JP7374875B2 - vibration damping building - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vibration damping building with a mass damper provided on the upper layer.

In architectural structures such as high-rise buildings, dynamic dampers such as mass dampers and sloshing dampers are used as a means to reduce long-period vibrations caused by earthquakes, wind, etc. Various improvements have been made to such dynamic dampers in order to enhance their vibration reduction effects.
For example, Patent Document 1 describes a tank that contains a liquid and is installed in a structure, piping that is connected to both side walls of the tank and communicates with the inside of the tank, a pump that is installed in the piping, and vibrations of the structure. A sloshing damper is disclosed that includes a control device that controls a pump based on the flow rate of liquid flowing through piping.
Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a sloshing damper in which a sloshing tank is filled with muddy water having a higher viscosity than water.
Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes a cylindrical water tank containing liquid, a divided baffle plate that divides the inside of the tank to form a plurality of sloshing grooves, and a rotation mechanism that rotates the water tank around the central vertical axis of the tank. Disclosed is a sloshing damper comprising: a sloshing damper that allows liquid to sway in a longitudinal direction of a sloshing groove within a water tank.

Incidentally, various earthquake-resistant structures, seismic isolation structures, and vibration-damping structures, including the structures disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, are designed based on seismic standards specified in the Building Standards Act. The seismic standards set forth in the Building Standards Act are intended to protect human life against extremely rare earthquakes. Therefore, even if the building itself escapes damage due to an earthquake, it may be difficult for users to continue using the building.
Modern comfortable living is realized through a stable supply of water, electricity, etc. Up until now, even if the building is not damaged during earthquakes, lifelines such as water and electricity are cut off, making it impossible to continue living inside the building and forcing people to evacuate to evacuation centers etc. Cases have also occurred. For example, if elevators in a high-rise condominium or the like stop due to a power outage, it becomes difficult for residents to even go in and out of the building from their living spaces. In addition, water and other supplies can be stockpiled in case of emergencies, but there are also cases where it is difficult to stockpile sufficient amounts for daily life due to the space available for stockpiling. Furthermore, especially in high-rise condominiums and the like, it is important to secure water for extinguishing fires in case a fire occurs due to an earthquake or the like.

To address these issues, it is also conceivable to use sloshing damper tanks such as those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 to store water in case of an emergency. Alternatively, it is also possible to realize the mass of the mass damper by water. However, when water stored in a sloshing damper or a mass damper is used in an emergency, the water in the tank decreases, and the mass of the tank storing water decreases. Then, if an aftershock or the like occurs afterwards, there is a possibility that sufficient vibration resistance performance will not be obtained.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-334147 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-350788 JP 2017-26063 Publication

An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration-damping building equipped with a mass damper that can store water and suppress deterioration in seismic performance caused by the use of water.

The present inventors have proposed a mass damper using a water tank installed on a floor near the top of a building, in which a water tank including a plurality of water storage tanks capable of discharging water is supported by a plurality of spherical sliding bearings with different coefficients of friction, and the water storage tank We focused on the point that by adjusting the order of water discharge from the building, the restoring force and damping performance can be adjusted to ensure that the mass damper is always in the appropriate periodic band, regardless of mass fluctuations, thereby reducing the response displacement of the building. As a result, we have arrived at the present invention.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
That is, the vibration-damping building of the present invention is a vibration-damping building in which a mass damper is provided on the upper layer, and the mass damper includes a water tank including a plurality of water storage tanks capable of discharging water, and a sliding support part that supports the water tank. , a damping device for damping vibrations of the water tank, and the sliding bearing section includes a first spherical sliding bearing and a second spherical sliding bearing having a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing. , when discharging water from the water tank, water is discharged from the water storage tank installed above the second spherical sliding bearing before the water storage tank installed above the first spherical sliding bearing. As a result, the response displacement is adjusted in accordance with a change in the mass of the water tank.
According to such a configuration, the upper layer is provided with a mass damper that utilizes the mass of water stored in a plurality of water storage tanks. In this vibration-damping building, the water tank, which is equipped with multiple water storage tanks that store water, is displaced in response to the vibrations generated in the building by the sliding bearing, and the displacement is caused by the damping force due to the friction of the sliding bearing and the damping force. It is damped by the damping force of the device. When discharging water stored in a water storage tank, by first discharging water from the water storage tank installed above the second spherical sliding bearing, the mass located above the second spherical sliding bearing is preferentially reduced. However, the influence of the friction coefficient of the second spherical sliding bearing on the friction coefficient of the entire mass damper is reduced. Here, the second spherical sliding bearing has a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing. Therefore, the coefficient of friction of the entire mass damper is reduced. In this way, as the mass of the water tank decreases, the friction coefficient of the entire mass damper decreases, thereby adjusting the response displacement of the building. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of seismic performance of the mass damper due to the use of water.
Furthermore, as the mass of the mass damper, the mass of water stored in multiple water storage tanks is used instead of a solid body or a huge amount of water storage. Therefore, restrictions such as the installation area and the installation surface shape of the water tank on the upper floor of the building are suppressed, and a mass damper can be installed with a high degree of freedom in design.

