JP7353713B2 - Particulate storage container - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a granular material storage container that stores granular materials such as granular confectionery, medicines, nutritional supplements, and beauty products, and from which only a predetermined amount can be taken out with a simple operation.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, as a particulate matter storage container from which a predetermined amount of particulate matter can be taken out, for example, a container disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been known. This container has a storage recess for storing the granular material and a measuring recess communicating with the storage recess, and a predetermined amount of the granular material is introduced into the measuring recess by tilting the container with the lid closed. By opening the lid and inverting the container, the weighed granules can be taken out.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-180726

However, in the container of Patent Document 1, even if the container is tilted, the granular material does not move from the storage recess to the measuring recess as expected, and when the lid is opened, the granular material is not placed in the measuring recess. In that case, it was necessary to close the lid again and tilt the container to introduce a predetermined amount of granules into the measuring recess. In addition, with this container, it is necessary to perform the operation of tilting the container to introduce the granular material into the lightweight recess and the operation of opening the lid and inverting the container. Take the trouble. Furthermore, since the storage recess and the measuring recess are always in communication, if the container is tilted with the lid open, there is a risk that particulate matter in the storage recess will pass through the measuring recess and come out in excess. .

Therefore, the present invention provides a granular material storage container that allows a predetermined amount of granular material to be taken out with a high degree of precision through a simple take-out operation, and that can also prevent the granular material from coming out in excess. The purpose is to

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the particulate matter storage container of the present invention has a main body that has a storage space for storing particulate matter and is provided with a communication port that communicates with the storage space. Department and
The main body is configured to protrude from a peripheral edge of the communication port toward the outside of the main body, and to hold a predetermined amount of granular material delivered from the accommodation space through the communication port by placing the main body in an inverted position. a holding part;
The holding portion includes a take-out port for taking out the particulate matter, a pushing part facing the take-out port, and a regulating part that contacts the particulate matter passing through the take-out port and restricts the movement of the particulate matter. have,
The apparatus is characterized in that the granular material held in the holding part can be pushed out from the ejection port by a pushing operation of the pushing part.

In addition, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, it is preferable that the regulating part is constituted by a swingable movable piece provided along the inner circumferential edge of the outlet.

Further, in the granular material storage container of the present invention, the movable piece has a base end that is continuous with the inner peripheral edge of the outlet, and a distal end that is located closer to the center of the outlet than the base end. and has
It is preferable to extend diagonally from the base end to the distal end in a direction away from the push-in part.

Moreover, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, it is preferable that the take-out port opens in a direction different from that of the communication port.

Moreover, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, it is preferable that the pushing direction of the pushing part is parallel to the extending direction of the partition wall in which the communicating port is formed.

Further, in the granular material storage container of the present invention, it is preferable that the granular material has a non-spherical shape, and that the holding section is configured to hold the granular material in a predetermined posture.

Further, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, the main body portion is formed by a container main body having a cylindrical peripheral wall and a top wall connected to the peripheral wall, and a bottom lid that closes a lower end opening of the peripheral wall. It is preferable that

Moreover, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, the pushing part may have a dome-shaped elastically deformable thin part provided on the side wall of the holding part.

Moreover, in the particulate matter storage container of the present invention, the pushing part includes an opening provided in a side wall of the holding part, a plate part disposed in the opening, an inner peripheral edge of the opening, and the plate part. and a connecting piece that connects the outer peripheral edge of the connecting piece.

According to the present invention, there is provided a particulate matter storage container that can take out a predetermined amount of particulate matter with high precision through a simple take-out operation, and can also prevent particulate matter from coming out in excess. be able to.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a particulate matter storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the particulate matter storage container of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view in plan view showing how the push-in portion of the particulate matter storage container of FIG. 1 is pushed. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a holding part in the particulate matter storage container of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view showing a modification of the pushing part in the particulate matter storage container of FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view in a plan view showing how the push-in portion of the particulate matter storage container shown in FIG. 5 is pushed.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the particulate matter storage container 1 based on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail. Note that in this specification, claims, and abstract, the "upper" side is the side on which the upper lid 30 is positioned relative to the container body 10 when the container 1 is in the upright position shown in FIG. The "lower" side is the opposite side (the side where the container body 10 is located with respect to the upper lid 30). Further, the "front" side is the side where the communication port 13 is located with respect to the hinge portion 31, and the "rear" side is the opposite side.

