JP7341815B2 - 表面添加赤外線タガントトナー - Google Patents
表面添加赤外線タガントトナー Download PDFInfo
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- JP7341815B2 JP7341815B2 JP2019171724A JP2019171724A JP7341815B2 JP 7341815 B2 JP7341815 B2 JP 7341815B2 JP 2019171724 A JP2019171724 A JP 2019171724A JP 2019171724 A JP2019171724 A JP 2019171724A JP 7341815 B2 JP7341815 B2 JP 7341815B2
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- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorone Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(=O)C=C(C)C MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940110337 pigment blue 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099800 pigment red 48 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNFWGDKKNWGGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanimidamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=N GNFWGDKKNWGGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012176 shellac wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012177 spermaceti Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940084106 spermaceti Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- YJPVTCSBVRMESK-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Sr+2] YJPVTCSBVRMESK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001625 strontium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940074155 strontium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940013553 strontium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium iodide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[I-].[I-] KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001643 strontium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical class [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diacetate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CN(C)C AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWQQPYHYQKEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;3-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O AVWQQPYHYQKEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
- B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/676—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
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- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
複数の実施形態では、トナー粒子は樹脂を含んでもよい。樹脂は、ポリエステル、スチレン-アクリレート、又はこれらの組み合わせを含んでもよい。複数の実施形態では、ポリエステルは、非晶質、結晶性、又はこれらの組み合わせである。複数の実施形態では、樹脂は、高分子量非晶質ポリエステル、低分子量非晶質ポリエステル、及び結晶性ポリエステルを含む。本開示のトナーは、ラテックス樹脂を顔料と組み合わせて含んでもよい。ラテックス樹脂は、当業者の知識の範囲内における任意の方法によって調製されてもよいが、複数の実施形態では、ラテックス樹脂は、半連続乳化重合を含む乳化重合法によって調製されてもよく、トナーは、乳化凝集トナーを含んでもよい。乳化凝集は、サブミクロンのラテックス及び顔料粒子の両方をトナーサイズの粒子に凝集することを伴い、粒径の成長は、例えば、複数の実施形態では、約1ミクロン~約15ミクロンである。
複数の実施形態では、ラテックスは、界面活性剤又は共界面活性剤を含有する水相中で調製されてもよい。ラテックス分散体を形成するために樹脂と共に利用してもよい界面活性剤は、固体の約0.01~約15重量%、複数の実施形態では、固体の約0.1~約10重量%の量の、イオン性又は非イオン性界面活性剤であり得る。
開始剤
複数の実施形態では、ラテックスの形成のために開始剤を添加してもよい。好適な開始剤の例としては、水溶性開始剤、例えば、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム及び過硫酸カリウム、並びに有機過酸化物を含む有機溶媒可溶性開始剤、並びにVazo過酸化物を含むアゾ化合物、例えばVAZO 64(商標)、2-メチル2-2’-アゾビスプロパンニトリル、VAZO 88(商標)、2-2’-アゾビスイソブチルアミド無水物、及びこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。