JP7410469B2 - New shoot growth suppression device and new shoot management method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a new shoot elongation suppressing device installed above a fruit tree cultivation shelf, and a new shoot management method.

For example, in fruit trees such as grapes, pears, kiwifruit, plums, and cherries, new shoot management is performed to remove excess new shoots in order to concentrate nutrients in the fruits and make them enlarge. New shoot management is carried out manually, with workers reaching out from between the branches that extend horizontally above the cultivation shelves and removing the new shoots that are growing upward using pruning shears, etc., especially in the summer. When the growth is early, the amount of work becomes enormous.

It is known that contact stimulation suppresses plant growth. Patent Documents 1 to 4 propose devices for managing plant growth through contact stimulation. However, all of these methods are used for flexible plants such as young seedlings and strawberries, and there is no mention of their use on rigid trees.In order to use the part whose growth has been suppressed afterwards, contact stimulation is required. It is constructed in such a way that it does not damage the plant body. Additionally, tree shoot management is carried out above the cultivation shelves, but these devices are large-scale and heavy, so installing them in a high position requires a sturdy frame, etc. It is not realistic to install it afterward in an orchard etc. where trees are grown.

Publication No. 61-6749 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2-261325 Utility Model Publication No. 6-52426 Utility Model Publication No. 7-13124

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new shoot elongation suppressing device and a new shoot management method that can reduce the labor of manual new shoot management.

Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.
1. One or more string-like bodies,
one or more damaging members fixed to the string-like body;
a drive device that reciprocates the string-like body;
A device for suppressing new shoot growth, characterized in that it is installed above a cultivation shelf for fruit trees.
2. 1. The driving device is a multilayer winding device that simultaneously winds up one end of the string-like body and unwinds the other end. The new shoot growth suppression device described in .
3. 1. It is used for any fruit tree selected from grapes, pears, kiwi fruits, plums, cherries, apples, persimmons, and peaches. or 2. The new shoot growth suppression device described in .
4. 1. A method for managing new shoots of a fruit tree, which comprises controlling the growth of new shoots by contacting and damaging the new shoots from at least two directions with a wounding member.

The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention can suppress the elongation of the injured new shoot by causing the injury member to injure the new shoot, new leaves, and the like. Since the new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention is lightweight, it can be easily installed above a fruit tree cultivation shelf. Since each member of the new shoot growth suppression device of the present invention is lightweight and small, it can be easily installed later in an orchard where trees are already growing.
The shoot elongation suppressing device is a multi-layered winding device in which the drive device simultaneously winds up one end of the string and unwinds the other end.The shoot growth suppression device ensures that the string does not spin idle. can be made to reciprocate. In addition, the new shoot elongation suppressing device equipped with a multilayer winding device is lightweight because the number of drive devices can be reduced, and the device configuration is simple, so the cost is low.
The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention can significantly reduce the labor involved in manually managing new shoots, and can save labor and manpower in agricultural work. It can be suitably used for kiwi fruits, plums, cherries, apples, oysters, and peaches.

In the new shoot management method of the present invention, the wounding member contacts the new tree from at least two directions, so that the new shoot extends along the direction in which the wounding member moves so as to release the impact from the wounding member. It is possible to prevent this and more reliably damage new shoots, new leaves, etc., thereby suppressing the elongation of new shoots.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view from above of a new shoot growth suppression device that is one embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the new shoot growth suppression device as seen from the left side of FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic view from above of a new shoot growth suppression device according to another embodiment.

The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention includes one or more string-like bodies, one or more wounding members fixed to the string-like bodies, and a drive device that reciprocates the string-like bodies, It is characterized by being installed above the cultivation rack for fruit trees.