As shown in FIG. 1, a granular material storage container 1 (hereinafter also simply referred to as a "container") according to the present embodiment includes a container body 10, a bottom lid 20, and a top lid 30. Note that FIG. 1 is a sectional side view showing the container 1 with the top lid 30 open. The granular material G as the content stored in the container 1 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, a confectionery formed into a granular shape such as a sphere, a flat circular shape, a flat elliptical shape, a flat polygonal shape, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc. or medicine (tablets). The granular material G in this example has a flat circular shape (disk shape).

In this embodiment, the main body A of the container 1 is defined by the container main body 10 and the bottom lid 20. That is, in the container 1, the container body 10 and the bottom lid 20 define a storage space S in which the particulate matter G is stored.

The container body 10 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall 11, a partition wall 12 that extends to cover the upper end of the peripheral wall 11, a communication port 13 that penetrates the partition wall 12, and a holding portion that protrudes from the partition wall 12 to surround the communication port 13. 40. The communication port 13 communicates with the accommodation space S.

The peripheral wall 11 in this example has a substantially elliptical cylindrical shape in which a cross section (cross section) perpendicular to the axis O is substantially elliptical, but the shape is not limited to this. For example, the peripheral wall 11 may have a cylindrical shape with a circular or polygonal cross section. A lower end opening 11 a of the peripheral wall 11 is closed by a bottom cover 20 .

The partition wall 12 has a flat plate shape extending perpendicularly to the axis O. The communication port 13 is located in front of the center of the partition wall 12. That is, the axis C1 of the communication port 13 is located on the front side of the axis O. Note that the axis C1 of the communication port 13 is parallel to the axis O.

The holding part 40 protrudes from the peripheral edge of the communication port 13 toward the outside of the main body part A, and holds a predetermined amount of granules G sent out from the storage space S through the communication port 13 by placing the container main body 10 in an inverted position. is configured to hold. The holding portion 40 includes a side wall 41 that extends upward from the partition wall 12 so as to surround the communication port 13, and a top wall 42 that continues above the side wall 41. In this example, the holding portion 40 is also located closer to the front than the center of the partition wall 12, corresponding to the position of the communication port 13. The top wall 42 is provided at a position facing the communication port 13 (above the communication port 13 in FIG. 1). When the container 1 is placed in an inverted position, the particulate matter G that has passed through the communication port 13 from the storage space S is supported by the top wall 42 and the side wall 41 and is held within the holding portion 40 . The top wall 42 of this example is curved in an arc shape in accordance with the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the granular material G, as shown in FIG. The outer circumferential surface of the particulate matter G held within the holding part 40 comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the top wall 42, so that the particulate matter G is maintained in a stable state in a predetermined posture (orientation). Note that the shape of the holding part 40 can be changed as appropriate depending on the shape of the particulate matter G.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the side wall 41 includes a take-out port 43 for taking out the granular material G, a push-in portion 44 facing the take-out port 43, and a push-in portion 44 provided at the inner peripheral edge of the take-out port 43 for taking out the granular material G. A regulating portion 45 is provided that contacts the particulate matter G passing through the opening 43 and restricts the movement of the particulate matter G.

The outlet 43 in this example is circular, and its inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the granular material G. Note that the shape of the outlet 43 can be changed as appropriate depending on the shape of the granular material G. Furthermore, the outlet 43 in this example opens in a direction different from that of the communication port 13. Specifically, in this example, when the container 1 is in the upright position shown in FIG. 1, the communication port 13 opens upward (in the vertical direction), and the outlet 43 opens sideways (in the horizontal direction). Thereby, the axis C2 of the outlet 43 is perpendicular to the axis C1 of the communication port 13.

