JP7295048B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to buildings.

In a building with a pitched roof, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, for example, heat insulating material is provided along the roof and the attic is treated as an indoor space. In such a case, since the attic is not ventilated, there is a problem that dew condensation occurs in the attic. In the building disclosed in Patent Literature 1, dew condensation on the lower surface of the roof is suppressed by providing a vent inside the roof and ventilating the inside of the roof.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-213832

Even in buildings with flat roofs, if the roof is provided with insulation, the attic is generally not ventilated. In a building having a flat roof, a ventilation section is provided inside the wall so that air does not become trapped inside the wall, and this ventilation section may communicate with the attic. In this case, high-humidity air enters the attic from the vents provided in the walls, and in the summer, dew condensation occurs on the upper surface of the ceiling inside the attic due to the temperature difference between the attic and the room with the ceiling as the boundary. In winter, there is a problem that dew condensation occurs on the lower surface of the roof plate material in the attic due to the difference in temperature between the attic and the outdoors bordering on the roof plate material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a building having a flat roof capable of suppressing dew condensation on the upper surface of the ceiling member and the lower surface of the roof plate material.

As a result of various studies, the inventors of the present invention have found that the above objects are achieved by the following inventions.

A building according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a shingle extending horizontally to form a roof, and spaced below the shingling so as to form an attic under the shingling. a ceiling plate material for forming a ceiling; a wall member having therein a ventilation part extending upwardly from the bottom and having an opening provided in a region between the roof plate material and the ceiling plate material; and a first moisture-proof member provided between the roof panel and the ceiling panel so as to block the attic and the opening of the ventilation section.

In the building described above, the first moisture-proof member suppresses the inflow of high-humidity air from the outside of the building 1 into the attic through the ventilation section of the wall member. As a result, the first moisture-proof member suppresses an increase in humidity around the ceiling board material and the roof board material. Therefore, even if the ceiling plate material is cooled by the indoor temperature in the summer, condensation on the upper surface of the ceiling plate material can be suppressed, and even if the roof plate material is cooled by the outside air temperature in the winter season, Condensation can be suppressed.

Said building WHEREIN: The said heat insulation member may have moisture resistance.

In this aspect, the moisture-proof heat insulating member suppresses the inflow of high-humidity air from the roof plate material into the attic, so even if the ceiling plate material is cooled in the summer, dew condensation on the upper surface of the ceiling plate material is further suppressed. can do.

The building may further include a second moisture-proof member provided along the ceiling plate material.

In this aspect, the second moisture-proof member suppresses the inflow of high-humidity air from the room into the attic through the ceiling plate material. can be further suppressed.

The above building further includes a second moisture-proof member provided along the ceiling plate material, and the roof plate material includes a roof component forming the roof and an upper floor adjacent to the roof component. a supporting upper storey support portion, said insulating member having an insulating extension extending along said roof constituent portion of said shingle material, and said second moisture barrier member, in plan view, said roof constituent portion; In the area overlapping with the section, the building has a moisture-proof extension extending along the ceiling plate material, and the building isolates the area sandwiched between the heat insulation extension and the moisture-proof extension from other areas. may further include a moisture-proof member.

In this aspect, the third moisture-proof section prevents the inflow of humid air from other areas into the area overlapping the roof component of the attic, thereby preventing condensation in the area overlapping the roof component of the attic. can be suppressed.

The above building may further include a beam supporting the roof plate member closer to the ventilation part than the first moisture-proof member, and the first moisture-proof member may have heat insulation properties.

When the beams are cooled, for example, by the influence of the temperature from the room through the attic, when the warm, humid air coming in from the vent comes into contact with the cooled beams, condensation may form on the surfaces of the beams. However, in this aspect, the first moisture-proof member having heat insulation is interposed between the attic and the beam, and the beam is prevented from being cooled by the temperature of the attic. dew condensation can be suppressed.

In the building described above, the heat insulating member may be provided along the lower surface of the roof plate material, and the structure may further include a waterproof member provided along the upper surface of the roof plate material.

