuring head 91 in and out through the opening of the cover body 107, and the like. The measuring head 91 has two measuring elements 92 that are urged to approach each other, and when these two measuring elements 92 contact the outer peripheral surface of the axial workpiece W, the outer circumference of the axial workpiece W is measured. configured to measure diameter.

The transfer device 93 is for transferring the measuring head 91 and bringing the probe 92 into contact with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft-shaped workpiece W. A rotating mechanism 103 that rotates the rotating mechanism in the direction of approaching the axial workpiece W (direction of arrow E) and the direction of moving away from the axial workpiece W (direction of arrow F) about an axis parallel to the axial line; 103 in the direction along the axis of the first main shaft 9 (Z-axis direction).

The linear transfer mechanism 94 includes a frame 95 that is L-shaped in plan view and has an orthogonal portion 95a perpendicular to the axis of the first main shaft 9 and a parallel portion 95b parallel to the axis of the first main shaft 9; Two guide rails 96 are arranged parallel to each other along the Z axis on the portion 95b, a slider 97 that engages with each guide rail 96 and moves along the guide rail 96, and these sliders are arranged on the slider 97. a base 98 attached to straddle the base 98, a pair of brackets 99, 100 erected on the base 98 at a predetermined interval in the Z-axis direction, and a rear surface ( A support plate 101 attached to the support plate 101 (a surface opposite to the parallel part 95b), and an air support plate 101 attached to the support plate 101, whose piston rod 102a passes through the orthogonal part 95a and is connected to the base 98. It is composed of a cylinder 102 and the like.

The rotating mechanism 103 includes a rotating arm 105 that supports the measuring head 91 such that a plane including contact portions of the two measuring elements 92 with the shaft-shaped workpiece W is orthogonal to the axis of the first main shaft 9; is arranged along the axis of the first main shaft 9, and the pivot arm 105 is connected to the outer circumferential surface of the front end portion, and a rotating shaft 104 is rotatably held by the bracket 99; The actuator 106 is attached to the rotary shaft 104 and connected to the rotary shaft 104 to rotate the rotary shaft 104. The actuator 106 is operated by compressed air supplied from the outside to rotate the rotating shaft 104 in the direction of the arrow EF, and the measuring head 91 is brought into contact with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft-shaped workpiece W with its probe 92. It is rotated between the measurement position and a retreat position away from the shaft-like workpiece W. Note that this measuring head 91 is stored in the cover body 107 in a state where it has been rotated to the retracted position.

Thus, according to this sizing device 90, the air cylinder 102 of the linear transfer mechanism 94 is opened when the opening of the cover body 107 is opened by driving the cover body 108 by an appropriate drive source (not shown). When the base 98 is moved forward by driving, the rotating mechanism 103 and the measurement head 91 supported by the rotating mechanism 103 advance through the opening of the cover body 107 and move to a rotating position within the processing area. When the actuator 106 is driven to rotate the measurement head 91 to the measurement position in the direction of arrow E, the probe 92 comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the axial workpiece W, and measures the outer diameter of the axial workpiece W. It becomes possible.

After finishing measuring the outer diameter of the shaft-like workpiece W, the actuator 106 of the turning mechanism 103 is driven to turn the measurement head 91 to the retracted position in the direction of arrow F, and then the linear transfer mechanism 94 When the cylinder 102 is driven to move the base 98 backward, the rotating mechanism 103 and the measuring head 91 supported by the rotating mechanism 103 are stored in the standby position within the cover body 107 from the rotating position. Then, by closing the opening of the cover body 107 with the lid body 108, the storage area within the cover body 107 is isolated from the processing area.

When the sizing device 90 is not in use, it is stored in the cover body 107, which has a storage area isolated from the machining area. It is possible to prevent the sizing device 90 from being soiled, and it is also possible to prevent inconveniences such as interference between the sizing device 90 and tools used for this processing during other processing. can.

[Screw shaft measuring device]
As shown in FIGS. 26 and 28, the screw shaft measuring device 110 is disposed at the measurement position so as to face the shaft-shaped workpiece W in which a thread groove is formed, and so that its optical axes are parallel to each other. A first imaging camera 111 and a second imaging camera 112; a first illumination device 113 that illuminates the imaging region from directions opposite to the imaging directions of the first imaging camera 111 and the second imaging camera 112, with the screw shaft W in between; A measurement unit including a second illumination device 114 and a frame 115 that holds the first and second imaging cameras 111 and 112 and the first and second illumination devices 113 and 114; An image input unit 116 that captures the image captured by the second imaging camera 112, a measurement operation control unit 117 that controls the capture of the image input unit 116, and a and a dimension calculation section 118 that calculates the dimensions of the threaded portion of the shaft W. Note that, hereinafter, the shaft-shaped workpiece W in which a thread groove is formed is particularly referred to as a "screw shaft W."

