JP7327082B2 - Cell wall breaking device and sludge treatment device using the cell wall breaking device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cell wall breaking device for breaking cell walls of microorganisms contained in sludge and the like, and a sludge treatment apparatus using the cell wall breaking device for microorganisms.

As a technology related to the cell wall destruction apparatus for microorganisms contained in sludge, for example, Patent Document 1 describes "A biological sludge treatment apparatus for solubilizing sludge by breaking the cell walls of microorganisms contained in sludge, wherein the sludge is A plurality of resistors are arranged in the pipeline through which the sludge flows, and the stirring means that agitates the sludge and the stirring gas to physically damage the cell walls of the microorganisms, and heats the sludge that flows through the pipeline. a biological sludge treatment apparatus characterized by comprising a heating means for promoting cell wall destruction of microorganisms by means of a heating means” (see claim 1 of Patent Document 1).

In the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 above, as a specific configuration of the stirring means that physically damages the cell walls of microorganisms, "While circulating sludge between the tank 2 and the static mixer 3, static The sludge and air are continuously agitated for a required time in the mixer 3. This can physically damage the cell walls of microorganisms in the sludge. is injected into the sludge on the upstream side of the static mixer 3" (see paragraph [0020] of Patent Document 1).

In addition, in Patent Document 2, "a sludge treatment apparatus having a return means for returning to the biological treatment tank by applying a water hammer pressure to the sludge generated by decomposing organic matter in the biological treatment tank in the wastewater containing organic matter. .” (see claim 1 of Patent Document 2). Then, in the embodiment of Patent Document 2, regarding the water hammer pressure, etc., "water hammer pressure Pa = 0.5 to 1 MPa, drain valve operating time Δt = 0.05 to 0.1 seconds (increasing speed Pa / Δt = 5 ~20 MPa/sec), valve chamber setting angle α = 20 to 40°, drain valve mounting angle θ = 60° to 80°, water hammer cycle ta = 1 to 3 seconds.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, "an oil separation device for separating oil accumulated in microalgae,
comprising steam generating means for generating steam and a steam ejector,
The steam ejector includes a first opening for sucking the suspension of microalgae, a second opening for flowing the water vapor, an inner chamber for mixing the suspension and the water vapor, and the first opening. and the inner chamber, a second flow passage communicating between the second opening and the inner chamber, and a mixture of the suspension and the water vapor communicating with the inner chamber. The suspension has a third flow path for outflow, and the suspension is discharged from the first opening using the negative pressure generated in the inner chamber by jetting the water vapor from the second opening to the inner chamber. An oil separation device characterized by sucking and mixing the suspension and the water vapor to separate oil accumulated in microalgae in the suspension. ” (see claim 1 of Patent Document 3).

JP-A-2003-340493 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2014-486 JP 2017-79621 A

However, the devices disclosed in each patent document have the following problems.
Regarding Patent Document 1, in order to appropriately generate turbulence in the static mixer and continuously agitate sludge and air, the liquid substance flowing in the static mixer is kept at a constant flow rate / pressure. Requires large pump power to maintain.
Also, a large amount of electric power is required to heat the liquid substance to a predetermined temperature with an electric heater as a heating means.
As described above, the technique of Patent Document 1 consumes a large amount of energy and cannot be said to be an efficient treatment method.

In addition, regarding Patent Document 2, since the pressure of the pump is set to the water hammer pressure by the water hammer, it is necessary to install an accumulator between the pump and the water hammer to prevent the water hammer pressure from affecting the pump. Also, even if a pump is not used, a tank capable of obtaining a corresponding water head difference is required, resulting in an increase in the size of the apparatus. Furthermore, there is also the problem that it is necessary to take measures against the problem that the vibration generated by the water hammer action induces failure of the device and measures to reduce the sound of the water hammer.

Furthermore, regarding Patent Document 3, although the use of a steam ejector has the effects of making the device compact, reducing energy consumption, and improving durability, the change in pressure inside the steam ejector is related to decompression, and the pressure of the liquid substance is increased. The effect of cell wall destruction by pressure cannot be expected.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and has a low energy consumption, a compact device, and a cell wall disrupting device for microorganisms, etc., which has a high cell wall disrupting effect, and sludge using the cell wall disrupting device. The object is to provide a processing device.

