JP7438493B2 - lattice wall - Google Patents

Description

Application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act Architectural Institute of Japan, 2020 Architectural Institute of Japan Conference Academic Lecture Abstracts, July 20, 2020 Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Living Environment Design, Sugiyama Jogakuen University Life Sciences Department of Living and Environment Design, 2020 Graduation Research Presentation Summary, January 22, 2021 Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Living and Environment Design, 2020 Graduation Research Presentation, January 24, 2021 https:/ /sugiyama-u-sotsuten. com/, https://sugiyama-u-sotsuten. com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/3755e7a48fd754e7661f6b25d207732c. pdf, February 2021 Sugiyama Jogakuen University Graduate School of Life Sciences Department of Living Environment 2020 Master's Research Presentation, February 16, 2021 https://www. sugiyama-u. ac. jp/univ/academics/g-nutr/life/, https://www. sugiyama-u. ac. jp/univ/assets/docs/mas20_kawamoto. pdf, February 2021

The present invention relates to a lattice wall used as a load-bearing wall.

In recent years, lattice walls have attracted attention as load-bearing walls that can ensure ventilation and lighting. In general, a lattice wall is made by joining multiple pieces of wood (vertical and horizontal members) with a mutually interlocking joint (a structure in which cutouts are formed on the opposing surfaces of a pair of vertical and horizontal members, and they fit together). The structure has a structure in which the wood sinks into the wood at a number of joints, making it possible to obtain a stable and high yield strength even during large deformations. However, due to low machining accuracy and gaps formed in the joints due to drying and shrinkage of the wood over time, the wood does not sink in during small deformations and does not function as a load-bearing wall. Therefore, the initial stiffness is set low, and the wall magnification is 0.9 at maximum (specified).

Therefore, the present inventors have proposed a surface lattice wall shown in Patent Document 1 as a solution to the problem of low initial rigidity. This lattice wall is made by inserting a gap filler made of compressed wood into the gap between the joints, and the gap filler recovers its shape to fill the gap and provide high initial rigidity.

Patent No. 6337257

However, the gap-filling material for the lattice wall of Patent Document 1 is made by heating wood and then compressing it with a press, and the problem is that such processing is time-consuming.

The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides a surface lattice wall that is easy to manufacture, has high initial rigidity, and functions as a load-bearing wall both during small deformation and large deformation. The purpose is to

The present invention includes a lattice main body made of wooden lattice members arranged in a crosswise manner and having a plurality of openings surrounded by the lattice members, and a reinforcing member made of a thin steel plate, and some of the openings are The reinforcing material is attached to form a closed reinforcing area, and the remaining opening is an open area where the reinforcing material is not attached. Note that the opening includes not only an opening portion surrounded by the lattice material on the entire circumference, but also an opening portion surrounded by the lattice material and other members at the peripheral edge of the lattice main body. Moreover, a thin steel plate refers to a steel plate with a thickness of 3 mm or less.

Further, in the present invention, the reinforcing material has a closing portion having the same shape as the opening, and a fixing portion extending from a peripheral edge of the closing portion in a direction perpendicular to the closing portion, and the reinforcing member has a closing portion having the same shape as the opening. may close the opening, and the fixing portion may be fixed in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the lattice material surrounding the opening.

Further, in the present invention, the opening portion and the closing portion have a polygonal shape, and the fixing portion extending from each side of the closing portion extends in the same direction with respect to the closing portion, and the fixing portion extends in the same direction with respect to the closing portion. The fixing parts may be joined to each other.

Further, in the present invention, the reinforcing material may be formed by bending a single thin steel plate.

Further, in the present invention, the lattice member is composed of vertically extending vertical members and horizontally extending horizontal members, the vertical members and the horizontal members are perpendicular to each other, and the opening is rectangular. It's okay.

According to the present invention, ventilation and lighting are ensured by the open area, and high yield strength is ensured by the reinforced area. In other words, when a small deformation occurs, a high yield strength is obtained by responding to the initial stiffness of the reinforcing material made of thin steel plates, and when a large deformation occurs, in addition to the sinking behavior of the wood at the joints between the lattice members, the reinforcing material made of thin steel plates High yield strength can be obtained by responding with toughness. Therefore, it functions as a load-bearing wall both in the case of small deformation and in the case of large deformation.