利用され得る他の水溶性開始剤としては、アゾアミジン化合物、例えば、2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチル-N-フェニルプロピオンアミジン)ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[N-(4-クロロフェニル)-2-メチルプロピオンアミジン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[N-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-メチル-プロピオンアミジン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[N-(4-アミノ-フェニル)-2-メチルプロピオンアミジン]テトラヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-メチル-N(フェニルメチル)プロピオンアミジン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-2-プロペニルプロピオンアミジン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[N-(2-ヒドロキシ-エチル)2-メチルプロピオンアミジン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2(5-メチル-2-イミダゾリン-2-イル)プロパン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-(2-イミダゾリン-2-イル)プロパン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-(4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-1H-1,3-ジアゼピン-2-イル)プロパン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-(3,4,5,6-テトラヒドロピリミジン-2-イル)プロパン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス[2-(5-ヒドロキシ-3,4,5,6-テトラヒドロピリミジン-2-イル)プロパン]ジヒドロクロリド、2,2’-アゾビス{2-[1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-イミダゾリン-2-イル]プロパン}ジヒドロクロリド、これらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。
複数の実施形態では、連鎖移動剤も、ラテックスの形成に利用されてもよい。好適な連鎖移動剤は、ドデカンチオール、オクタンチオール、四臭化炭素、これらの組み合わせなどを、モノマーの約0.1~約10重量%、複数の実施形態では約0.2~約5重量%の量で含み、本開示に従って乳化重合が実施されるときのポリマーの分子量特性を制御する。
複数の実施形態では、ラテックス粒子を形成する際に安定剤を含むことが有利となり得る。好適な安定剤としては、カルボン酸官能性(functionality)を有するモノマーが挙げられる。このような安定剤は、以下の式(I):
着色剤分散体は、例えば、約50~約500ナノメートルの体積平均直径、複数の実施形態では約100~約400ナノメートルの体積平均直径のサイズを有するサブミクロン着色剤粒子を含んでもよい。着色剤粒子は、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、又はこれらの組み合わせを含有する水性水相中に懸濁されてもよい。複数の実施形態では、界面活性剤はイオン性であってもよく、着色剤の約1~約25重量%、複数の実施形態では約4~約15重量%であってもよい。
複数の実施形態では、ラテックス及び水性着色剤分散体を凝集する間又は凝集前に、凝固剤を添加してもよい。凝固剤は、加工条件に応じて、約1分~約60分、複数の実施形態では約1.25分~約20分の時間にわたって添加されてもよい。
ワックス分散体もまた、乳化凝集合成においてラテックス又はトナーの形成中に添加されてもよい。好適なワックスとしては、例えば、体積平均直径が約50~約1000ナノメートル、複数の実施形態では約100~約500ナノメートルの粒径範囲のサブミクロンワックス粒子が挙げられ、水及びイオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、又はこれらの組み合わせの水相に懸濁される。好適な界面活性剤としては、上記のものが挙げられる。イオン性界面活性剤又は非イオン性界面活性剤は、ワックスの約0.1~約20重量%、複数の実施形態では約0.5~約15重量%の量で存在してもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、乳化凝集プロセスの速度を制御するために、pH調整剤を添加してもよい。本開示のプロセスで使用されるpH調整剤は、製造されている製品に悪影響を及ぼさない任意の酸又は塩基であってもよい。好適な塩基としては、金属水酸化物、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、及び任意にこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。好適な酸としては、硝酸、硫酸、塩酸、クエン酸、酢酸、及び任意にこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
錯化を引き起こすことができる任意の凝集剤を、本開示のトナーを形成する際に使用することができる。アルカリ土類金属塩又は遷移金属塩を、凝集剤として利用することができる。複数の実施形態では、ナトリウムスルホン化ポリエステルコロイドを着色剤と共に凝集させて、トナー複合体の形成を可能にするように、アルカリ(II)塩を選択することができる。このような塩としては、例えば、塩化ベリリウム、臭化ベリリウム、ヨウ化ベリリウム、酢酸ベリリウム、硫酸ベリリウム、塩化マグネシウム、臭化マグネシウム、ヨウ化マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、臭化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化ストロンチウム、臭化ストロンチウム、ヨウ化ストロンチウム、酢酸ストロンチウム、硫酸ストロンチウム、塩化バリウム、臭化バリウム、ヨウ化バリウム、及び任意にこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。凝集剤として利用され得る遷移金属塩又はアニオンの例としては、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、マンガン、鉄、ルテニウム、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、カドミウム又は銀の酢酸塩;バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、マンガン、鉄、ルテニウム、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、カドミウム、又は銀のアセト酢酸塩;バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、マンガン、鉄、ルテニウム、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、カドミウム、又は銀の硫酸塩;並びに酢酸アルミニウムなどのアルミニウム塩、ポリ塩化アルミニウムなどのハロゲン化アルミニウム、これらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。
