JP7351522B2 - Production equipment for raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass - Google Patents

Description

The present invention provides an apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass, and in particular, a method for producing a raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass. The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a biomass-derived raw material for pellet granulation, which is suitable for use in a conditioning process before pellet granulation when producing pellet-shaped biomass fuel from a biomass fuel.

Palm oil is used all over the world, and in Japan it is widely used in food products such as instant noodles and non-food products such as detergents and soaps.
Therefore, a large amount of fibrous empty fruit bunches (hereinafter referred to as "EFB") that remain after the fruits are collected from fresh fruit bunches of palm trees are discharged. Since this EFB has a calorific value that can be used as fuel for thermal power generation, it is expected to be used as a biomass fuel.

Patent No. 6517455

However, EFB contains a significant amount of potassium (K), and when the boiler is used, this potassium adheres to the furnace wall as combustion ash and causes combustion troubles, so reuse is progressing. not present.
It has long been known that raw materials containing impurities are put into a huge steam pot called a batch method, and then boiled for a long time with large amounts of chemicals to remove impurities and turn the raw materials into pulp. , problems such as the time loss of boiling for a long time in a huge steam pot, the location where it is impossible to process a large amount without using a huge steam pot, and the treatment of waste liquid produced by boiling for a long time with a large amount of chemicals. There was a problem.
Furthermore, in Patent Document 1, a cleaning tank equipped with a stirring mechanism is used, hot water of about 50 to 80°C and crushed EFB are poured into it, and the EFB is washed while being stirred, and then the EFB taken out is air-dried. However, since no chemicals are used, the potassium reduction effect was insufficient.

The present invention has been made by focusing on the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the biomass that has a sufficient calorific value such as EFB but also contains a significant amount of repellent components such as potassium is crushed, the moisture content is adjusted, and the final product is processed. The objective is to provide an apparatus for producing biomass-derived raw material for pellet granulation, which can efficiently and effectively perform potassium removal by combining crushing and moisture adjustment in a series of steps for pelletizing biomass. do.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the invention of claim 1 provides a cylindrical cylinder that is installed horizontally and whose feed direction of the biomass raw material is from one side in the axial direction to the other side; A feeding screw disposed inside the one side of the cylindrical cylinder, a kneading means disposed inside the other side, a pressure holding means for maintaining the inside of the cylindrical cylinder at a predetermined pressure, and a bottom of the cylindrical cylinder. The kneading means includes a rotary shaft coaxially disposed horizontally with the cylindrical cylinder, and a porous portion that closes a cutout portion formed on the side, and the kneading means has a rotary shaft installed laterally and coaxially with the cylindrical cylinder, and a rotary shaft protruding radially outward from the rotary shaft. , an acute angle blade whose cross section in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction is a square having a pair of opposing acute angles, and a blocking fitting protruding radially inward from the inner surface of the cylindrical cylinder, and the acute angle The long diagonal of the rectangular blade is inclined in the feeding direction of the biomass raw material or the opposite feeding direction thereof , and a plurality of the blocking metal fittings are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and the blocking fittings are adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the acute-angled blade. The blades are provided protrudingly between the blades and divide the area between the acute-angled blades that are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction when viewed from the axial direction, and the water in which the biomass is crushed and the potassium is exuded is discharged through the porous portion. This is an apparatus for producing raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass, which is characterized in that potassium is removed and moisture content is adjusted to extract material suitable for pellet granulation.

The invention according to claim 2 is the manufacturing apparatus for producing raw material for pellet granulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the shorter diagonal of the acute-angled blade is protruded so as to be parallel to the axial direction. It is.

The invention according to claim 3 is the apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to claim 1 or 2 , in which the acute-angle blade inclined in the feeding direction of the biomass raw material and the acute-angle blade inclined in the return direction of the biomass raw material are axially This manufacturing apparatus is characterized in that a kneading reinforcement region exists at a location where the former acute-angled blade is adjacent to the rear side in the feeding direction and the latter acute-angled blade is adjacent to the front side in the feeding direction.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the porous portion is made of punched metal.

The invention of claim 5 is the apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the annular block having a plurality of acute-angled blades protruding in the circumferential direction is fitted into the rotating shaft and is replaceable. This manufacturing device is characterized in that it can be attached to.

