JP7426884B2 - 導電性粒子、その製造方法及びそれを含む導電性材料 - Google Patents
導電性粒子、その製造方法及びそれを含む導電性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7426884B2 JP7426884B2 JP2020067328A JP2020067328A JP7426884B2 JP 7426884 B2 JP7426884 B2 JP 7426884B2 JP 2020067328 A JP2020067328 A JP 2020067328A JP 2020067328 A JP2020067328 A JP 2020067328A JP 7426884 B2 JP7426884 B2 JP 7426884B2
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Description
親水化処理としては、酸処理、アルカリ処理、オゾン処理、プラズマ処理等が挙げられる。これらの中、酸処理として、例えば特許文献1の比較例には、芯材粒子をクロム酸処理することが記載されている。特許文献2の実施例には、芯材粒子を過マンガン酸カリウムにより処理することが記載されている。特許文献3には、クロム酸及び過マンガン酸カリウムを主成分とする混合液により芯材粒子を親水化処理することが記載されている。
したがって本発明の目的は、従来よりも芯材粒子と導電層の密着性及び突起形成能に優れ、芯材粒子の硬さが微調整されることにより、所望の特性を有する導電性粒子を提供することにある。
また本発明は、クロム化合物で親水化処理した芯材粒子の表面に導電層を形成する導電性粒子の製造方法であって、芯材粒子の親水化処理を、芯材粒子のスラリーにクロム化合物を添加することで行うことを特徴とする導電性粒子の製造方法を提供するものである。
Rsp=(Rav-Rb)/Rb (1)
ここで、Ravは測定試料となる芯材粒子が存在する水溶媒の緩和時間の逆数を表し、Rbはブランクとなる水の緩和時間の逆数を表す。このRsp値は、大きいほど親水性が高いことを示すものであるが、上記範囲とすることで、芯材粒子と導電層の密着性に優れるという効果を得ることができる。
第1工程は、芯材粒子の水性スラリーと、分散剤、ニッケル塩、還元剤及び錯化剤などを含んだ無電解ニッケルめっき浴とを混合する無電解ニッケルめっき工程である。かかる第1工程では、芯材粒子上への導電層の形成と同時にめっき浴の自己分解が起こる。この自己分解は、芯材粒子の近傍で生じるため、導電層の形成時に自己分解物が芯材粒子表面上に捕捉されることによって、微小突起の核が生成し、それと同時に導電層の形成がなされる。生成した微小突起の核を基点として、突起部が成長する。
(1)芯材粒子のRsp値の測定
純水20mLに芯材粒子0.05g及び界面活性剤(花王(株)製、エマルゲン430)1mLを加え、ホモジナイザーで分散して試料溶液を得た。得られた試料溶液500μLをパルスNMR粒子界面特性評価装置(Xigo nanotools製 Acorn Area)により芯材粒子の緩和時間を測定した。また、ブランクとして上記界面活性剤1mLを純水に添加した溶液の緩和時間を測定し、次式により緩和時定数Rsp値を求めた。
Rsp=(Rav-Rb)/Rb
(ただし、Ravは芯材粒子の緩和時間の逆数であり、Rbは純水の緩和時間の逆数である。)
(2)芯材粒子の残存クロム量
芯材粒子100mgを純水50mLに分散し120分間煮沸後、芯材粒子を濾過して得られた濾液を試料溶液とした。この試料溶液のクロム濃度を原子吸光分析装置((株)日立ハイテクサイエンス製、ZA3000)により測定し、芯材粒子の残存クロム量を算出した。
(3)芯材粒子の硬さ
微小圧縮試験機MCTM-500((株)島津製作所製)を用いて、芯材粒子を負荷速度2.275mN/秒の条件で圧縮し、芯材粒子の粒子径の10%圧縮変形させたときの圧縮硬さ(10%K値)を測定した。
平均粒子径3μmの球状スチレン系樹脂粒子を芯材粒子として用いた。この芯材粒子の10%K値は7000N/mm2であった。25℃の純水100mLに芯材粒子20gを加え、30分間撹拌して芯材粒子の分散液を得た。この分散液を50℃に昇温後、50℃の50質量%無水クロム酸水溶液(日本化学工業(株)製)600mLを60分かけて滴下した。その後、25℃まで冷却して芯材粒子を濾過、水洗して親水化した芯材粒子を得た。この芯材粒子のRsp値、残存クロム量及び10%K値を測定した結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同じ平均粒子径3μmの球状スチレン系樹脂粒子を芯材粒子として用いた。25℃の純水100mLに芯材粒子20gを加え、30分間撹拌して芯材粒子の分散液を得た。この分散液を、50質量%無水クロム酸水溶液(日本化学工業(株)製)600mLに加え、50℃まで昇温し、60分間保持した。その後、25℃まで冷却して芯材粒子を濾過、水洗して親水化した芯材粒子を得た。この芯材粒子のRsp値、残存クロム量及び10%K値を測定した結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同じ平均粒子径3μmの球状スチレン系樹脂粒子を芯材粒子として用いた。25℃の純水100mLに芯材粒子20gを加え、30分間撹拌して芯材粒子の分散液を得た。この分散液を50℃に昇温後、50℃の40質量%過マンガン酸ナトリウム水溶液(日本化学工業(株)製)と23.7%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の混合液500mLを60分かけて滴下した。その後、25℃まで冷却して芯材粒子を濾過、水洗して親水化した芯材粒子を得た。この芯材粒子のRsp値及び10%K値を測定した結果を表1に示す。