In one aspect of the present invention, in the vibration damping building of the present invention, the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing each have a spherical shape that is provided vertically facing each other. A pair of sliding surfaces formed as recesses, and a sliding body provided between the pair of sliding surfaces and sliding with respect to these, the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing. One of the first spherical sliding bearings and the second spherical sliding bearing is located on a side farther from the center of gravity of the water tank.
According to such a configuration, the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing are arranged between a pair of sliding surfaces each consisting of a spherical recess that is vertically opposed to each other, and between the pair of sliding surfaces. It is a so-called two-sided sliding type, which is equipped with a sliding body provided on the. In such a spherical sliding bearing, the period is determined by the radius of curvature of the spherical surfaces of the pair of sliding surfaces, so even if the mass of the mass damper changes, the period does not change. Therefore, the mass damper can always be kept at an appropriate period. In addition, by supporting the water tank with the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing installed on the side near and far from the center of gravity of the building, earthquake loads acting from various directions can be applied. A mass damper that can handle this is realized.

In one aspect of the present invention, in the vibration-damping building of the present invention, the water storage tank is provided with a water outlet, the water outlet is provided with a water discharge pipe directed toward a lower floor, and the water discharge pipe is provided with an internal water outlet. A power generation device that generates electricity using flowing water is provided, and at least a portion of the water that has passed through the power generation device is supplied as domestic water.
According to such a configuration, by discharging the water stored in the water storage tank through the water discharge pipe, the power generation device generates electricity, and at least a portion of the water that has passed through the power generation device can be used as domestic water. Become.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vibration-damping building equipped with a mass damper that can store water and suppress deterioration in seismic performance caused by the use of water.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an upper floor of a vibration-damping building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a mass damper provided in the vibration-damping building of FIG. 1. FIG. It is a sectional view showing the composition of the sliding bearing which constitutes a mass damper. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the plan size of a super high-rise condominium and the arrangement of a water tank installed on the roof floor, which was assumed when performing a simulation using a case study model for a vibration-damping building. It is a figure which shows the analysis result of the maximum interstory deformation angle of a building main body in the state where a mass damper is not installed. It is a figure which shows the maximum interstory deformation angle with respect to four notification waves when the mass of a water tank is 2500 t when it is full of water, and is changed in 500 t increments. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing analysis specifications set during simulation. As a comparative example in the simulation, it is a diagram showing the maximum response displacement of the mass damper to four notification waves when the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is constant. As a comparative example in the simulation, it is a diagram showing the ratio of the maximum interstory deformation angle to the basic model for four notification waves when the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is constant. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the distribution of water volume in the water tank and the friction coefficient of each sliding bearing in order to realize the friction set in the simulation with the sliding bearing. It is a figure which shows the distribution of the amount of water in a water tank, and the friction coefficient of each sliding bearing in order to realize the friction set by simulation with a sliding bearing, and another example of examination.

The present invention provides a mass damper that can adjust the response displacement of the building even when the mass of the water storage tank changes by discharging the amount of water from the water storage tank installed on a floor near the top of the building. It is a vibration-damping building. The mass damper is composed of a water tank having a plurality of water storage tanks, a spherical sliding bearing that supports each water storage tank, and a damping device that damps vibrations of the water tank.
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, with reference to an accompanying drawing, the form for implementing the damping building by this invention is demonstrated based on a drawing.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the upper floor of a vibration-damping building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a mass damper included in the vibration damping building of FIG. 1. FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the damping building 1 includes a building body 2 and a mass damper 10.
The building body 2 is used, for example, as a high-rise condominium or the like. In this embodiment, the building main body 2 is rectangular in plan view, and has a structure in which an atrium 3 that continues in the vertical direction is formed in the center. The building body 2 has a plurality of floors 4 in the vertical direction on the outer periphery of the atrium 3. The building body 2 has a plurality of private sections S such as residences on each floor 4. In addition, the use and shape of the building main body 2 shown here are only examples, and other uses and other shapes may be used.

