JP7274471B2 - Heat transfer composition, method and system - Google Patents

Description

(Cross reference to related applications)
This application claims priority benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/569,419, filed October 6, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference.

This application claims priority benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/593,393, filed December 1, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference.

(Field of Invention)
The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and systems that have utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In a particular aspect, the present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which refrigerant R-410A may be used. The compositions of the present invention are particularly intended as a replacement for refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications and for retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-410A. useful.

Mechanical refrigeration systems and related heat transfer devices such as heat pumps and air conditioners are well known in the art for industrial, commercial, and domestic use. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were developed in the 1930's as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, the impact of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer has received much attention. In 1987, many governments signed the Montreal Protocol to Protect the Global Environment, which set a timetable for phasing out CFC products. CFCs have been replaced by more environmentally acceptable materials containing hydrogen, namely hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbons has been chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol accelerated the phase-out of CFCs and scheduled the phase-out of HCFCs, including HCFC-22.

In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry has developed several hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with zero ozone depletion potentials. R-410A (50:50 w/w blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)) as an industrial replacement for HCFC-22 in air conditioning and chiller applications as it does not contribute to ozone depletion was adopted. However, the R-410A is not a drop-in replacement for the R-22. Therefore, replacement of the R-22 with the R-410A involves replacement and redesign of the compressor to accommodate the substantially higher operating pressures and volumes of the R-410A compared to the R-22. It required a redesign of major components within the switching system.

While R-410A has a more acceptable ozone depletion potential (ODP) than R-22, its high global warming potential of 2088 poses problems for continued use of R-410A. Therefore, there is a need in the art to replace R-410A with more environmentally acceptable alternatives.

Alternative heat transfer fluids have, among other things, excellent heat transfer properties (particularly heat transfer properties well suited to the needs of a particular application), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility, and It is understood in the art that it is highly desirable to possess a difficult-to-achieve mosaic of properties, including lubricant compatibility. Additionally, any replacement for R-410A should ideally be a good match to the operating conditions of R-410A to avoid modification or redesign of the system. Developing a heat transfer fluid that meets all of these requirements, many of which are unpredictable, is a major challenge.

With respect to efficiency of use, it is important to note that loss of thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency of refrigerants can result in increased fossil fuel usage as a result of increased demand for electrical energy. Therefore, the use of such refrigerants will have secondary adverse effects on the environment.

Flammability is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used herein, the term "non-combustible" is defined in accordance with ASTM E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases), ASHRAE Standard 34-2 016 Design and Safety Classification of Refers to a compound or composition that is determined to be non-combustible under the conditions described in Appendix B1 of Refrigerants and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is incorporated herein by reference and for convenience herein, "non-combustible called a sex test.

It is important to maintain system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor that the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system is returned to the compressor to perform its intended lubricating function. Otherwise, the lubricant can build up and lodge in the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. In addition, lubricant deposits on the inner surfaces of the evaporator reduce the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

Because R-410A is miscible with polyol esters (POE) at the temperatures encountered during use of such systems, R-410A is now commonly used with POE lubricants in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at temperatures typically encountered during operation of cryogenic refrigeration and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in cryogenic refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to mitigate this immiscibility.

Applicants have discovered a composition that can be used as a replacement for R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly residential and commercial air conditioning applications, including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning and chiller air conditioning applications. I have come to understand that it is desirable to be able to provide Applicants also believe that the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention, e.g., in heat pumps and cryogenic refrigeration systems, overcome the drawback of being immiscible with POE at temperatures encountered during operation of these systems. I have come to understand that it has advantages.

The present invention can be used as a replacement for R-410A and in preferred embodiments, excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low toxicity combined with low global warming potential (GWP) and near zero ODP Alternatively, refrigerant compositions are provided that exhibit the desired mosaic of properties of non-toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility and lubricant compatibility.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as Refrigerant 1 for convenience. As used herein with respect to percentages based on a list of specific compounds, the term "relative percentage" means the percentage of the specific compound based on the total weight of the compounds listed.