In this aspect, since the waterproof member can prevent the roof plate material from getting wet with rain, it is possible to prevent rain from penetrating the roof plate material and the inflow of highly humid air that causes dew condensation into the attic. be able to.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the building which has a flat roof which can control the dew condensation of the upper surface of a ceiling member, and the lower surface of a roof board material can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the periphery of the roof of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion corresponding to line II-II of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the position where the first heat insulating member according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided.

A building according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Building configuration)
FIG. 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the periphery of the roof of the building according to this embodiment. The building 1 according to this embodiment includes beams 4, a roof 2 and an upper floor 6 supported on the beams 4, an outer wall 12, and a ceiling plate material 18 that forms an attic 3 between the roof 2, and a heat insulating and moisture-proof member 20 provided in the attic 3.

Next, each element constituting the building 1 will be described.

The beams 4 constitute the skeleton of the building 1 and have a first beam 4a (beam), a second beam 4b and a third beam 4c. The three beams 4 are each made of H-shaped steel and arranged horizontally from the outside toward the inside. A soft fireproof covering material 5 is provided on the first beam 4a so as to cover the inner side surface. The second beam 4b and the third beam 4c are provided with a soft fireproof covering material 5 so as to cover both side surfaces and the bottom surface. A moisture-proof member base sheet 5a is provided so as to cover the fireproof coating material 5 provided on the first beam 4a and the third beam 4c.

The roof plate material 11 is provided above the beams 4 and supported by the beams 4 from below. The roof plate material 11 has a plurality of ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Aerated Concrete) panels arranged horizontally.

The roof 2 (flat roof) extends in the horizontal direction and includes a roof-constituting portion 11a, a second heat-insulating member 14 provided on the upper surface of the roof-constituting portion 11a, and a plate member 15 provided on the upper surface of the second heat-insulating member 14. and a waterproof member 17 provided on the upper surface of the plate member 15 . The roof plate member 11 has a roof forming portion 11 a for forming the roof 2 and an upper story supporting portion 11 b for supporting the upper story 6 . A boundary 26 between the roof 2 and the upper story 6 adjacent to the roof 2 is set at the center of the wall 6a of the upper story 6 in the thickness direction, and the roof constituent part 11a and the upper story support part 11b are also separated by the boundary 26. be done.

In FIG. 1, a first beam 4a is provided below the outer edge of the roof 2, a third beam 4c is provided so that the H-beam web lies below the boundary 26, and a third The second beam 4b is provided between the first beam 4a and the third beam 4c.

The second heat insulating member 14 is made of a heat insulating material such as extruded polystyrene foam, and has a portion extending along the roof forming portion 11a. The waterproof member 17 is provided along the upper surface of the roof plate material 11 . The upper surface of the waterproof member 17 is inclined so as to descend outward from the upper floor 6 side, so that rainwater falling on the upper surface of the waterproof member 17 and water sprinkled thereon can be easily discharged outward. .

The outer wall 12 is made of a plate material such as a gypsum board, and is provided with an interior panel 12c facing the room, a heat insulation panel 12d provided outside the interior panel 12c, and a gap provided outside the heat insulation panel 12d. an outer wall panel 12e extending upward, a parapet panel 12f provided inside the upper portion of the outer wall panel 12e, and a covering member 12g covering the upper ends of the outer wall panel 12e and the parapet panel 12f.

The heat insulating panel 12d includes a frame 12d1, a soft heat insulating material 12d2 such as glass wool provided inside the frame 12d1, and a hard heat insulating material such as extruded polystyrene foam provided outside the frame 12d1 and the soft heat insulating material 12d2. 12d3 and .

The interior panel 12c and the heat insulating panel 12d are provided below the first beam 4a.

Between the outer wall panel 12e and the hard heat insulating material 12d3, a ventilation part 12h extending upward from the bottom is provided.

The opening 12h1 of the ventilation part 12h is provided at the upper end of the heat insulating panel 12d.