The mass damper 10 is provided in the upper layer of the building body 2. In this embodiment, the mass damper 10 is installed on the roof, which is the top layer of the building body 2. The mass damper 10 includes a water tank 20, a sliding bearing 30, and a damping device 40.
The water tank 20 is arranged in the building body 2 so as to close the atrium 3 from above. The aquarium 20 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and includes a bottom plate 20a arranged along the roof surface 2r, a top plate 20b arranged above the bottom plate 20a with a gap between them, and a bottom plate 20a and a top plate arranged at the outer periphery of the aquarium 20. It has a hollow box shape with an outer wall plate 20c that closes the space between the outer wall plate 20b and the outer wall plate 20c. Inside the water tank 20, a plurality of partition walls 22 are installed in a grid pattern. A plurality of water storage tanks 21 are formed by partitioning the interior of the water tank 20 into a plurality of sections by the plurality of partition walls 22 . Water W is stored in each water storage tank 21 by a water supply section (not shown).

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the structure of a sliding bearing that constitutes a mass damper.
The sliding support portion 30 is installed below the water tank 20 on the roof surface 2r of the building body 2. The sliding support part 30 supports the water tank 20 from below on the roof of the building main body 2. The sliding bearing portion 30 includes a first spherical sliding bearing 31 and a second spherical sliding bearing 32.
As shown in FIG. 3, the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 each include an upper member 33, a lower member 34, and a sliding body 35.
The upper member 33 is fixed to the lower surface of the bottom plate 20a of the water tank 20. A downwardly facing sliding surface 33f is formed on the lower surface of the upper member 33. The lower member 34 is arranged at a position facing the upper member 33 in the vertical direction. The lower member 34 is fixed to the roof surface 2r of the building body 2. A sliding surface 34f facing upward is formed on the upper surface of the lower member 34. As a result, the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f are provided vertically facing each other. The pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f each have a circular shape in plan view. The pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f are each formed as a spherical recess. The recess forming the sliding surface 33f arranged above is curved upward from the outer periphery toward the center. The recessed portion forming the sliding surface 34f arranged below is curved so as to be depressed downward from the outer circumference toward the center.
The sliding body 35 transmits a vertical load between the upper member 33 and the lower member 34 by being sandwiched between the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f. The upper surface 35f and lower surface 35g of the sliding body 35 are formed by spherical convex portions. The upper surface 35f of the sliding body 35 is curved so as to protrude upward from the outer periphery toward the center. The lower surface 35g of the sliding body 35 is curved so as to protrude downward from the outer periphery toward the center. The sliding body 35 allows relative movement in the horizontal direction between the upper member 33 and the lower member 34 by having an upper surface 35f and a lower surface 35g sliding along a pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f.

The first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 have different coefficients of friction between the pair of sliding surfaces 33f, 34f and the sliding body 35. The second spherical sliding bearing 32 has a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing 31.
As shown in FIG. 2, the distance of the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 that constitute the sliding bearing part 30 from the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20 is determined according to the coefficient of friction. There is. In this embodiment, the first spherical sliding support 31 is arranged on the side (center side) near the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20. The second spherical sliding support 32 is arranged on the side away from the center of gravity 20g (on the outer peripheral side).

The damping device 40 damps vibrations of the water tank 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the damping device 40 is composed of, for example, an oil damper. The damping device 40 is arranged between a water tank side bracket 42 provided on the lower surface of the water tank 20 and a building side bracket 43 provided on the building main body 2 side. The damping device 40 extends horizontally between the water tank side bracket 42 and the building side bracket 43. The damping device 40 damps the relative displacement in the horizontal direction that occurs between the water tank side bracket 42 that is displaced integrally with the water tank 20 and the building side bracket 43 on the building main body 2 side.

The vibration-damping building 1 also includes a water discharge pipe 50 that discharges water W stored in the water tank 20 toward the lower floors of the building body 2. The water discharge pipe 50 extends in the vertical direction from the rooftop toward the lower floors of the building body 2. In this embodiment, the water discharge pipe 50 is arranged inside the atrium 3 . The upper end of the water discharge pipe 50 is connected to a water discharge port 21h provided in each water storage tank 21 of the water tank 20. Each water discharge port 21h is provided with a valve (not shown) that connects and disconnects the water storage tank 21 and the water discharge pipe 50. By opening this valve, water W stored in the water storage tank 21 can be discharged to the lower floor through the water discharge pipe 50. The water W in the plurality of water storage tanks 21 provided in the water tank 20 can be transferred between the plurality of water storage tanks 21 by individually opening and closing valves (not shown) provided in the water outlet 21h of each water storage tank 21. The order in which water is discharged to the water discharge pipes 50 can be set as appropriate.