Moreover, if the reinforcing material has a fixing part that is fixed in contact with the lattice material, the reinforcing material is reliably fixed to the lattice material, so that the load-bearing wall has higher strength.

In addition, if the closed part of the reinforcing material is polygonal and adjacent fixed parts are joined, the reinforcing material will be box-shaped and have high rigidity, so it will have a higher resistance as a load-bearing wall. becomes.

Further, if the reinforcing material is made by bending a single thin steel plate, the rigidity will be higher and the closing part and the fixing part can be easily formed.

Furthermore, if the lattice material is made up of vertical and horizontal members, the surface lattice wall of the present invention can be obtained by attaching reinforcing materials to the existing vertical and horizontal lattices.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a grid wall. FIG. 3 is a front view of a grid wall. (a) is an explanatory diagram of a joint between a vertical member and a horizontal member, and (b) is an explanatory diagram of a joint between a horizontal member and a column. (a) is a perspective view of the reinforcing material, and (b) is a developed view of the reinforcing material. (a) and (b) are explanatory views of the method of attaching the reinforcing material. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of test specimens, in which (a) shows test specimen A, (b) shows test specimen B, and (c) shows specimen C. It is a graph showing the load-displacement relationship of each test piece. It is a graph showing a comparison of initial stiffness of each test piece. It is a graph showing the envelope of each test piece when the deformation angle is 1/300 rad. It is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of energy absorption amount and the deformation angle of each test piece.

Hereinafter, specific details of the surface lattice wall of the present invention will be explained. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, below, up, down, left and right shall refer to the up, down, left and right directions when this grid wall is viewed from the front. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this surface lattice wall includes a wooden lattice body 1 having a plurality of openings 11, wooden pillars 12 attached to the left and right sides of the lattice body 1, and the lattice body 1 and the pillars. It is equipped with wooden beams 13 attached above and below 12 and reinforcing members 2 made of thin steel plates, and a part of the opening 11 becomes a reinforcing area 100 where the reinforcing members 2 are attached and closed. The remaining opening 11 is an open area 200 where the reinforcing material 2 is not attached.

The lattice body 1 is made up of lattice members 3 arranged in a crosswise manner, and the lattice members 3 are made up of vertically extending vertical members 31 and horizontally extending horizontal members 32. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, there are four vertical members 31 and six horizontal members 32, and the vertical members 31 are arranged with intervals left and right, and the horizontal members 32 are arranged with intervals vertically. It is placed empty. The interval between the vertical members 31 and the interval between the horizontal members 32 are the same, and the opening 11 surrounded by the vertical members 31 and the horizontal members 32 is square. The vertical members 31 and the horizontal members 32 are both made of wooden square members, and are orthogonal to each other at the joints. As shown in FIG. 3(a), at the joint, cutouts 311 and 321 each having a U-shaped cross section are formed on the opposing surfaces of the vertical member 31 and the cross member 32, and the cutouts 311 and 321 are mutually connected. It is a two-sided shiguchi that is assembled to fit together.

Pillars 12 are attached to the left and right sides of the lattice body 1. The pillar 12 is made of a wooden square material that is thicker than the lattice material 3, and the ends of the horizontal members 32 extending left and right are joined to the side surfaces of the pillar 12 extending vertically. As shown in FIG. 3(b), at the joint, a tenon 322 is formed at the end of the cross member 32, a mortise hole 121 is formed on the side surface of the column 12, and a mortise hole 121 is formed on the side surface of the column 12. The tenon 322 of the material 32 is inserted and assembled. Further, beams 13 are attached above and below the lattice main body 1 and the left and right pillars 12. The beam 13 is made of a wooden square beam with a thickness equal to or larger than that of the column 12, and the upper end of the column 12 and the vertical beam 31 extending vertically are joined by contacting the lower surface of the upper beam 13. The lower ends of the pillars 12 abut and are joined to the upper surface of the lower beam 13. At the joint, a tenon is formed at the end of the vertical member 31 and the column 12, a mortise is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam 13, and the tenon of the vertical member 31 and the column 12 is inserted into the mortise of the beam 13. (not shown). Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the pillar 12 and the beam 13 are joined by a hole-down metal fitting 14 (the hole-down metal fitting 14 is not shown in FIG. 1). Other than this hole-down hardware 14, no hardware such as screws or nails is used at the joints between the lattice material 3, columns 12, and beams 13.