Furthermore, the outlet 43 is formed in a region located on the left side of the holding part 40 when the container 1 is viewed from the front side. Note that the position and opening direction of the outlet 43 in the side wall 41 can be changed as appropriate.

The communication port 13 and the take-out port 43 in this example are set to a size that allows each particulate matter G to pass therethrough. That is, the communication port 13 and the extraction port 43 are formed in a size that does not allow two or more particles G to pass through at the same time. The sizes of the communication port 13 and the take-out port 43 can be changed as appropriate depending on the size of the granules G, the number of granules G to be taken out in one operation, and the like.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the push-in portion 44 is provided in the side wall 41 at a position facing the outlet 43. As shown in FIGS. The push-in portion 44 is configured to be pushed toward the take-out port 43 . The push-in portion 44 of this example is curved into a dome shape so as to bulge out toward the outside of the holding portion 40 . Further, the push-in portion 44 is formed thinner than other portions of the side wall 41, and is easily elastically deformed. A substantially cylindrical projection 44a is provided on the inner surface of the central portion of the push-in portion 44. The protrusion 44a is configured such that when the push-in portion 44 is pushed toward the outlet 43, the tip surface of the protrusion 44a comes into contact with the granular material G and presses the granular material G. By providing such a protrusion 44a, the granules G can be pressed straight toward the outlet 43. In this example, the central axis of the protrusion 44a coincides with the pushing direction of the pushing part 44, and is located on the same straight line as the axis C2 of the outlet 43.

As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 4, the regulating portion 45 is composed of an elastically deformable movable piece 46 provided along the inner peripheral edge of the outlet 43. In this example, twelve movable pieces 46 having the same shape are equally arranged along the inner peripheral edge of the outlet 43.

Further, each movable piece 46 has a substantially rectangular shape. Furthermore, the movable piece 46 has a base end 46a that is connected to the inner peripheral edge of the outlet 43, and a distal end 46b that is a free end located closer to the center (axis C2) of the outlet 43 than the base end 46a. have The movable piece 46 extends diagonally from the base end 46a to the distal end 46b in a direction away from the push-in part 44. Each movable piece 46 is configured to be swingable about the base end 46a as a fulcrum. The configuration of the regulating portion 45 is not limited to the illustrated example and can be modified as appropriate. For example, the restriction portion 45 may be configured with only one movable piece 46, or may be configured with 10 or less movable pieces 46, or 13 or more movable pieces 46. Furthermore, the shape and orientation of the movable piece 46 can also be changed as appropriate. The restricting part 45 is not limited to a configuration in which it swings in and out in the radial direction with the base end part 46a as a fulcrum like the movable piece 46 of this example, but can be changed as appropriate, and for example, can be crushed when the granular material G passes through. It may also be configured to elastically deform as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be a convex portion that contacts the granules G passing through the outlet 43 and imparts a resistance force without particularly swinging or crushing.

The bottom cover 20 has a flat bottom plate 21 and a fitting wall 22 rising from near the outer peripheral edge of the bottom plate 21. In this example, a cylindrical protrusion 23 is provided at the center of the bottom plate 21. The fitting wall 22 fits into the lower end of the peripheral wall 11 from inside. In the upright posture of the container 1 shown in FIG. 1, the lower surface 20a of the bottom cover 20 constitutes a horizontal ground plane.

The upper lid 30 is integrally connected to the container body 10 via a hinge portion 31. In this example, one end of the hinge portion 31 is connected to the upper rear side of the peripheral wall 11, and the other end is connected to the side peripheral wall 33 of the upper lid 30. The upper lid 30 has a flat top wall 32 and a cylindrical side wall 33 that extends to the outer peripheral edge of the top wall 32. The front end of the top lid 30 is a finger hook 34 on which to hang a finger when opening the top lid 30.

As shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, the upper lid 30 covers the holding part 40 from the outside in the closed state. In this example, the lower inner peripheral surface of the side peripheral wall 33 of the upper lid 30 fits into the upper outer peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 11 of the container body 10, so that the upper lid 30 can be maintained in the closed state.