As used herein with respect to weight percentages, the term “about” with respect to the amount of a particular ingredient means that the amount of the particular ingredient can vary by +/-2 weight percent. Refrigerant and heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprise an amount of the specified compound specified as being "about," which amount is +/−1 weight percent of the specified amount, and even more preferably +/−0 .5% by weight.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 2 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 99.5% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 3 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 4 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 5 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 6 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39-39.4 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I);
Also, the refrigerant does not contain less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 8 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
About 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39-39.4% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and a refrigerant, based on the total weight of the three compounds Does not contain less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 9 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
Also, the refrigerant is free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 10 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
Also, the refrigerant is free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 11 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1% to 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 12 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1% to 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 13 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
Also, the refrigerant is free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 14 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
Also, the refrigerant is free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 15 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
Also, the refrigerant is 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 free and 39.5% CF3I free based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 16 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
Also, the refrigerant is 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 free and 39.5% CF3I free based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 17 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
49 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 18 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
49 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 19 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I);
Also, the refrigerant meets the non-flammability test. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 20 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I);
Also, the refrigerant meets the non-flammability test. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 21 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising at least about 99.5% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
Also, the refrigerant meets the non-flammability test. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 22 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
Also, the refrigerant meets the non-flammability test. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 23 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
Also, the refrigerant meets the non-flammability test. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 24 for convenience.

The present invention
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the percentages of these three compounds Based on gross weight. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 25 for convenience.

The present invention
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
A refrigerant consisting essentially of 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), these percentages being the total weight of these three compounds. based on. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 26 for convenience.

Description Definition:
For the purposes of the present invention, the term "about" with respect to temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) means that the specified temperature can vary by an amount of +/−5°C. In preferred embodiments, temperatures specified as about are preferably +/−2° C., more preferably +/−1° C., even more preferably +/−0.5° C. of the specified temperature.

The term "capacity" is the amount of cooling (BTU/hr) provided by a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. This is determined experimentally by multiplying the change in refrigerant enthalpy (BTU/lb) as the refrigerant passes through the evaporator by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. Enthalpy can be determined from measurements of refrigerant pressure and temperature. The ability of a refrigeration system is related to its ability to maintain the area being cooled at a particular temperature. Refrigerant capacity represents the amount of cooling or heating that a refrigerant provides and provides a measure of the compressor's ability to deliver an amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will provide more cooling or heating power.

The phrase "coefficient of performance" (hereinafter "COP") is a widely accepted term that is particularly useful for expressing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a particular heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. It is a measure of refrigerant performance. In refrigeration, the term describes the ratio of available refrigeration or cooling power to the energy applied by a compressor in compressing a vapor, thus delivering the amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of a heat transfer fluid such as a refrigerant. It represents the capacity of a given compressor. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher COP will provide more cooling or heating power. One means of estimating the COP of a refrigerant at a particular operating condition is derived from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (e.g., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). See R. C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).

The phrase "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the exit of the compressor. The advantage of lower discharge temperature is that it allows the use of existing equipment without activating the thermal barriers of the system, which are preferably designed to protect the compressor components, and eliminates the need for expensive injections of liquids, etc., to lower the discharge temperature. to avoid the use of unwieldy control devices.

The "Global Warming Potential" (hereinafter "GWP") was developed to allow comparison of the global warming effects of various gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the release of 1 ton of a gas absorbs over a given period of time relative to the release of 1 ton of carbon dioxide. The higher the GWP, the more a given gas will warm the Earth over that period of time compared to CO2. The period commonly used for GWP is 100 years. GWP provides a common measure that allows analysts to sum emission estimates for different gases. www. EPA. See gov.

The term "mass flow rate" is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit time.

The term "occupational exposure limit (OEL)" is determined according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.

As used herein, the term "replacement for" with respect to a particular heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention, as "a replacement for" a particular predecessor refrigerant, heretofore generally used with its predecessor refrigerant It refers to the use of the specified compositions of this invention in heat transfer systems that have been used. Examples include residential and commercial air conditioning systems (including rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems and chiller systems) that have been designed for and/or commonly used with R410A. When using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention in a conventional heat transfer system, the refrigerant of the present invention becomes a replacement for R410A in such systems.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures having varying temperatures during the phase change process in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

Refrigerants and Heat Transfer Compositions Applicants have found that the refrigerants of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39 described herein, are particularly useful as replacements for R-410A, particularly conventional 410A. For use in residential air conditioning systems and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning systems (including conventional R-410A rooftop systems, conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems and conventional R-410A chiller systems) It has been found that, in this case, very advantageous properties, especially non-flammability, can be provided.