The image input section 116, the measurement operation control section 117, and the dimension calculation section 118 are constructed within the control device 3, and the control device 3 includes a multi-tasking machine control section for controlling the operation of the multi-tasking machine 2. 4 is provided. Further, the dimensions calculated by the dimension calculation section 118 are outputted to the output device 5, for example, a display provided on the operation panel, as appropriate.

The control device 3 is composed of a computer including a CPU, RAM, ROM, etc., and the multi-tasking machine control section 4, image input section 116, measurement operation control section 117, and dimension calculation section 118 are controlled by a computer program. Function is realized.

The first imaging camera 111 and the second imaging camera 112 are located on the outer periphery of one side of the axis of the screw shaft W in the plane seen from the first imaging camera 111 and the second imaging camera 112 side. They are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval so that the angles of the leads of the thread groove and both optical axes match (see FIG. 27). FIG. 27 is a front view showing the relationship between the screw shaft W, the first and second imaging cameras 111 and 112, and the first and second illumination devices 113 and 114. As shown in the figure, the illumination optical axes of the first and second illumination devices 113 and 114 coincide with the imaging optical axes of the first and second imaging cameras 111 and 112, respectively.

Then, the measurement operation control section 117 controls the rotation of the first spindle 9 and the second spindle 11 of the multitasking machine 2 via the multitasking machine control section 4, and sets the screw shaft W to the initial rotational position. After indexing to the set angular position, a first image including the screw groove on one side is input from the first imaging camera 111 via the image input unit 116, and a screw groove is input from the second imaging camera 112. A process is performed to input a second image including a thread groove located on the other side opposite to the one side with the axis line of the shaft W interposed therebetween.

FIG. 29(a) shows the first image and second image that are input. The first image captured by the first imaging camera 111 is the upper image, and the first image captured by the second imaging camera 112 is The second image taken is the lower image. Note that FIG. 29(a) shows the outline of the screw shaft W, respectively. Since the optical axis of the first imaging camera 111 coincides with the lead angle of the screw groove on one side, the contour image of the thread groove in this first image is a contour image corresponding to an accurate cross section of the screw groove. It has become. On the other hand, the outline image of the thread groove in the second image is an image in which the outline of the thread groove is distorted because the optical axis of the second imaging camera 112 does not match the lead angle of the thread groove on the other side. .

Next, the measurement operation control section 117 rotates the first main shaft 9 and the second main shaft 11 of the multi-tasking machine 2 via the multi-tasking machine control section 4 to rotate the screw shaft W about the axis thereof. Processing of inputting a third image including the rotated screw groove on the other side into the area on the one side from the first imaging camera 111 through the image input unit 116 after the image is inverted by 180 degrees. Execute. The third image (outline of the screw shaft W) captured by the first imaging camera 111 is shown in FIG. 29(b). The thread groove on the other side is rotated by 180 degrees to the area on the one side, so that the optical axis of the first imaging camera 111 and the lead angle of the thread groove on the other side match, The contour image of the thread groove on the other side in the third image is a contour image corresponding to an accurate cross section of the screw groove.

The dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outline of the thread groove on one side based on the first image captured as described above, and then calculates the center position of at least two adjacent thread grooves. , calculate the pitch, which is the interval between the center positions of the adjacent thread grooves in the direction along the axis, and calculate the first reference position preset in the first image and the center position of the thread grooves on one side. Processing is performed to calculate the distance in the radial direction of the screw axis W.

In FIG. 29(a), the first image captured by the first imaging camera 111 is expressed in a coordinate system with the Ya axis-Za axis as the reference axis, and the origin of this Ya axis-Za axis coordinate system is the This is the first reference position and coincides with the imaging optical axis of the first imaging camera 111. Further, the Ya axis coincides with the radial direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Y axis), and the Za axis coincides with the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Z axis). The dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the center position (Ya ₁ , Za ₁ ), (Ya ₂ , Za ₂ ) of each thread groove from the extracted contour shape of the thread groove, and then calculates the center position Z of the adjacent thread groove. The axial distance is calculated as pitch P (=Za ₂ −Za ₁ ). Then, the dimension calculation unit 118 assigns the calculated value of Ya ₁ (=Ya ₂ ) as the distance between the above-described first reference position and the center position of the thread groove on one side.

Next, the dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outer circumference contour corresponding to the outer circumference of the screw shaft W located on the other side based on the second image captured as described above, and extracts the outer circumference contour corresponding to the outer circumference of the screw shaft W located on the other side, and Processing is performed to calculate the distance in the radial direction of the screw shaft W, which is the distance between the second reference position preset in the image and the outer peripheral contour on the other side.