The water discharge pipe 50 is provided with a power generation device 51 that generates power using water W flowing inside. The power generation device 51 includes a spiral water wheel 51r provided within the water discharge pipe 50. In the power generation device 51, the water wheel 51r is rotated by the water W discharged into the water discharge pipe 50, so that a power generation section (not shown) of the power generation device 51 is driven, and electric power is generated. Electric power generated by the power generation device 51 is supplied to each floor 4 of the building main body 2 via electric wires (not shown).
Furthermore, a supply pipe 52 that supplies water W to each floor 4 of the building body 2 is connected to the water discharge pipe 50 . The supply pipe 52 is connected to a water pipe in the building body 2, and supplies the water W in the water discharge pipe 50 to the exclusive section S of each floor 4 of the building body 2 as domestic water.

In the vibration-damping building 1 equipped with such a mass damper 10, when the building body 2 vibrates due to an earthquake, strong wind, etc., the water tank 20 storing water W in each water storage tank 21 can absorb the displacement caused by the vibration of the building body 2. The mass of the water tank 20 applies a force to the building body 2 in a direction opposite to the vibration direction of the building body 2. In this way, the water tank 20 that constitutes the mass damper 10 exerts a damping force that cancels out the vibrations of the building body 2.
Further, the water tank 20 is supported by a sliding support portion 30. When a horizontal relative displacement occurs between the water tank 20 and the building body 2, the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f and the sliding body 35 in the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 The horizontal relative displacement energy between the water tank 20 and the building body 2 is attenuated by the frictional force generated therebetween.
Furthermore, the horizontal relative displacement energy between the water tank 20 and the building body 2 is also attenuated by the attenuation device 40 .
In the vibration-damping building 1, when a power outage or water outage occurs, water W stored in the plurality of water storage tanks 21 of the water tank 20 is discharged to the water discharge pipe 50, and power is supplied to the building body 2 by the power generation device 51. and water supply. Thereby, a lifeline within the vibration-damping building 1 is secured.

As described above, when water is discharged from the water tank 20, the mass of the mass damper 10 decreases. In order for the mass damper 10 to work effectively, the period and damping of the mass damper 10 must be set appropriately. Since the mass of a normal mass damper does not vary, the period and damping can be appropriately set according to the mass. However, the mass of the mass damper 10 of the vibration-damping building 1 in this embodiment is reduced because it discharges the water W that it has as mass. If the spring and damping values do not change in accordance with the decrease in mass, even if the mass damper 10 may be effective against the initial large shaking before water is released, it will not be effective against the subsequent main shock or aftershocks after water is released. There is a possibility that it may not work effectively against
For example, if the period of the mass damper 10 is shorter than the building body 2, the presence of the mass damper 10 may actually increase the building response. If the restoring force is set according to the maximum mass of the mass damper 10, the response characteristics of the building body may deteriorate as the mass of the mass damper 10 decreases. On the other hand, if the restoring force is set according to the minimum mass of the mass damper 10, the deformation of the mass damper 10 may become excessive when the mass of the mass damper 10 is large when the water is full.
Therefore, in the vibration-damping building 1 of this embodiment, even if the mass of the mass damper 10 decreases due to water spraying, the appropriate restoring force and damping are set according to the change in mass, and the required It is necessary to ensure vibration control performance.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the restoring force of the mass damper 10 is provided by the sliding support portion 30 as described above. In the spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32, the period is determined by the radius of curvature of the spherical surfaces of the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f, so even if the mass of the mass damper 10 changes, the period does not change. Therefore, the mass damper 10 can always be kept at an appropriate cycle.

Further, the response reduction effect of the mass damper 10 becomes larger as the response displacement of the mass damper 10 becomes larger. Therefore, it is necessary to set the damping so that the response displacement of the mass damper 10 is as large as possible within the movable range of the mass damper 10. For example, in the case where damping is provided only by friction with the spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32 as described above, it is possible to set the damping to an appropriate value according to changes in mass. However, damping by the friction of the spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32 alone cannot adequately suppress vibrations against small shaking caused by small to medium earthquakes, wind shaking, or post-earthquake shaking.
On the other hand, in the case where only the above-mentioned damping device 40, such as an oil damper, which exerts a damping force depending on the speed, is used, energy can be absorbed even for minute vibrations. However, the damping by the oil damper is constant regardless of the mass, and as the mass decreases, the damping force becomes excessive.
Therefore, in this embodiment, as described above, damping is provided by a combination of the spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32 and the damping device 40.
However, the damping force by the damping device 40 is constant regardless of the variation in the mass of the mass damper 10, as described above. The only thing that changes as the mass of the mass damper 10 changes is the damping force due to friction in the sliding bearing 30. In order to keep the ratio of the damping force due to friction in the sliding bearing 30 and the damping force due to the damping device 40 to the mass of the mass damper 10 as constant as possible regardless of the mass fluctuation of the mass damper 10, the mass of the mass damper 10 is With respect to the fluctuation, it is necessary to increase the fluctuation ratio of the damping force due to friction in the sliding bearing portion 30.