Fruit trees to which the new shoot growth suppression device of the present invention can be used are not particularly limited as long as they are cultivated using cultivation racks, but include, for example, grapes, pears, kiwi fruits, plums, cherries, apples, persimmons, Examples include peaches, figs, plums, mangoes, almonds, chestnuts, walnuts, and blueberries, among which grapes, pears, kiwi fruits, plums, cherries, apples, persimmons, and peaches are preferred.
The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention is installed above a cultivation shelf used for cultivating fruit trees, but the cultivation shelf is particularly limited as long as the fruiting part of the fruit tree is stretched along the cultivation shelf. Instead, it may be a flat shelf, a diagonal shelf such as a Y-shape, or a vertical shelf such as a trellis, and the number of tiers of the shelf is not limited to one, but may be multiple tiers.

The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention is for fruit trees, and is characterized by damaging new shoots, new leaves, etc. with a damaging member in order to suppress the elongation of new shoots of fruit trees. In order to suppress the growth of new shoots in fruit trees (trees), it is important to damage new shoots, new leaves, etc., and mere contact stimulation that does not damage these will have a small effect on suppressing the growth of new shoots.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view from above of a new shoot growth suppression device that is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic view from the left side of FIG.
A new shoot elongation suppressing device 1, which is one embodiment, is installed above a fruit tree cultivation shelf (not shown in FIG. 1).
The new shoot elongation suppressing device 1, which is one embodiment, includes a string-like body 11, a wounding member 12, and a drive device 13. The drive device 13 is a two-layer winding device in which two main drive pulleys are supported on one rotating shaft, and one end and the other end of the string-like body 11 are attached to each of the two main drive pulleys. It is connected.
Furthermore, the new shoot elongation suppressing device 1, which is one embodiment, includes a limit switch 14 that changes the rotation direction of the drive device 13 by contacting the injury member 12, a guide wire 15 extending along the string-like body 11, The injury member 12 has a control unit (not shown) connected to a drive device 13, a limit switch 14, etc., and includes a guide ring at both ends of which a guide wire 15 is inserted.

The string-like body 11 is wound around a driven pulley so as to have a rectangular shape with a long side of about 15 m and a short side of about 1 m, and both ends thereof are connected to a two-layer type winding device which is a driving device 13.
In the new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention, as the string-like body, any material that is difficult to break even when tension is applied can be used without particular restriction, such as metal wire, plastic wire, roller chain, Ropes, ropes, etc. can be used. Among these, wire is preferred because it is difficult to stretch even when tension is applied, and is lightweight and sturdy. In addition, the string-like body may be formed by connecting string-like bodies made of different materials in the length direction. For example, when the drive device is equipped with a sprocket (gear), a roller chain is used for the part that contacts the sprocket. , and other parts may be made of a different kind of string-like body such as a wire.

A total of six damaging members 12 are fixed to the long sides of the string-like body 11, three each at intervals of 5 m. The injury member 12 is provided with guide rings at both ends thereof, and the guide rings are inserted through the guide wire 15 arranged along the long side portion of the string-like body 11 . Since guide rings provided at both ends of the injury member 12 are inserted through the guide wire 15, vertical movement during driving is suppressed and the injury member 12 is maintained substantially horizontally.

The new shoot growth suppressing device of the present invention is intended to damage relatively soft new shoots, new leaves, and the like. As the damaging member, any material that can damage new shoots, new leaves, etc. can be used without any particular restrictions. For example, blade-like members that damage new shoots, new leaves, etc., such as blades, jig saw blades, etc., and needles. , a concave-convex member that causes scratches with rigid concavities and convexities, such as sandpaper and the hook part of a hook-and-loop fastener, and a hooking member that clips the new leaves in the narrow part and catches the new leaves growing from the new shoots, etc. . Furthermore, when the moving speed of the damaging member is fast or the frequency of contact between the damaging member is high, a square pipe, a chain, etc. can also be used as the damaging member. From these, an appropriate one can be selected depending on the hardness, size, ease of breakage of the new shoots and leaves of the target plant species, the speed of movement of the inflicting member, the frequency of contact, etc. . Whether or not the material is suitable as a wounding member can be determined by visually observing whether or not new shoots, new leaves, etc. are broken, damaged, browned, etc. after being driven for about 3 days in contact with new shoots.