In FIG. 29(a), the second image captured by the second imaging camera 112 is expressed in a coordinate system with the Yb axis-Zb axis as the reference axis, and the origin of this Yb axis-Zb axis coordinate system is This is the second reference position and coincides with the imaging optical axis of the second imaging camera 112. Further, the Yb axis coincides with the radial direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Y axis), and the Zb axis coincides with the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Z axis). The dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the radial position _Yb1 from the extracted outer circumferential contour shape of the thread groove, and calculates the calculated Yb1 as the distance between the second reference position and the outer circumferential contour on the other side. Assign a value of ₁ . Note that Yp is the distance in the radial direction (interaxial distance) between the imaging optical axis of the first imaging camera 111 and the imaging optical axis of the second imaging camera 112, and is derived in advance by appropriate calibration. .

Next, the dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outline of the thread groove on the other side based on the third image captured as described above, and calculates the center position of the thread groove on the other side. and a process of extracting an outer circumferential contour corresponding to the outer circumference of the other side of the screw shaft and calculating a distance in the radial direction between the center position of the thread groove on the other side and the outer circumferential contour of the other side. conduct.

In FIG. 29(b), the third image captured by the first imaging camera 111 is expressed in a coordinate system with the Ya axis-Za axis as the reference axis, as described above. The dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outline of the thread groove on the other side in the third image, calculates the center position (Ya ₃ , Za ₃ ) of the thread groove from the extracted outline shape of the thread groove, and , the outer peripheral contour of the other side of the screw shaft W is extracted, and the radial direction (i.e., the Ya axis) between the extracted outer peripheral contour of the other side and the center position (Ya ₃ , Za ₃ ) of the screw groove on the other side is extracted. direction) distance Δ(=Ya ₃ −Ya ₄ ) is calculated.

Next, the dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the radial distance between the obtained first reference position and the center position of the thread groove on the one side, the second reference position and the outer peripheral contour of the other side. and the radial distance between the center position of the thread groove on the other side and the outer peripheral contour on the other side, and the first reference position and second reference position obtained in advance. The effective diameter of the thread groove is calculated based on the radial distance between the thread groove and the thread groove.

FIG. 29(c) is an explanatory diagram for explaining this process in an easy-to-understand manner, and is obtained by replacing the second image in FIG. 29(a) with a third image so that their outer peripheral contours match. It is. That is, in FIG. 29(a), the center position of the other thread groove in the second image is located at a position shifted in the radial direction by Δ from the outer peripheral contour. Therefore, the effective diameter D expressed by the distance in the radial direction between the center position of the thread groove on one side and the center position of the thread groove on the other side is as follows, as also shown in FIG. 29(c). Calculated by the formula.
D=Ya ₁ +Yp+Yb ₁ +Δ
The dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the effective diameter D of the thread groove using this calculation formula.

The measurement unit composed of the first and second imaging cameras 111 and 112, the first and second illumination devices 113 and 114, and the frame 115 is controlled by the measurement operation control section 117, and is controlled by the transfer device as appropriate. Accordingly, it is transported between the measurement position and a retreat position set outside the processing area.

According to the multi-tasking apparatus 1 of this embodiment having the above configuration, under the control of the multi-tasking machine control section 4, the multi-tasking machine 2 converts the axial workpiece W into the threaded shaft W. is machined, and the screw axis W is measured on the multitasking machine 2 under the control of the measurement operation control section 117.

[Processing of screw shaft]
First, in this example, as a material for machining the screw shaft W, a long shaft-shaped workpiece W made of a general material is used. This axial workpiece W has a center hole bored in both end faces, and the surface thereof is hardened in advance, and has a set hardness at a predetermined depth in the radial direction. Moreover, this shaft-shaped workpiece W has been subjected to a grinding process at least on the outer circumferential surface where a thread groove is to be formed.

First, both ends of this axial workpiece W are gripped by the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25. At this time, the tailstock shafts 24 and 29 of the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25 are pressed against the center hole of the shaft-like workpiece W, and the shaft-like workpiece W is supported by the tailstock shafts 24 and 29. , further gripped by gripping claws 22 and 27. As described above, each of the gripping claws 22 and 27 of the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25 are formed with four gripping surfaces 23a-23d and 28a-28d having different curvatures, so one type of gripping is possible. The claws 22 and 27 can grip axial workpieces W having four different outer diameters.

Further, the shaft-like workpiece W is clamped from above and below by a receiving member 74 and a holding member 75 of a pair of steady rest devices 72 mounted on the turret 16. The position of the tool rest 15 in the Y'-axis direction is determined by the bottom line of the V-shaped groove 74a of the receiving member 74 and the V-shaped groove 75a of the holding member 75, and the first main shaft 9 and the second main shaft 11. (in other words, the axis of the shaft-like workpiece W) are adjusted in advance so that they vertically coincide with each other. In this state, the axial workpiece W is held by the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25, and is clamped by a pair of steady rest devices 72.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the thread groove of the shaft-like workpiece W is machined using a milling tool _TM , which is a rotary cutting tool. In this process, the axis of the tool spindle 7 is located in a plane that includes the axis of the axial work W and the X-axis, and is tilted at a predetermined angle within this plane, so that the axis of the milling tool _TM is It is executed in a tilted state within the plane. Further, this machining is performed with the machining position between the pair of steady rest devices 72, and with the milling tool _TM cutting into the shaft-shaped workpiece W by a predetermined depth in the X-axis direction, A thread groove is formed in the axial workpiece W by rotating the axial workpiece W at a predetermined rotational speed and moving the milling tool _TM in the Z-axis direction at a predetermined feed amount.

Then, by repeatedly performing the cutting operation while gradually cutting the milling tool _TM into the shaft-like workpiece W in the X-axis direction, a thread groove of a predetermined shape is formed on the shaft-like workpiece W. At that time, the rotational speed of the shaft-like work W and the feed speed of the milling tool _TM in the Z-axis direction are determined by the pitch of the thread groove to be formed, and the Z of the milling tool _TM per one revolution of the shaft-like work W The feed amount in the axial direction is the same value as the pitch of the thread groove. As a result, the lead angle of the thread groove to be formed becomes a predetermined angle.

Furthermore, in synchronization with the movement of the milling tool _TM in the Z-axis direction, the tool rest 15, that is, a set of steady rest devices 72, is moved in the same movement direction (Z-axis direction) at the same feed rate. Machining using a milling tool _TM involves intermittent cutting, so in the case of a long shaft-shaped workpiece W, there is a risk that vibration or displacement will occur in the shaft-shaped workpiece W. By processing the shaft-like workpiece W in a state where it is clamped by the device 72, stable processing can be realized, and as a result, the thread groove can be processed with high precision. That is, since the receiving member 74 and the holding member 5 are each made of one member and have high rigidity, the shaft-shaped workpiece W does not undergo displacement or vibration even when a large cutting load is applied due to interrupted cutting. , is supported in a stable state by the steady rest device 72. Furthermore, since the steady rest device ₇₂ is moved in synchronization with the movement of the milling tool TM, the vicinity of the machining position of the milling tool _TM can always be supported by the steady rest device 72. Also, the shaft-like workpiece W can be supported in a stable state.

In addition, thread groove machining using this milling tool _TM consists of rough machining and finishing machining, and in this example, the milling tool _TM for rough machining is used for rough machining, and the milling tool TM for rough machining is used for finishing machining. A milling tool _TM is used. Note that it is preferable to use a round tip that matches the shape of the thread groove as the milling tool _TM for finishing. The milling tools _TM for rough machining and finishing machining are stored in the above-mentioned tool magazine (not shown), and are appropriately attached to and removed from the tool spindle 7 by a tool changer (not shown).

After finishing the thread groove using the milling tool _TM , the thread groove is then ground using the grinding unit 40.

First, the milling tool _TM for finishing is removed from the tool spindle 7 by the above-mentioned tool changer (not shown) and stored in a tool magazine (not shown), and the storage device 60 is operated. The grinding unit 40 is moved from inside the container 61 to the take-out position. Specifically, after driving the opening/closing mechanism 62 to open the lid 63, the advancing/retracting mechanism 67 is driven to move the tool holder 67a holding the grinding unit 40 to the take-out position (see FIGS. 7 and 7). (See Figure 10). As shown in FIG. 10, in the grinding unit 40, the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is located on the upper side, the second held part 52 is located on the housing body 61 side, and the first held part 51 is located on the housing body 61 side. The tool holding portion 67a holds the tool holding portion 67a in a position opposite to the tool holding portion 67a.

Next, after turning the tool spindle 7 so that its axis is horizontal and its tool holding part faces toward the storage device 60, the tool spindle 7 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction, and the tool spindle 7 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the The tool is positioned so that the axis of the tool spindle 7 and the axis of the first held part 51 of the grinding unit 40 located at the take-out position are coaxial. Then, after moving the tool spindle 7 toward the grinding unit 40 in the Z-axis plus direction to a position where the tool holder can hold the first held part 51, the tool holder moves the tool spindle 7 toward the grinding unit 40. While holding the first held part 51, the holding of the second held part 52 by the tool holding part 67a is released.