(1)前処理
実施例1で得られた芯材粒子に純水を加えた後、濾過し、一回リパルプ水洗した芯材粒子を200mLのスラリーにした。このスラリーへ塩化第一錫0.1gを投入した。常温で5分間撹拌し、錫イオンを芯材粒子の表面に吸着させる感受性化処理を行った。引き続きこの水溶液を濾過し、一回リパルプ水洗した芯材粒子を200mLのスラリーにして60℃に維持した。このスラリーへ0.11mol/Lの塩化パラジウム水溶液1.5mLを投入した。60℃で5分間撹拌し、パラジウムイオンを芯材粒子の表面に捕捉させる活性化処理を行った。引き続きこの水溶液を濾過し、一回リパルプ湯洗した芯材粒子を100mLのスラリーにし、0.5g/Lジメチルアミンボラン水溶液10mLを加え、超音波を与えながら2分間撹拌して前処理済み芯材粒子のスラリーを得た。
(2)めっき浴の調整
5g/Lの酒石酸ナトリウム、2g/Lの硫酸ニッケル六水和物、10g/Lのクエン酸3ナトリウム、0.1g/Lの次亜リン酸ナトリウム、及び2g/Lのポリエチレングリコールを溶解した水溶液からなる無電解ニッケル-リンめっき浴3Lを調整し、70℃に昇温した。
(3)無電解めっき処理
この無電解めっき浴に、前記前処理済み芯材粒子のスラリーを投入し、5分間撹拌して水素の発泡が停止するのを確認した。
このスラリーに、224g/Lの硫酸ニッケル水溶液420mLと、210g/Lの次亜リン酸ナトリウム及び80g/Lの水酸化ナトリウムを含む混合水溶液420mLを、添加速度はいずれも2.5mL/分として定量ポンプによって連続的に分別添加し、無電解めっきを開始した。
硫酸ニッケル水溶液と、次亜リン酸ナトリウム及び水酸化ナトリウムの混合水溶液のそれぞれ全量を添加した後、70℃の温度を保持しながら5分間撹拌を継続した。次いで液を濾過し、濾過物を3回洗浄した後、110℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥して、ニッケル-リン合金皮膜を有する導電性粒子を得た。得られた導電性粒子のSEM画像を図1に示す。
比較例1で得られた親水化した芯材粒子を、実施例2の(1)前処理、(2)めっき浴の調整、及び(3)無電解めっき処理のそれぞれと同じ方法で行い、導電性粒子を得た。
比較例2で得られた親水化した芯材粒子を、実施例2の(1)前処理、(2)めっき浴の調整、及び(3)無電解めっき処理のそれぞれと同じ方法で行い、導電性粒子を得た。
実施例2及び比較例4~5で得られた導電性粒子を用いて、導電層の密着性及び突起形成能の評価を以下の方法で行った。
(1)導電層の密着性
導電性粒子0.5gと、直径1.0mmのジルコニアボール20gと、エタノール20gとをポリ容器に入れ、ボールミル処理機を用いて、200rpmで10分間回転処理した。その後、濾過、乾燥して導電性粒子を得た。得られた導電性粒子のうち200個を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察し、導電層の密着性を以下の通りに評価した。
○:導電層の剥がれが0個
×:導電層の剥がれが1個以上
(2)突起形成能の評価
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)画像により、得られた導電性粒子の突起の数を、目視で数えることにより評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、表中の評価は下記のことを示す。
○:導電性粒子1個当たりの突起の数が10個以上
×:導電性粒子1個当たりの突起の数が10個未満
Claims (4)
- 表面にクロム化合物が存在し且つ該表面が親水性である芯材粒子の該表面に導電層が形成されている導電性粒子であって、パルスNMR粒子界面特性評価装置を用いて測定した芯材粒子のRsp値が0.1以上1.5以下であり、芯材粒子を純水で120分間煮沸して抽出されるクロム量が、芯材粒子の重量基準で1ppb以上200ppb以下である導電性粒子。
- 前記導電層が外表面に突起を有する請求項1に記載の導電性粒子。
- 前記導電層がニッケル又はニッケル合金である請求項1又は2に記載の導電性粒子。
- 請求項1ないし3の何れか1項に記載の導電性粒子と絶縁性樹脂とを含む導電性材料。
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