JP7401545B2 - 回転翼とその設計方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
- B64C29/0033—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being tiltable relative to the fuselage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/16—Blades
- B64C11/18—Aerodynamic features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/30—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms
- B64C11/303—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms characterised by comprising a governor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
- B64C13/02—Initiating means
- B64C13/16—Initiating means actuated automatically, e.g. responsive to gust detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/10—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
- G05D1/101—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
- G05D1/102—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft specially adapted for vertical take-off of aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/60—Intended control result
- G05D1/652—Take-off
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/10—Shape of wings
- B64C3/14—Aerofoil profile
- B64C2003/148—Aerofoil profile comprising protuberances, e.g. for modifying boundary layer flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/10—Shape of wings
- B64C3/14—Aerofoil profile
- B64C2003/149—Aerofoil profile for supercritical or transonic flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C2220/00—Active noise reduction systems
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Description
本出願は、2018年12月7日に出願された米国仮出願番号62/776,853に基づく利益を主張し、本明細書にその全体が組み込まれる。本出願は、2019年5月10日に出願された米国出願番号16/409,653、および2019年6月3日に出願された米国出願番号16/430,163に関したものであり、これらのそれぞれは、本明細書にその全体が組み込まれる。
[1.本実施例の概要]
[2.本実施例による効果]
ホバリングモードは、規制要件を満たしユーザー・エクスペリエンスを向上させるために騒音特性を低減することが最も重要な、人口密集地域近辺で使用され得るので、この設計のバリエーションによって与えられる音響特性は、利用している人間又は民間のホバリングモード操作に特に望ましくなり得る。このようなバリエーションでは、揚力係数曲線が、前方迎え角における揚力係数曲線よりも浅い傾斜を有するホバリング中(例えば、ホバー迎え角範囲での動作中)の音響性能を改善するために、回転翼は効率的ペナルティ(例えば、~3%)を被る。これにより、抗力の増加はあるが、流入の変動に起因する荷重の非対称性/不均一性を最小限に抑えることができる。この効果は、回転翼の音響性能を改善する従来の手段と組み合わせると、複合的なプラスの効果をもたらし得る。たとえば、羽根を翼長に沿って先細にする、羽根をねじって長さ方向に沿ってピッチ角を変更する、羽根の先端を傾ける(例えば下反角や二面角)、羽根ののさまざまな部分のさまざまなレイノルズ数範囲(たとえば、内側部分の低いReと外側部分の高いRe)に合わせて翼型部断面を最適化する、かつ/またはロータに対するノイズ削減のためのその他の従来手法、などである。ここで、このようなバリエーションでは、回転翼は、航空機の運航の大部分を占めている前進飛行で大きな効率的ペナルティを被ることはない。前進飛行中に前方迎え角範囲で動作することにより、高い推進効率が、航空機に供給される燃料かつ/または電気のコストを最小化し得、再給油/再充電の停止の回数を最小化し得、エネルギー貯蔵システムの車両重量を減らし得、かつ/または航空機の航続距離を改善する。回転翼の効率曲線300の例を図11に示す。
[3.システム]
ここで、揚力係数は、任意の所望の迎え角の範囲で任意の他の適切な傾斜を有し得る(例えば、揚力係数は、任意の他の適切な形状を画定し得る)。
[4.方法]
Claims (19)
- 翼型羽根であって、前記翼型羽根は第1の翼型部断面を備え、
前記第1の翼型部断面は、
翼弦長Lを画定する翼弦線と、
0.002Lから0.05Lの間の前縁半径を備える前縁と、
0から0.03Lの間の後縁翼厚を備える後縁と、
前記翼弦線に沿って0.2Lから0.6Lの間に位置する、0.07Lから0.2Lの間の最大翼厚と、
前記翼弦線に沿って0.2Lから0.7Lの間に位置する、0から0.2Lの間の最大キャンバーと、
上面の凸部と前記凸部の後に続く上面の凹部とを有し、前記凹部の近位に流れ分離点を画定する、回転翼の上面の隆起した特徴、
を画定することを特徴とする翼型羽根。 - 前記前縁半径が約0.006L、前記後縁翼厚が約0.005L、前記翼弦線に沿った約0.4Lの位置での前記最大翼厚が約0.12L、前記翼弦線に沿った約0.44Lの位置での前記最大キャンバーが約0.024L、であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- 表1に記載された前記第1の翼型部断面を備えることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の翼型羽根。
- 表2に記載された前記第1の翼型部断面を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- 前記翼型羽根が1mから4mの間の羽根長を画定することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- 前記羽根が羽根長に沿って先細になっていることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の翼型羽根。
- 前記翼型羽根が羽根長に沿ったねじれ角を画定し、前記ねじれ角は20度から50度の間である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- 下反角付き羽根先端をさらに備えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- 翼弦長Lが0.02mから1mの間であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- ロータが前記翼型羽根を備え、50kから1,000kのレイノルズ数範囲で動作する場合に100メートルの測定距離において前記ロータが80dBA未満を生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の翼型羽根。
- ティルトロータ航空機用のロータであって、
前記ロータはディスク平面を画定し、前記ロータは多翼型羽根とロータ傾斜機構とを備え、
前記多翼型羽根の各々は、50kから10,000kの間のレイノルズ数の範囲で揚力係数曲線を画定し、
前記多翼型羽根の各々は、
第1の迎え角(AoA)範囲と、
第二のAoA範囲と、
前記第二のAoA範囲の下限と前記第1のAoA範囲の上限との間の準臨界AoAと、
前記第二のAoA範囲の上限よりも大きい臨界AoAにおける最大揚力係数(CL)と、
前記翼型羽根の上面の突起と、
を含み、
前記第二のAoAの範囲の下限は前記第1のAoAの範囲の上限よりも大きく、前記第二のAoA範囲は迎え角5度より大きい幅に及び、
各々の翼型部の境界層分離点は、それぞれの前記突起の後部に位置し、
前記ロータ傾斜機構は、前記ロータを、
前記多翼型羽根の各々が前記第1のAoA範囲で作動し、前記ディスク平面がティルトロータ航空機のピッチ・ヨー平面に平行である前進構成と、
前記多翼型羽根の各々が前記第二のAoA範囲で作動し、ディスク平面がピッチ・ヨー平面と交差するホバリング構成と、
の間で変形するように構成されている、
ことを特徴とする、ティルトロータ航空機用のロータ。 - 羽根ピッチ回転機構をさらに備え、
前進構成では、前記羽根ピッチ回転機構は、前記多翼型羽根の各々を第1のAoA範囲内の前進AoAに向け、
ホバリング構成では、羽根ピッチ回転機構は、前記多翼型羽根の各々を第二のAoA範囲内のホバリングAoAに向ける、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。 - 前記第1のAoA範囲におけるCL対AoA曲線が第1の勾配(M)を画定し、第二のAoA範囲におけるCL対AoA曲線が第二の勾配を画定し、前記第二の勾配が0から0.95Mの間である、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。