The outer wall 12 is divided into a lower wall portion 12a (wall member) and an upper parapet portion 12b with the upper end of the heat insulating panel 12d as a boundary. Therefore, the wall portion 12a has a ventilation portion 12h inside, and an opening 12h1 of the ventilation portion 12h is provided at the upper end portion of the wall portion 12a. Further, the opening 12h1 is provided in a region between the roof plate material 11 and the ceiling plate material 18. As shown in FIG. One end of the fireproof covering material 5 is inserted into the opening 12h1, but the opening 12h1 is not sealed because the fireproof covering material 5 has air permeability.

The ceiling plate material 18 is made of a plate material such as a gypsum board, is provided below the roof plate material 11 so as to form the attic 3 under the roof plate material 11, and constitutes the ceiling. The ceiling plate material 18 is fixed to the upper end portion of the frame 12d1 of the heat insulating panel 12d via a coffer 19 that contacts the upper surface of the ceiling plate material 18. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the attic 3 is a space sandwiched between the roof board 11 and the ceiling board 18 . In addition, in FIG. 1, the portion of the joist 19 that overlaps the heat insulating and moisture-proof member 20 is also indicated by a solid line for the sake of convenience.

The heat insulating moisture-proof member 20 has a first heat insulating member 13 , a second moisture-proof member 23 , a first moisture-proof member 21 , a third moisture-proof member 24 and a fourth moisture-proof member 25 .

The first heat insulating member 13 is provided between the adjacent beams 4 on the lower surface of the roof-constituting portion 11a of the roof plate material 11 along the roof-constituting portion 11a. In this embodiment, the first heat insulating member 13 is provided only on the lower surface of the roof-constituting portion 11a and has only the heat insulating extension portion. The first heat insulating member 13 is made of urethane foam provided by spraying, and has moisture resistance in addition to heat insulating properties.

The second moisture-proof member 23 is provided on the upper surface of the ceiling plate material 18 and sandwiched between the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joists 19 . The second moisture-proof member 23 is made of a film having moisture-proof properties, and has a moisture-proof stretched portion 23a extending along the upper surface of the ceiling board 18 in a region overlapping the roof-constituting portion 11a in plan view. In addition, the second moisture-proof member 23 is located inside the moisture-proof extension part 23a (upper floor 6 side) and inside the boundary 26 between the roof 2 and the upper floor 6 (below the third beam 4c). The ends are bent to stand up.

The first moisture-proof member 21, the third moisture-proof member 24, and the fourth moisture-proof member 25 are provided between the lower surface of the roof plate material 11 and the upper surface of the ceiling plate material 18 (the upper surface of the second moisture-proof member 23) from the outside. The first moisture-proof member 21, the fourth moisture-proof member 25, and the third moisture-proof member 24 are provided in this order, and are provided so as to close the gap between the lower surface of the roof panel 11 and the upper surface of the ceiling panel 18, respectively.

The first moisture-proof member 21 is provided so as to block the attic 3 and the opening 12h1 of the ventilation part 12h of the wall part 12a, and the fireproof coating material 5 provided inside the first beam 4a. The surface is covered from the inside via the moisture-proof member base sheet 5a. That is, the first beam 4a is provided closer to the ventilation part 12h than the first moisture-proof member 21 is.

The third moisture-proof member 24 is provided so as to cover both side surfaces and the lower surface of the fireproof covering material 5 provided on the third beam 4c through the moisture-proof member base sheet 5a. The area sandwiched between the heat insulating member 13 and the moisture-proof extended portion 23a is cut off from the other area. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 , the third moisture-proof member 24 is provided along the boundary 26 . In FIG. 2, the fourth moisture-proof member 25 and the beam 4 are omitted. In this embodiment, only the area sandwiched between the first heat insulating member 13 and the moisture-proof extension 23a partitioned by the boundary 26 in the attic 3 is the area to be blocked from the opening 12h1. Thus, when a predetermined area of the attic 3 is to be blocked from the opening 12h1, the first moisture-proof member 21 and the third moisture-proof member 24 may be provided so as to surround the predetermined area. . On the other hand, when the entire area of the attic 3 is blocked from the opening 12h1, the first moisture-proof member 21 can be provided so as to surround the attic 3 along the entire length of the opening 12h1.

