JP7417358B2 - 膜電極接合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
膜電極接合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7417358B2 JP7417358B2 JP2019025921A JP2019025921A JP7417358B2 JP 7417358 B2 JP7417358 B2 JP 7417358B2 JP 2019025921 A JP2019025921 A JP 2019025921A JP 2019025921 A JP2019025921 A JP 2019025921A JP 7417358 B2 JP7417358 B2 JP 7417358B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Description
本発明は上記課題に鑑み、例えば、高分子電解質がより高いプロトン導電性を発現できるように補助する新規なプロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤を提供することを目的とする。
図1は、固体高分子形燃料電池(PEFC)の膜電極接合体(MEA)10の構成を説明する断面図である。MEA10は、典型的には、固体高分子電解質からなる層状の電解質膜12を中心とし、この電解質膜12の両面に、触媒層14とガス拡散層16とがそれぞれ順に積層されることで構成されている。電解質膜12の一方の側の触媒層14とガス拡散層16とにより燃料極(アノード)が構成され、他方の側の触媒層14とガス拡散層16とにより空気極(カソード)が構成されている。触媒層14とガス拡散層16とは、いわゆる触媒電極を構成している。PEFCは、このMEA10が、後述する燃料ガスおよび酸化剤等のガス供給流路を両面に備えた導電板を介して複数個(例えば、10~500個)スタック(積層)されることで構成されている。なお、電解質膜12と、その両面に備えられた触媒層14とからなる部分をMEA10(すなわち、ガス拡散層16を含まない三層MEA)という場合もある。
PEFCの電解質膜12の構成材料として用いるプロトン伝導性高分子材料には、高温での動作を可能とする高い軟化点および耐久性(耐酸化性、耐熱性等)と、高温での高い水分保持力、ならびに、低湿度でも高いプロトン伝導性を備えること等が求められる。このような観点から、PEFCの電解質としては、上述のとおり、フッ素系のプロトン伝導性高分子材料が汎用されている。フッ素系のプロトン伝導性高分子材料は、典型的には、超疎水性で剛直のパーフルオロカーボン(-CF2-)骨格(主鎖)と、柔軟ではあるが疎水性のパーフルオロカーボン側鎖とからなり、この側鎖の先端にのみ親水性のスルホ基(スルホン基、スルホン酸基ともいう。)を備えるパーフルオロスルホン酸ポリマーである。なお、主鎖および側鎖は、パーフルオロカーボンの一部に炭化水素部分を含んでいてもよい。また側鎖は、炭化水素鎖であってもよい。
ここに開示されるプロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤は、ポルフィリン誘導体を含む。ポルフィリン誘導体は、4つのピロールがメチレン架橋(メチン基)で繋がった環構造を有するポルフィン(ポルフィリン環ともいう。)に置換基が備えられた化合物一般をいう。置換基は、ポルフィリン環のメソ位(ピロールの間の炭素)およびベータ位(ピロールの炭素)のいずれに結合していてもよい。これに限定されるものではないが、下記式(1)に示される化合物が、ポルフィリン誘導体の好適な一例として示される。ポルフィリン誘導体は、平面分子であり得る。
プロトン伝導性高分子として、5wt%パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸系高分子電解質分散液(シグマアルドリッチ製、5wt%ナフィオン分散溶液、274704、pH1.91)を用意した。
また、プロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤として、代表的なポルフィリンである、5,10,15,20-テトラキス(4-スルホフェニル)ポルフィリン水和物(TPPS水和物、(株)同仁化学研究所製)の粉末を用意した。
ポルフィリン化合物は水に溶解しやすい。またポルフィリン化合物は、溶液の液性により、環内のプロトンに起因して特性が大きく異なる場合がある。そこで、以下の例では、下記の表1に示すように、添加剤溶液としてポルフィリン水溶液を用い、このポルフィリン水溶液のpHを変化させて例1と同じ高分子電解質分散液に混合することで各例の高分子電解液を調製した。
本実施例では、上記で用意した例1~4の高分子電解液をカソード触媒ペーストとして用いた。そして各例のペーストをポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)シートに所定の目付量となるように印刷したのち、乾燥させることで、カソード触媒層を用意した。
12 電解質膜
14 触媒層
16 ガス拡散層
Claims (6)
- 膜状の燃料極と固体電解質と空気極とがこの順に積層されている、膜電極接合体の製造方法であって、
前記固体電解質および前記空気極のうちの少なくとも一方を作製する際に、
ポルフィリン誘導体であって、少なくとも一部にスルホ基を有する、粉末状の水和物であるプロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤と、パーフルオロスルホン酸高分子電解質とを、混合して高分子電解液を用意する用意工程を含み、
前記用意工程では、前記プロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤を粉末状のまま前記パーフルオロスルホン酸高分子電解質に混合して前記高分子電解液を調製する、膜電極接合体の製造方法。 - 膜状の燃料極と固体電解質と空気極とがこの順に積層されている、膜電極接合体の製造方法であって、
前記固体電解質および前記空気極のうちの少なくとも一方を作製する際に、
ポルフィリン誘導体であって、少なくとも一部にスルホ基を有する、粉末状の水和物であるプロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤と、パーフルオロスルホン酸高分子電解質とを、混合して高分子電解液を用意する用意工程を含み、
前記用意工程は、前記プロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤を溶媒に溶解させて添加剤溶液を調製する第1工程と、前記添加剤溶液と前記パーフルオロスルホン酸高分子電解質の溶液とを混合して高分子電解液を調製する第2工程と、を含み、
前記第1工程で、前記添加剤溶液のpHを6.7未満に調整する、膜電極接合体の製造方法。 - 前記高分子電解液のpHを2.3以下に調整する、請求項1または2に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記プロトン導電高分子電解質添加剤は、少なくとも、5,10,15,20-テトラキス(4-スルホフェニル)ポルフィリンを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法を含む、固体高分子形燃料電池の製造方法。
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JP2005105176A (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | プロトン伝導性高分子電解質並びにプロトン伝導性電解質膜及びその製造方法 |
JP2009540125A (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-11-19 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニー | イオン伝導性メンブラン |
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JP2005105176A (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | プロトン伝導性高分子電解質並びにプロトン伝導性電解質膜及びその製造方法 |
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