(1) The cell wall disruption apparatus according to the present invention comprises an inflow part provided with a steam inlet for introducing steam and a liquid substance inlet for introducing a liquid substance, and a downstream side where the steam and the liquid substance are mixed. A mixing section whose diameter decreases toward the mixing section, and a pressurizing section which expands in diameter toward the downstream side continuously from the throat section at the most downstream portion of the mixing section, where the mixed fluid is pressurized, and from the steam introduction port. a steam injector for contacting the introduced steam with the liquid substance introduced from the liquid substance introduction port to condense the steam to increase the pressure of the mixed fluid of the steam and the liquid substance;
liquid material supply means for supplying a liquid material containing organic matter such as microorganisms to the liquid material introduction port; steam supply means for supplying steam to the steam introduction port; It is characterized by comprising a delivery pipe section for delivering to.

(2) In addition, in the apparatus described in (1) above, a pressure control valve is provided in the delivery pipe portion for controlling the pressure of the mixed fluid delivered to the delivery pipe portion, and the pressure in the mixing portion is detected. A first pressure detection unit, a second pressure detection unit that detects pressure after the downstream end of the pressure increasing unit, and a pressure difference between the detected pressures of the first pressure detection unit and the second pressure detection unit. and a control unit for controlling the pressure control valve so that the pressure becomes 0.2 MPa or more.

(3) In addition, the apparatus according to (1) above further includes a pressure control valve provided in the delivery pipe portion for controlling the pressure of the mixed fluid delivered to the delivery pipe portion,
The steam supply means further has a function of adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the steam to be supplied,
The liquid substance supply means further has a function of adjusting the flow rate of the liquid substance supplied to the steam injector,
It is characterized in that the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector is in a subcritical state (temperature 150-200°C, pressure 0.5-2 MPa).

(4) In addition, in any one of the above (1) to (3), the steam injector introduces a secondary flow that is tangential to the main flow introduced from the liquid substance inlet. having a liquid substance inlet,
The liquid material supply means is characterized by comprising a secondary liquid material supply means for supplying a liquid material containing organic matter such as microorganisms to the secondary liquid material introduction port.

(5) In addition, in any one of the above (1) to (4), the delivery pipe portion is provided with a fluid nozzle for depressurizing the mixed fluid to generate cavitation. be.

(6) In addition, in any one of the above (1) to (5), the delivery pipe portion is provided with a storage tank for temporarily storing the mixed fluid.

(7) In addition, in any one of the above (1) to (6), the delivery pipe portion is provided with heating means for heating the mixed fluid.

(8) A sludge treatment apparatus according to the present invention is a sludge treatment apparatus comprising the cell wall breaking device according to any one of (1) to (7) above,
It has a concentration device for concentrating the sediment in the final sedimentation tank and a digestion tank for generating methane gas from the sludge, wherein the cell wall breaking device is disposed between the concentration device and the digestion tank, and the concentration device The thickened sludge is subjected to a cell wall destruction treatment and sent to the digestion tank.

(9) In addition, in the method described in (8) above, the cell wall breaking device is further provided for performing a cell wall breaking treatment on the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank, and the digested sludge is treated by the cell wall breaking device. After that, it is returned to the digestion tank or sent to the process after the dehydrator.

(10) A sludge treatment apparatus comprising the cell wall disruption apparatus according to any one of (1) to (7) above,
It has a digestion tank that generates methane gas from the sludge, and the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank is subjected to cell wall destruction treatment by the cell wall destruction device and returned to the digestion tank or sent to the process after the dehydrator. It is characterized by

According to the cell wall disrupting device of the present invention, by having a steam injector, energy consumption is small, the device can be made compact, and the cell wall disrupting effect of microorganisms can be enhanced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a microbial cell wall disruption device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the action of the main part of the apparatus for destroying the cell walls of microorganisms shown in FIG. 1; It is an explanatory view explaining the composition of the sludge treatment equipment concerning Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 4 is a graph for explaining the effect of the sludge treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an organic cell wall disruption device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of another aspect of the device for breaking down the cell wall of organic matter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an organic cell wall destruction apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[Embodiment 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the microbial cell wall disruption apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a steam injector 7 having a steam inlet 3 and a liquid substance inlet 5, and a liquid substance containing microorganisms in the liquid substance inlet 5. liquid substance supply means 9 for supplying a substance; steam supply means 11 for supplying steam to the steam inlet 3; delivery pipe portion 13 for delivering the mixed fluid discharged from the steam injector 7 to the post-treatment portion; A pressure control valve 15 provided in 13 for controlling pressure, a first pressure detection unit 17, a second pressure detection unit 19, and the pressures of the first pressure detection unit 17 and the second pressure detection unit 19 are detected. A first control unit 21 is provided to control the pressure control valve 15 so that the pressure difference therebetween is 0.2 MPa or more.
Each configuration will be described in detail below.