The invention according to claim 6 is the apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the biomass is fibrous empty fruit bunches derived from palm. be.

According to the apparatus for producing raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass of the present invention, biomass having sufficient calorific value such as EFB and containing a significant amount of repellent components such as potassium is crushed, water is adjusted, and the final product is produced. In a series of pelletizing steps, potassium removal can be carried out efficiently and effectively by combining crushing and moisture adjustment.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an apparatus for producing biomass-derived raw material for pellet granulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of acute-angled blades shown in FIG. 2;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An apparatus 1 for producing a raw material for pellet granulation derived from biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, EFB is used as the biomass raw material.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a cylindrical cylinder 7 is installed horizontally on a gantry base 3 via a bracket 5, and the direction from one axial side to the other, that is, the direction shown by the arrow, is the raw material. feed direction. Both axial ends of this cylindrical cylinder 7 are closed.

A cylindrical input port 9 is provided at one end in the axial direction of the cylindrical cylinder 7 so as to communicate with the inside and the upper side. Further, an outlet 11 is provided on the other end in the axial direction so as to communicate with the inside of the cylindrical cylinder 7 on the front side. This outlet 11 is opened and closed by a lid 13. An adjustment damper 17 connected to the air cylinder 15 is connected to the lid 13. Therefore, when the internal pressure of the cylindrical cylinder 7 exceeds a predetermined opening pressure, the lid 13 is opened against the pressure of the adjusting damper 17 and the raw material is discharged to the outside. Therefore, the inside of the cylindrical cylinder 7 is always maintained at a predetermined high pressure.
Further, the lower part of the cylindrical cylinder 7 is missing at the middle in the axial direction, and the missing part is closed with a punching metal to allow water to pass through. Drain ports 19 are continuous surrounding the missing portion. The front side of this drain port 19 is covered with a drain cover 21. Therefore, from the inside of the cylindrical cylinder 7, only the amount that has passed through the holes in the punched metal can reach the drain port 19.

Inside this cylindrical cylinder 7, a rotating shaft 23 is coaxially installed horizontally. This rotating shaft 23 is supported through the shaft so as to be rotatable around the axis, and a driving motor 25 for rotating in one direction is connected to a portion protruding from the cylindrical cylinder 7.
The inside of the cylindrical cylinder 7 is divided into two parts, and at one end in the axial direction, a feeding screw 27 is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 23 and is mainly responsible for feeding. The feed screw 27 is composed of a group of spiral swirling blades, and the rotation of the feed screw 27 causes the raw material input from the input port 9 to be sent inside the cylindrical cylinder 7 in the direction shown by the arrow. ing.

Further, in relation to the feeding screw 27, a disc-shaped entanglement prevention member 29 is provided. The entanglement prevention member 29 is provided with notches 29a at a plurality of locations in accordance with the pitch of the feed screw 27 so as to horizontally engage with the outer peripheral edge of the spiral swirl blade of the feed screw 27. , it is adapted to rotate freely as the feeding screw 27 rotates. EFB, which is a raw material, is roughly crushed and then put into the cylindrical cylinder 7, but even if it is only roughly crushed, there are many long fibers mixed in, which may wind up around the feeding screw 27 or cause the fibers to become loose. Co-rotation may occur in which the feeding screw 27 does not move forward simply by rotating together, but the entanglement prevention member 29 prevents the entanglement and causes the screw to fall, thereby ensuring smooth feeding.

Inside the cylindrical cylinder 7, a kneading means is provided on the other end in the axial direction to form a kneading region. One end of the outer surface of the rotating shaft 23 in the axial direction, that is, the part where the feeding screw 27 is attached, has a circular cross section, but the other end is approximately square, and a part of the kneading means is installed there. A constituting perforated block 31 is fitted in a replaceable manner and fixed coaxially. As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 4, an acute-angled blade 33 is provided protruding from the outer peripheral surface of this block 31.
When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the acute-angled blade 33 is provided so as to protrude straightly toward the outside in the radial direction, and its tip is close to the inner surface of the cylindrical cylinder 7. When viewed from the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, it is approximately diamond-shaped. The longer diagonal (L1) of the two diagonals of this rhombus is inclined at an angle θ in the feeding direction of the biomass raw material or the opposite feeding direction, and this θ is within the range of 10 to 40°. . Moreover, regardless of the direction of inclination of the diagonal line (L1), the shorter diagonal line (L2) is parallel to the feeding direction of the raw material, that is, the axial direction. The corners equally divided by the diagonal line (L1) are acute angle parts 33a, and from the positional relationship of the diagonals (L1, L2) of the rhombus described above, these acute angle parts 33a, 33a are both ends of the rotating shaft 23 in the circumferential direction. They are located on each side. Hereinafter, as needed, a blade whose diagonal line (L1) is inclined with respect to the feeding direction is distinguished as an acute-angled blade 33X, and a blade whose diagonal line (L1) is inclined with respect to the feeding direction is distinguished as an acute-angled blade 33Y.

