JP7389753B2 - 自動車内燃機関用燃料の車上改質による水素の生産量を増加させるための水注入 - Google Patents
自動車内燃機関用燃料の車上改質による水素の生産量を増加させるための水注入 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7389753B2 JP7389753B2 JP2020558912A JP2020558912A JP7389753B2 JP 7389753 B2 JP7389753 B2 JP 7389753B2 JP 2020558912 A JP2020558912 A JP 2020558912A JP 2020558912 A JP2020558912 A JP 2020558912A JP 7389753 B2 JP7389753 B2 JP 7389753B2
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- fuel
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 164
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 88
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-Amyl methyl ether Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
- F02M26/19—Means for improving the mixing of air and recirculated exhaust gases, e.g. venturis or multiple openings to the intake system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/36—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for adding fluids other than exhaust gas to the recirculation passage; with reformers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
- F02M26/43—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which exhaust from only one cylinder or only a group of cylinders is directed to the intake of the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/20—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for cooling
-
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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Description
エンジン効率
燃料組成の影響
Claims (57)
- 連携する車載式接触改質器を備える火花点火式ガソリン燃料内燃機関(ICE)を稼動する方法であって、
a.所定量の水と燃料とを含む混合物を気化器内で予備加熱して気化された水蒸気燃料混合物を生産することと、
b.前記気化された水蒸気燃料混合物と所定量の空気を前記車載式接触改質器に導入して水素と一酸化炭素を含むリフォーメート流を発生し、一酸化炭素は水性ガスシフト反応に付して追加的な水素と二酸化炭素を生産することにより水素増加リフォーメート流を発生することと、
c.前記水素増加リフォーメート流に水を注入することと、
d.前記水素増加リフォーメート流を注入水、フレッシュ燃料及び外気と共にICEの吸気マニホールドに導入することと、
e.注入水の存在下、増加されたリフォーメート、空気及び燃料をICEにて燃焼させて熱排気ガス流を発生することとを特徴とする方法。 - 前記水素増加リフォーメート流の温度を下げて冷却リフォーメート流を発生することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法であって、前記リフォーメート流の温度を感知するセンサを提供することと、制御された外気との熱交換関係において前記リフォーメートを車載式熱交換器に送ることにより、前記リフォーメートを所定の温度範囲に冷却することを含む方法。
- 前記温度センサは、外気状態に応じて前記熱交換器の作動を制御する車載式エンジン管理システム(EMS)に向けてシグナルを発する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 段階1(e)の熱排気ガス流の少なくとも一部は排気ガスリサイクル(EGR)ループに送られ、前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに導入される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法であって、前記熱排気ガス流の少なくとも一部はまず熱交換器又は自動車用インタークーラに送られて冷却排気ガス流が提供され、前記冷却排気ガス流は前記排気ガスリサイクル(EGR)ループに送られ、前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに導入される方法。
- 前記冷却排気ガス流の少なくとも一部は前記熱交換器又はインタークーラからコンデンサに送られ、前記冷却排気ガス流から水を凝縮回収する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記コンデンサからの水は、本プロセスで使用するために車載式水貯蔵容器に送られるか、或いは燃料と共に前記気化器に直接導入される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ICEはターボチャージャ又はスーパーチャージャと合わせて稼動される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- リサイクルされた排気ガスのソースである改質シリンダとして稼動する少なくとも1本の専用排気ガスリサイクル改質シリンダと、少なくとも1本の他のシリンダとを備える火花点火式ガソリン燃料内燃機関(ICE)を稼動する方法であって、
a.エンジン吸気と冷却排気ガスリサイクル(EGR)流とをEGRミキサにて混合し、空気/EGR混合流を発生することと、
b.前記空気/EGR混合流を、前記前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガスリサイクル改質シリンダ及び前記少なくとも1本の他のシリンダに送るために前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに導入することと、
c.前記吸気マニホールドにて水蒸気を前記空気/EGR混合流に注入して、空気、EGR及び水蒸気の混合流を発生することと、
d.吸気行程の前又は吸気行程中であって燃焼サイクルの前に、一定量の燃料を前記空気、EGR及び水蒸気の混合流と共に前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガスリサイクル改質シリンダに注入して燃料リッチ混合流を提供することと、