複数の実施形態では、トナー組成物の表面添加剤は、所望により電荷制御剤を含んでもよい。例えば、トナーは、正又は負の電荷制御剤を、任意の所望量又は有効量、一実施形態ではトナーの少なくとも約0.1重量%、別の実施形態ではトナーの少なくとも約1重量%、一実施形態ではトナーの約10重量%以下、別の実施形態ではトナーの約3重量%以下の量で、含むことができる。好適な電荷制御剤の例としては、限定するものではないが、ハロゲン化アルキルピリジニウムを含む、四級アンモニウム化合物;重硫酸塩;米国特許第4,298,672号(この開示は参照により全体的に本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示のものを含むアルキルピリジニウム化合物;米国特許第4,338,390号(この開示は参照により全体的に本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示のものを含む有機スルフェート及びスルホネート組成物;セチルピリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート;ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウムメチルスルフェート;BONTRON E84(商標)若しくはE88(商標)(保土谷化学)などのアンモニウム塩など、並びにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。このような電荷制御剤は、上記シェル樹脂と同時に適用されても、シェル樹脂の適用後に適用されてもよい。
トナーと組み合わせることができる更なる任意の添加剤としては、トナー組成物の特性を向上させるための任意の添加剤が挙げられる。添加剤としては、表面添加剤、色増強剤などが挙げられる。洗浄又は乾燥後にトナー組成物に添加することができる表面添加剤としては、例えば、金属塩、脂肪酸の金属塩、コロイドシリカ、金属酸化物、チタン酸ストロンチウム、これらの組み合わせなどが挙げられ、添加剤は、各々通常はトナーの約0.1~約10重量%、複数の実施形態ではトナーの約0.5~約7重量%の量で存在する。他の添加剤としては、Degussaから入手可能なステアリン酸亜鉛及びAEROSIL R972(登録商標)が挙げられる。米国特許第6,190,815号及び第6,004,714号のコーティングされたシリカも、例えば、トナーの約0.05~約5重量%、複数の実施形態では約0.1~約2重量%の量で、選択できる。これらの添加剤は、凝集中に添加されてもよく、又は形成されたトナー製品にブレンドすることもできる。
複数の実施形態では、タガント表面添加剤は、様々な金属酸化物を含むセラミック材料を含む。複数の実施形態では、セラミック材料は、シリカ、酸化イットリウム、酸化リチウム、酸化イッテルビウム、及び酸化セリウムを含む。例示的なセラミック材料は、Stardust Materials LLC(Vancouver,WA)からIR発光顔料として入手可能である。別の非限定例のタガント材料は、US Research Nanomaterials,Inc.(Houston,TX)から入手可能な、Al2O3、MgO、ZnO、ZrO2、SiO2などの酸化物の組み合わせから製造される遠赤外ナノ粉末/ナノ粒子である。
本開示によるトナーは、プリンター、コピー機などを含む様々な撮像装置において使用することができる。本開示に従って生成されたトナーは、撮像プロセス、特にゼログラフィックプロセスに優れており、卓越した画像解像度、許容可能な信号対雑音比、及び画像均一性(image uniformity)を有する高品質の着色画像を提供することができる。更に、本開示のトナーは、デジタル撮像システム及びプロセスなどの電子写真撮像及び印刷プロセス用に選択することができる。
本明細書に開示されるトナー組成物は、ゼログラフィック撮像装置又は電子写真画像形成装置(electrophotographic image forming device)として従来知られているものなどの様々な撮像システムにおいて、感光体などの電子写真撮像部材(electrophotographic imaging member)と共に使用することができる。このような撮像部材は、可視光、近赤光及び/又は赤外光を用いた撮像及び印刷システムのために選択されてもよい。撮像部材は、正又は負に帯電してもよく、約700~約900ナノメートルの波長を有する光、例えば、固体レーザー、例えば、ヒ素型レーザーによって生成される光に、順次又は同時のいずれかで曝露され、続いて、得られた画像を現像し、それをスライド又は紙などの印刷基材に転写する。更に、撮像部材は、可視光を用いる撮像システム及び印刷システム用に選択されてもよい。撮像部材は、正又は負に帯電してもよく、約400~約700ナノメートルの波長を有する光に曝露され、続いて、既知のトナーで現像し、次いで、画像を印刷基材上に転写及び定着する。
この実施例は、本明細書に記載された実施形態によるタガントを含むトナーの調製及び特性評価を説明する。
75グラムのトナー粒子を卓上ブレンダーに添加し、続いて、3.5重量%のシリカ添加剤RY50(日本アエロジルから入手可能)、1.6%のチタニア添加剤SMT5103(テイカ株式会社から入手可能)、0.5%のステアリン酸亜鉛添加剤(Ferro Corporationから入手可能)、0.1%のシリカ添加剤H2050EP(Wacker Chemieから入手可能)、及び0.1%のタガント粉末(Stardust Materials LLC)を添加した。次に、内容物を約15,000rpmで2.5分間ブレンドして、本明細書の最終的なブレンドされたトナーを得た。
[付記]
本開示は下記の態様<1>~<20>も含む。
<1>
樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物であって、前記トナー組成物は、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含む、トナー組成物。
<2>
前記タガントがセラミックである、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<3>
前記セラミックが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含む、<2>に記載のトナー組成物。
<4>
前記タガントがナノ粒子である、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<5>
前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約0.05pph~約5pphの量で存在する、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<6>
トナー色が透明又はイエローであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約0.05pph~約1pphの範囲の濃度で存在する、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<7>
トナー色がマゼンタであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約0.5~約2pph存在する、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<8>
トナー色がシアンであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約1~約5pph存在する、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<9>
トナー色がブラックであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約5~約10pph存在する、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<10>
前記トナー粒子が、スチレン-アクリレートポリマー、非晶質ポリエステル、結晶性ポリエステル、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<11>