In the new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention, the moving speed of the wounding member is not particularly limited as long as it can damage the new shoots, new leaves, etc. of the target plant species, and the type of the wounding member used is , can be selected depending on the target plant species, etc. The faster this moving speed is, the stronger the impact force for inflicting damage is, which can damage new shoots and shoots. For example, the moving speed of the injury member is preferably 30 cm/min or more and 60 m/min or less, more preferably 30 cm/min or more and 12 m/min or less.
In the new shoot growth suppressing device of the present invention, the frequency at which the wounding member is driven is not particularly limited, and can be selected depending on the type of wounding member used, the speed of growth of the target plant species, etc. . The frequency at which the injury member is driven is preferably, for example, once every 1 minute to 24 hours, more preferably once every 5 minutes to 60 minutes.

In one embodiment, the drive device 13 is a two-layer winding device, and one end and the other end of the string-like body 11 are connected to each of two active pulleys. Further, the drive device 13 has a timer set by the control unit, and can repeat driving and stopping at predetermined intervals.
In the new shoot elongation suppressing device 1, which is one embodiment, both ends of the string-like body 11 are connected to a two-layer type winding device, so that when the winding device rotates in one direction, the string-like body One end is wound up while the other end is let out, and as this winding device rotates in the opposite direction, one end is let out while the other end of the string-like body is wound up. That is, since either one of both ends of the string-like body is wound up by the rotation of the winding device, it is possible to prevent the winding device from spinning idly and to reliably move the string-like body.

The new shoot growth suppressing device of the present invention needs to be driven without being defeated by the resistance of the new shoots. The output of the drive device can be selected depending on the installation scale of the device, the total length of the string-like body, the total weight of the string-like body and the wounding member, the moving speed of the wounding member, the hardness of the new shoots of the plant species, etc. However, for example, in one embodiment of a scale with a long side of 15 m, the power can be selected from 5 W or more and 100 W or less, and in a larger scale with a long side of 50 m and about 20 damage members, the power can be selected from 15 W or more and 750 W or less. can.

The drive device is required to reliably move the string-like body without spinning idly. Examples of configurations for reliably moving the string-like object include using a winding device connected to the string-like object as a driving device, using a roller chain for the string-like object, and equipping the string-like object with a sprocket that meshes with the roller chain. Possible configurations include using a drive device, providing a tensioner to apply tension to the string-like body so that it does not loosen, and using two drive devices to sandwich the string-like body.
In the new shoot growth suppression device of the present invention, the drive device can also be installed on the ground. When the drive device is installed on the ground, the rotating shaft (shaft) may be extended above the fruit cultivation shelf, or the string-like body may be extended from above the fruit cultivation shelf toward the ground via a driven pulley.

The shoot elongation suppressing device 1 according to one embodiment has two limit switches 14, and when the injury member 12 comes into contact with each limit switch 14, the switch is switched and the rotation direction of the drive device 13 is reversed. becomes. By switching the rotation direction of the drive device 13 between forward and reverse directions, the direction of movement of the string-like body 11 is switched, and the string-like body 11 and the injury member 12 fixed to the string-like body 11 can be reciprocated. .

The new shoot elongation suppressing device of the present invention reciprocates the wounding member fixed to the string-like body by reciprocating the string-like body. Therefore, the damaging member can contact the new shoot from two directions. If the wounding member contacts the new shoot in only one direction, the new shoot will extend in the direction of movement of the wounding member and bend downward as the wounding member passes, making it less likely to be damaged. By contacting from any direction, new shoots, new leaves, etc. can be efficiently damaged.