e.前記燃料リッチ混合流を前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガスリサイクル改質シリンダにて燃焼改質して水素と一酸化炭素を含む混合流を生産し、一酸化炭素は水性ガスシフト反応に付して追加的な水素と二酸化炭素を生産し、前記改質シリンダで燃焼を行い熱排気ガス流を発生することと、
f.水素と一酸化炭素を含む前記熱排気ガス流を冷却して段階(a)の前記冷却排気ガスリサイクル流を発生すること及び前記冷却排気ガスリサイクル流を前記EGRミキサに送ることと、
g.所定量の燃料を前記少なくとも1本の他のシリンダに注入して、これらのシリンダに存在する前記空気、EGR及び水蒸気との完全燃焼を行うこと及び排気ガス流を大気中に放出することとを特徴とする方法。 - 前記熱排気ガス流を、所定の温度範囲に冷却するために車載式熱交換器又は自動車用インタークーラに送る、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器又はインタークーラは外気によって冷却される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却排気ガスリサイクル流の少なくとも一部は、前記熱交換器又はインタークーラからコンデンサに送られて、前記冷却排気ガスリサイクル流から水を凝縮回収する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記コンデンサからの水は、本プロセスで使用するために車載式水貯蔵容器に送られる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- リサイクルされた排気ガスのソースである少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダ、少なくとも1本の他のシリンダ及び連携する車載式接触改質器を備える火花点火式ガソリン燃料内燃機関(ICE)を稼動する方法であって、
a.燃料リーン/酸素リッチ条件下での燃焼のために、前記車載式接触改質器で生産された所定量の燃料、空気及び冷却リフォーメートの混合流に水蒸気を注入し、前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに送ることと、
b.前記燃料、空気及び冷却リフォーメートの混合流を前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダ及び前記少なくとも1本の他のシリンダで燃焼させて残留酸素を含む熱排気ガス流を発生することと、
c.燃料を(i)燃焼生成物と共に少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダに注入するか、(ii)前記専用排気ガス再循環シリンダの排気ガスポートにおいて熱排気ガス流に注入するか、或いは(iii)前記車載式接触改質器の上流において少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダからの熱排気ガス流に注入することと、
d.前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダからの燃料と残留酸素を含む前記熱排気ガス流を前記車載式接触改質器に送ることと、
e.前記車載式接触改質器において燃料と残留酸素を含む前記熱排気ガス流を接触改質して、水素と一酸化炭素を含むリフォーメート流を発生することと、
f.前記リフォーメート流を冷却して段階(b)の前記冷却リフォーメートを生産することと、
g.エンジン吸気流と前記冷却リフォーメート流を混合して空気/リフォーメート混合流を発生することと、
h.前記空気/リフォーメート混合流に水蒸気を注入し、前記少なくとも1本の専用排気ガス再循環シリンダ及び前記少なくとも1本の他のシリンダに送り注入燃料と共に燃焼させるために、前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに導入することとを特徴とする方法。 - 前記リフォーメート流は、所定の温度範囲に冷却するために車載式熱交換器に送られる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器は外気によって冷却される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却リフォーメート流の少なくとも一部は前記熱交換器からコンデンサに送られて、前記冷却リフォーメート流から水を凝縮回収する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記コンデンサからの水は、本プロセスで使用するために車載式水貯蔵容器に送られる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 車載式接触改質器を備える火花点火式ガソリン燃料内燃機関(ICE)を稼動する方法であって、
a.燃料リーン/酸素リッチ条件下でICEを稼動して残留酸素を含む熱排気ガス流を発生することと、
b.一定部分の前記熱排気ガス流を大気中に放出することと、
c.燃料を前記改質器の上流において残留酸素を含む前記熱排気ガス流の残部に注入して燃料と熱排気ガスリサイクル(EGR)の混合流を発生することと、
d.前記燃料と熱排気ガスリサイクルの混合流を前記改質器にて接触改質して、水素と一酸化炭素を含むリフォーメート流を発生することと、
e.前記リフォーメート流を冷却して冷却リフォーメート流を発生することと、
f.エンジン吸気流と前記冷却リフォーメート流をEGRミキサにて混合して冷却リフォーメートと空気の混合流を発生することと、
g.前記冷却リフォーメートと空気の混合流を前記ICEの吸気マニホールドに導入することと、
h.前記吸気マニホールドの前記冷却リフォーメートと空気の混合流に水を注入することと、
i.前記ICEの吸気マニホールド又はエンジンシリンダに燃料を注入することと、
j.前記冷却リフォーメートと空気との混合流及び前記燃料を燃焼させて、過剰の酸素を含む段階(a)の前記熱排気ガス流を発生することとを特徴とする方法。 - 前記リフォーメート流は、所定の温度範囲に冷却するために車載式熱交換器に送られる、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器は外気によって冷却される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却リフォーメート流の少なくとも一部は前記熱交換器からコンデンサに送られて、前記冷却リフォーメート流から水を凝縮回収する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記コンデンサからの水は、本プロセスで使用するために車載式水貯蔵容器に送られる、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 