JP7378593B2 - 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック - Google Patents
電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7378593B2 JP7378593B2 JP2022516143A JP2022516143A JP7378593B2 JP 7378593 B2 JP7378593 B2 JP 7378593B2 JP 2022516143 A JP2022516143 A JP 2022516143A JP 2022516143 A JP2022516143 A JP 2022516143A JP 7378593 B2 JP7378593 B2 JP 7378593B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- end plate
- battery module
- battery pack
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010071232 Protuberant ear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
- H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
Description
本出願は2020年4月1日付韓国特許出願第10-2020-0039760号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
301、302:エンドプレート
400、500、600:ベンティング部
320、330:開口部
Claims (9)
- 電池モジュールを二つ以上含む電池パックであって、
前記電池モジュールは、
複数の電池セルが積層された電池セル積層体が挿入されるモジュールフレーム、および
前記電池セル積層体の前後面を覆って前記モジュールフレームと結合されるエンドプレートを含み、
前記エンドプレート上に端子バスバー開口部とコネクタ開口部が形成され、前記端子バスバー開口部および前記コネクタ開口部から離隔した前記エンドプレート下端部にベンティング部が形成され、
前記電池モジュールのうちの第1電池モジュールと第2電池モジュールはそれぞれ互いに対向する一側に前記端子バスバー開口部及び前記コネクタ開口部が形成される、電池パック。 - 前記ベンティング部は、前記エンドプレート下端部に形成されるホール構造である、請求項1に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ホール構造は、前記電池セルから電極リードが突出して出る方向に形成された排出口を有する、請求項2に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ホール構造は、前記エンドプレート下端部に向かってガスが排出される排出口を有する、請求項2に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ホール構造は、前記エンドプレートを斜めに貫通する、請求項4に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ホール構造は、外側排出口より前記エンドプレートの上端部により近く内側流入口が形成されて斜めに貫通する構造を有する、請求項5に記載の電池パック。
- 前記ベンティング部は、
前記エンドプレートの下端部に形成されて前記電池セルから電極リードが突出する方向と対応する流入口、および
前記流入口を通じて流入したガスを排出する排出口を含み、
前記排出口は、前記流入口と垂直な方向に形成される、請求項1に記載の電池パック。 - 前記ベンティング部は、
前記流入口と前記排出口の間に形成されて、前記流入口に流入したガスを前記排出口が位置した方向に案内する連結部をさらに含み、
前記連結部は、外側排出口より前記エンドプレートの上端部により近く内側流入口が形成されて斜めに貫通する構造を有する、請求項7に記載の電池パック。 - 前記第1電池モジュールのベンティング部は、前記第2電池モジュールが位置した方向と対向する一側に形成される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電池パック。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2020-0039760 | 2020-04-01 | ||
KR1020200039760A KR20210122510A (ko) | 2020-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 |
PCT/KR2021/001729 WO2021201421A1 (ko) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-02-09 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2022548585A JP2022548585A (ja) | 2022-11-21 |
JP7378593B2 true JP7378593B2 (ja) | 2023-11-13 |
Family
ID=77929048
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022516143A Active JP7378593B2 (ja) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-02-09 | 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220302549A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4012830A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7378593B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20210122510A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114270619A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021201421A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20230063235A (ko) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-05-09 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 난연성이 향상된 커넥터를 적용한 배터리 모듈 |
DE102022108757B3 (de) | 2022-04-11 | 2023-06-01 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Akkumulatoranordnung |
KR20230149535A (ko) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-10-27 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 |
KR102670474B1 (ko) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-05-30 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 열폭주 전파를 방지하는 배터리 모듈 |
KR20240074455A (ko) * | 2022-11-21 | 2024-05-28 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 화염 경로가 개선된 배터리 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 |
WO2024122928A1 (ko) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-13 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012099477A (ja) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-24 | Sb Limotive Co Ltd | バッテリモジュール |
JP2013197019A (ja) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 電池及び電池システム |
JP2019140083A (ja) | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-22 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | 電池モジュール |
WO2019203460A1 (ko) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 디개싱 유로를 구비한 배터리 팩 |
WO2020009484A1 (ko) | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열수축성 튜브를 포함하는 배터리 모듈 |
JP2020501320A (ja) | 2017-04-06 | 2020-01-16 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | エンドプレート、バッテリーモジュール、バッテリーモジュールを含むバッテリーパック及びバッテリーパックを含む自動車 |
WO2021125469A1 (ko) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지팩 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100892047B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-18 | 2009-04-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지모듈 및 중대형 전지팩 |