Below, a method for taking out only a predetermined amount (one piece in this example) of the particulate matter G contained in the container 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be explained.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the container 1 with the top lid 30 opened is changed from an upright position to an inverted position. Note that the inverted posture is a posture in which the container 1 is tilted so that the communication port 13 faces downward, and is not limited to a posture in which the axis O is parallel to the vertical direction, but also a posture in which the axis O is oblique to the vertical direction. This also includes a posture in which the posture is tilted (tilted posture). When the container 1 is placed in an inverted position, the particulate matter G stored in the storage space S moves to the holding part 40 through the communication port 13, and only a predetermined amount (one piece) of particulate matter G is held in the holding part 40. Note that even if the outlet 43 faces downward while the granular material G is held in the holding part 40, the granular material G will be moved to the outlet 43 by the contact of the regulating part 45 (movable piece 46). It will not fall through. In other words, the function of the regulating portion 45 prevents the particulate matter G from falling unintentionally.

Next, in order to take out the particulate matter G inside the holding part 40, the pushing part 44 is pushed in from the outside as shown in FIG. At this time, the particulate matter G comes into contact with the movable piece 46 and the movement of the particulate matter G is restricted, but by pushing with a force exceeding the regulating force, the movable piece 46 swings open and the particulate matter G is removed from the outside. can be pushed out. In this way, only a predetermined amount of particulate matter G can be reliably taken out. Note that after taking out the granular material G, the pushing part 44 automatically returns to its original state due to restoring force, and it becomes possible to hold the next granular material G in the holding part 40. Furthermore, after taking out the particulate matter G, the movable piece 46 constituting the regulating part 45 automatically returns to its original state due to restoring force, so that the particulate matter G that has moved into the holding part 40 is prevented from falling. Can be suppressed.

After taking out the particulate matter G, by returning the container 1 to the upright position, the particulate matter G held in the holding part 40 returns to the storage space S through the communication port 13. By closing the upper lid 30 to cover the holding part 40, it is possible to more reliably prevent the particulate matter G from falling unintentionally. Furthermore, by closing the upper lid 30, it becomes difficult for outside air to enter the storage space S, so that deterioration in the quality of the particulate matter G can be suppressed.

As described above, in the container 1 of this embodiment, a predetermined amount of granular material G can be taken out by simply opening the top lid 30, placing the container 1 in an inverted position, and pushing in the push-in part 44. That is, it is not necessary to introduce the granular material into the measuring section by tilting the container before opening the lid, and it is possible to take out the granular material with one hand. Moreover, since it can be confirmed at a glance from the take-out port 43 whether or not a predetermined amount of particulate matter G is held in the holding part 40, only the predetermined amount of particulate matter G can be reliably taken out with high precision. Furthermore, even if the container 1 is tilted with the upper lid 30 open, the movement of the particulate matter G passing through the communication port 13 is restricted by the restriction part 45, so that no excessive particulate matter G comes out.

As described above, according to the container 1 of the present embodiment, only a predetermined amount of particulate matter G can be taken out with high precision through a simple take-out operation, and it is also possible to prevent particulate matter G from coming out in excess. becomes possible.

Moreover, in the container 1 of this embodiment, it is preferable that the movable piece 46 which comprises the restriction part 45 is comprised so that it can swing about the base end part 46a as a fulcrum. With this configuration, the particulate matter G can be pushed out with a light force.

Moreover, in the container 1 of this embodiment, it is preferable that the movable piece 46 extends obliquely in the direction away from the push-in part 44 from the base end 46a to the distal end 46b. With this configuration, the particulate matter G can be pushed out with a lighter force.

Furthermore, in the container 1 of this embodiment, the outlet 43 opens in a direction different from the communication port 13, so when the container 1 is placed in an inverted position, the communication port 13 is opened from the storage space S. It is possible to reduce the possibility that the particulate matter G that has passed through and moved to the holding part 40 will fall unintentionally from the outlet 43 as it is. Thereby, only a predetermined amount of particulate matter G can be taken out with higher precision.