<Steam injector>
The steam injector 7 has a liquid material introduction port 5 consisting of a vapor introduction port 3 for introducing water vapor, a main liquid substance introduction port 23 for introducing the main flow of the liquid substance, and a secondary liquid substance introduction port 25 for introducing the secondary flow of the liquid substance. The steam introduced from the steam introduction port 3 is ejected from the steam ejection port 27 and brought into contact with the liquid substance introduced from the liquid substance introduction port 5 and ejected from the tip of the nozzle 29 to condense the steam. It is a device that pressurizes a mixed fluid of water vapor and a liquid substance.
The secondary liquid material inlet 25 injects a secondary stream in a direction tangential to the main stream introduced from the main liquid material inlet 23 to form a swirling flow.

If the inside of the steam injector 7 is divided according to its function, as shown in FIG. 2, an inflow part into which steam and liquid substances flow, a mixing part whose diameter decreases toward the downstream side where steam and liquid substances are mixed, The throat portion 31 at the most downstream portion of the mixing portion is continuously connected to the pressure increasing portion that expands in diameter toward the downstream side to increase the pressure, and the outflow portion on the downstream side of the pressure increasing portion.

Explaining the operation of the steam injector 7 having such a structure, the steam introduced from the steam inlet 3 is ejected into the mixing section, and is brought into direct contact with the ejected liquid material introduced from the liquid material inlet 5. The kinetic energy possessed by the water vapor is transferred to the liquid substance, and at the same time, the liquid substance is heated by condensation of the water vapor. Higher pressure than any substance.

A drain pipe 33 is connected to the throat portion 31 of the steam injector 7, and the drain pipe 33 is connected to a storage tank 37 which will be described later.
The drain pipe 33 extracts the drain (condensed hot liquid substance) remaining in the mixing section (especially the throat section 31) at the time of startup, and facilitates the supply of steam to the mixing section, so that the steam can be continuously supplied at the time of startup. It is intended to enable smooth condensation.
In order to exhibit the function of the drain pipe 33, the drain pipe 33 is provided with an on-off valve 35. The on-off valve 35 is a pressure control valve when the pressure in the mixing portion of the steam injector 7 is at or after the downstream end of the pressure increasing portion. When the pressure on the upstream side of 15 becomes higher than a certain value, the valve is opened.

<Liquid substance supplying means>
The liquid substance supply means 9 supplies the liquid substance containing microorganisms to the liquid substance introduction port 5 of the steam injector 7, and is composed of various devices.
As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid substance supply means 9 of the present embodiment includes a storage tank 37 that receives and stores a liquid substance containing microorganisms, and a main supply pipe that supplies the liquid substance from the storage tank 37 to the steam injector 7. 39, a flow meter 41 provided in the main supply pipe 39 to measure the flow rate, a pump (not shown) for sending liquid substances to the main supply pipe 39, and a sub-supply pipe 43 for supplying to the substance introduction port 25 .

The reason for providing the sub-supply pipe 43 is to supply the liquid substance from the sub-supply pipe 43 to the sub-liquid substance inlet 25 of the steam injector 7, thereby turning the flow of the liquid substance into a swirling flow.
The reason why the flow of the liquid substance is swirl is as follows.
Since liquid substances such as sludge have a higher viscosity than water, the condensation heat of the water vapor is applied to the liquid substance jet at the contact surface between the liquid substance jet introduced from the liquid substance inlet 5 and ejected from the nozzle 29 and the steam flow. It is difficult to propagate toward the center, and the temperature of the contact surface between the liquid substance jet and the steam flow tends to rise. This leads to suppression of water vapor condensation on the contact surface between the liquid substance jet and the water vapor flow. For this reason, the exchange of momentum and energy between the jet of liquid substance and the steam flow is reduced, and there is a possibility that the size of the steam injector 7 will be increased and the pressurization from the mixing section to the pressurization section will be reduced.
Such a problem can be solved by making the liquid substance jet a swirling flow to promote contact between the entire liquid substance jet and the steam flow. The mechanism by which the contact between the entire liquid substance jet and the water vapor flow is promoted will be described later.

The storage tank 37 is provided with a thermometer 45 for measuring the temperature of the liquid substance.
The main supply pipe 39 is provided with a main flow control valve 47 for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid substance supplied to the main liquid substance introduction port 23 , and the sub supply pipe 43 is provided with the sub liquid substance introduction port 25 . A secondary flow control valve 49 is provided for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid substance.
Note that the storage tank 37 is not essential and can be omitted, and the storage tank 37 may be provided and used or bypassed as necessary. When the storage tank 37 is omitted or bypassed, the drain pipe 33 may be connected to the downstream side of the pressure control valve 15 in the delivery pipe portion 13 .