In addition, in the lattice main body 1, the opening 11 includes the opening portion surrounded by the left and right vertical members 31 and the upper and lower horizontal members 32 (that is, the opening portion surrounded by the lattice material 3 on the entire circumference), The peripheral portion of the main body 1 also includes an opening surrounded by the vertical members 31 and the horizontal members 32, and the pillars 12 and/or beams 13 (that is, an opening surrounded by the lattice members 3 and other members). All openings 11 are squares of the same size, and in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, 35 openings 11 are formed.

The reinforcing material 2 is made of a thin steel plate. Note that the thin steel plate refers to a steel plate with a thickness of 3 mm or less. As shown in FIG. 4(a), this reinforcing material 2 includes one plate-shaped closing portion 21 having the same shape (square of the same size) as the opening 11 of the lattice body 1, and each of the closing portions 21. It has four rectangular flat plate-shaped fixing parts 22 extending from the sides in a direction perpendicular to the closing part 21. All of the fixing parts 22 extend in the same direction with respect to the closing part 21, and adjacent fixing parts 22 are welded and joined from the inside. That is, the reinforcing member 2 is box-shaped with the closing portion 21 as the bottom surface and the fixing portions 22 as the four circumferential side surfaces. However, the extension width of the fixing portion 22 (height when the closing portion 21 is the bottom surface) is shorter than the expected width of the lattice main body 1 (thickness of the lattice material 3). Note that the fixing portion 22 is formed with screw holes 221 through which screws for screwing the reinforcing material 2 to the grid material 3 are passed. Moreover, this reinforcing material 2 is formed by bending a single thin steel plate, and the state before bending is shown in FIG. 4(b). The boundary between the closing part 21 and the fixed part 22 is a fold of the thin steel plate.

The reinforcing material 2 thus formed is attached to the opening 11 of the lattice main body 1, as shown in FIG. That is, the closing part 21 has the same shape as the opening 11, and as shown in FIG. 5(a), the reinforcing material 2 is inserted into the opening 11 so that the closing part 21 closes the opening 11. . At this time, the closing portion 21 becomes flush with the facing surface of the lattice material 3 (the surface on the back side in FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 5(b), the upper, lower, left, and right fixing parts 22 are in contact with the inner peripheral surfaces of the lattice members 3 (vertical members 31 and horizontal members 32) surrounding the opening 11, respectively, and the screws 222 are passed through the screw holes 221, and each fixing part 22 is screwed and fixed to the grid material 3 in contact with it. Further, the reinforcing member 2 attached to the opening 11 at the peripheral edge of the lattice main body 1 is fixed with a part of its fixing part 22 abutting against the column 12 and/or the beam 13. Therefore, the fixing parts 22 around the four peripheries of the reinforcing member 2 attached to any opening 11 are fixed to either the lattice member 3, the pillars 12, or the beams 13.

Note that one or more reinforcing members 2 are attached to one lattice main body 1, but the number of reinforcing members 2 is smaller than the number of openings 11. In other words, the reinforcing material 2 is attached to some of the openings 11, forming a reinforcing region 100, and the reinforcing material 2 is not attached to the remaining openings 11, forming an open region 200 that remains open. There is.

Next, a test to confirm the performance of the grid wall constructed in this way will be explained. The grid wall used in the test was a full-scale one, and the grid members 3 (vertical members 31 and horizontal members 32) constituting the grid body 1 were made of 90 mm square cedar, and each opening 11 was 300 mm in length and width. It is a square. The reinforcing member 2 is made of a thin steel plate with a plate thickness of 0.6 mm, and the closing part 21 has the same square shape as the opening 11, measuring 300 mm in length and width. height) is 65 mm. The lattice wall without this reinforcing material 2 is specimen A (Fig. 6(a)), the lattice wall with one reinforcing material 2 is specimen B (Fig. 6(b)), and the lattice wall with one reinforcing material 2 is specimen B (Fig. 6(b)). The lattice wall to which Material 2 was attached was designated as test specimen C (FIG. 6(c)). In addition, in the test specimen B, one reinforcing member 2 is attached to the opening 11 that is fifth from the top and fourth from the left. In the test specimen C, the two reinforcing members 2 are attached to the openings 11 that are fifth from the top and fourth and fifth from the left.