段階(b)の燃焼の前に、追加的な吸気を前記ICEに導入して、前記改質段階のための酸素を補充する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は全混合物中1mol%~2.5mol%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中の酸素/炭素比が0.5:1~1:1の範囲にある、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料はガソリンであり、改質中の酸素/炭素比が0.8:1~1:1の範囲にある、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料はガソリンであり、改質中の酸素/炭素比が約0.9:1である、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中の酸素/炭素比が約0.6:1である、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中のH2O/O2モル比が1:1より大きい、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- H2Oのモル濃度が15%より大きく、且つ改質中のH2O/O2比が3:1より大きい、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- H2Oのモル濃度が15%より大きく、且つ改質中のH2O/O2比が6:1より小さい、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料はガソリンであり、燃料のモル濃度が約2%、H2Oのモル濃度が約20%及び酸素のモル濃度が約6%である、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中のH2O/O2モル比が1.2:1より大きい、請求項15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中のH2O/O2モル比が3:1より大きい、請求項15又は20に記載の方法。
- 改質中のH2Oのモル濃度が10~30%である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 空燃当量モル比が0.4~0.9である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 空燃当量モル比が0.5~0.8である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 触媒が周期表のVI族、VII族及びVIIIB族から選択される少なくとも1種の活性金属を含む、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒はロジウムを含む、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記接触改質は、空間速度10,000hr-1~100,000hr-1の範囲で行われる、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記接触改質は、空間速度20,000hr-1~50,000hr-1の範囲で行われる、請求項1又は15に記載の方法。
- 前記接触改質は、空間速度約36,000hr-1で行われる、請求項1又は15に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は芳香族炭化水素を体積基準で0%~20%の範囲で含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は芳香族炭化水素を体積基準で0%~10%の範囲で含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は芳香族炭化水素を体積基準で0%~1%の範囲で含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料はオレフィン性炭化水素を体積基準で0%~5%の範囲で含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料はオレフィン性炭化水素を体積基準で0%~1%の範囲で含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は酸素化炭化水素化合物を含む、請求項1、10、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合物は、前記酸素化燃料を体積基準で0%~50%含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化燃料は、C1~C12アルキルアルコール又はC1~C12アルキルエーテルを含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化燃料は、C1~C4アルキルアルコールを含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化燃料は、メチルtert-ブチルエーテル、エチルtert-ブチルエーテル、アセトン、ジメチルエーテル、tert-アミルメチルエーテル、tert-ヘキシルメチルエーテル、tert-アミルエチルエーテル及びジイソプロピルエーテルからなる群から選択される、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は2-ブタノールであり、改質中の酸素/炭素比が約0.5:1である、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
- 2-ブタノール燃料のモル濃度が約3%、H 2 Oのモル濃度が約20%及び酸素のモル濃度が約3%である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料は、初期沸点が約40℃、最終沸点が約100℃及び芳香族含有量が重量基準で0~5%の範囲にある、請求項1、15又は20に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2019/026872 WO2019209542A1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-04-11 | Water injection to increase hydrogen production by on-board reforming of fuel for automotive internal combustion engines |
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US10612497B2 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-04-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Water injection to increase hydrogen production by on-board reforming of fuel for automotive internal combustion engines |
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CN113286937B (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2023-04-18 | 株式会社Ihi | 内燃机系统以及内燃机系统的控制方法 |
CN113027627B (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-08-16 | 天津大学 | 一种发动机缸内燃料可控重整的控制方法 |
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CN114483334B (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-10-11 | 北京工业大学 | 一种废气再循环结合水直喷的副产氢内燃机及方法 |
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