The fourth moisture-proof member 25 is provided so as to cover both side surfaces and the lower surface of the fireproof coating material 5 provided on the second beam 4b through the moisture-proof member base sheet 5a.

The first moisture-proof member 21, the third moisture-proof member 24, and the fourth moisture-proof member 25 are made of foamed urethane provided by spraying, and have heat insulation in addition to moisture resistance. The first moisture-proof member 21, the third moisture-proof member 24 and the fourth moisture-proof member 25 can be provided together with the first heat insulating member 13 by foaming and spraying liquid urethane.

Here, after describing the temperature gradient between the ceiling plate material 18 and the waterproof member 17, the positions where the first heat insulating member 13 and the second moisture-proof member 23 are provided will be described.

As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 3, when the temperature inside the building 1 is higher than the temperature of the outside air, such as in winter, a temperature gradient is generated that decreases from the ceiling plate material 18 toward the waterproof member 17. . If the first heat insulating member 13 and the second moisture-proof member 23 are not provided, this temperature gradient causes the temperature between the ceiling plate 18 and the waterproof member 17 to rise at the position A1 between the ceiling plate 18 and the waterproof member 17. The temperature of the air is the dew point, and in the area from the position A1 to the waterproof member 17, the temperature is below the dew point, so condensation occurs.

On the other hand, when the temperature inside the building 1 is lower than the temperature of the outside air, such as in summer, a temperature gradient occurs so that the temperature decreases from the waterproof member 17 toward the ceiling plate material 18 . When the first heat insulating member 13 and the second moisture-proof member 23 are not provided, this temperature gradient causes the temperature between the ceiling plate 18 and the waterproof member 17 to rise at the position A2 between the ceiling plate 18 and the waterproof member 17. The temperature of the air in the position A2 becomes the dew point, and the temperature in the area from the position A2 to the ceiling plate material 18 becomes lower than the dew point, so dew condensation occurs.

The air between the ceiling plate material 18 and the waterproof member 17 is cooled by the indoor air in summer, and is cooled by the outside air in winter. It is located on the indoor side, that is, on the ceiling plate material 18 side.

The second moisture-proof member 23 may be arranged closer to the ceiling plate 18 than the position A1, which is the dew point in winter. As a result, in winter, the second moisture-proof member 23 can suppress the inflow of air with higher humidity to the waterproof member 17 side than the position A1 from the room through the ceiling plate material 18, and the waterproof member 23 can be prevented from being waterproof from the position A1. The occurrence of dew condensation in the area up to the member 17 can be suppressed.

The first heat insulating member 13 may be arranged closer to the waterproof member 17 than the position A2, which is the dew point in summer. As a result, in summer, air with high humidity toward the ceiling plate material 18 side from the position A2 flows from the outside of the building 1 through the waterproof member 17, the plate material 15, the second heat insulating member 14, and the roof plate material 11. can be suppressed by the first heat insulating member 13, and the occurrence of dew condensation in the area from the position A2 to the ceiling plate material 18 can be suppressed. In the present embodiment, since the waterproof member 17 also has a certain level of moisture resistance, the waterproof member 17 can also suppress the inflow of highly humid air from the outside of the building 1 to some extent in summer.

Furthermore, if the first heat insulating member 13 is arranged closer to the ceiling plate material 18 than the position A1, which is the dew point in winter, the first heat insulating member 13, in addition to the second moisture-proof member 23, also serves as the dew point in winter. Inflow of air with higher humidity to the waterproof member 17 side from the room through the ceiling plate material 18 can be suppressed. Thereby, the occurrence of dew condensation in the area from the position A1 to the waterproof member 17 can be further suppressed. In this embodiment, the first heat insulating member 13 is positioned closer to the ceiling plate material 18 than the position A1, which is the dew point in winter, and to the waterproof member 17 side, which is closer to the position A2 than the position A2, which is the dew point in summer. placed in between.