A load was applied to these specimens A to C using a wall testing machine. More specifically, the lower beam 13 of each test specimen was fixed to the floor surface, and a force was applied to the upper beam 13 in the left-right direction. The force application method was to repeat the loading three times in positive and negative alternating directions, with one side in the left and right direction being positive and the other being negative, and the loading history was such that the deformation angle (= displacement / height) was 1/450, 1/300, 1 After setting the load to /200, 1/150, 1/100, 1/75, 1/50, and 1/30 rad, it was decided to switch to monotonous loading and cut off.

As a result of tests based on these conditions, in all of the test specimens, omission of tenons and widening of gaps at joints were observed in the lattice body 1, but no local destruction occurred. On the other hand, the reinforcing material 2 was deformed in a wavy manner as if an x mark was drawn on the diagonal of the closed portion 21. The load-displacement relationship of each test specimen was as shown in the graph of FIG. 7. In this graph, the horizontal axis represents the deformation angle (rad) and the vertical axis represents the load (kN). According to this, it was confirmed that as the number of reinforcing materials 2 increased, the maximum load at each deformation angle increased, and the seismic performance improved. Further, the load-displacement relationship of each test specimen at the time of small deformation (in a range where the deformation angle is small) was as shown in the graph of FIG. 8. This graph also shows the deformation angle (rad) on the horizontal axis and the load (kN) on the vertical axis. According to this, as the number of reinforcing members 2 increases, the slope of the curve becomes larger, which means that it becomes more difficult to deform when the same amount of load is applied, and the initial rigidity improves. confirmed.

Then, when calculating the wall magnification based on the load value when the deformation angle is 1/120 rad in the graph of FIG. 8, the wall magnification is 0.8 for specimen A, 1.2 for specimen B, and 1.8 for specimen C. (The wall magnification of 1x means that the wall can resist a horizontal load of 1.96 kN per meter of wall length.) Therefore, it was confirmed that each time the number of reinforcement members 2 was increased by one, the wall magnification increased by 1.5 times.

Furthermore, in the graph of FIG. 7, the area of the portion surrounded by the envelope for each test specimen represents the amount of energy absorbed. For example, the graph in FIG. 9 shows the envelope of each test piece when the deformation angle is 1/300 rad (the horizontal axis shows displacement (mm)). Here, in order to confirm how the energy absorption amount changed by attaching the reinforcement material 2, we compared the energy absorption amount of the specimen B (no reinforcement material 2) with the energy absorption amount of the specimen A (no reinforcement material 2) at each deformation angle. The ratio of the energy absorption amount of specimen C (one piece of reinforcing material 2) and test specimen C (two pieces of reinforcing material 2) was calculated. The graph in FIG. 10 shows the results. According to this, the smaller the deformation angle, the larger the value of the ratio, and the difference between the value for specimen B and the value for specimen C is also larger (the value for specimen C is larger). ). This means that the reinforcing materials 2 improve the initial rigidity of the grid wall during small deformations, and that increasing the number of reinforcing materials 2 further improves the initial rigidity. Further, as the deformation angle increases, the ratio value becomes smaller but larger than 1, and the difference between the value for test specimen B and the value for test specimen C also becomes smaller. In other words, the effect of reinforcing material 2 on the toughness of the face lattice wall during large deformation is smaller than the effect on the initial stiffness during small deformation, but the effect of reinforcing material 2 on the toughness of the face lattice wall during large deformation is smaller than the effect on the initial stiffness when the face lattice wall undergoes large deformation. This shows that the toughness performance is also improved to some extent.

The strength of this lattice wall is the sum of the moment resistance of each joint (shiguchi) of the lattice material 3 and the moment resistance of the reinforcing material 2, and is not affected by the position of the moment. be. That is, if the number of reinforcing members 2 is the same, the yield strength of the grid wall is the same regardless of the position of the opening 11 to which the reinforcing members 2 are attached. Therefore, the placement of the reinforcing materials 2 is flexible based on viewpoints other than seismic performance, such as combining multiple reinforcing materials 2 to represent designs or letters, or attaching them at eye level to hide them. Can be set to

Further, as in the above test, if the load that the grid wall receives is below a certain level, the grid body 1, columns 12, and beams 13 will not be damaged even if the reinforcing material 2 is deformed. In such a state, the grid wall can be used continuously by replacing only the reinforcing material 2. When replacing the reinforcing material 2, screw holes are formed in the lattice material 3 of the opening 11 where the reinforcing material 2 was originally attached, so it is possible to attach the new reinforcing material 2 and securely fix it. Although it may not be possible, as mentioned above, the position of the reinforcing material 2 does not affect the seismic performance, so it is sufficient to attach the new reinforcing material 2 to a different position from the original reinforcing material 2.