Next, by moving the tool spindle 7 away from the container 61, the grinding unit 40 is taken out from the take-out position into the processing area. At that time, the protective tube 56 connected to the grinding unit 40 is pulled out together with the grinding unit 40, but the protective tube 56 is wrapped around a pulley 65 that is biased toward the opposite side of the opening, and the pulley 65 is As the tube 56 is pulled out, it moves toward the opening side while maintaining its biased state, so that the protection tube 56 is always kept under tension and is pulled out while being prevented from loosening (see FIG. 8). Furthermore, even when the tool spindle 7 moves in the Z-axis direction, the pulley 65 is always biased toward the side opposite to the opening side, so tension is always applied to the protective tube 56, causing it to relax. There's nothing wrong with that. Therefore, there is no possibility that movement of the tool spindle 7 in the Z-axis direction will cause problems such as the protection tube 56 becoming entangled with other structures.

Then, using this grinding tool 55, a thread groove formed in the shaft-shaped workpiece W is ground. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, with the axial work W being clamped by a set of steady rest devices 72, the grinding position is set between the pair of steady rest devices 72, and a thread groove is formed. Grind. At this time, the tool spindle 7 rotates the thread groove grinding wheel 55 so that the rotation axis of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is at the same angle as the lead angle of the thread groove with respect to the Z axis in the X-axis-Z-axis plane. At the same time, the position of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 in the X-axis direction is determined so that the rotation center position of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 is located on the Y-axis-Z-axis plane that includes the axis of the shaft-like workpiece W. At this time, since the rotating shaft of the tool spindle 7 is rotated by a small angle from the vertical direction, the thread groove can be ground without interference between the tool spindle 7 and other structures. can.

Then, with the thread groove grinding wheel 55 cutting into the thread groove of the shaft-like workpiece W by a predetermined depth in the Y-axis direction, the shaft-like workpiece W is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, and the thread groove of the shaft-like workpiece W is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed. By moving the groove grinding wheel 55 in the Z-axis direction at a predetermined feed rate, the thread groove of the shaft-like workpiece W is ground. The rotation speed of the shaft-like workpiece W and the feed rate of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 are determined by the pitch of the thread groove, and the feed amount of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 per rotation of the shaft-like workpiece W is determined by the pitch of the thread groove. The value will be the same. As a result, the lead angle of the thread groove to be formed becomes a predetermined angle.

In this way, by repeatedly performing the grinding operation while gradually cutting the thread groove grinding wheel 55 into the shaft-like workpiece W in the Y-axis direction, the shape of the thread groove formed on the shaft-like workpiece W is changed. Finish it into a predetermined shape. At this time, the steady rest unit 70 is ground by thread groove grinding by moving the tool rest 15 in the same movement direction (Z-axis direction) at the same feed rate in synchronization with the movement of the thread groove grinding wheel 55 in the Z-axis direction. The movement of the grindstone 55 is followed. By doing this, similarly to the processing using the milling tool _TM described above, the vicinity of the processing position by the thread groove grinding wheel 55 can always be supported by the steady rest device 72, and the axial workpiece W can be stabilized. It can be supported in an upright position.

Note that the shape of the outer circumferential surface of the thread groove grinding wheel 55, which is the grinding surface, is corrected by the rotary dresser 30 described above as necessary.

When the grinding process of the thread groove of the shaft-like workpiece W is completed, the advancing/retracting mechanism 67 is driven to move the tool holding part 67a to the removal position, and the axis of the tool spindle 7 becomes horizontal, and the grinding unit 40 is located on the tool holding part 67a side, the tool spindle 7 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction, and the axis of the tool spindle 7 and the tool holding part located at the extraction position are moved. It is positioned so that the axes of 67a are coaxial.

After that, the tool spindle 7 is moved in the Z-axis plus direction to a position where the second held part 52 of the grinding unit 40 engages with the tool holding part 67a, and then the tool holding part 67a is moved closer to the tool holding part 67a. The second held portion 52 is held by the portion 67a, and the first held portion 51 is released from being held by the tool holding portion. Next, the tool spindle 7 is moved in a direction away from the storage device 60, and the advancing/retracting mechanism 67 is driven to move the tool holding part 67a to the storage position, and then the opening/closing mechanism 62 is driven to close the lid 63. Make it. At this time, the protective tube 56 is wound around a pulley 65 that is biased toward the opposite side of the opening, and the pulley 65 is directed toward the opposite side of the opening while maintaining the biased state as the tool holding portion 67a retreats. Since the protective tube 56 is moved to the side, tension is always applied to the protective tube 56, and the protective tube 56 is prevented from becoming relaxed.