Furthermore, in the container 1 of this embodiment, the pushing direction of the pushing part 44 (the extending direction of the axis C2) is parallel to the extending direction of the partition wall 12 in which the communication port 13 is formed. preferable. With this configuration, the pushing operation of the pushing part 44 can be performed smoothly, and the particulate matter G held in the holding part 40 can be pushed out more smoothly.

Moreover, in the container 1 of this embodiment, the particulate matter G is not spherical, and is configured so that the particulate matter G is held in a predetermined posture when held within the holding part 40. Specifically, in this example, the circular front and back surfaces of the granular material G in the holding part 40 face either the outlet 43 or the push-in part 44, and the annular outer circumferential surface faces the inner circumferential surface of the top wall 42. It is held in a position where it is in contact with the Further, the central axis of the particulate matter G in the holding part 40 is located on the axis C2 of the outlet 43. Thereby, when the pushing part 44 is pushed in, the particulate matter G can be pushed straight toward the outlet 43. Therefore, the particulate matter G can be taken out more smoothly. That is, when the particulate matter G is non-spherical, it is preferable that the holding part 40 is configured to hold the particulate matter G in a predetermined posture. With this configuration, it is possible to maintain the particulate matter G in the holding part 40 in a state where it is easy to press toward the take-out port 43, so that the particulate matter G can be taken out more smoothly.

Moreover, in the container 1 of this embodiment, the main body part A includes a container main body 10 having a cylindrical peripheral wall 11 and a partition wall 12 continuous to the peripheral wall 11, and a bottom lid 20 that closes the lower end opening 11a of the peripheral wall 11. is formed by. With this configuration, the storage space S can be easily filled with the granules G by removing the bottom cover 20.

Further, in the container 1 of this embodiment, the push-in portion 44 has a dome-shaped elastically deformable thin portion provided on the side wall 41 of the holding portion 40 . With this configuration, the pushing part 44 can be pushed easily, and the particulate matter G can be pushed out with a light force.

Here, FIGS. 5 and 6 show a modification of the push-in part 44 of the holding part 40. In addition, since the configuration other than the push-in part 44 is the same, the same reference numerals are given and the explanation is omitted.

The push-in portion 44 of this example includes a circular opening 44b provided in the side wall 41 facing the outlet 43, a disk-shaped plate portion 44c disposed in the opening 44b, and three connecting pieces 44d. . The connecting piece 44d connects the outer peripheral edge of the plate portion 44c and the inner peripheral edge of the opening 44b. The three connecting pieces 44d are arranged evenly in the circumferential direction around the plate portion 44c. Further, the number of connecting pieces 44d may be two or less, or four or more.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the push-in part 44 of this example, when the plate part 44c is pushed toward the outlet 43 from the outside, the connecting piece 44d is elastically deformed, and the plate part 44c moves toward the outlet 43. is configured to do so. With this configuration, the pushing part 44 can be pushed easily, and the particulate matter G can be pushed out with a light force. Note that the push-in portion 44 is not limited to the three-point connection structure as in this example, but may be a spiral connection piece, for example, as long as it can be pushed toward the outlet 43 and automatically restored. 44d may be used.

What has been described above is merely an example of the present invention, and various changes can be made within the scope of the claims. For example, in the previous embodiment, the top lid 30 is integrally molded on the container body 10, but the configuration is not limited to this, and the container body 10 and the top lid 30 may be formed separately and On the other hand, a configuration may be adopted in which the upper lid 30 is detachably attached. In that case, for example, one of the container body 10 and the top lid 30 may be provided with a male threaded portion, and the other may be provided with a female threaded portion for screwing, or an outward convex portion may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of either one, and the other may be screwed. It is also possible to provide an inward convex portion on the inner circumferential surface of the body, which engages with the outward convex portion, and to perform undercut connection by plugging or the like. Further, the bottom cover 20 may be connected to the peripheral wall 11 by screws or undercut.