One block 31 has four acute-angled blades 33 protruding from each other at equal intervals in the circumferential direction at a pitch of 90°. In the circumferential direction, the acute angle blade 33X and the acute angle blade 33Y are adjacent to each other, and their diagonals (L1, L1) intersect on the extension, and the diagonals (L2, L2) overlap on the extension.
A plurality of blocks 31, 31, . . . are fixed adjacent to each other in the axial direction. The block 31 can be fixed by shifting its position in the circumferential direction by 90 degrees or by inverting it.
By the rotation of the rotating shaft 23, the acute angle blade 33X works to feed the raw material, and the acute angle blade 33Y works to send back the raw material. If the acute angle blades 33X are aligned in the axial direction, the raw material feeding action will be strong, and if the acute angle blades 33Y are aligned in the axial direction, the raw material return action will be strong. Moreover, if the acute angle blade 33X and the acute angle blade 33Y are adjacent to each other in the axial direction, a strong collision effect will occur.

A blocking fitting 35 is provided protruding from the inner surface of the cylindrical cylinder 7. When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the blocking fitting 35 projects so as to extend straightly inward in the radial direction, and its tip is close to the outer circumferential surface of the block 31. Further, the blocking fitting 35 has a rectangular flat plate shape, and the plate surface faces in the circumferential direction.
When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the blocking fitting 35 is protruded in a positional relationship such that it enters between the axially adjacent acute-angled blades 33, 33. The blocking fittings 35 are provided in two places protruding in the circumferential direction at an interval of 90° on the upper side and the side. When viewed from the axial direction, the rotation of the rotating shaft 23 causes the acute angle blades 33, 33, As the four areas equally divided by 33 and 33 move at 90° intervals, when focusing on one area, it appears that the blocking fitting 35 enters and exits there. That is, the area appears to be divided into two narrow areas, and then back to one wide area.

The manufacturing apparatus 1 is configured as described above, and a raw material that has been roughly crushed and downsized to a certain size is charged into the cylindrical cylinder 7 through the input port 9 .
Inside the cylindrical cylinder 7 , the feed screw 27 feeds the feed toward the outlet 11 . Although the fibers contained in the raw material are strong, they are still long when fed, and may wind around the feeding screw 27, or co-rotation may occur where the fibers simply rotate together with the feeding screw 27 and do not move forward. Then, the tangle-preventing member 29 prevents the tangle from getting tangled and falls, so that it is fed to the kneading area without any hitch.

In the kneading area, acute-angle blades 33, 33, . A more reversal-like situation occurs between the sending direction and the reversing direction. In addition, since the blocking fittings 35 fixed between the adjacent acute-angled blades 33 are successively inserted, the raw material is prevented from co-rotating along with the acute-angled blades 33. Therefore, three-dimensional dynamic kneading is carried out by the cooperation of the acute-angled blade 33 and the blocking fitting 35, and not only the whole is kneaded and softened, but also long fibers are easily replaced on the surface and come out.
The acute angle part 33a of the acute angle blade 33 serves as a sharp cutting edge to cut strong fibers, but since the long fibers are constantly directed towards the acute angle part 33a due to the above-mentioned kneading, the fibers are efficiently cut into short pieces. When making paper stock, it is a problem if the fibers are cut into small pieces, but in this embodiment, the raw material is ultimately processed into pellets, so it is rather convenient from the point of view of improving the processing suitability of pellet granulation. good.