Through the above operations, the grinding unit 40 is housed in the housing device 60. In this way, when the grinding unit 40 is not in use, it is housed in the housing device 60 provided outside the machining area, so it is not contaminated by the coolant used during other machining operations or chips generated during the machining process. It is possible to prevent the grinding unit 40 from being soiled, and it is also possible to prevent inconveniences such as interference between the grinding unit 40 and tools used for this processing during other processing.

[Measurement of screw shaft]
As described above, when a thread groove is formed on the shaft-like workpiece W and a thread shaft W is obtained, the machining accuracy of the thread groove is then measured by the above-mentioned thread shaft measuring device 110. That is, first, under the control of the measurement operation control section 117, the measurement unit is transferred to the measurement position by an appropriate transfer device. Then, under the control of this measurement operation control unit 117, the rotation of the first main spindle 9 and the second main spindle 11 of the multitasking machine 2 is controlled, and the screw shaft W is brought to the angular position set as the initial rotational position. After the determination, the first image is input from the first imaging camera 111 and the second image is input from the second imaging camera 112 via the image input unit 116. Next, the screw axis W is reversed by 180 degrees around the axis, and then a third image is input from the first imaging camera 111.

Then, based on the input first image, second image, and third image, the dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the pitch P and effective diameter D of the thread groove through the above-described process. The pitch P and effective diameter D of the thread groove are output to the output device 5.

Incidentally, as a result of measurement by the screw shaft measuring device 110, if the pitch P and effective diameter D of the thread groove are not finished to the predetermined dimensions and it is possible to correct them, correction processing using the grinding unit 40 is performed. It can be carried out.

Further, in the composite processing apparatus 1 of this example, as described above, the outer circumferential surface and end surface of the shaft-shaped workpiece W can be ground using the grinding wheel _TG shown in FIGS. 23 and 24. When processing the outer peripheral surface, the grinding process can be performed using the above-mentioned sizing device 90 while measuring the processed outer diameter with the measuring head 91.

As described above, according to the multi-purpose machining device 1 of this example, the thread groove of the screw shaft can be machined by one general-purpose multi-purpose machining device 1. Compared to the conventional method of processing using a processing machine, the initial equipment cost can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the screw shaft can be reduced.

In addition, since rough cutting, finishing cutting, and grinding of the thread groove can be performed by one gripping by the first chuck 20 and the second chuck 25, machining accuracy deteriorates due to repeated gripping multiple times. It is possible to prevent this from happening.

In addition, rough cutting, finishing cutting, and grinding of thread grooves can be performed while the long shaft-shaped workpiece W is clamped by a set of steady rest devices 72, thereby realizing stable processing. As a result, the thread groove can be machined with high precision.

Since the grinding process of the thread groove is performed using the grinding unit 40, the grinding process can be performed using the general-purpose multi-tasking machine 2. Then, this grinding unit 40 is housed in the storage device 60, and the grinding unit 40 is taken out from the storage device 60 and used only when performing grinding processing, so that when performing other processing, this grinding unit 40 is A series of machining operations can be performed efficiently without the grinding unit 40 getting in the way. Furthermore, since tension is always applied to the protection tube 56 connected to the grinding unit 40, the protection tube 56 is prevented from becoming an obstacle to the movement of the grinding unit 40.

In addition, in this example, since the general-purpose multitasking machine 2 is provided with the sizing device 90, this sizing device 90 can be used when grinding the outer peripheral surface of the shaft-shaped workpiece W (or screw shaft W). The grinding process can be performed with high accuracy and efficiency.

In addition, in the compound machining device 1 of this example, the accuracy of the thread groove of the machined screw shaft W can be measured on-machine by the screw shaft measuring device 110, so if the thread groove is not finished to the predetermined dimensions, In addition, if the correction is possible, correction processing using the grinding unit 40 can be performed. By doing so, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a highly accurate screw shaft W.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific aspects that the present invention can take are not limited thereto.

For example, in the screw shaft measuring device 110 of the above example, in order to obtain an image with a clear outline of the screw groove, the first illumination device 113 and the second illumination device 114 are connected to the first imaging camera with the screw shaft W in between. 111 and the second imaging camera 112, the first illuminating device 113 and the second illuminating device 114 are not limited to this. may be provided on the same side as the first imaging camera 111 and the second imaging camera 112.

Further, in the screw axis measuring device 110 of the above example, the configuration was such that the two first imaging cameras 111 and the second imaging camera 112, and the two first lighting devices 113 and second lighting devices 114 were provided. There is no limitation, and as long as the imaging camera has a field of view that captures the entire radial direction of the screw shaft W, it is sufficient to include one imaging camera, and in this case, one illumination corresponding to the imaging camera is sufficient. It is good if the equipment is provided.