For this reason, in the vibration-damping building 1 of this embodiment, the water tank 20 is divided into a plurality of water storage tanks 21, and depending on the arrangement of the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 having different coefficients of friction, , adjust the order of water discharge from the plurality of water storage tanks 21.
Here, even if water is discharged from the water storage tank 21 supported by the first spherical sliding bearing 31 with a small coefficient of friction and the mass supported by the first spherical sliding bearing 31 decreases, the overall mass damper 10 The coefficient of friction does not decrease much, so the damping force hardly changes. Conversely, if water is discharged from the water storage tank 21 supported by the second spherical sliding bearing 32 with a large coefficient of friction, and the mass supported by the second spherical sliding bearing 32 decreases, the overall friction of the mass damper 10 decreases. The amount by which the coefficient decreases increases, and therefore the damping force decreases by more than the rate of decrease in mass.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the water W in the water storage tank 21 on the outer peripheral side of the water tank 20, which is supported by the second spherical sliding bearing 32 with a large coefficient of friction, is transferred by the first spherical sliding bearing 31 with a small coefficient of friction. Water is discharged before the supported water storage tank 21 on the center side of the water tank 20.
In this way, by appropriately adjusting the order in which water is discharged from the plurality of water storage tanks 21 of the water tank 20 according to the arrangement of the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32, the sliding bearing 30 The ratio of the damping force due to friction and the damping force due to the damping device 40 to the mass of the mass damper 10 is kept as constant as possible regardless of mass fluctuations of the mass damper 10. This makes it possible to balance mass and damping force.

A case study model was set up for a damping building with the configuration described above, and a simulation was performed.The results are shown below.
As vibration control building 1, we assumed a typical high-rise apartment building. Figure 4 shows the plan size of the hypothetical high-rise condominium and the arrangement of the water tanks installed on the rooftop floor. The super high-rise condominium was 40 stories high with the same planar shape and floor height (area: 1, 188 m ² , floor height: 3.5 m, building height: 140 m).
A nonlinear shear mass point system model with multiple mass points was used for the analysis, and the specifications were set to match the values of an average high-rise apartment building. However, in order to adjust the response characteristics, the primary natural period (s) was set to 2.94 s, which is the building height (m) multiplied by 0.021 instead of 0.02. The damping was proportional to the instantaneous stiffness and was set to 3% with respect to the first natural period. As the input seismic motion, four notification waves (phase characteristics: El centro, Taft, Hachinohe, Kobe, level 2) matching the notification spectrum (hereinafter referred to as notification waves EL, TF, HA, and KB) are used.
Figure 5 shows the analysis results of the maximum interstory deformation angle of the building body without installing a mass damper (hereinafter referred to as the basic model). As shown in Figure 5, the maximum interstory deformation angle is less than 1/100, and it can be said that it has the same level of earthquake resistance as a typical building, but the yield displacement near the 10th to 30th floors exceeds.