The new shoot growth suppressing device shown in FIG. 1 is only one embodiment, and the new shoot growth suppressing device of the present invention is not limited to this one embodiment. For example, as in another embodiment of the new shoot elongation suppressing device 100 shown in FIG. In addition, a tensioner 16 can be provided to prevent the string-like body 11 from loosening. Furthermore, separate winding devices may be connected to each of both ends of the string-like body, and each end of the n (n≧2) string-like bodies is connected to each main drive of a winding device having 2n drive pulleys. It can also be connected to a pulley. If the cultivation rack has multiple stages, the rotation shaft of the drive device should be lengthened, and pulleys or sprockets should be installed at height positions corresponding to each stage of the cultivation rack on one rotation shaft, and multiple string-like bodies and these It is possible to drive a damaging member connected to. Further, the injury member can also be fixed diagonally or vertically using a guide wire or the like. Furthermore, a configuration may be adopted in which two or more string-like bodies are connected to the same injury member, and in this case, the two or more string-like bodies can also serve to maintain the posture of the injury member. Therefore, the guide wire and guide ring can also be omitted.

Test 1: Grape (Shine Muscat) new shoot management 1
(1) Test method The test was conducted from June to August 2016 using the Shine Muscat grape (cultivated on flat trellis, short shoots, 11 years old) grown at the Gunma Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center.
A 1.5 m long aluminum angle (width 25 x 25 mm, thickness 2 mm) was installed on the leaf surface of the cultivation shelf so that it was rotated at 6.7 rpm by a 15 W motor with the central part in the length direction as an axis. A 0.64 mm thick iron working jig saw blade was attached to both sides of the bottom of this aluminum angle by adhesive over its entire length. The aluminum angle was installed approximately 22 cm above the shelf line so that it slightly touched the upper surface of the grape leaves. The rotation operation was performed intermittently, and the time for each rotation was 1 rotation (10 seconds), and the time until the start of the next operation was 14 minutes and 50 seconds. The machine rotated in the opposite direction after each operation and was operated day and night. The length of new shoots at the time of instrument installation was approximately 30 cm.

(2) Results The installed equipment operated as configured during the test period.
Approximately every 7 days after installation, the length of the same three new shoots was examined over time. In addition, in the unmanaged area, 12 new shoots were similarly investigated. The average values of the length of new shoots and the amount of elongation per day are shown in Table 1 below.

The average daily growth rate of new shoots in the unmanaged area was about 20 to 30 mm from late June to mid-July. In addition, the trees were strong, with some new shoots growing more than 70 mm a day, reaching about 2 meters in late July and more than 4 meters in late August.
In the area where the equipment was installed, it was confirmed that new shoots and new leaves were damaged when measuring the length of new shoots. The average daily growth rate of new shoots in the area where the equipment was installed was about -3 to 5 mm from late June to mid-July. The length of the new shoots was 27.5 cm in late August, which was shorter than at the start of the test, because the tips of the new shoots were damaged and some broken branches occurred. It was confirmed that in the area where the equipment was installed, the area under the shelf was brighter than in the unmanaged area from around mid-July.
In Test 1, a jig saw blade for ironwork, which is a damaging member, was rotated, and the effect of the damaging member could be confirmed.

Test 2: Grape (Shine Muscat) new shoot management 2
(1) Test method Regarding the new shoot elongation suppression device, which is an embodiment shown in Figure 1, from May to July 2018, the same vine “Shine Muscat” as in test 1 (flat trellis, short shoot cultivation, 13 year old ) was tested.
On the leaf surface of the cultivation shelf, a new shoot elongation suppressing device, which is an embodiment shown in FIG. 1, was installed. Wrap the hook part of the hook-and-loop fastener around a glass fiber rod (horticultural dumb pole, diameter 5.5 mm, length 1 m) that can bend against obstacles, with the hook surface facing outward, and attach it to the damaging member. did. The center of the injury member was fixed to a drive wire, and connected to guide wires stretched 25 cm on both sides of the drive wire using guide rings to maintain the horizontal posture of the injury member. The reciprocating operation was performed at a moving speed of 5 cm/sec and an interval of 10 minutes, and was operated day and night.