<Water vapor supply means>
The steam supply means 11 supplies steam to the steam inlet 3 of the steam injector 7. For example, a steam supply pipe 51 for supplying steam from a steam generator such as a boiler to the steam inlet 3; A flowmeter 53 is provided in the supply pipe 51 and measures the flow rate of steam. The steam supply pipe 51 is provided with a thermometer 55 and a pressure gauge 57 .

<Delivery pipe part>
The delivery pipe portion 13 is a pipe or the like for delivering a mixed fluid of a liquid substance and steam discharged from the steam injector 7 to a post-treatment portion such as a digestion tank of a sludge treatment apparatus.

<Pressure control valve>
The pressure control valve 15 is provided in the delivery pipe portion 13 and adjusts the pressure of the mixed fluid delivered. The opening of the pressure control valve 15 is adjusted by the first controller 21 .

<First pressure detector>
The first pressure detector 17 detects the pressure of the mixing section in the steam injector 7 and transmits the detected value to the first controller 21 . The first pressure detection unit 17 may be provided at any position, for example, in the throat 31 because the pressure is substantially the same in the mixing unit.

<Second pressure detector>
The second pressure detection section 19 detects the pressure after the downstream end of the pressure increasing section in the steam injector 7 . The position where the second pressure detection part 19 is provided may be on the upstream side of the pressure control valve 15 after the downstream end of the pressure increasing part.

<First control section>
The first control unit 21 inputs the pressures of the first pressure detection unit 17 and the second pressure detection unit 19 and controls the pressure control valve 15 so that the pressure difference between them becomes 0.2 MPa or more.
In the present embodiment, a second control section 59 is provided that inputs the detection signal of the first pressure detection section 17 and controls the main flow control valve 47 and the sub flow control valve 49 .

The present invention is based on the premise that the steam injector 7 operates as an injector. It is necessary to adjust the flow rates of the liquid substance and steam to be supplied, and these controls are performed by main control means (not shown). Since it is not directly related, detailed description is omitted.

The operation of the microbial cell wall disruption apparatus 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
A liquid substance containing microorganisms stored in the storage tank 37 is sent to the main supply pipe 39 by a pump (not shown) and introduced into the steam injector 7 through the main supply pipe 39 and the sub-supply pipe 43 .

At the inflow portion of the steam injector 7, the main liquid substance inlet 23 is supplied with the liquid substance from the main supply pipe 39, and the secondary liquid substance inlet 25 is introduced with the liquid substance from the auxiliary supply pipe 43. Also, steam supplied from a steam supply pipe 51 is introduced into the steam inlet 3 .
The main stream introduced from the main liquid material inlet 23 flows in the axial direction of the steam injector 7, and the substream introduced from the secondary liquid material inlet 25 flows in the tangential direction orthogonal to the main stream. Form a swirling flow. Therefore, on the downstream side of the secondary liquid material introduction port 25 , the liquid material flowing in the axial direction from the upstream side is also affected by the swirling flow, and the entire liquid material forms a swirling flow and is ejected from the tip of the nozzle 29 . .
The flow rates of the main flow and the secondary flow are controlled by adjusting the respective opening degrees of the main flow control valve 47 and the secondary flow control valve 49 by the second controller 59 .

The steam introduced from the steam inlet 3 flows axially along the outer circumference of the nozzle 29 and is mixed with the liquid substance in the mixing section.
As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure of the liquid substance and steam in the inflow part is about 0.1 MPa for the liquid substance and about 0.15 MPa for the steam.

In the mixing section, water vapor comes into direct contact with the liquid substance and is condensed. In the mixing section, the momentum of the water vapor is efficiently transferred to the liquid substance and accelerated toward the throat section 31 .
The pressure of the mixed fluid in the mixing section is reduced to about 0.03 MPa, as shown in FIG. 2, and the cell walls of the microorganisms contained in the liquid substance are destroyed by heating and collision with the condensing water vapor.

In the present embodiment, a swirling flow is generated in the liquid substance, and therefore, when the liquid substance contains a fluid mass such as sludge, the effect of destroying the cell walls of microorganisms is promoted by the following action.
When a centrifugal force is applied by imparting a swirling velocity component to the liquid substance, the dense fluid mass near the center of the sludge jet moves to the periphery of the sludge jet, promoting contact with the steam flow. Condensation of water vapor causes the mass of fluid whose temperature has risen and whose density has decreased to move toward the center of the jet.
In this way, by making the liquid material swirling, the temperature of the fluid mass of the liquid material in contact with the water vapor is easily maintained at a low temperature, which promotes the condensation of the water vapor. can promote effectiveness.