A particular advantage of the refrigerants of the present invention is that they are non-flammable when tested according to the non-flammability test and, as noted above, can be used in a variety of systems as a replacement for R-410A and have excellent heat transfer properties. , low environmental impact (especially including low GWP and near-zero ODP), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, and/or lubricant compatibility, and remains non-flammable in use. is desired in the art. This desirable advantage can be achieved with the refrigerant of the present invention.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain more than 12 relative weight percent HFC-125. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 27 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain more than 12 relative weight percent HFC-125. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 28 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 29 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 30 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the refrigerant is Free of 11.5% by weight of HFC-125 based on total weight and free of 12% by relative weight or more of HFC-125. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 31 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the refrigerant is the total weight of the three compounds and no more than 12 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 32 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain more than 39.5 relative wt% CF3I. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 33 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain more than 39.5 relative wt% CF3I. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 34 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 35 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 36 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain more than 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 37 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
Also, the refrigerant does not contain more than 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 38 for convenience.

The present invention includes a refrigerant comprising the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
11.6 wt% to 11.9 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.0 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the refrigerant is nonflammable meet the exam. The refrigerant according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as refrigerant 39 for convenience.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, in an amount greater than 40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, in an amount greater than about 50% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, in an amount greater than 70% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, in an amount greater than 80% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, in an amount greater than 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition consists essentially of any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the present invention consists of any refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention may contain other ingredients for the purpose of enhancing or providing a particular functionality to the composition. Such other ingredients or additives include one or more of lubricants, dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear agents. can be included.

Stabilizer:
The heat transfer composition of the present invention comprises a refrigerant as described herein, including each of refrigerants 1-39 above, and a stabilizer.

The stabilizer component is preferably provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount from greater than 0% to about 15%, or from about 0.5% to about 10%, by weight of the heat transfer composition, these percentages being , based on the total weight of all stabilizers in the heat transfer composition divided by the sum of all ingredients in the heat transfer composition.

Stabilizers for use in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include at least one of (i) alkylated naphthalene compounds, (ii) phenolic compounds, and (iii) diene compounds. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as Stabilizer 1 for convenience.

Stabilizers for use in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include a combination of (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least one phenolic compound. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 2 for convenience.

Stabilizers for use in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include a combination of (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least a diene-based compound. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 3 for convenience.

Stabilizers for use in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include a combination of (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) an isobutylene compound. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 4 for convenience.

Stabilizers for use in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound, (ii) at least one phenolic compound, and (iii) at least one diene-based compound. including combinations of The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 5 for convenience.

The stabilizing agent may also comprise phosphorus compounds and/or nitrogen compounds and/or epoxides, and if present, the epoxides are preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, alkyenyl epoxides. be.

The stabilizer may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more phenolic compounds. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 6 for convenience.

The stabilizing agent may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more diene-based compounds. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 7 for convenience.

The stabilizer may consist essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes, one or more diene-based compounds, and one or more phenolic compounds. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 8 for convenience.

Alkylated Naphthalenes Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalenes are highly effective as stabilizers in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. As used herein, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the structure:

wherein each R ₁ -R ₈ is independently selected from linear alkyl groups, branched alkyl groups and hydrogen. The specific length of the alkyl chain, as well as mixtures or branched and straight chain and hydrogen, may vary within the scope of this invention and such variations may affect the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalenes, particularly the alkylated compounds. will be recognized and understood by those skilled in the art, and manufacturers of such materials may refer to one or more of such properties in lieu of specifying a particular R group. Substances are often defined by

Applicants have found unexpected, surprising and advantageous results to be associated with the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties: The alkylated naphthalene compounds are referred to herein for convenience as Alkylated Naphthalene 1 through Alkylated Naphthalene 4, as shown in columns 1-5 of Table AN1 below, respectively.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445, the term "about" means +/-4 cSt.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 100° C. measured according to ASTM D445, the term "about" means +/-0.4 cSt.

As used herein in reference to pour point measured according to ASTM D97, the term "about" means +/−5°C.

Applicants have also found unexpected, surprising and advantageous results associated with the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the present invention having the following properties: The alkylated naphthalene compounds having are referred to herein for convenience as alkylated naphthalene 6 through alkylated naphthalene 10, as shown in columns 6-10 of Table AN2 below, respectively.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 are the tradenames NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-015, KR-019 by King Industries. , KR-005FG, KR-015FG, and KR-029FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 are those sold by King Industries under the tradenames NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG. There are some

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 5 and alkylated naphthalene 10 include the product sold by King Industries under the trade name NA-LUBE KR-008.

The alkylated naphthalene is preferably present in heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including refrigerants of the present invention, including each of Refrigerants 1-39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 0.01% to about 10%, or about Present in an amount of 1.5% to about 4.5%, or about 2.5% to about 3.5%, these amounts being weight percents based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system.