According to the lattice wall of the present invention configured in this manner, the opening areas 200 ensure ventilation and lighting, and the reinforced areas 100 ensure high yield strength. In other words, when a small deformation occurs, a high yield strength is obtained by responding to the initial rigidity of the reinforcing material 2 made of thin steel plates, and when a large deformation occurs, in addition to the sinking behavior of the wood at the joints between the lattice members 3, the reinforcing material 2 made of thin steel plates High yield strength can be obtained by responding with the toughness of the reinforcing material 2. Therefore, it functions as a load-bearing wall both in the case of small deformation and in the case of large deformation. Further, the reinforcing material 2 has a fixing part 22 that is fixed by coming into contact with the lattice material 3, the pillars 12, and the beams 13, and the reinforcing material 2 is securely fixed to the lattice material 3, the pillars 12, and the beams 13. Therefore, it becomes a load-bearing wall with higher strength. In addition, since the closed part 21 of the reinforcing material 2 is square and the adjacent fixing parts 22 are joined, the reinforcing material 2 is box-shaped and has high rigidity, making it more durable as a load-bearing wall. . Moreover, since the reinforcing material 2 is made by bending one thin steel plate, it has higher rigidity, and the closing part 21 and the fixing part 22 can be easily formed. Note that by attaching reinforcing members 2 made of thin steel plates to an existing vertical and horizontal lattice, the surface lattice wall of the present invention can be obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the spirit of the invention. For example, the thickness, number, spacing, etc. of the grid members can be changed as appropriate depending on the conditions of the installation location. In addition, increasing the number of reinforcing materials and widening the reinforced area will further improve seismic performance, and reducing the number of reinforcing materials and widening the opening area will improve ventilation and lighting performance. It can be changed as appropriate depending on the situation of the installation location. Furthermore, the joints between the lattice materials are not limited to those with phase-cut joints, but may also be joints such as lap joints in which notches are not formed in the lattice materials. Additionally, the spacing between the vertical members and the spacing between the horizontal members may be different, the openings and the closed portions of the reinforcing material may be rectangular, and the lattice members may intersect at angles other than right angles. The opening and the closing portion of the reinforcing material may be in the shape of a parallelogram or a rhombus. Further, in the above embodiments, the columns and beams are joined by hole-down metal fittings, but such metal fittings may not be used at all to join the pieces of wood. In addition, the reinforcing material may be flat plate-shaped and fixed to the facing surface of the lattice body, or may have a blocking part and a fixing part, with the fixing part extending from each side facing in a different direction with respect to the blocking part. The closing part and the fixing part may be made of separate members and both may be joined by means such as welding or screwing.

1 Lattice main body 2 Reinforcement material 3 Lattice material 11 Opening section 21 Closing section 22 Fixed section 31 Vertical member 32 Horizontal member 100 Reinforcement area 200 Opening area

Claims (5)

A lattice body made of cross-woven wooden lattice members and having a plurality of openings surrounded by the lattice members, and a reinforcing member made of a thin steel plate,
Some of the openings are closed reinforcing areas with the reinforcing material attached, and the remaining openings are open areas where the reinforcing material is not attached. A lattice wall characterized by: The reinforcing material has a closing part having the same shape as the opening, and a fixing part extending from the periphery of the closing part in a direction perpendicular to the closing part,
The surface according to claim 1, wherein the closing portion closes the opening, and the fixing portion is fixed in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the lattice material surrounding the opening. lattice wall. The opening part and the closing part have a polygonal shape,
The fixing portions extending from each side of the closing portion extend in the same direction with respect to the closing portion, and adjacent fixing portions are joined to each other. The lattice wall described in 2. 4. The grid wall according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcing material is formed by bending a single thin steel plate. 1. The lattice member is comprised of vertically extending vertical members and horizontally extending horizontal members, the vertical members and the horizontal members are perpendicular to each other, and the opening is rectangular. , 2, 3 or 4.

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