In this case, the measurement operation control section 117 controls the rotations of the first spindle 9 and the second spindle 11 of the multitasking machine 2 via the multitasking machine control section 4 to rotate the screw shaft W to an initial rotation. After determining the angular position set as the position, a process is performed to input a first image including the entire radial direction of the screw shaft W from the imaging camera via the image input unit 116.

FIG. 30(a) shows the first image to be input, and FIG. 30(a) shows the outline of the screw axis W in the first image. In the contour image of the thread groove in this first image, the upper contour image corresponds to an accurate cross-section of the thread groove because the optical axis of the imaging camera matches the lead angle of the thread groove on one side. It is a contour image. On the other hand, the lower contour image is an image in which the outline of the thread groove is distorted because the optical axis of the imaging camera does not match the lead angle of the thread groove on the other side.

Next, the measurement operation control section 117 rotates the first main shaft 9 and the second main shaft 11 of the multi-tasking machine 2 via the multi-tasking machine control section 4 to rotate the screw shaft W about the axis thereof. After inverting by 180°, a process of inputting a second image including the entire radial direction of the screw shaft W from the imaging camera via the image input unit 116 is executed.

FIG. 30(b) shows a contour image of the screw groove located on the one side in the second image (outline of the screw shaft W) taken by the imaging camera. The thread groove on the other side is rotated 180 degrees to the area on the one side, so that the optical axis of the imaging camera and the lead angle of the thread groove on the other side coincide with each other, so that the second thread groove is The contour image of the thread groove on the other side in the image is a contour image corresponding to an accurate cross section of the screw groove.

The dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outline of the thread groove on one side based on the first image captured as described above, and then calculates the center position of at least two adjacent thread grooves. , calculate the pitch, which is the interval between the center positions of the adjacent screw grooves in the direction along the axis, and correspond to the outer periphery of the screw shaft located on the other side opposite to the one side with the axis in between. Then, a process is performed to calculate the distance in the radial direction of the screw shaft W, which is the distance between the center position of the thread groove on one side and the outer peripheral contour on the other side.

In FIG. 30(a), the image captured by the imaging camera is expressed in a coordinate system with the Ya axis-Za axis as the reference axis, and the origin of this Ya axis-Za axis coordinate system is the imaging optical axis of the imaging camera. Match. Further, the Ya axis coincides with the radial direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Y axis), and the Za axis coincides with the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft (the above-mentioned Z axis). The dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the center position (Ya 1 , Za 1 ), (Ya 2 , Za 2 ) of each screw groove based on the contour shape of the screw groove extracted from the first image, and then calculates the center position (Ya ₁ , Za ₁ ), (Ya ₂ , Za ₂ ) of each screw groove, and then The interval in the Z-axis direction between the center positions of the thread grooves is calculated as pitch P (=Za ₂ −Za ₁ ). In addition, the dimension calculation unit 118 extracts an outer circumferential contour corresponding to the outer circumference of the screw shaft W located on the other side, and calculates the distance between the center position of the thread groove on the one side and the outer circumferential contour on the other side. Then, a process is performed to calculate the distance in the radial direction of the screw axis W (=Ya ₁ +Ya ₃ ). However, Ya ₁ = Ya ₂

Next, the dimension calculation unit 118 extracts the outline of the thread groove on the other side based on the second image captured as described above, and calculates the center position of the thread groove on the other side. At the same time, an outer circumferential contour corresponding to the outer circumference of the other side of the screw shaft W is extracted, and the distance between the center position of the thread groove on the other side and the outer circumferential contour of the other side, and the diameter of the screw shaft W is extracted. Performs processing to calculate the distance in the direction.

In FIG. 30(b), the dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the center position (Ya 4 , Za 4 ) of the thread groove on the other side from the extracted contour shape of the thread groove on the other side, and also calculates the center position (Ya ₄ , Za ₄ ) of the thread groove on the other side. The distance in the radial direction (that is, in the Ya axis direction) between the center position (Ya ₄ , Za ₄ ) of the thread groove on the other side and the outer periphery on the other side is extracted. Calculate Δ(=Ya ₄ −Ya ₅ ).

Next, the dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the distance in the radial direction between the obtained center position of the thread groove on the one side and the outer peripheral contour on the other side, and the center position of the thread groove on the other side and the other side. The effective diameter of the thread groove is calculated based on the distance in the radial direction from the side outer peripheral contour.