Alkylated naphthalenes are preferably present in heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising lubricants and refrigerants of the present invention comprising each of Refrigerants 1-39, wherein the alkylated naphthalenes are present from 0.1% to Present in an amount of about 20%, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, these amounts being weight percents based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system.

The alkylated naphthalene is preferably present in heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising POE lubricants and refrigerants of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present at 0.1% Present in an amount of from about 20%, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, these amounts being weight percents based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system.

The alkylated naphthalene preferably comprises a POE lubricant having a viscosity of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445C, and a refrigerant of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39. Present in the heat transfer composition, the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from 0.1% to about 20%, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, wherein these amounts are Weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system.

Diene-Based Compounds Diene-based compounds include C3-C15 dienes and compounds formed by the reaction of any two or more C3-C4 dienes. Preferably, the diene-based compound is selected from the group consisting of allyl ethers, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpenes. The diene compounds are preferably terpenes, including terebene, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenken, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, Non-limiting examples include nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. Preferably, the stabilizing agent is farnesene. Preferred terpene stabilizers are U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/60, filed Dec. 12, 2004 and published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0167044A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. 638,003.

Further, the diene-based compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phenolic compounds Phenolic compounds are 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol including (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2′-methylenebis(4-ethyl- 6-tertbutylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2 ,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2′-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl- 6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2'6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol, and one or more compounds selected from t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT.

Phenolic compounds in amounts greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably from 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably from 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% % in the heat transfer composition. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phosphorus-Based Compounds Phosphorus compounds can be phosphite compounds or phosphate compounds. For the purposes of the present invention, phosphorous compounds are diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl and/or trialkyl phosphites and/or mixed aryl/alkyl di- or trisubstituted phosphites, especially hindered phosphites, tris -(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, di-n-octylphosphite, iso-octyldiphenylphosphite, isodecyldiphenylphosphite, tri-iso-decylphosphate, triphenylphosphite and diphenylphosphite It may be one or more selected compounds, especially diphenylphosphite.

Phosphate compounds can be triaryl phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, alkyl monoacid phosphates, aryl diacid phosphates, amine phosphates, preferably triaryl phosphates and/or trialkyl phosphates, especially tri-n-butyl phosphate.

Phosphorus compounds in amounts greater than 0, preferably 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% % in the heat transfer composition. In each case, by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Nitrogen compound When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer is one or more secondary selected from diphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropylamine, and triisobutylamine. Or it may contain an amine-based compound such as a tertiary amine. Amine-based compounds are amine antioxidants such as substituted piperidine compounds, i.e. derivatives of alkyl-substituted piperidyls, piperidinyls, piperazinones, or alkoxypiperidinyls, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- Piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl) sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 -piperidyl) sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated paraphenylenediamines such as N-phenyl-N'-(1, 3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine and hydroxylamines such as tallowamine, methylbistallowamine and bistallowamine, or phenol-alpha - naphthylamine or one or more amine antioxidants selected from Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba), BLS® 1944 (Mayzo Inc), and BLS® 1770 (Mayzo Inc) For the purposes of the present invention, amine-based compounds also include alkyldiphenylamines such as bis(nonylphenylamine), dialkylamines such as (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine, or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine.Preferably, the amine-based compound is phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine ( PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and one or more of bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA).

alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds identified above, selected from dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO [(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] may be used as stabilizers.

nitrogen compounds in amounts greater than 0 and from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight; may be provided in the heat transfer composition. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Epoxides and Other Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

Isobutylene can also be used as a stabilizer according to the invention.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising an alkylated naphthalene selected from farnesene and alkylated naphthalenes 1-5. For purposes of the uses, methods and systems described herein, the stabilizer composition may comprise farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists essentially of farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists of farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT.

Preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising an alkylated naphthalene selected from isobutylene and alkylated naphthalenes 1-5. For purposes of the uses, methods and systems described herein, the stabilizer composition may include isobutylene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists essentially of isobutylene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists of isobutylene, alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT.

The heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising alkylated naphthalene 4.

The heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising alkylated naphthalene 5.

The stabilizing agent can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 5.

The stabilizing agent can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of isobutylene and alkylated naphthalenes 5 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise 1 refrigerant and 1 stabilizer.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise two refrigerants and one stabilizer.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise refrigerant 3 and stabilizing agent 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise 4 refrigerants and 1 stabilizing agent.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise refrigerant 5 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant (6) and a stabilizer (1).