The swirling speed component is imparted so that the pressure of the first pressure detection unit 17 installed in the mixing unit of the steam injector 7 becomes a preset target value (or calculated from the inflow conditions of the liquid substance and steam). The second controller 59 controls the main flow control valve 47 and the sub flow control valve 49 . Specifically, if the pressure detected by the first pressure detector 17 is higher than the target value, the opening of the secondary flow control valve 49 is increased to increase the flow rate of the secondary flow in order to increase the swirling speed component.

When it passes through the throat 31 and enters the pressurizing section, the flow path expands, and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, resulting in a rapid pressure increase (pressurization). Preferably, a pressure difference of 0.3 MPa or more is generated to promote cell wall destruction of microorganisms (see FIG. 2).
On the other hand, in the case of a steam ejector, as shown in FIG. 2, the pressure at the outflow portion is lower than the pressure at the inflow portion, and it cannot be expected that the cell walls will be broken by pressurization.

The first control unit 21 constantly inputs the detected pressures of the first pressure detection unit 17 and the second pressure detection unit 19, and controls the opening of the pressure control valve 15 so that the pressure difference is 0.2 MPa or more. . Specifically, when the pressure difference tends to decrease, the pressure control valve 15 is throttled, and when the pressure difference tends to become too large, control is performed to increase the opening of the pressure control valve 15. .
When a rapid pressure increase (0.2 MPa or more) is observed in the pressurizing section of the steam injector 7, the flow velocity of the liquid substance in the pressurizing section is a high-speed flow of about 20 m/s or more. Since the length of the portion is about 100 mm, the pressure increasing speed in the pressure increasing portion is about 40 MPa/s or more. In this way, the steam injector 7 can obtain a high pressure increase speed in the pressure increase section, and therefore can promote the cell wall breaking effect.

The liquid substance, which is the post-treatment fluid in which the cell walls have been broken, is delivered to the post-treatment equipment through the delivery pipe portion 13 .

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the steam injector 7 is used to break the cell walls of the liquid substance containing microorganisms, so that the energy consumption is small, the device can be made compact, and the efficiency is improved. It is possible to effectively and effectively perform cell wall disruption.

[Embodiment 2]
As a suitable application example of the microbial cell wall destruction apparatus 1 described in Embodiment 1, in order to promote methane gas generation in a digestion tank in a sludge treatment apparatus, the cell walls of microorganisms contained in thickened sludge are removed before entering the digestion tank. It can be applied to the destruction of
In this embodiment, an example of application to such a sludge treatment apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3 shows the device configuration and treatment flow of a sludge treatment apparatus in a sewage treatment plant, for example. , a regulating pond 69 , a thickening device 71 , a digesting tank 73 and a thickening tank 75 .
As a feature of this embodiment, a first cell wall breaking device 77 including a steam injector 7 for breaking the cell walls of microorganisms is provided between the concentration device 71 and the digestion tank 73 . Furthermore, in this embodiment, a second cell wall breaking device 79 is also installed that includes a steam injector 7 that receives the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank 73 and breaks the cell walls of microorganisms contained in the digested sludge.

The flow of processing will be described based on FIG.
Sewage flows into a sedimentation basin 61, and the sewage sedimented in the sedimentation basin 61 flows into a primary sedimentation basin 63. - 特許庁In the primary sedimentation tank 63 , the supernatant water is transferred to the reaction tank 65 and the precipitated sludge is transferred to the thickening tank 75 . The sludge thickened in the thickening tank 75 is transferred to the digesting tank 73 .
On the other hand, the supernatant water transferred to the reaction tank 65 is decomposed and purified by microorganisms or the like and transferred to the final sedimentation tank 67 . Here, the excess sludge precipitated in the final sedimentation tank 67 is transferred to the mechanical thickener 71, and the supernatant water is discharged after disinfection and pH adjustment in the adjustment tank 69.

The thickened sludge thickened by the thickener 71 is stored in the storage tank 37, which is a component of the microbial cell wall destruction apparatus 1 described in the first embodiment. In the thickened sludge stored in the storage tank 37, the cell walls of microorganisms are destroyed by the action of the steam injector 7, as described in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, an exhaust heat recovery boiler of a gas engine is used as the steam supply means 11 for supplying steam to the steam injector 7 , and the steam generated here is supplied to the steam injector 7 .

The sludge delivered from the steam injector 7 undergoes methane fermentation in the digestion tank 73 to extract methane gas, which is supplied to a gas engine or the like. Since cell walls are effectively destroyed in the sludge delivered from the steam injector 7, methane fermentation is efficiently performed in the digestion tank 73, and a large amount of methane gas can be extracted.
Digested sludge from which methane gas is taken out in the digestion tank 73 is sent to processes after the dehydrator and treated.