For the mass damper, the maximum allowable displacement of the spherical sliding bearing was 1000 mm, the tangential period after sliding was 6.0 s, and the friction coefficient could be freely selected from 0.01 to 0.12. Although the setting of the maximum allowable displacement is somewhat large, the set value does not deviate greatly from that of ready-made products. Figure 6 shows the maximum interstory deformation angle for four notification waves when the mass of the water tank is 2500t when it is full, and the mass is changed in 500t increments, and the analytical specifications are shown in Figure 7.
The ratio of the mass damper to the mass of the building when it is full of water is 3.6%, and the additional damping constant of the mass damper due to the oil damper that constitutes the damping device is 20%. The period of the mass damper before the start of sliding was set to 0.1 s regardless of the mass. As shown in FIG. 6, even if the mass of the mass damper changes, it has a response reduction effect, and if the mass is 2000 t or more, the response displacement can be made equal to or less than the yield displacement in all layers.
FIG. 8 shows the maximum response displacement of the mass damper to four notification waves. In FIG. 8, the case where the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is 0.01 is shown as line L1, and the case where the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is 0.035 is shown as line L2. FIG. 9 shows the ratio (response reduction rate) of the maximum interstory deformation angle to the basic model for the four notification waves. In FIG. 9, the case where the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is 0.01 is shown as line L5, and the case where the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is 0.035 is shown as line L6.
As shown in FIG. 8, when the friction coefficient is constant at 0.01, when the mass of the mass damper is large, the allowable displacement shown as line L3 is exceeded. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, when the friction coefficient is constant at 0.035, the response reduction rate becomes close to 1.0 when the mass of the mass damper is small, and the response reduction effect decreases. To adjust the friction coefficient in FIGS. 8 and 9, the friction coefficient can be freely set between 0.01 and 0.035 according to the mass of the mass damper, as shown by lines L4 and L7. , it is possible to increase the response reduction effect while keeping the response displacement of the mass damper within an allowable value.

Next, FIG. 10 shows the distribution of the amount of water in the water tank and the friction coefficient of each sliding bearing to achieve the set friction with the sliding bearing. The weight of the water tank itself is 100 tons, and the calculation is based on the assumption that most of the weight is supported by a support with a friction coefficient of 0.01. The water tank was equipped with eight water storage tanks.
First, as shown in FIG. 10, a case where eight water storage tanks were supported by five sliding bearings was studied. The friction coefficient of the two sliding bearings (corresponding to the second spherical sliding bearing 32) placed on the outermost side (both ends) is 0.114, and the coefficient of friction of the three sliding bearings placed on the inside (corresponding to the first spherical sliding bearing 32) is 0.114. The friction coefficient of the bearing (corresponding to the bearing 31) was set to 0.01.
Water is discharged at a flow rate of 2:3 from the outermost water storage tank above the spherical sliding bearing with a high friction coefficient and the second outermost water storage tank until the outermost water storage tank is emptied. If water is released from the central water storage tank above the spherical sliding bearing, which has a low friction coefficient, the friction coefficient of the mass damper as a whole will gradually decrease from 0.035 to 0.01, which is approximately the same as the setting in Figure 7. The same value can be achieved.
Next, as shown in FIG. 11, a case where six water storage tanks were supported by four sliding bearings was studied. The friction coefficient of the two sliding bearings (corresponding to the second spherical sliding bearing 32) placed on the outermost side (both ends) is 0.088, and the coefficient of friction of the two sliding bearings placed on the inside (corresponding to the second spherical sliding bearing 32) is 0.088. The friction coefficient of the bearing (corresponding to the bearing 31) was set to 0.01.
Water is discharged at a flow rate of 3:1 from the outermost water storage tank above the spherical sliding bearing with a high coefficient of friction and the second outermost water storage tank, and the second outermost water storage tank After it is emptied, if water is released from the central water storage tank above the spherical sliding bearing, which has a low coefficient of friction, the coefficient of friction of the mass damper as a whole gradually decreases from 0.035 to 1.00, approximately as shown in Figure 7. You can achieve the same value as the value set in .

Next, we verified the electricity and water supply capacity of the vibration-damping building.
A water discharge pipe was installed in the atrium of the building, and a spiral water wheel was installed inside the pipe to use the potential energy of the water stored in the water tank to generate electricity using gravity. Water was poured into the water pipe and the water wheel was turned to allow the water to fall slowly. The energy conversion efficiency of hydroelectric power generation is said to be about 80%, and 2400 tons of water located at a height of 140 meters can generate 732 kWh of power. Also, unlike general storage batteries, there is no loss due to self-discharge.
Assuming that it will take a week for electricity to be restored, the amount of electricity that can be consumed per day will be approximately 105 kWh. If electricity is distributed evenly among all residential units (10 units/floor, 40th floor), it will be 0.26 kWh/unit, which is extremely small compared to the daily electricity consumption of a typical household. It cannot be said that the stockpiles are sufficient for consumption by each residential unit. However, the power consumption of the elevator is about 5 kW, and 732 kWh of power generation enables the elevator to operate for 21 hours. For example, by restricting operation late at night or early in the morning, one elevator can be operated while ensuring lighting in common areas. Although it is difficult to supply electricity to private areas, it is possible to stay in the familiar home.

The average amount of water used per day by one person at home is 219 liters. For example, if the number of residents in the condominium is 932 (400 units, 2.33 people/unit), the amount of water used per day in the entire condominium is approximately ^204m3 . However, most of that time is spent on bathing, cooking, and washing. If we limit the use of water to essential uses until the water is restored, the majority of it will be for flushing toilets, which is thought to be about 50 liters. In that case, the amount of water used per day for the entire condominium would be approximately ^47m3 .
Approximately 343 ^m3 of water is released from the rooftop water tank a day for power generation. The water usage fee for the entire condominium is small compared to the amount of water discharged, and the impact on power generation is small. The spiral waterwheel reduces the falling speed of water, so water can be obtained from any floor by turning on the faucet in the common hallway. It may take up to two to three weeks for water to be restored, but there is plenty of water in the rooftop tank. After a week, all of the water will fall to the lower floor to generate electricity, but it is believed that electricity will have been restored by then. By storing some of the discharged water on the lower floor instead of discharging it into the sewer, it is possible to send the water back up again and store it in the water tank after electricity is restored. However, each person must store their own drinking water.
Once electricity and water have been restored, the aquarium can be easily refilled with water from the faucet installed on the roof floor.

According to the vibration-damping building 1 as described above, the mass damper 10 includes a water tank 20 including a plurality of water storage tanks 21 capable of discharging water, a sliding support portion 30 that supports the water tank 20, and a damping device that damps vibrations of the water tank 20. 40. The sliding bearing part 30 includes a first spherical sliding bearing 31 and a second spherical sliding bearing 32 having a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing 31. By discharging water from the water tank 21 installed above the spherical sliding bearing 32 before the water storage tank 21 installed above the first spherical sliding bearing 31, the water tank 20 responds to changes in the mass of the water tank 20. The displacement is adjusted.
According to such a configuration, the upper layer is provided with a mass damper 10 that utilizes the mass of water W stored in a plurality of water storage tanks 21. In this vibration-damping building 1, a water tank 20 including a plurality of water storage tanks 21 storing water W is displaced in accordance with vibrations generated in the building body 2 by the sliding support part 30, and the displacement is caused by the sliding support part 30. It is damped by the damping force due to friction and the damping device 40. When discharging the water W stored in the water storage tank 21, by first discharging the water W from the water storage tank 21 installed above the second spherical sliding bearing 32 which has a large coefficient of friction, the second spherical sliding bearing 32 is The mass located above is preferentially reduced, and the influence of the friction coefficient of the second spherical sliding bearing 32 on the friction coefficient of the mass damper 10 as a whole is reduced. Here, the second spherical sliding bearing 32 has a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing 31. Therefore, the coefficient of friction of the entire mass damper 10 is reduced. In this way, as the mass of the water tank 20 decreases, the friction coefficient of the entire mass damper 10 decreases, thereby adjusting the response displacement of the building body 2. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of seismic performance of the mass damper 10 due to the use of water W.
Moreover, as the mass of the mass damper 10, the mass of the water W stored in the plurality of water storage tanks 21 is used instead of a solid body or a huge amount of water stored. Therefore, restrictions such as the installation area and the installation surface shape of the water tank 20 on the upper layer of the building main body 2 are suppressed, and the mass damper 10 can be installed with a high degree of freedom in design.

In particular, in the present embodiment, the sliding bearing section 30 includes a plurality of spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32 having different coefficients of friction, and is larger than the first spherical sliding bearing 31 installed at the center side of the water tank 20. , the second spherical sliding bearing 32 installed on the outer peripheral side has a large coefficient of friction, and when discharging water from the water tank 20, from the water storage tank 21 installed on the outer peripheral side of the water tank 20 to the center side. By discharging water in the order in which the water tanks 21 are installed, the response displacement is adjusted in accordance with changes in the mass of the water tanks 20.
According to such a configuration, the vibration damping building 1 can be appropriately realized.

Further, the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 each have a pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f, each formed as a spherical recess, which are provided vertically facing each other, A sliding body 35 is provided between the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f and sliding against them. The first spherical sliding bearing 31 is arranged on the side closer to the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20, and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 is arranged on the side farther from the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20.
According to such a configuration, the first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 are connected to a pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f made of spherical recesses provided vertically and facing each other. The sliding body 35 is provided between the sliding surfaces 33f and 34f, which is a so-called two-sided sliding type. In such spherical sliding bearings 31 and 32, the period is determined by the radius of curvature of the spherical surfaces of the pair of sliding surfaces 33f and 34f, so even if the mass of the mass damper 10 changes, the period does not change. Therefore, the mass damper 10 can always be kept at an appropriate cycle. Further, the first spherical sliding bearing 31 is arranged on the side close to the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20, and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 is arranged on the side away from the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20. Thereby, a mass damper 10 that can cope with earthquake loads acting from various directions is realized.

In addition, in the vibration control building 1, the water storage tank 21 is provided with a water outlet, the water outlet 21h is provided with a water discharge pipe 50 directed toward the lower floor, and the water discharge pipe 50 generates electricity using the water W flowing inside. A power generation device 51 is provided, and at least part of the water W that has passed through the power generation device 51 is supplied as domestic water.
According to such a configuration, by discharging the water W stored in the water storage tank 21 through the water discharge pipe 50, the power generation device 51 generates power, and at least part of the water W that has passed through the power generation device 51 is Water can be used for daily life.

In the above embodiment, the first spherical sliding bearing 31 is arranged on the side closer to the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20, and the second spherical sliding bearing 32, which has a higher coefficient of friction, is arranged on the side away from the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20. However, it is not limited to this. The first spherical sliding bearing 31 may be arranged on the side away from the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20, and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 having a high coefficient of friction may be arranged on the side closer to the center of gravity 20g of the water tank 20. In this case, when discharging water from the water tank 20, the water storage tank 21 in the center of the water tank 20 installed above the second spherical sliding support 32 is replaced by the water tank 21 installed above the first spherical sliding bearing 31. Water is discharged before the water storage tank 21 on the outer peripheral side of the tank 20.
That is, the spherical sliding bearing provided on either the outer circumferential side or the central portion of the water tank 20 is made to have a larger coefficient of friction than the spherical sliding bearing provided on the other side, so that when discharging water from the water tank 20, By discharging water in the order from the water storage tank 21 installed on one side of the water tank 20 to the water storage tank 21 installed on the other side, the response displacement is adjusted according to the change in the mass of the water tank 20. It's okay.

Alternatively, for example, the water tank may be constructed in a circular shape in plan view, and the spherical sliding bearings may be installed concentrically around the center of gravity, with the distance from the center of gravity of the water tank being determined according to the coefficient of friction.
The first spherical sliding bearing 31 and the second spherical sliding bearing 32 are not limited to the above, and regardless of how they are arranged, they can be installed above the second spherical sliding bearing 32 when discharging water from the water tank 20. It is only necessary that the water storage tank 21 is discharged before the water storage tank 21 installed above the first spherical sliding support 31.

Further, in the above embodiment, the water tank 20 is partitioned by the partition wall 22 to form the water storage tank 21, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the water tank 20 may be realized by forming each water storage tank 21 individually using an independent vessel and lining the vessels.
In this case, after arranging a corresponding spherical sliding bearing under each water storage tank 21, adjacent water storage tanks 21 are not connected to each other, and the load of each water storage tank 21 is placed directly under the corresponding spherical sliding bearing. By supporting only the mass damper, the friction coefficient of the mass damper as a whole can be managed more precisely and precisely.

1 Vibration control building 32 Second spherical sliding support 10 Mass damper 33f, 34f Sliding surface 20 Water tank 35 Sliding body 20g Center of gravity 40 Damping device 21 Water storage tank 50 Water discharge pipe 21h Water outlet 51 Power generator 30 Sliding support W Water 31 First spherical sliding bearing

Claims (3)

A vibration-damping building with a mass damper installed on the upper floor,
The mass damper is
an aquarium including a plurality of water storage tanks capable of discharging water;
a sliding support part that supports the water tank;
a damping device that damps vibrations of the water tank;
The sliding bearing includes a first spherical sliding bearing and a second spherical sliding bearing having a larger coefficient of friction than the first spherical sliding bearing,
When discharging water from the water tank, water is discharged from the water storage tank installed above the second spherical sliding bearing before the water storage tank installed above the first spherical sliding bearing. A vibration-damping building characterized in that the response displacement is adjusted according to a change in the mass of the water tank. The first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing each include a pair of sliding surfaces each formed as a spherical recess, which are provided vertically facing each other, and the pair of sliding surfaces. A sliding body is provided between the two and slides against these,
One of the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing is arranged on the side closer to the center of gravity of the water tank, and the other of the first spherical sliding bearing and the second spherical sliding bearing is arranged on the side closer to the center of gravity of the water tank. The vibration-damping building according to claim 1, wherein the vibration-damping building is placed on a side far from the center of gravity of the water tank. The water storage tank is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is provided with a water discharge pipe directed toward the lower floor, and the water discharge pipe is provided with a power generation device that generates electricity using water flowing inside, and water that passes through the power generation device is installed in the water discharge pipe. The vibration-damping building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a part of the water is supplied as domestic water.

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