This cleavage destroys the cell membrane, allowing potassium within the cell to leach and dissolve into the surrounding water. EFB has a high water content, and the water is warmed by the heat generated by the friction of the fibers colliding with each other during the above-mentioned kneading inside the cylindrical cylinder 7 maintained at high pressure, so potassium leaches out. is easy.
Moreover, since dehydration also progresses at the same time as kneading, the water from which potassium has oozed out is discharged by the dehydration effect.
Note that water is guided toward the drain port 19, but the porosity of the punching metal that closes the missing part of the cylindrical cylinder 7 can be changed by adjusting the hole diameter and pitch, so that excessive dewatering is avoided. It is possible to moderately dehydrate the water content to a level that satisfies the processing suitability for pellet granulation without having to do so.

As described above, by the rotation of the acute-angled blades 33, 33, .
That is, in a series of steps of crushing the raw material EFB, adjusting its moisture content, and finally pelletizing it, removal of potassium can be carried out efficiently and effectively by involving the crushing and moisture adjustment.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the invention may be modified even if the design is changed within the scope of the gist of the present invention. included.
For example, only one of the acute angle blade 33X or the acute angle blade 33Y may be fixed to one block 31. Furthermore, the axial and circumferential arrangement relationship between the acute-angle blade 33X and the acute-angle blade 33Y, and the inclination angle of the acute-angle blade 33 can also be set as appropriate. Therefore, the kneading area can be optimized by taking into account the length of the EFB fibers, the water content, etc. to be introduced.
In addition, biomass is not limited to EFB, and examples include hemp core (hemp ogara). Plants to which potassium-containing fertilizer has been applied inevitably contain potassium, but the production apparatus of the present invention can sufficiently remove potassium.

1... Device for producing biomass-derived raw material for pellet granulation 3... Frame base 5... Bracket 7... Cylindrical cylinder 9... Inlet port 11... Outlet port 13... Lid body 15... Air cylinder 17... Adjustment damper 19... Drain port 21 ...Drainage cover 23...Rotating shaft 25...Drive motor 27...Feeding screw 29...Tangle prevention member 29a...Notch 31...Block 33X, 33Y...Acute angle blade 33a...Acute angle part 35...Block fitting θ...Inclination angle L1 , L2...diagonal line

Claims (6)

a cylindrical cylinder installed horizontally and whose feeding direction of the biomass raw material is from one side in the axial direction to the other side; a feeding screw installed inside the one side of the cylindrical cylinder; and a feeding screw installed inside the other side of the cylindrical cylinder. a kneading means, a pressure holding means for holding the inside of the cylindrical cylinder at a predetermined pressure, and a porous part for closing a cutout formed on the lower side of the cylindrical cylinder,
The kneading means includes a rotating shaft coaxially disposed horizontally with the cylindrical cylinder, and a pair of opposing acute-angled cross sections projecting radially outward from the rotating shaft and having cross sections perpendicular to the radial direction. and a blocking fitting protruding radially inward from the inner surface of the cylindrical cylinder,
The acute angle blade has a rectangular long diagonal line inclined in the direction of feeding the biomass raw material or the opposite direction of sending it back , and a plurality of the sharp blades are protruded adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction,
The blocking fitting is provided protrudingly between adjacent acute angle blades in the axial direction, and divides a region between the circumferentially adjacent acute angle blades when viewed from the axial direction,
A biomass-derived material characterized in that the biomass is crushed and the water from which potassium has oozed out is discharged through the porous portion to remove potassium and adjust the water content to extract a material suitable for pelletizing. Equipment for producing raw materials for pellet granulation. In the apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to claim 1,
A manufacturing device characterized in that the shorter diagonal of the acute-angled blade protrudes parallel to the axial direction. The apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to claim 1 or 2,
A location where an acute-angle blade that is inclined in the direction in which the biomass raw material is fed and an acute-angle blade that is inclined in the direction in which the biomass raw material is sent back are adjacent to each other in the axial direction, with the former acute-angle blade on the rear side in the feed direction and the latter acute-angle blade on the front side in the feed direction. is present as a kneading reinforcement region. The apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A manufacturing device characterized in that the porous portion is made of punched metal. The apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A manufacturing device characterized in that an annular block having a plurality of acute-angled blades protruding in the circumferential direction is replaceably attached to a rotating shaft by fitting the same into the annular block. The apparatus for producing a raw material for pellet granulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A production device characterized in that the biomass is fibrous empty fruit bunches derived from palm trees.

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