All or part of the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank 73 may be introduced into the second cell wall breaking device 79 and returned to the digestion tank 73 again, or sent to the processes after the dehydrator. .
The purpose of introducing the digested sludge into the second cell wall breaking device 79 and returning it to the digestion tank 73 is that microorganisms that have not undergone cell wall breaking may remain in the digested sludge. This is to improve the effect of further collecting methane gas by performing destruction.
In addition, the purpose of introducing the digested sludge into the second cell wall breaking device 79 and then sending it to the process after the dehydrator is to break the cell walls of microorganisms contained in the digested sludge that have not been broken. This is to improve the dehydration efficiency in the machine.

The sludge treatment apparatus of the present embodiment can improve the efficiency of collecting methane gas from the sludge thickened by the thickener 71 in the digestion tank 73 .
In addition, if the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank 73 is subjected to cell wall destruction of microorganisms by the second cell wall destruction device 79 including the steam injector 7 and returned to the digestion tank 73 again, further methane gas is generated. It can improve the collection effect.
Furthermore, if the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank 73 is subjected to cell wall destruction by the second cell wall destruction device 79 including the steam injector 7, and dehydration is performed by the dehydrator, the dehydration efficiency is improved. can be made

The graph shown in FIG. 4 is a graph of the experimental results showing the effect of the present invention, the vertical axis shows the methane gas generation ratio between the sludge that has not been treated by the steam injector 7 and the sludge that has been treated, and the horizontal axis. indicates the pressure difference between the first pressure detector 17 and the second pressure detector 19 .
As shown in the graph of FIG. 4, when the pressure difference is 0.2 MPa or more and the treatment by the steam injector 7 is performed, the methane gas generation rate is 1.3 times or more. From this, it was demonstrated that the steam injector 7 can effectively destroy the cell walls of microorganisms by setting the pressure difference to 0.2 MPa or more.

The sludge treatment apparatus described in Embodiment 2 was provided with both the first cell wall breaking apparatus 77 and the second cell wall breaking apparatus 79 as shown in FIG. The device includes one having only one of the first cell wall breaking device 77 and the second cell wall breaking device 79 .

[Embodiment 3]
In the first embodiment, the cell wall disrupting device 1 has the steam injector 7, so that energy consumption is small, the device can be made compact, and the cell wall disrupting effect of microorganisms can be enhanced. In addition, it is said that the cell wall breaking effect can be accelerated by setting the pressure difference between the mixing section and the downstream end of the pressurizing section to 0.2 MPa or more.
In this embodiment, the operating conditions of the cell wall disruption device 1 using the steam injector 7 shown in FIG. It further promotes the cell wall destruction effect by utilizing the action and strong hydrolysis action.
In Embodiment 1, liquid substances containing microorganisms were treated, but sludge also contains organic substances other than microorganisms, and the present invention is also effective in decomposing organic substances. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the object to be processed will be described as a liquid substance containing an organic substance.

Here, the subcritical state will be briefly described by taking subcritical water as an example.
When the temperature and pressure of water are 374°C and 22 MPa, it enters a state that is neither water (liquid) nor water vapor (gas), that is, a critical state. This temperature and pressure is called the critical point of water, the region of higher temperature and pressure than the critical point is called the supercritical state, and the region of temperature and pressure slightly lower than the critical point is called the subcritical state.
The subcritical state is generally defined as a range of 150 to 300°C and 0.5 to 10 MPa. In the present invention, the steam injector 7 is used to achieve a subcritical state with a temperature of 150 to 200°C and a pressure of 0.5 to 2 MPa. is.

By using the steam injector 7 in the cell wall disruption device 1, the liquid substance containing organic matter is heated by contact with steam and condensation of the steam inside the vapor injector 7, and at the same time receives the kinetic energy, and then the liquid substance containing organic matter is heated. The kinetic energy of matter is converted into pressure. In other words, the steam injector 7 heats and pressurizes the liquid substance containing the organic matter, thereby bringing it into a subcritical state.

In order to make the liquid substance subcritical at the outlet of the steam injector 7 (temperature 150-200°C, pressure 0.5-2 MPa), the conditions for the steam and the liquid substance supplied to the steam injector 7 are set to 25°C. The cases are shown in Table 1 below.

As shown in Table 1, when the temperature of the liquid substance is 25°C,
・Liquid substance pressure = 0.5 to 1.6 MPa
・Steam pressure = 2 to 3 MPa (saturated steam)
・Steam/liquid substance (mass flow ratio) = 0.24 to 0.38
becomes.
The pressure of the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector 7 can be controlled by the pressure control valve 15 shown in FIG.
Also, the pressure and flow rate of steam can be controlled by, for example, providing a pressure control valve and a flow rate control valve in the steam supply pipe 51 between the boiler that supplies steam and the inlet of the steam injector 7 . Additionally, the temperature of the steam can be controlled by the operating conditions of the boiler.
Also, the pressure and flow rate of the liquid substance can be controlled by a pump that supplies the liquid substance to the steam injector 7 and a flow control valve. Also, the temperature of the liquid substance can be controlled by temperature control of the storage tank 37 .

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects described in Embodiment 1 that energy consumption is small, the apparatus can be made compact, and the cell wall destruction effect of microorganisms can be enhanced, By utilizing the dissolution action and strong hydrolysis action of organic matter in the subcritical state, the cell wall breaking effect and the decomposition effect of organic matter can be further promoted.

[Embodiment 4]
As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 81 for destroying the cell walls of organic matter according to the present embodiment uses the steam injector 7 to raise the temperature and pressure of the liquid substance containing the organic matter to a predetermined temperature and pressure to form a mixed fluid in a subcritical state. It is configured as a system for depressurizing and transferring to the post-process.
In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as in FIG. Also shown are a pump 83 for supplying the liquid substance, a flow control valve 85 for adjusting the supply flow rate of the liquid substance, and a boiler 87 as steam supply means, which are not shown in FIG. A thermometer 89 and a pressure gauge 91 are installed in the main supply pipe 39 for the liquid substance, and a thermometer 93 is installed at the outlet of the steam injector 7 .
Note that control lines and control units shown in FIG. 1 are omitted in order to avoid complication of the drawing.

As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 81 for destroying the cell walls of organic matter according to the present embodiment has a fluid nozzle 95 arranged in the delivery pipe before being transported to the post-process, and the flow phenomenon inside the fluid nozzle 95 reduces the pressure. Cavitation or the like is generated to promote the solubilization of organic substances.
Cavitation occurs when the static pressure of a fluid is lower than the saturation pressure of the fluid, and the higher the temperature of the fluid, the higher the saturation pressure.
A venturi nozzle, for example, can be applied as a fluid nozzle capable of generating cavitation using a pressure drop that converts static pressure into dynamic pressure by narrowing the aperture.

Further, when the mixed fluid does not need to be at a high temperature in the post-process, it is preferable to effectively utilize the heat of the mixed fluid. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. is used to recover the heat of the mixed fluid to the boiler feed water.

According to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the third embodiment, acceleration of solubilization by the fluid nozzle 95 can be expected, and subcritical heat can be effectively utilized.

The mixed fluid in the subcritical state is decompressed and transferred to the post-process, but as shown in FIG. : 5 to 90 minutes) A temporary storage tank 99 capable of temporarily storing the mixed fluid may be provided to maintain the subcritical state for a predetermined time, thereby promoting solubilization.

[Embodiment 5]
In Embodiments 3 and 4, the outlet of the steam injector 7 or the inlet of the fluid nozzle 95 is in a subcritical state. may not reach the subcritical state.
Therefore, in the organic matter cell wall destruction apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, the mixed fluid is heated to a predetermined temperature after being pressurized by the steam injector 7 to bring the mixed fluid into a subcritical state.

Boiler steam may be used as a heating means for heating the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector 7. As shown in FIG. to heat the liquid substance.

As an operation example, the steam flowing into the steam injector 7 is saturated steam of 2 MPa, the temperature of the liquid material containing organic matter flowing into the steam injector 7 is 25°C, the pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the mass flow ratio of the steam and the liquid material containing organic matter (steam / organic matter) is 0.2, the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector 7 is in a high temperature and high pressure state of 130°C and 2 MPa. The mixed fluid in this state is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 180° C.) in the second heat exchanger 103 using boiler steam, thereby making it subcritical.

In this embodiment, by providing the second heat exchanger 103 as a heating means for heating the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector 7, the temperature of the mixed fluid at the outlet of the steam injector 7 becomes subcritical depending on the operating conditions. Even if it does not reach , the mixed fluid can be brought to a subcritical state by heating with a heating means to promote solubilization.

Note that the temporary storage tank 99 shown in FIG. 6 may be provided in the examples shown in FIGS. Further, in the above description, providing the fluid nozzle 95 and the temporary storage tank 99 in the delivery pipe section 13, or providing the first heat exchanger 97 and the second heat exchanger 103 can be used to convert the mixed fluid into a subcritical fluid. Even in Embodiment 1 in which the condition is not specified, an effect can be expected from the viewpoint of solubilization of organic matter.