The positions of the first heat insulating member 13 and the second moisture-proof member 23 are adjusted by adjusting the thicknesses of the ceiling plate material 18, the roof plate material 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate material 15, and the waterproof member 17. can be done.

(action, effect)
In the building 1 according to the present embodiment, the first moisture-proof member 21 suppresses the inflow of high-humidity air from the outside of the building 1 into the attic 3 through the ventilation section 12h of the wall section 12a. As a result, the first moisture-proof member 21 suppresses an increase in humidity around the ceiling board material 18 , the ceiling joist 19 and the roof board material 11 . Therefore, even if the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joist 19 are cooled by the influence of the room temperature in summer, dew condensation on the upper surface of the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joist 19 can be suppressed. In addition, even if the roof plate material 11 is cooled by the influence of the temperature of the outside air in winter, dew condensation on the lower surfaces of the first heat insulating member 13, the roof plate material 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate material 15, and the waterproof member 17 is prevented. can be suppressed.

In addition, since the first heat insulating member 13 has moisture resistance, the first heat insulating member 13 protects the outside of the building 1 from the outside of the building 1 via the waterproof member 17 , the plate material 15 , the second heat insulating member 14 and the roof plate material 11 . Inflow of highly humid air to the back 3 is suppressed. When the roof plate material 11 originally contains water, the inflow of the water contained in the roof plate material 11 into the attic 3 is also suppressed. Furthermore, the second moisture-proof member 23 also suppresses the inflow of high-humidity air from the outside of the building 1 to the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joists 19 via the attic 3 . Therefore, even if the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joist 19 are cooled in summer, dew condensation on the upper surface of the ceiling plate material 18 and the ceiling joist 19 can be further suppressed.

On the other hand, when the temperature and humidity inside the building 1 are higher than the temperature and humidity outside the building 1, such as in winter, the second moisture-proof member 23 prevents the ceiling plate material 18 and Inflow of highly humid air to the first heat insulating member 13, the roof plate material 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate material 15, the waterproof member 17, and the beam 4 through the attic 3 is suppressed. The roof plate material 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate material 15, and the waterproof member 17 are protected by the first heat insulating member 13, and the beam 4 is protected by the first moisture-proof member 21, respectively. Inflow is suppressed.

As a result, even if the first heat insulating member 13, the roof plate material 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate material 15, the waterproof member 17, and the beam 4 are cooled by the influence of the external temperature in winter, the second moisture-proof The member 23 suppresses an increase in humidity around these members. Therefore, dew condensation on the lower surfaces of the first heat insulating member 13 , the roof plate material 11 , the second heat insulating member 14 , the plate material 15 and the waterproof member 17 and on the beams 4 is suppressed. Condensation is prevented by the first heat insulating member 13 on the lower surfaces of the roof plate 11, the second heat insulating member 14, the plate 15, and the waterproof member 17, and by the first dampproof member 21 on the beam 4. Suppressed.

Moreover, in the building 1, the first heat insulating member 13, the first moisture-proof member 21, and the second moisture-proof member 23 not only suppress the occurrence of dew condensation, but also improve the airtightness of the building 1. can be done.

In addition, in the building 1 according to the present embodiment, the upper story 6 is provided adjacent to the roof 2, and the upper story support portion 11b below the upper story 6 of the roof plate material 11 is externally supported by the upper story 6. temperature. Therefore, dew condensation is less likely to occur on the lower surface of the upper floor support portion 11b, and dew condensation is also less likely to occur in the area overlapping the upper floor support portion 11b in a plan view of the ceiling plate material 18. The necessity of providing the heat insulating member 13 is low. In the building 1 according to the present embodiment, the first heat insulation member 13 is omitted on the lower surface of the upper floor support portion 11b, and the second moisture-proof member 23 is provided in the area of the ceiling plate material 18 that overlaps the upper floor support portion 11b in plan view. are omitted.

In addition, the third moisture-proof member 24 prevents the inflow of highly humid air from other regions into the region overlapping the roof-constituting portion 11a of the attic 3, thereby preventing the region overlapping the roof-constituting portion 11a of the attic 3. dew condensation can be suppressed.