(2) Results The new shoot growth suppression device was operated from May 29th to July 24th, and generally operated smoothly. Approximately every 7 days after the device was installed, the length of the same 10 new shoots was examined over time. In addition, in the unmanaged area, 10 new shoots were similarly investigated. The average values of the length of new shoots and the amount of elongation per day are shown in Table 2 below.

The amount of new shoot growth per day in the area where the device was installed was 1 to 5 mm. In addition, the length of new shoots in late July was about 0 to 80 cm, and the average length on July 24 was 46 cm.
The amount of new shoot growth per day in the unmanaged area was 13 to 35 mm. In addition, the length of new shoots in late July exceeded 100 cm for all investigated branches, and the average length on July 24 was 154 cm.
After the test, no damage or wear was visually observed in the hook portion of the hook-and-loop fastener, and there was no change in appearance. In the area where the equipment was installed, atrophy of growing points, browning of new shoots, loss of leaves, and falling off of leaves were observed, and it was confirmed that the plants had been damaged by the damaging materials. As the growing points atrophied, the number of accessory shoots increased and there were more small leaves than in the unmanaged plot. Due to repeated stimulation from the damaging parts, entire new shoots withered and some branches were seen falling off from the base.

Test 3: Grape (Shine Muscat) new shoot management 3
(1) Test method The following method was used to examine the effect of suppressing the growth of new shoots on grapes due to differences in the members that come into contact with the new shoots and the frequency of their movements. In addition, since it is difficult to change the experimental conditions of the shoot growth suppression device used in Test 2 (particularly since the injury member is connected to the same string-like body, the operation interval cannot be changed), the same procedure as in Test 1 was used. The inflicting member was rotated.
The test was conducted from June to July 2019 using the same vine "Shine Muscat" (cultivated on flat shelves, short shoots, 14 years old) as in Tests 1 and 2.
A contact member having a length of 1.5 m was installed on the leaf surface of the cultivation shelf so as to be rotated at 10 rpm by a 6W motor with the central part in the length direction as an axis. The contact members are aluminum round pipe (diameter 25 mm, thickness 2 mm), aluminum square pipe (width 25 x 25 mm, thickness 2 mm), and aluminum round pipe wrapped with the hook surface of the hook-and-loop fastener outside. was used. The rotation operation was intermittent, one rotation (6 seconds) per operation, and three operation intervals were set: 5 minutes, 20 minutes, and 120 minutes. The machine rotated in the opposite direction after each operation, and was operated day and night.

(2) Results The installed equipment operated as configured during the test period.
Approximately every 7 days after the equipment was installed, the length of new shoots was examined over time for the same 3 to 7 shoots in each area. Unmanaged areas were also investigated in the same way. The average values of new shoot length and elongation amount are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

The amount of growth of new shoots in the unmanaged area during the one month survey period was 47 cm.
The most effective device in the device installation area was a hook with a 5-minute operation frequency and a hook-and-loop fastener contact material. The material of the contact member is the hook part of the hook-and-loop fastener, the square pipe, and the round pipe, and the movement interval is 5 minutes, 20 minutes, and 120 minutes (the higher the contact frequency), the better the elongation suppressing effect. It was confirmed that damaging new shoots, new leaves, etc. is important for suppressing the growth of new shoots.
At operation intervals of 20 minutes and 120 minutes in the round pipe section, almost no damage to new shoots, new leaves, etc. was observed. The operation interval of 20 minutes in the round pipe section had almost the same results as the unmanaged section, and the effect of suppressing new shoot growth was small. The operation interval of 120 minutes in the round pipe section had a high effect on suppressing new shoot growth, but this was because the branch under investigation in this test section had weak vigor and the amount of elongation was small, and new shoots, new leaves, etc. were damaged. Since there is no management area, it is predicted that the results would be the same as those in unmanaged areas.