1 Microorganism Cell Wall Destruction Device 3 Steam Inlet 5 Liquid Substance Inlet 7 Steam Injector 9 Liquid Substance Supplying Means 11 Steam Supplying Means 13 Delivery Pipe Portion 15 Pressure Control Valve 17 First Pressure Detector 19 Second Pressure Detector 21 First First Pressure Detector Control part 23 Main liquid material inlet 25 Secondary liquid material inlet 27 Steam jet 29 Nozzle 31 Throat 33 Drain pipe 35 On-off valve 37 Storage tank 39 Main supply pipe 41 Flow meter (main supply pipe)
43 Sub-supply pipe 45 Thermometer (storage tank)
47 main flow control valve 49 secondary flow control valve 51 steam supply pipe 53 flow meter (steam supply pipe)
55 thermometer (steam supply pipe)
57 pressure gauge (steam supply pipe)
( Embodiment 4)
83 pump 85 flow control valve 87 boiler 89 thermometer (main supply pipe)
91 pressure gauge (main supply pipe)
93 thermometer (steam injector outlet)
95 Fluid Nozzle 97 First Heat Exchanger 99 Temporary Storage Tank 101 Organic Cell Wall Destruction Apparatus (Fifth Embodiment)
103 second heat exchanger

Claims (9)

For the inflow part provided with a steam inlet for introducing steam and a liquid material inlet for introducing the liquid material sent out by the pump , and for the main stream introduced from the liquid material inlet and flowing in the axial direction of the steam injector A sub-liquid substance inlet that injects sub-streams in orthogonal tangential directions to form a swirling flow, a mixing section that decreases in diameter toward the downstream side where the water vapor and the liquid substance are mixed, and a maximum of the mixing section. and a pressurizing portion that expands in diameter toward the downstream side and continuously pressurizes the mixed fluid in the throat portion in the downstream portion, and the steam introduced from the steam inlet is introduced from the liquid substance inlet. a vapor injector for increasing the pressure of a mixed fluid of the water vapor and the liquid substance by contacting the liquid substance to condense the water vapor;
liquid material supply means for supplying a liquid material containing organic matter such as microorganisms to the liquid material introduction port; steam supply means for supplying steam to the steam introduction port; A cell wall disruption device characterized by comprising a delivery pipe section for delivering to. A pressure control valve provided in the delivery pipe portion for controlling the pressure of the mixed fluid delivered to the delivery pipe portion, a first pressure detection portion for detecting the pressure in the mixing portion, The pressure control valve is controlled so that the pressure difference between the second pressure detection unit and the pressure detected by the first pressure detection unit and the second pressure detection unit is 0.2 MPa or more. 2. The cell wall disruption device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller. further comprising a pressure control valve provided in the delivery pipe for controlling the pressure of the mixed fluid delivered to the delivery pipe;
The steam supply means further has a function of adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the steam to be supplied,
The liquid substance supply means further has a function of adjusting the flow rate of the liquid substance supplied to the steam injector,
2. The cell wall disruption apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fluid at the outlet of said steam injector is in a subcritical state (temperature: 150-200° C., pressure: 0.5-2 MPa). 4. The cell wall disrupting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a fluid nozzle for depressurizing the mixed fluid to generate cavitation is provided in the delivery pipe. 5. The cell wall disrupting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the delivery pipe portion is provided with a storage tank for temporarily storing the mixed fluid. 6. The cell wall disruption device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the delivery pipe portion is provided with heating means for heating the mixed fluid. A sludge treatment apparatus comprising the cell wall disruption apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
It has a concentration device for concentrating the sediment in the final sedimentation tank and a digestion tank for generating methane gas from the sludge, wherein the cell wall breaking device is disposed between the concentration device and the digestion tank, and the concentration device A sludge treatment apparatus characterized in that the thickened sludge concentrated in (1) is subjected to a cell wall destruction treatment and sent to the digestion tank. The cell wall breaking device is further provided for performing cell wall breaking treatment on the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank, and after the digested sludge is treated by the cell wall breaking device, it is returned to the digestion tank or the process after the dehydrator. 8. The sludge treatment apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the sludge is sent out to. A sludge treatment apparatus comprising the cell wall disruption apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
It has a digestion tank that generates methane gas from the sludge, and the digested sludge discharged from the digestion tank is subjected to cell wall destruction treatment by the cell wall destruction device and returned to the digestion tank or sent to the process after the dehydrator. A sludge treatment device characterized by:

Images