FIG. 30(c) is an explanatory diagram for explaining this process in an easy-to-understand manner. (b)). That is, in FIG. 30(a), the center position of the other screw groove in the lower contour image is located at a position shifted in the radial direction by Δ from the outer peripheral contour. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 30(c), the effective diameter D expressed as the distance in the radial direction between the center position of the thread groove on one side and the center position of the thread groove on the other side is as follows. Calculated by the formula.
D=Ya ₁ +Ya ₃ +Δ
The dimension calculation unit 118 calculates the effective diameter D of the thread groove using this calculation formula.

Further, in the above example, the first headstock 8 and the second headstock 10 having the same configuration are provided, but the configuration is not limited to this, and one of them can be simply configured to be able to rotate the shaft-shaped workpiece W. A tailstock device may also be used as a supporting device.

Further, in the above example, the grinding unit 40 is housed in the housing device 60, but the housing device 60 is not limited to this, and other machining tools used for cutting, grinding, etc. Tools such as a laser processing head, a head for electrical discharge machining, and a measurement tool such as a touch probe may be accommodated. These tools are also connected to wire members, that is, cables such as wiring, piping for supplying fluid and powder, and protective tubes in which these are inserted.

Further, in the above example, the V-shaped groove 75a is provided in the holding member 75, but if the shaft-shaped workpiece W can be held in a sufficiently stable manner, providing the V-shaped groove 75a is not necessary. Furthermore, the spring bodies 81, 82, and 83 that bias the holding member 75 may be selectively used as appropriate, or may be omitted altogether depending on the clamping force of the piston 79. Further, in the above example, the steady rest unit 70 consisting of two steady rest devices 72 is mounted on the turret 16, but the invention is not limited to this, and a single steady rest device 72 may be mounted on the turret 16. You can do it like this.

Further, in the above example, the thread grooves are formed in the shaft-like workpiece W by cutting using the milling tool _TM , but the invention is not limited to this, and the thread grooves may also be formed by so-called turning. good.

Again, the description of the embodiments described above is illustrative in all respects and is not restrictive in any way. Modifications and changes can be made as appropriate by those skilled in the art. The scope of the invention is indicated by the claims rather than the embodiments described above. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention includes changes from the embodiments within the scope of the claims and equivalents.

1 Multi-tasking device 2 Multi-tasking machine 3 Control device 4 Multi-tasking machine control section 7 Tool spindle 8 First headstock 9 First spindle 10 Second headstock 11 Second spindle 15 Turret 16 Turret 20 First chuck 22 Gripping claw 23 Gripping surface 25 Second chuck 27 Gripping claw 28 Gripping surface 30 Rotary dresser 31 Eddy current sensor 32 First point dresser 33 Second point dresser 40 Grinding unit 41 Housing 45 Rotating shaft 49 Rotor 50 Stator 55 Grinding wheel 60 Storage device 61 Container 62 Opening/closing mechanism 63 Lid body 65 Pulley 66 Slide/biasing part 67 Advance/retreat mechanism 67a Tool holding part 70 Steady rest unit 72 Steady rest device 73 Base 74 Receiving member 74a V-shaped groove 75 Holding member 75a V-shaped groove 76 Guide Pin 77 Clamp mechanism 90 Sizing device 91 Measuring head 92 Measuring element 93 Transfer device 94 Linear transfer mechanism 103 Rotating mechanism 104 Rotating shaft 105 Rotating arm 106 Actuator 110 Screw shaft measuring device 111 First imaging camera 112 Second imaging camera 113 First Illumination device 114 Second illumination device 115 Image input section 116 Measurement operation control section 117 Dimension calculation section

Claims (5)

a rotating shaft;
a housing that rotatably supports the rotating shaft with one end thereof extending outside;
a grinding wheel attached to the one end of the rotating shaft;
a rotor attached to the rotating shaft;
a stator held by the housing so as to be located radially outward of the rotor;
a first held part provided on the outer surface of the housing and held by a tool spindle of a machine tool;
A grinding unit comprising: a second held part that is provided on the outer surface of the housing on the opposite side of the first held part and is held by a holding mechanism of the machine tool. A multi-tasking machine including at least a tool spindle that holds and rotates a tool, and a work spindle that grips and rotates a workpiece,
The grinding unit according to claim 1 ;
A multi-tasking machine comprising: the holding mechanism that holds the second held portion of the grinding unit. 3. The multi-tasking machine according to claim 2 , further comprising a rotary dresser for modifying the shape of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel. an eddy current sensor that detects the grinding wheel when the grinding wheel contacts the rotary dresser and is in a correction position to correct the shape of the grinding surface;
4. The multi-tasking machine according to claim 3 , wherein the grinding wheel is positioned at the correction position based on the detection result of the eddy current sensor. Further comprising a tool magazine in which a tool different from the grinding unit is accommodated,
3. The multitasking machine according to claim 2 , wherein the holding mechanism is provided within a housing device in which the grinding unit is housed.

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