Further, in the previous embodiment, the holding part 40 is integrally molded with the partition wall 12, but the holding part 40 may be formed separately and assembled to the partition wall 12, or the holding part 40 may be formed as a separate part and assembled into the partition wall 12 by in-mold molding. 12 may be combined. Alternatively, the partition wall 12 and the holding portion 40 may be formed separately from the peripheral wall 11 and assembled by press-fitting, screwing, undercutting, or the like. In that case, the bottom cover 20 may be integrally molded with the peripheral wall 11.

1: Particulate matter storage container (container)
10: Container body 11: Peripheral wall 11a: Lower end opening 12: Partition wall 13: Communication port 20: Bottom cover 20a: Lower surface 21: Bottom plate 22: Fitting wall 23: Convex portion 30: Upper cover 31: Hinge portion 32: Top wall 33: Side peripheral wall 34: Finger hook 40: Holding section 41: Side wall 42: Top wall 43: Take-out port 44: Push-in section 44a: Protrusion 44b: Opening 44c: Plate section 44d: Connection piece 45: Regulation section 46: Movable piece 46a: Base End part 46b: Tip part A: Main body part G: Particulate matter O: Axis line S: Accommodation space

Claims (8)

A main body portion having a storage space for storing particulate matter and provided with a communication port communicating with the storage space;
The main body is configured to protrude from a peripheral edge of the communication port toward the outside of the main body, and to hold a predetermined amount of granular material delivered from the accommodation space through the communication port by placing the main body in an inverted position. a holding part;
The holding portion includes a take-out port for taking out the particulate matter, a pushing part facing the take-out port, and a regulating part that contacts the particulate matter passing through the take-out port and restricts the movement of the particulate matter. have,
The granular material held in the holding part can be pushed out from the ejection port by a pushing operation of the pushing part,
The regulating portion is composed of a swingable movable piece provided along the inner peripheral edge of the outlet,
The movable piece has a base end that is continuous with the inner peripheral edge of the outlet, and a distal end that is located closer to the center of the outlet than the base end,
A granular material storage container, wherein the container extends diagonally from the base end to the tip end in a direction away from the push-in part. A main body portion having a storage space for storing particulate matter and provided with a communication port communicating with the storage space;
The main body is configured to protrude from a peripheral edge of the communication port toward the outside of the main body, and to hold a predetermined amount of granular material delivered from the accommodation space through the communication port by placing the main body in an inverted position. a holding part;
The holding portion includes a take-out port for taking out the particulate matter, a pushing part facing the take-out port, and a regulating part that contacts the particulate matter passing through the take-out port and restricts the movement of the particulate matter. have,
The granular material held in the holding part can be pushed out from the ejection port by a pushing operation of the pushing part,
The main body portion is formed by a container main body having a cylindrical peripheral wall and an upper lid connected to the peripheral wall via a hinge, and a bottom lid that closes a lower end opening of the peripheral wall ,
The regulating portion is composed of a swingable movable piece provided along the inner peripheral edge of the outlet,
The movable piece has a base end that is continuous with the inner peripheral edge of the outlet, and a distal end that is located closer to the center of the outlet than the base end,
A particulate matter storage container extending obliquely from the base end to the distal end in a direction away from the push-in part . The granular material storage container according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the take-out port opens in a direction different from that of the communication port. The particulate matter storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the pushing direction of the pushing part is parallel to the extending direction of the partition wall in which the communication port is formed. The granular material is non-spherical, and the holder is configured to hold the granular material such that the granular material in the holder faces either the ejection port or the push-in part, and the granular material is held in the holder. The granular material storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the granular material storage container is configured to be held in a position in which it abuts a peripheral surface. The granular material according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed by a container main body having a cylindrical peripheral wall and a top lid connected to the peripheral wall via a hinge, and a bottom lid that closes a lower end opening of the peripheral wall. storage container. The particulate matter storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the pushing part has a dome-shaped elastically deformable thin part provided on a side wall of the holding part. The pushing part has an opening provided in a side wall of the holding part, a plate part disposed in the opening, and a connecting piece connecting an inner peripheral edge of the opening and an outer peripheral edge of the plate part. The granular material storage container according to any one of items 1 to 7 .

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