In the building 1 according to the present embodiment, the first moisture-proof member 21 has heat insulation properties, and the first beam 4a is provided closer to the ventilation section 12h than the first moisture-proof member 21 is. For example, when the first beam 4a is cooled under the influence of the temperature from the room through the attic 3, the warm air with high humidity flowing from the ventilation part 12h touches the cooled first beam 4a. and condensation may occur on the surface of the first beam 4a. However, in this embodiment, the first moisture-proof member 21 having heat insulation is interposed between the attic 3 and the first beam 4a, and the influence of the temperature of the attic 3 through which the first beam 4a extends from the room Since it is prevented from being cooled by receiving the heat, dew condensation on the surface of the first beam 4a can be suppressed.

In the building 1 according to this embodiment, the waterproof member 17 can prevent the roof plate material 11 from getting wet in the rain. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the infiltration of rain into the roof plate material 11 and the inflow of highly humid air that causes dew condensation into the attic 3 .

(Modification)
In this embodiment, the first heat insulating member 13 has only a portion (insulating extension portion) extending along the roof-constituting portion 11a, and the first heat insulating member 13 is provided on the lower surface of the upper story support portion 11b. not However, the first heat insulating member 13 may also be provided on the lower surface of the upper story support portion 11b.

Moreover, although the building according to the present embodiment has the upper floors 6 provided side by side on the roof 2, the upper floors 6 may not be provided. In this case, since the entire area of the attic 3 is blocked from the opening 12h1, the first moisture-proof member 21 can be provided so as to surround the attic 3 along the entire length of the opening 12h1.

In FIG. 1, the first moisture-proof member 21, the third moisture-proof member 24, and the fourth moisture-proof member 25 are arranged so as to cover the surface of the fireproof coating material 5 provided around the beam 4 for the convenience of spraying. Although the form in which they are provided is shown, the first moisture-proof member 21 , the third moisture-proof member 24 and the fourth moisture-proof member 25 may be provided at a location away from the beam 4 and the fireproof coating 5 .

1 building 2 roof 3 attic 4 beam 4a first beam (beam)
6 Upper floor 11 Roof plate material 11a Roof constituent part 11b Upper floor support part 12a Wall part (wall member)
12h ventilation part 12h1 opening 13 first heat insulating member (heat insulating member, heat insulating extending portion)
14 Second heat insulating member (heat insulating member)
15 plate material 17 waterproof member 18 ceiling plate material 21 first moisture-proof member 23 second moisture-proof member 23a moisture-proof extension 24 third moisture-proof member

Claims (6)

is a building,
a shingle extending horizontally to form a roof;
a ceiling plate member for constructing a ceiling, provided below the roof plate member so as to form an attic under the roof plate member;
a wall member having therein a ventilation part extending upward from the bottom and having an opening provided in a region between the roof panel and the ceiling panel;
a heat insulating member provided along the roof board material;
and a first moisture-proof member provided between the roof panel material and the ceiling panel material so as to block the attic and the opening of the ventilation section. 2. The building structure of claim 1, wherein said insulating member is moisture resistant. 3. The building according to claim 1, wherein said building further comprises a second moisture-proof member provided along said ceiling plate material. The building further comprises a second moisture-proof member provided along the ceiling plate material,
The roof plate material has a roof-constituting portion that constitutes the roof, and an upper story supporting portion that supports an upper story adjacent to the roof-constituting portion,
The heat insulating member has a heat insulating extension extending along the roof forming portion of the roof panel material,
The second moisture-proof member has a moisture-proof extension part extending along the ceiling plate material in a region overlapping with the roof-constituting part in a plan view,
3. The building according to claim 2, further comprising a third moisture-proof member that isolates a region sandwiched by said heat-insulating extension and said moisture-proof extension from other regions. The building further comprises a beam supporting the roof plate member on the ventilation part side of the first moisture-proof member,
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first moisture-proof member has heat insulation properties. The heat insulating member is provided along the lower surface of the roof plate material,
6. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a waterproof member provided along the top surface of the roof panel material.

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