Test 4: Management of new shoots of pear (Kosui) (1) Test method The effect of suppressing the elongation of new shoots of pear due to differences in the members that come into contact with new shoots and the frequency of operation was investigated using the following method. In addition, since it is difficult to change the experimental conditions of the shoot growth suppression device used in Test 2 (particularly since the injury member is connected to the same string-like body, the operation interval cannot be changed), the same procedure as in Test 1 was used. The inflicting member was rotatably driven.
The experiment was conducted from May to July 2019 using the pear "Kosui" (joint cultivation, 7th grade) grown at the Gunma Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center.
An aluminum square pipe (width 25 x 25 mm, thickness 2 mm) was installed on the leaves of a pear cultivation rack so that it could be rotated by a 6W motor at 10 rpm and a diameter of 100 cm with the central part in the length direction as an axis. The aluminum square pipe was installed approximately 15 cm above the base of the flower bud to avoid damaging the leaves.
In examining the contact material, three test sections were used: one in which an ironwork saw blade was attached to a square aluminum pipe, one in which an abrasive anti-slip sheet was attached, and one in which nothing was attached to a square aluminum pipe. The jig saw blade for ironwork had a thickness of 0.64 mm, protruded 2 mm from the square pipe, and was bonded over the entire length to both the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating surface of the square pipe. The abrasive anti-slip sheet was a 50 mm wide and 0.8 mm thick sheet with abrasive grains attached to the square pipe from the bottom to the side.
The rotating operation was set to intermittent and operated day and night. In order to prevent the contacting new shoots from tilting in one direction, each movement was rotated in the opposite direction, and each movement lasted for 16 seconds (2.7 rotations). Two operation intervals were set: 10 minutes and 60 minutes.

(2) Results Approximately every 10 days after the installation of the equipment, the amount of elongation of the same six new shoots in each plot was investigated over time. The branches investigated were new shoots bearing fruit. A similar survey was conducted for unmanaged areas. The average values of new shoot length and elongation amount are shown in Tables 5 and 6 below.

During the two-month survey period from late May to late July, the growth of new shoots in the unmanaged area was 21 cm.
The most effective device among the devices installed was one with an operating frequency of 10 minutes and a non-slip contact material, and the amount of extension was 4.7 cm. There was no significant difference in operating frequency between 60 minutes and 10 minutes. Regarding contact materials, anti-slip sheets and ironworking jig saw blades are highly effective because of their high resistance on the contact surface.In addition, in these areas, damage to the tips of new shoots, atrophy and browning, loss of new leaves, and growth from the middle of new shoots can be avoided. A break was confirmed. The effect of the square pipe was comparable to that of the unmanaged area, and no damage to new shoots or leaves was observed. In Test 3, the effect of suppressing the growth of new shoots was observed in the square pipe, but this is because new shoots of pears are harder and less susceptible to damage than new shoots of grapes.

1,100 New shoot elongation suppressing device 11 String-like body 111 Roller chain 12 Injury member 13 Drive device 14 Limit switch 15 Guide wire 16 Tensioner

Claims (4)

one or more string-like bodies;
one or more damaging members fixed to the string-like body;
a drive device that reciprocates the string-like body and the injury member fixed to the string-like body ;
Installed above the fruit tree cultivation shelf ,
A new shoot elongation suppressing device characterized in that the above-mentioned wounding member, which reciprocates when driven by the above-mentioned drive device, damages new shoots or new leaves . The new shoot elongation suppressing device according to claim 1, wherein the drive device is a multilayer winding device that simultaneously winds up one end of the string-like body and unwinds the other end. The new shoot growth suppression device according to claim 1 or 2, which is used for any fruit tree selected from grapes, pears, kiwi fruits, plums, cherries, apples, persimmons, and peaches. 1. A method for managing new shoots of a fruit tree, which comprises bringing a damaging member into contact with the new shoots of a fruit tree from at least two opposing directions to damage the new shoots or new leaves , thereby suppressing the elongation of the new shoots.