- 前記第二の勾配の変化率の絶対値が1度あたり0.05M未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載のロータ。
- CL対AoA曲線が前記第1のAoA範囲と前記第二のAoA範囲との間の第三のAoA範囲を含み、揚力係数曲線が前記第三のAoA範囲内の第三の勾配を画定し、前記第三のAoA勾配が前記第二の勾配の半分未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載のロータ。
- 揚力係数曲線が、前記第1のAoA範囲において1度あたり0.1から1度あたり0.13の間の前記第1の勾配を画定し、寿命係数曲線が、前記第二のAoA範囲において1度あたり0.1未満の前記第二の勾配を画定する、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。
- 前記ホバリング構成が、100メートル位置から測定して80dBA未満で作動する、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。
- ハブをさらに備え、前記多翼型羽根のそれぞれがディスク平面内のハブから放射状に広がり、電気モータがハブに組み込まれている、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。
- 前記航空機は前記ロータに隣接する第二のロータを備え、前記第二のロータは前記ディスク平面からオフセットされる、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のロータ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201862776853P | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | |
| US62/776,853 | 2018-12-07 | ||
| PCT/US2019/065293 WO2020118310A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-12-09 | Rotary airfoil and design method therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2022515717A JP2022515717A (ja) | 2022-02-22 |
| JP7401545B2 true JP7401545B2 (ja) | 2023-12-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2021532029A Active JP7401545B2 (ja) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-12-09 | 回転翼とその設計方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US20200331602A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3891066A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7401545B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2020118310A1 (ja) |
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| US11040767B2 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-06-22 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for improved propeller design |
| JP7090813B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2022-06-24 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | サイクロン分離器のための渦ファインダ |
| US11373026B2 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2022-06-28 | General Electric Company | Deep learning surrogate for turbulent flow |
| WO2021045931A2 (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Propeller design systems and methods |
| WO2021092677A1 (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-05-20 | Delson Aeronautics Ltd. | Ultra-wide-chord propeller |
| CN111619360B (zh) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江大学 | 一种适用于太阳能无人机的能源管理控制系统及控制方法 |
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| CN118545247B (zh) * | 2021-02-09 | 2025-04-18 | 杰欧比飞行有限公司 | 飞行器推进单元 |
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| US12420922B2 (en) | 2021-07-31 | 2025-09-23 | Supernal, Llc | Vertical take-off and landing craft systems and methods |
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| US20230382524A1 (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-30 | Beta Air, Llc | Systems and devices for parking a propulsor teeter |
| KR102741123B1 (ko) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-12-10 | 한국항공우주연구원 | 틸트 프롭 항공기 |
| CN115593612B (zh) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-25 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | 一种自配平抗失速高性能翼型 |
| US12312066B2 (en) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-05-27 | Beta Air Llc | Propulsor assembly of an electric aircraft |
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| CN116873195B (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2025-11-21 | 西北工业大学 | 一种用于高速共轴双旋翼直升机桨叶中部的低力矩超临界自然层流翼型 |
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| US20230322362A1 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
| WO2020118310A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
| US11905009B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
| JP2022515717A (ja) | 2022-02-22 |
| US11407510B2 (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| US20220297833A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
| US20210253236A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
| EP3891066A1 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
| US20200331602A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
| US20230365255A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
| EP3891066A4 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
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