前記トナー粒子が化学プロセスによって調製される、<1>に記載のトナー組成物。
<12>
前記トナー粒子が、融解混合及び粉砕によって調製される、<1>に記載のトナー粒子。
<13>
樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物の製造方法であって、前記トナー組成物が、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含み、前記方法が、
トナー粒子を、前記赤外発光タガントを含む表面添加剤パッケージとブレンドすることを含む、製造方法。
<14>
前記表面添加剤パッケージが、電荷制御剤を更に含む、<13>に記載の製造方法。
<15>
前記タガントが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含むナノ粒子セラミックである、<13>に記載の製造方法。
<16>
前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約0.05pph~約5pphの量で存在する、<13>に記載の製造方法。
<17>
物品であって、前記物品上に配置された印刷画像を有し、前記印刷画像は、樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物で作製され、前記トナー組成物は、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含み、前記印刷画像は、前記赤外発光タガントの赤外線検出による前記物品の認証を可能にする、物品。
<18>
前記物品が、識別章又は通貨の形態である、<16>に記載の物品。
<19>
前記タガントが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含むナノ粒子セラミックである、<16>に記載の物品。
<20>
前記タガントが、トナー粒子の約0.05pph~約5pphの量で存在する、<16>に記載の物品。
Claims (16)
- 樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物であって、前記トナー組成物は、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含み、トナー色が透明又はイエローであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~1pphの範囲の濃度で存在する、トナー組成物。
- 前記タガントがセラミックである、請求項1に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記セラミックが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含む、請求項2に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記タガントがナノ粒子である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~0.1pphの量で存在する、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のトナー組成物。
- 前記トナー粒子が、スチレン-アクリレートポリマー、非晶質ポリエステル、結晶性ポリエステル、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のトナー組成物。
- 樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物の製造方法であって、前記トナー組成物が、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含み、トナー色が透明又はイエローであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~1pphの範囲の濃度で存在し、前記方法が、
トナー粒子を、前記赤外発光タガントを含む表面添加剤パッケージとブレンドすることを含む、製造方法。 - 前記表面添加剤パッケージが、電荷制御剤を更に含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記タガントが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含むナノ粒子セラミックである、請求項7又は請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~0.1pphの量で存在する、請求項7~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記トナー粒子を化学プロセスによって調製することを含む、請求項7~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記トナー粒子を融解混合及び粉砕によって調製することを含む、請求項7~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 物品であって、前記物品上に配置された印刷画像を有し、前記印刷画像は、樹脂と着色剤とを含むトナー粒子を含むトナー組成物で作製され、前記トナー組成物は、前記トナー粒子の表面上に配置された赤外発光タガントを更に含み、トナー色が透明又はイエローであり、前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~1pphの範囲の濃度で存在し、前記印刷画像は、前記赤外発光タガントの赤外線検出による前記物品の認証を可能にする、物品。
- 前記物品が、識別章又は通貨の形態である、請求項13に記載の物品。
- 前記タガントが、ケイ素、イットリウム、リチウム、イッテルビウム、及びセリウムの酸化物を含むナノ粒子セラミックである、請求項13又は請求項14に記載の物品。
- 前記タガントが、トナー粒子の0.05pph~0.1pphの量で存在する、請求項13~請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
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- 2019-10-01 CA CA3057201A patent/CA3057201C/en active Active
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JP2020056999A (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
BR102019020639A2 (pt) | 2020-12-08 |
KR20200038190A (ko) | 2020-04-10 |
EP3633459B1 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
CA3057201A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
US10495996B1 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
KR102580601B1 (ko) | 2023-09-20 |
CA3057201C (en) | 2022-03-22 |
EP3633459A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
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