KR20140056835A (ko) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지팩 |
JP6389767B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-21 | 2018-09-12 | 豊田合成株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
KR102468334B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-04 | 2022-11-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차 전지 모듈 |
KR102390607B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-20 | 2022-04-25 | 코버스 에너지 인코포레이티드 | 배터리 시스템 내의 열폭주 가스를 관리하기 위한 방법 및 장치 |
CN208014772U (zh) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-10-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 端板、壳体及电池模组 |
KR20220103348A (ko) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-22 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지팩 |
KR20230040718A (ko) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-23 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 배터리 모듈 |
-
2020
- 2020-04-01 KR KR1020200039760A patent/KR20210122510A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2021
- 2021-02-09 CN CN202180005041.8A patent/CN114270619A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-09 EP EP21782132.1A patent/EP4012830A4/en active Pending
- 2021-02-09 WO PCT/KR2021/001729 patent/WO2021201421A1/ko unknown
- 2021-02-09 JP JP2022516143A patent/JP7378593B2/ja active Active
- 2021-02-09 US US17/641,395 patent/US20220302549A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012099477A (ja) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-24 | Sb Limotive Co Ltd | バッテリモジュール |
JP2013197019A (ja) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 電池及び電池システム |
JP2020501320A (ja) | 2017-04-06 | 2020-01-16 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | エンドプレート、バッテリーモジュール、バッテリーモジュールを含むバッテリーパック及びバッテリーパックを含む自動車 |
JP2019140083A (ja) | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-22 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | 電池モジュール |
WO2019203460A1 (ko) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 디개싱 유로를 구비한 배터리 팩 |
WO2020009484A1 (ko) | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열수축성 튜브를 포함하는 배터리 모듈 |
WO2021125469A1 (ko) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지팩 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20210122510A (ko) | 2021-10-12 |
CN114270619A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
JP2022548585A (ja) | 2022-11-21 |
EP4012830A1 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
US20220302549A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
EP4012830A4 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
WO2021201421A1 (ko) | 2021-10-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7378593B2 (ja) | 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック | |
JP7378588B2 (ja) | 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック | |
JP7456661B2 (ja) | 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック | |
CN116529944A (zh) | 电池模块及包括电池模块的电池组 | |
KR20210127316A (ko) | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지팩 | |
CN114424392A (zh) | 电池组和包括该电池组的装置 | |
JP7472396B2 (ja) | 電池モジュールおよびこれを含む電池パック | |
KR20220000638A (ko) | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 | |
KR20220073664A (ko) | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 | |
CN114556679A (zh) | 电池组和包括该电池组的设备 | |
KR20220112548A (ko) | 전지 모듈 및 이를 포함하는 전지 팩 | |
US20230299414A1 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including the same | |
EP4057435A1 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including same | |
US20230327277A1 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including the same | |
KR20230109983A (ko) | 배터리 팩 | |
US20240274971A1 (en) | Battery Module and Battery Pack Including the Same | |
US20230097757A1 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including the same | |
US20230378599A1 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including the same | |
US11942659B2 (en) | Battery module and battery pack including the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220311 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20220311 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20230329 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230410 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20230710 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230911 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20231002 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20231031 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7378593 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |