JP7357613B2 - リンパ球の拡大方法 - Google Patents
リンパ球の拡大方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7357613B2 JP7357613B2 JP2020524540A JP2020524540A JP7357613B2 JP 7357613 B2 JP7357613 B2 JP 7357613B2 JP 2020524540 A JP2020524540 A JP 2020524540A JP 2020524540 A JP2020524540 A JP 2020524540A JP 7357613 B2 JP7357613 B2 JP 7357613B2
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Description
他に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。
一態様では、本明細書に記載されるのは、対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大することを含む、ex vivoで抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大する方法であって、拡大は、拡大中に1つまたは複数のペプチドを添加することを含み、前記ペプチドのそれぞれは異なる抗原を含み、抗原特異的リンパ球が拡大される。ある実施形態では、この方法は、2つ以上のペプチド(すなわち、異なるペプチドのプール)を添加することを含む。ある実施形態では、1つの拡大フェーズのみが行われる場合、その拡大フェーズは、プレ急速拡大プロトコル(プレREP)である。ある実施形態では、抗原特異的リンパ球は、拡大中に存在する他のリンパ球よりも優先的に拡大される。ある実施形態では、この優先的な拡大は、抗原特異的リンパ球の濃縮(enrichment)をもたらす。
一態様では、本明細書に記載されるのは、対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大することを含む、ex vivoで抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大する方法であって、拡大は、拡大中に1つまたは複数のペプチドを添加することを含み、各ペプチドは異なる抗原を含み、抗原特異的リンパ球が拡大される。ある実施形態では、その方法は、2つ以上のペプチド(すなわち、異なるペプチドのプール)を添加することを含む。ある実施形態では、ペプチドは可溶性形態で添加される。ある実施形態では、ペプチドは、抗原提示細胞(APC)の表面に提示される。ある実施形態では、APCは可溶性ペプチドとインキュベートされ、(例えば、その表面上のMHCに直接結合することにより、またはAPCによってプロセシングされることにより)その表面上にペプチドを提示するAPCをもたらす。ある実施形態では、APCは、(例えば、翻訳または形質導入を介して)ペプチドを発現するように改変される。ある実施形態において、添加されるペプチドは、可溶性ペプチドと、(例えば、ペプチドを発現するように改変された、ペプチドと共にプレインキュベートされた、またはその両方の)APCの表面に提示されたペプチドの両方である。ある実施形態では、可溶性ペプチドは、リンパ球と共培養される前にはその表面にペプチドを提示するように事前に誘導されていないAPCと共に添加される。
一態様では、本明細書に記載されているのは、対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大することを含むex vivoで抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大する方法であって、拡大は、拡大中に1つまたは複数のペプチドを添加することを含み、前記ペプチドのそれぞれは異なる抗原を含み、抗原特異的リンパ球が形成される。ある実施形態では、ペプチドは、抗原提示細胞(APC)の表面に提示される。ある実施形態では、APCは可溶性ペプチドとインキュベートされ、(例えば、その表面上のMHCに直接結合するか、またはAPCによりプロセシングされることによって)その表面上にペプチドを提示するAPCをもたらす。ある実施形態では、APCは、(例えば、翻訳または形質導入を介して)ペプチドを発現するように改変される。ある実施形態では、添加されるペプチドは、可溶性ペプチドと、(例えば、ペプチドを発現するように改変された、ペプチドと共にプレインキュベートされた、またはその両方の)APCの表面に提示されたペプチドの両方である。ある実施形態では、可溶性ペプチドは、リンパ球と共培養される前にはその表面にペプチドを提示するように事前に誘導されていないAPCと共に添加される。
一態様では、本明細書に記載されるのは、対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大することを含む、ex vivoで抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大する方法であって、拡大は、拡大中に1つまたは複数のペプチドを添加することを含み、各ペプチドは異なる抗原を含み、抗原特異的リンパ球が拡大される。一態様では、本発明は、抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大して、免疫原性活性の増大(例えば、より高いおよび/またはより長い活性)を可能にする方法を提供する。
関連する態様において、本明細書に開示されるのは、本明細書に記載の方法により生成された抗原特異的リンパ球の集団の有効量を対象に投与することを含む、それを必要とする対象における腫瘍を処置する方法である。ある実施形態では、腫瘍は固形腫瘍である。ある実施形態では、腫瘍は液性腫瘍(例えば、血液がん)である。
本明細書に記載の方法によって生成されたネオ抗原特異的リンパ球の集団、ならびに薬学的に許容される担体および/または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物も本明細書に開示される。さらに、本明細書に記載のウイルス粒子を含む医薬製剤も本明細書に開示される。
材料および方法
非同義腫瘍変異の同定
凍結保存された腫瘍組織および対応する末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)からのゲノムDNAを、DNeasyキット(Qiagen)を使用して分離し、HiSeq2500イルミナ(Illumina)プラットフォームを使用して全エクソームキャプチャおよびペアエンドシーケンシングにかけた。ゲノムマッピングツール、fetchGWI27で構成されたソフトウェアパイプラインと、その後に続く詳細なシーケンスアライメントツール、align0を使用することにより、エクソームリードとリファレンスヒトゲノムhgl9から体細胞バリアントをコールした。あらゆる種類の非決定論的予測因子は回避され、偽陰性を最小化するルートが優先され、合意に基づくバリアント検出/予測法(consensual variant detection/prediction method)としてのGATKとの相互比較が96%以上の一致に達した。腫瘍サンプルに存在し、対応する血液サンプルには存在しない変異は、体細胞性であると推定された。
循環および腫瘍浸潤性のネオ抗原特異的CD8+T細胞を、社内のリバーシブルマルチマー(reversible multimers)(NTAmers)を使用してFACSでソートした(米国特許第10,023,657号を参照のこと)。
体細胞非同義変異を組み込んだすべての候補ペプチドのクラスI HLA対立遺伝子への結合予測は、netMHCアルゴリズムv3.4を使用して行った(Lundegaard et al., Nucleic Acids Research 36, W509-512 (2008))。予測結合親和性が500nM以下である候補ネオ抗原ペプチド(すなわち、可能な各位置に体細胞変異残基を含む変異9merおよび10merペプチド配列)、およびそれらの野生型ネイティブ予測ペプチドを、ローザンヌ大学のタンパク質およびペプチド化学施設(Protein and Peptide Chemistry Facility)(PPCF)で合成した(>90%HPLC純度)。
従来の腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)は、他で説明されているように(Dudley et al., J Immunother 2008)、腫瘍酵素消化物および腫瘍断片から作成した。具体的には、8%ヒト血清AB(Biowest)、1% Hepes 1M(Amimed)、1%非必須アミノ酸(Invitrogen)、1%ピルビン酸ナトリウム100mM(Invitrogen)、2mM L-グルタミン(BioConcept)、1% 100U/mLペニシリン-100μg/mLストレプトマイシン(BioConcept)+1% β-メルカプトエタノール 50mM(Invitrogen)、100μg/mLカナマイシンおよび6000IU/mL hr IL-2(GlaxoSmithKline)を補足したRMPI 1640 Glutamax(Gibco)で構成される完全培地(CM)中、1x106細胞/ウェルの密度で単細胞腫瘍懸濁液をp24ウェルプレートにプレーティングした。あるいは、1~2mm3の単一の腫瘍片をp24ウェルの各ウェルに配置し、CMで培養した。プレートを37℃および5%CO2に置き、リンパ球の成長が見えるかどうかにかかわらず、培養開始後2日目から開始して週に3回培地の半分を交換した。TIL培養物を、典型的には2~3週間の間、1×106細胞/mLの密度で維持し、その後、細胞を収集し、プールした。この細胞集団はプレREP TILである。
従来の腫瘍浸潤性リンパ球(TIL)の拡大法は黒色腫の患者に有用であったが、ネオ抗原特異的T細胞クローンの回収を最大化し、あるいはTIL培養物をネオ抗原特異的T細胞について濃縮(富化)するために、TIL培養の最適化が必要とされる。この目的のために、この実施例では、ネオ抗原特異的T細胞の拡大を有利にするために、TIL拡大方法論を最適化することを目指した。上記の目標は、複数の戦略を通して達成された。
実施例1は、クラスI予測ネオ抗原に由来する9merおよび10merの合成ペプチドの使用に依存し、それは、CD8+TIL応答の照合に限定された。したがって、実施例1は、潜在的なCD4+ネオ抗原応答を調べなかった。クラスIIネオ抗原の臨床的関連性と特定腫瘍におけるその頻度15、16を考慮して、この実施例では、TIL生成のこの手段を調べる。CD4+ネオ抗原応答の可能性を調べるために、タンデムミニ遺伝子(TMG)アプローチを利用した。TMGは、全エクソームシーケンシング8、17、18により同定された個々の変異アミノ酸を中心とする25~31mer(図6A)をそれぞれがコードする可変数のミニ遺伝子(最大15個)で構成されるDNA配列である。TMGを適切な発現ベクター中にクローン化し、これをテンプレートとして使用して、in vitro転写(IVT)mRNAを生成し、次にそれを抗原提示細胞(APC)にエレクトロポレーションした(図6B)。この実施例では、APCは患者由来のCD40活性化B細胞であった。重要なこととして、患者の自己プロフェッショナルAPC(例えば、樹状細胞DCまたはCD40活性化B細胞)を使用すると、患者自身のクラスIおよびクラスIIヒト白血球抗原(HLA)対立遺伝子との関連でネオ抗原の提示が可能となり、したがって患者のCD4+およびCD8+T細胞の直接の照合が可能となる(図6B)。ネオ抗原特異的T細胞についてTIL培養物をさらに濃縮するために、自己の改変B細胞(さまざまなネオ抗原をコードするmRNAを一過性トランスフェクトした)をプレREPの段階で試験した(図6B)。
IVT mRNAの作成
上流にT7プロモーター、下流に非翻訳領域(UTR)(図7)(mRNAの安定性を高める役割)を有するタンデムの5つのミニ遺伝子(TMG)をコードするプラスミドDNA構築物を、Geneart(Thermofisher Scientific)に注文した。5つのミニ遺伝子は、位置16に変異がある5つの31merにあり、それらは非免疫原性グリシン/セリンリンカー(図7に詳細に記載の配列)11、19によって分離されている。得られたTMGは、シグナルペプチド(SP)とMHCクラスIトラフィッキングシグナル(MITD)20に挟まれ(図7)、クラスIとクラスII経路の両方による各31merのプロセシングおよび提示を可能にした。DNAを制限酵素Hind IIIで直線化し、フェノール:クロロホルムで精製し、エタノールで沈殿させた。分光光度定量に続いて、1μgの直線状DNAを、mMAchine mMessage T7 Ultraキット(Thermofisher Scientific)を使用したin vitro転写およびポリアデニル化のテンプレートとして使用した。得られたIVT mRNAを、製造元の指示に従ってLiClで沈殿させた。ポリアデニル化および完全性を、変性条件でのゲル電気泳動によって検証した。mRNAは最終的にQbit蛍光光度計(Thermofisher Scientific)によって定量化した。4-1BBLおよびOX-40Lはすでに、pCMV6ベクター(Addgene)のマルチプルクローニングサイトにクローン化されていた。IL-12α/P2A/IL-12βヌクレオチド配列はGeneArtで注文および合成し、T7プロモーターの下流で、pMA-RQプラスミド中にクローン化した。免疫調節物質の配列については、図21~23を参照のこと。直線化後、TMGについて説明したように各分子のコード領域全体が逆転写された。ある例では、実験で使用されるTMGは、合計5つのミニ遺伝子からなり、1つは同種抗原(cognate antigen)をコードしているが、他の4つは反応性でなくてもよい。これは、最も費用対効果の高い方法で異なる患者サンプルに同じ遺伝子構築物を使用できるようにするために行われた。
自己B細胞は、組換え多量体CD40リガンド(mCD40-L)(Adipogen)およびhrIL-4(Miltenyi)を使用して生成した(図6B)。最初に、自己凍結PBMCまたはアフェレーシスサンプルから、マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi)を用いてCD19+細胞のポジティブセレクションによってB細胞を単離した。次に、活性化CD40-B細胞を拡大させるために、CD19+細胞をB細胞培地で10~14日間培養した。B細胞培地は、8%ヒト血清、1μg/mlのmCD40-Lおよび200IU/ml hrのIL-4を補足したRPMIから構成されていた。
未ソートPBMCとの共培養アッセイ前またはTIL生成アッセイ前に、CD40活性化B細胞を、8%ヒト血清および200IU/ml hrのIL-4を補足したRPMI中において一晩休ませた。CD40活性化B細胞を収集し、PBSで2回穏やかに洗浄してから、EppendorfチューブでNeonエレクトロポレーションキット(Thermofisher Scientific)のバッファーTで10~15e6細胞/mlに再懸濁した。100,000~150,000細胞のエレクトロポレーションあたり、1μgのIVT mRNAを添加した。次に、細胞をNeonエレクトロポレーションピペット(Thermofisher Scientific)で10μl(0.1~0.15e6細胞)または100μl(1~1.5e6細胞)のチップに収集し、以下のパラメーターでNeonシステム(Thermofisher Scientific)によってエレクトロポレーションを行った:1400V、20ms、2パルス。その直後に、mCD40-Lを枯渇させた予熱B細胞培地(上記)に細胞を添加した。エレクトロポレーションした細胞を37℃で4~17時間(一晩)インキュベートし、共培養アッセイまたはTIL生成アッセイの前にRPMIで2回洗浄した。
最小抗原ロード(すなわち、クラスI抗原では9~10merおよびクラスII抗原では12~15mer)の場合、細胞を収集し、RPMIで2回洗浄し、ペプチドまたはペプチドプールを補足した1%ヒト血清 RPMIで1e6細胞/mlに再懸濁した。9~10merおよび12~15merを、それぞれ1μg/mlおよび2μg/mlでB細胞とインキュベートした(すなわち、プレロードした)。細胞を37℃で1~2時間インキュベートし、共培養アッセイで使用する前にRPMIで2回洗浄した。長鎖ペプチドのプレロード(すなわち、31mer)の場合、APCを収集し、RPMIで2回洗浄し、1~20μg/mlの長鎖ペプチドを添加した200IU/ml hrのIL4(Miltenyi)を補足した8%ヒト血清RPMIでle6細胞/mlに再懸濁した。次に、APCを37℃で16~20時間(例えば、一晩)インキュベートし、共培養アッセイで使用する前にRPMIで2回洗浄した。
ELISpotアッセイは、プレコートされた96ウェルELISpotプレート(Mabtech)を使用して行われ、Bioreader-6000-E(BioSys)でカウントした。APCをELISpotで使用して、腫瘍特異的TILまたはELAクローン(MelanAペプチドを認識するE細胞クローン)を刺激する場合、3e4のAPC(自己B細胞またはHLA適合細胞株)をl~2e3の特異的T細胞と共培養した。スクリーニング条件において、合計0.5~1.5e5のTIL(濃縮されているまたはされていない)を、2.5e4~le5の自己B細胞(それぞれ4:1~1:1の比)を用いて照合した。TILは、ELISpotウェルにペプチド(最小または長鎖ペプチド)を直接添加(すなわち、ペプチドスパイク)することによっても照合することができる。16~20時間後、製造元の指示に従ってELISpotプレートを展開させた。
1μg/mlのクラスI予測ペプチド(≦50ペプチドのプール)を添加しない(従来の)または添加した(ペプチドでプライミングした)8%ヒト血清およびhrIL-2(6000IU/ml)を補足したRMPI中において、1e5細胞/ウェルの密度でp24ウェルプレートに全解離腫瘍をプレーティングすることにより、腫瘍酵素消化物からTILを生成した。プレREPの開始時にトランスフェクトB細胞の存在下でTILが生成される場合、解離腫瘍は、2.5~5e5のB細胞と共に5e5細胞/ウェルの密度でプレーティングされる(B細胞プライミング)。B細胞はトランスフェクトされていないか、またはネオ抗原をコードするmRNAでトランスフェクトされている。その後、培地の半分を2~3日ごとに交換し、TILを1~2e6/mlの密度に維持した。予測ネオ抗原に対するT細胞反応性は、プレREP TILでのIFNγ ELISpotによって試験した。記載されている場合、TIL培養の全期間中、培養液に10μg/mLの抗PD1 mAb(eBiosciences)および10μg/mLの抗CTLA-4 mAb((Ipilimumab,Bristol-Myers)を補足した(すなわち、図10、12、14(3段目および4段目のみ)および15(CDC20およびSGOLI)。
最初に、プレREPフェーズ中に、パルスAPC(すなわち、ペプチドをプレロードした)と比較して、エレクトロポレーションされたAPC(すなわち、TMG-APC)によって引き起こされる抗原刺激のレベルを比較することによって、トランスフェクトされたAPCによるHLAクラスIおよびクラスIIモデル抗原のプロセシングおよび提示を検証することができた。代表的な実験を示す図8Aで強調されているように、プレREPフェーズ中にTMG-APCによって引き起こされる抗原刺激のレベルは、1μMのMelanAペプチド(ルーチンのクラスIペプチドパルス濃度)でパルスされたAPCのレベルと同様であった。実際に、IFNγスポット数と、アップレギュレートされた活性化マーカーCD137を含むT細胞クローンのパーセンテージは、APCの両方の調製プールで同じ範囲内であった。
TILの疲弊の分析
本明細書に記載の方法は、TILの疲弊の発生を低下させる。いくつかの実施形態では、(直接またはAPCを介した)ネオ抗原の存在により、TIL疲弊の頻度が低くなる。
TILの希釈効果
ネオ抗原特異的TILのTIL生成のための従来の方法は、そのような方法がネオ抗原特異的TILのみを効率的に拡大することができず、したがってネオ抗原特異的TILが希釈されることになるという点で制限される。
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21. Tran, E. et al. Immunogenicity of somatic mutations in human gastrointestinal cancers.
最後に、本発明の好ましい実施態様を項分け記載する。
[実施態様1]
ex vivoで抗原特異的リンパ球を拡大する方法であって、
a)対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大するステップであって、前記拡大は少なくとも2つの拡大フェ-ズを含むステップ;
b)前記少なくとも2つの拡大フェ-ズのうちの少なくとも第1の拡大フェ-ズ中に1つまたは複数のペプチドを添加するステップであって、前記ペプチドの各々は異なる抗原を含み、抗原特異的リンパ球が拡大されるステップ
を含む、方法。
[実施態様2]
前記少なくとも2つの拡大フェ-ズは、第1の拡大および第2の拡大を含む、実施態様1に記載の方法。
[実施態様3]
前記第2の拡大が、CD3複合体アゴニスト、マイトジェン、またはフィ-ダ-細胞の少なくとも1つの存在下で行われる、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様4]
ステップb)が、少なくとも2つの拡大フェ-ズのうちの少なくとも1つの拡大フェ-ズ中に2つ以上のペプチドを添加することを含み、前記ペプチドのそれぞれが異なる抗原を含む、実施態様1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様5]
ステップb)が、少なくとも2つの拡大フェ-ズのうちの少なくとも1つの拡大フェ-ズの開始時にペプチドを添加することを含む、実施態様1~4のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様6]
ステップb)が、ペプチドを少なくとも1回再添加することをさらに含む、実施態様1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様7]
ステップb)が、最初の添加後に毎日、ペプチドを再添加することをさらに含む、実施態様1~6のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様8]
ステップb)が、最初の添加後に隔日で、ペプチドを再添加することをさらに含む、実施態様1~6のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様9]
前記ペプチドが初日から少なくとも2日後に再添加される、実施態様6~8のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様10]
前記ペプチドが第2の拡大中に存在しない、実施態様2~9のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様11]
前記ペプチドが可溶性形態である、実施態様1~10のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様12]
前記ペプチドが約0.1nM~約100μMの濃度である、実施態様11に記載の方法。
[実施態様13]
前記ペプチドが約1μΜの濃度で存在する、実施態様12に記載の方法。
[実施態様14]
前記ペプチドが第1の拡大の開始時に添加される、実施態様1~13のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様15]
前記ペプチドが、第1の拡大の開始時および隔日で2日間添加される、実施態様1~14のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様16]
前記ペプチドが抗原提示細胞(APC)の表面に提示される、実施態様1~15のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様17]
前記サンプル中に存在する細胞とAPCとの比が約1:1~約1:100である、実施態様16に記載の方法。
[実施態様18]
前記比が約1:1である、実施態様17に記載の方法。
[実施態様19]
リンパ球とAPCとの比が約0.01:1~約100:1であり、リンパ球がサンプルから単離される、実施態様16に記載の方法。
[実施態様20]
前記比が約1:1である、実施態様19に記載の方法。
[実施態様21]
第1の拡大の開始時にAPCが添加される、実施態様16~20のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様22]
APCが可溶性ペプチドとプレインキュベ-トされている、実施態様16~21のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様23]
前記ペプチドが約9アミノ酸長~約31アミノ酸長である、実施態様1~22のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様24]
前記ペプチドが9または10アミノ酸長である、実施態様23に記載の方法。
[実施態様25]
ペプチドが12~15アミノ酸長である、実施態様23に記載の方法。
[実施態様26]
前記ペプチドが約25~約31アミノ酸長である、実施態様23に記載の方法。
[実施態様27]
前記ペプチドが約2~約300の異なるペプチドのプ-ルに存在する、実施態様1~26のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様28]
前記ペプチドが、約2~約100、約10~約100、約20~約100、約30~約100、約40~約100、約50~約100、約60~約100、約70~約100、約80~約100、または約90~約100の異なるペプチドのプ-ルに存在する、実施態様1~27のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様29]
前記ペプチドが、約20~約50の異なるペプチドのプ-ルに存在する、実施態様1~28のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様30]
前記ペプチドが約2~約10の異なるペプチドのプ-ルに存在する、実施態様1~28のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様31]
前記ペプチドが、約2~約5の異なるペプチドのプ-ルに存在する、実施態様1~28および30のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様32]
前記APCが、その表面上に前記ペプチドを発現するように改変されている、実施態様16~31のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様33]
前記APCが、前記ペプチドをコ-ドする少なくとも1つのポリヌクレオチドをAPCに導入するために、トランスフェクション、形質導入、または一時的な細胞膜破壊の少なくとも1つによって改変される、実施態様32に記載の方法。
[実施態様34]
前記少なくとも1つのポリヌクレオチドが、前記ペプチドをコ-ドするDNAプラスミドおよび/またはmRNAである、実施態様33に記載の方法。
[実施態様35]
前記mRNAが、約50~約5000ヌクレオチドを含む、実施態様34に記載の方法。
[実施態様36]
前記mRNAが、約75~約4000、約75~約3000、約75~約2000、約75~約1000、約75~約500ヌクレオチドを含む、実施態様35に記載の方法。
[実施態様37]
前記ポリヌクレオチドが、前記ペプチドをコ-ドする1~約15個の遺伝子を含む、実施態様34~36のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様38]
前記ポリヌクレオチドが、単一のペプチドをコ-ドする1つの遺伝子から本質的になる、実施態様34~36のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様39]
前記mRNAが、前記ペプチドをコ-ドする少なくとも2個の遺伝子をタンデムに含む少なくとも1つのポリヌクレオチドである、実施態様34~37のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様40]
前記mRNAが、前記ペプチドをコ-ドする少なくとも2個の遺伝子をタンデムに含む単一のポリヌクレオチドである、実施態様34~37のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様41]
前記ペプチドをコ-ドする合計約2~約40個の遺伝子が存在する、実施態様39または40に記載の方法。
[実施態様42]
前記ペプチドをコ-ドする合計約2~約15個の遺伝子が存在する、実施態様39から41のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様43]
前記ペプチドをコ-ドする合計約2~約5個の遺伝子が存在する、実施態様39~42のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様44]
各ポリヌクレオチドが、ペプチドをコ-ドする5個の遺伝子を含む、実施態様34~37または39~43のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様45]
各遺伝子が、抗原内に見られる個々の変異アミノ酸を中心とする約9~約31アミノ酸長のポリペプチドをコ-ドする、実施態様37~44のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様46]
前記遺伝子がリンカ-によって分離されている、実施態様34~37または39~43のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様47]
前記APCが少なくとも1つの免疫調節物質を発現するように改変され、前記免疫調節物質が、OX40L、4-1BBL、CD80、CD86、CD83、CD70、CD40L、GITR-L、CD127L、CD30L(CD153)、LIGHT、BTLA、ICOS-L(CD275)、SLAM(CD150)、CD662L、インタ-ロイキン-12(IL-12)、インタ-ロイキン-7(IL-7)、インタ-ロイキン-15(IL-15)、インタ-ロイキン-17(IL-17)、インタ-ロイキン-21(IL-21)、インタ-ロイキン-4(IL-4)、Bcl-6、Bcl-XL、BCL-2、MCL1、またはSTAT-5、あるいはJAK/STAT経路、PI3K-AKTシグナル伝達経路、BCRシグナル伝達経路、またはBAFF-BAFFRシグナル伝達経路のうちの少なくとも1つの経路の活性化因子の少なくとも1つである、実施態様16~44のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様48]
前記免疫調節物質が、OX40L、4-1BBL、またはIL-12の少なくとも1つである、実施態様47に記載の方法。
[実施態様49]
前記APCが、少なくとも1つの免疫調節物質を導入するために、トランスフェクション、形質導入、または一時的な細胞膜破壊の少なくとも1つによって改変される、実施態様47または48に記載の方法。
[実施態様50]
前記APCが、免疫調節物質を一過性発現するように改変される、実施態様47~49のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様51]
前記APCが、免疫調節物質を安定発現するように改変される、実施態様47~49のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様52]
前記APCが、第1の拡大の開始時に添加され、少なくとも1日さらに添加される、実施態様47~51のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様53]
前記APCが、第1の拡大の開始時に添加され、最初の添加から10日後に再び添加される、実施態様52に記載の方法。
[実施態様54]
トランスフェクションがエレクトロポレ-ションにより行われる、実施態様33~53のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様55]
前記ペプチドが予測モデリングにより同定されたものである、実施態様1~54のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様56]
前記ペプチドが、全エクソ-ムシ-ケンシング、全ゲノムシ-ケンシング、またはRAシ-ケンシングにより同定されたものである、実施態様1~54のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様57]
前記ペプチドが質量分析により同定されたものである、実施態様1~54のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様58]
前記抗原が、抗原特異的変異の同定に基づき事前選択されたものである、実施態様1~57のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様59]
前記抗原が、抗原特異的変異の同定に基づき事前選択されたものである、実施態様1~58のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様60]
ステップa)が、少なくとも1つの拡大促進剤の存在下でリンパ球を拡大させることを含む、実施態様1~59のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様61]
前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つが免疫調節剤である、実施態様60に記載の方法。
[実施態様62]
前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つがサイトカインである、実施態様60に記載の方法。
[実施態様63]
前記サイトカインが、インタ-ロイキン-2(IL-2)、インタ-ロイキン-4(IL-4)、インタ-ロイキン-7(IL-7)、インタ-ロイキン-15(IL-15)、インタ-ロイキン-17(IL-17)、またはインタ-ロイキン-21(IL-21)の少なくとも1つである、実施態様62に記載の方法。
[実施態様64]
前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つが可溶性分子である、実施態様60に記載の方法。
[実施態様65]
前記可溶性分子が、PD-1、CTLA-4、4-1BB、LAG-3、TIM-3、2B4/CD244/SLAMF4、CD160、TIGIT、TCF1、CD39、またはBATFの少なくとも1つに対するアンタゴニストである、実施態様64に記載の方法。
[実施態様66]
前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つが、リンパ球の拡大に有利に働く抗体である、実施態様60に記載の方法。
[実施態様67]
前記リンパ球の拡大に有利に働く抗体が、PD-1、CTLA-4、4-1BB、LAG-3、TIM-3、2B4/CD244/SLAMF4、CD160、TIGIT、TCF1、CD39、またはBATFの少なくとも1つに対する抗体である、実施態様66に記載の方法。
[実施態様68]
前記抗体がモノクロ-ナル抗体である、実施態様67に記載の方法。
[実施態様69]
前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つがIL-2である、実施態様60~68のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様70]
IL-2が、約100IU/ml~約10,000IU/mlの範囲内で第1の拡大中に存在する、実施態様69に記載の方法。
[実施態様71]
IL-2が、約6,000IU/mlの濃度で第1の拡大中に存在する、実施態様70に記載の方法。
[実施態様72]
IL-2が、約50IU/ml~約10,000IU/mlの範囲内で第2の拡大中に存在する、実施態様69~71のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様73]
IL-2が、約3,000IU/mlの濃度で第2の拡大中に存在する、実施態様72に記載の方法。
[実施態様74]
CD3複合体アゴニストが抗CD3複合体アゴニスト抗体である、実施態様3~73のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様75]
抗CD3複合体抗体がOKT-3である、実施態様74に記載の方法。
[実施態様76]
マイトジェンが、フィトヘマグルチニン(PHA)、コンカナバリンA(ConA)、ポ-クウィ-ドマイトジェン(PWM)、メゼレイン(Mzn)、またはテトラデカノイルホルボ-ルアセテ-ト(TPA)の少なくとも1つである、実施態様3~75のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様77]
フィ-ダ-細胞が自己由来である、実施態様3~76のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様78]
フィ-ダ-細胞が同種異系である、実施態様3~76のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様79]
フィ-ダ-細胞が照射される、実施態様3~76のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様80]
フィ-ダ-細胞が末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)である、実施態様3~79のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様81]
フィ-ダ-細胞とリンパ球とが約1000:1~約1:1の比で存在する、実施態様3~80のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様82]
フィ-ダ-細胞とリンパ球とが100:1の比で存在する、実施態様3~81のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様83]
前記第1の拡大が、サンプル中に存在し得る他の細胞よりもリンパ球の成長に有利に働く条件下でリンパ球を拡大することを含む、実施態様1~82のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様84]
抗原特異的リンパ球が、非抗原特異的リンパ球よりも優先的に拡大される、実施態様1~83のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様85]
前記リンパ球が腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)である、実施態様1~84のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様86]
前記リンパ球が末梢血リンパ球(PBL)である、実施態様1~84のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様87]
前記サンプルが流入領域リンパ節から得られたものである、実施態様1~86のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様88]
前記サンプルが、未処理の腫瘍断片、酵素処理された腫瘍断片、解離/懸濁腫瘍細胞、リンパ節サンプル、または体液サンプルである、実施態様1~87のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様89]
前記酵素処理された腫瘍断片が、コラゲナ-ゼ、ディスパ-ゼ、ヒアルロニダ-ゼ、リベラ-ゼ、またはデオキシリボヌクレア-ゼ(DNase)の少なくとも1つで処理されたものである、実施態様88に記載の方法。
[実施態様90]
前記体液が、血液、腹水、またはリンパ液である、実施態様88に記載の方法。
[実施態様91]
前記リンパ球がT細胞である、実施態様1~90のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様92]
前記T細胞がCD8+T細胞である、実施態様91に記載の方法。
[実施態様93]
前記T細胞がCD4+T細胞である、実施態様91に記載の方法。
[実施態様94]
前記APCが活性化される、実施態様16~93のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様95]
前記APCが自己由来である、実施態様16~94のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様96]
前記APCが同種異系である、実施態様16~94のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様97]
前記APCが人工APCである、実施態様16~94のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様98]
前記APCが、B細胞、樹状細胞、マクロファ-ジ、またはランゲルハンス細胞の少なくとも1つである、実施態様16~97のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様99]
前記APCがB細胞である、実施態様16~98のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様100]
前記B細胞がCD19+細胞のポジティブセレクションにより単離される、実施態様98または99に記載の方法。
[実施態様101]
前記B細胞が、CD40L、IL-21、またはIL-4の少なくとも1つとのインキュベ-ションによって活性化される、実施態様98~100のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様102]
前記B細胞が、Bcl-6、Bcl-XL、BCL-2、MCL1、またはSTAT-5、あるいはJAK/STAT経路、PI3K-AKTシグナル伝達経路、BCRシグナル伝達経路、またはBAFF-BAFFRシグナル伝達経路のうちの少なくとも1つ経路の活性化因子の少なくとも1つと共にさらに培養される、実施態様97~101のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様103]
前記抗原が、腫瘍抗原、翻訳後修飾、長鎖非コ-ド抗原、またはウイルス抗原である、実施態様1~102のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様104]
前記抗原が腫瘍抗原であり、該腫瘍抗原は、共通腫瘍抗原、過剰発現された腫瘍抗原、異常発現された腫瘍抗原、または腫瘍特異的ネオ抗原である、実施態様103に記載の方法。
[実施態様105]
前記腫瘍特異的ネオ抗原が標準ネオ抗原または非標準ネオ抗原である、実施態様104記載の方法。
[実施態様106]
前記腫瘍抗原が固形腫瘍に由来する、実施態様104または105に記載の方法。
[実施態様107]
前記腫瘍抗原が、卵巣腫瘍、黒色腫、肺腫瘍、乳房腫瘍、白血病、または胃腸腫瘍の少なくとも1つに由来する、実施態様103~106のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様108]
培養後に抗原特異的リンパ球を単離することをさらに含む、実施態様1~107のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様109]
培養前に対象からサンプルを得ることをさらに含む、実施態様1~108のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様110]
培養前にサンプルからリンパ球を単離することをさらに含む、実施態様1~109のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様111]
培養前にサンプルから抗原特異的リンパ球を単離することをさらに含む、実施態様1~110のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様112]
リンパ球の頻度を増加させる、実施態様1~110のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様113]
抗原特異的リンパ球の頻度を増加させる、実施態様1~11のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様114]
第1の拡大中のペプチドへの曝露により、第2の拡大のみでペプチドに曝露された抗原特異的リンパ球と比較して、疲弊が少ない抗原特異的リンパ球がもたらされる、実施態様1~113のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様115]
第2の拡大中にはペプチドに曝露しないで第1の拡大中にペプチドに曝露することにより、第1および第2の拡大中にペプチドに曝露された抗原特異的リンパ球と比較して、疲弊が少ない抗原特異的リンパ球がもたらされる、実施態様10~113のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様116]
第2の拡大中にはペプチドに曝露しないで第1の拡大中にペプチドに曝露することにより、第2の拡大中にのみペプチドに曝露された抗原特異的リンパ球と比較して、疲弊が少ない抗原特異的リンパ球がもたらされる、実施態様10~113のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様117]
抗原特異的リンパ球を対象に再導入することをさらに含む、実施態様1~116のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様118]
前記対象がヒトである、実施態様1~117のいずれかに記載の方法。
[実施態様119]
実施態様1~118のいずれかに記載の方法によって生成された抗原特異的リンパ球の集団。
[実施態様120]
実施態様119に記載のリンパ球の有効量を対象に投与することを含む、それを必要とする対象において腫瘍を処置する方法。
[実施態様121]
前記腫瘍が固形腫瘍である、実施態様120に記載の方法。
[実施態様122]
前記腫瘍が、卵巣腫瘍、黒色腫、肺腫瘍、胃腸腫瘍、乳房腫瘍、または白血病である、実施態様121に記載の方法。
[実施態様123]
前記腫瘍が、腫瘍抗原を含む少なくとも1つのペプチドと一致する変異を発現する、実施態様122に記載の方法。
[実施態様124]
前記対象がヒトである、実施態様118~123のいずれかに記載の方法。
Claims (20)
- ex vivoでの抗原特異的リンパ球の拡大方法であって、
対象から得られたサンプル中のリンパ球またはそのようなサンプルから単離されたリンパ球を拡大させることを含み、前記拡大は、少なくとも第1の拡大と第2の拡大を含む少なくとも2つの拡大フェーズを含み、
前記少なくとも2つの拡大フェーズのうち少なくとも第1の拡大フェーズ中に、1つまたは複数の抗原を提示する抗原提示細胞(APC)の存在下で前記リンパ球が培養され、抗原特異的リンパ球が拡大される、方法。 - 前記第2の拡大が、CD3複合体アゴニスト、マイトジェン、またはフィーダー細胞のうちの少なくとも1つの存在下で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 2つ以上の第1の拡大が並行して行われ、第2の拡大の前に、各第1の拡大からのリンパ球がプールされる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが、可溶性形態の1つまたは複数のペプチドとプレインキュベートされている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、2~100の異なるペプチドのプールに存在する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが2~10の異なるペプチドのプールに存在する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、2~5の異なるペプチドのプールに存在する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが、その表面上に1つまたは複数のペプチドを発現するように改変されている、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが、少なくとも1つの免疫調節物質を発現するように改変されている、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫調節物質が、CD40L、OX40L、4-1BBL、またはIL-12のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の拡大が、少なくとも1つの拡大促進剤の存在下でリンパ球を拡大させることを含み、前記拡大促進剤が、免疫調節剤、サイトカイン、可溶性分子、リンパ球の拡大に有利に働く抗体、またはそれらの任意の組合せである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインが、インターロイキン-2(IL-2)、インターロイキン-4(IL-4)、インターロイキン-7(IL-7)、インターロイキン-15(IL-15)、インターロイキン-17(IL-17)、またはインターロイキン-21(IL-21)のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記拡大促進剤の少なくとも1つがIL-2である、請求項11または12に記載の方法。
- CD3複合体アゴニストが抗CD3複合体アゴニスト抗体である、請求項2~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記リンパ球が腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)である、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプルが、未処理の腫瘍断片、酵素処理された腫瘍断片、解離/懸濁腫瘍細胞、リンパ節サンプル、または体液サンプルである、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが自己由来である、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記APCがB細胞である、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の拡大が、前記対象から得られた腫瘍サンプル中の腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)または前記腫瘍サンプルから単離されたTILを、(i)インターロイキン-2(IL-2)、および(ii)1つまたは複数の抗原を提示し、かつCD40L、4-1BBLまたはIL-12のうちの少なくとも1つを発現するように改変された自己B細胞の存在下で拡大させることを含み、
前記第2の拡大が、前記第1の拡大で拡大されたTILを、(i)抗CD3複合体アゴニスト抗体、(ii)自己または同種異系のフィーダー細胞、および(iii)IL-2の存在下で拡大させることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 2つ以上の第1の拡大が並行して行われ、第2の拡大の前に、各第1の拡大で拡大されたTILがプールされる、請求項19に記載の方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP7337373B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-29 | 2023-09-04 | サイアス株式会社 | 抗原特異的t細胞の製造方法 |
WO2021239083A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | 上海君赛生物科技有限公司 | 肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的种子细胞培养基及其应用 |
CN116963762A (zh) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-10-27 | 西北大学 | 基于b细胞的免疫疗法治疗胶质母细胞瘤和其他癌症 |
TW202237822A (zh) | 2020-11-19 | 2022-10-01 | 大陸商蘇州沙礫生物科技有限公司 | 腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞的培養方法及其用途 |
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CN114686430A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 上海赛比曼生物科技有限公司 | 一种制备til的方法 |
AU2022210312A1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-08-31 | Neogene Therapeutics B.V. | Engineered antigen presenting cells |
WO2022166947A1 (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 苏州沙砾生物科技有限公司 | 肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的制备方法及其用途 |
WO2022229464A1 (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-03 | Tigen Pharma Sa | Single vessel expansion of lymphocytes |
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CN117616115A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2024-02-27 | 苏州沙砾生物科技有限公司 | 一种修饰的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞及其用途 |
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