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 7 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 8 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 9 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 10 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 11 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 12 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 13 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 14 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 15 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 16 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 17 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 18 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 19 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 20 and stabilizing agent 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 21 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 22 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 23 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 24 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 25 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 26 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 27 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 28 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 29 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 30 and stabilizing agent 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 31 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 32 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 33 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 34 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 35 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 36 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 37 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 38 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 39 and stabilizer 1 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention is preferably a stabilizer composition comprising Refrigerant 1 and BHT, wherein the BHT is from about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. and a stabilizer composition, present in an amount of weight percent. BHT in an amount of 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition is sometimes referred to as Stabilizer 10 for convenience.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 2 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 2 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 3 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 4 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 5 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 6 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 7 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 8 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 9 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 10 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 11 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 12 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 13 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 14 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 15 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 16 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 17 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 18 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 19 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 20 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 21 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 22 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 23 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 24 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 25 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 26 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 27 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 28 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 29 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 30 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 31 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 32 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 33 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 34 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 35 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 36 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 37 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 38 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 39 and stabilizer 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention can preferably include a lubricant, a refrigerant 1, and a stabilizer composition comprising an alkylated naphthalene 4, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is from 0.1% to about 20%. %, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, these percentages being based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The stabilizer described in this paragraph within the indicated amount range in the heat transfer composition is referred to herein as stabilizer 8.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention can preferably include a lubricant, a refrigerant 1, and a stabilizer composition comprising an alkylated naphthalene 5, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is from 0.1% to about 20%. %, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 8% to about 12%, these percentages being based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The stabilizer described in this paragraph within the indicated amount range in the heat transfer composition is referred to herein as stabilizer 9.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention can preferably include a lubricant, a refrigerant 1 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is about 0.0001 wt. % to about 5% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 10% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight. Amounts are provided and these percentages are based on the weight of the stabilizer and the weight of the lubricant. The stabilizer described in this paragraph within the amounts indicated in the heat transfer composition is referred to herein as stabilizer 10.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 2 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 3 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 4 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 5 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 6 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 7 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 8 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 9 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 10 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 11 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 12 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 13 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 14 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 15 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 16 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 17 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 18 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 19 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 20 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 21 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 22 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 23 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 24 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 25 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 26 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 27 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 28 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 29 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 30 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 31 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 32 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 33 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 34 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 35 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 36 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 37 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 38 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 39 and stabilizer 10 .

The heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the refrigerants of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT. , the farnesene is provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 10% by weight, and the BHT is 0.001% It is provided in an amount from weight percent to about 2.5 weight percent, these percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizer and the weight of the refrigerant.

The heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the refrigerants of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT. , the farnesene is provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of 1.5% to about 4.5% by weight, and the BHT is 0 001% to about 2.5% by weight, these percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizer and the weight of the refrigerant.

The heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the refrigerants of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT. , farnesene is provided in an amount of 0.001 wt. 001% to about 2.5% by weight, these percentages being based on the weight of the stabilizer and the weight of the refrigerant.

The heat transfer composition of the invention can more preferably comprise any of the refrigerants of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 5 and BHT. , the farnesene is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the alkylated naphthalene 5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. 001% to about 2.5% by weight, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention most preferably comprises any refrigerant of the present invention and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein farnesene is and the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Each of the heat transfer compositions of the invention described herein, such as heat transfer compositions comprising each of Refrigerants 1-39, may further comprise a lubricant. In general, the heat transfer composition preferably contains about 0.1% to about 5%, or 0.1% to about 1%, or 0.1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. Lubricant in an amount of to about 0.5% by weight.

Polyol ester (POE), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), silicone oil, mineral oil, alkylbenzene (AB), polyvinyl ether (PVE), and poly(α-olefin) (PAO) used in refrigeration machinery Commonly used refrigerant lubricants can be used with the refrigerant composition of the present invention.

Preferably, the lubricant is selected from polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE), more preferably polyol esters (POE), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes ( AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE), especially polyol esters (POE), mineral oils and alkylbenzenes (AB), polyethers, most preferably polyol esters (POE).

Commercially available polyvinyl ethers include lubricants sold by Idemitsu under the tradenames FVC32D and FVC68D.

Commercially available mineral oils include Witco LP 250® from Witco, Suniso 3GS from Witco, and Calumet R015 from Calumet. Commercially available alkylbenzene lubricants include Shrieve Chemical's Zerol 150® and Zerol 300®. Commercially available POEs include neopentyl glycol dipelargonate available as Emery 2917® and Hatcol 2370®, and those sold under the tradenames Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H by CPI Fluid Engineering. and pentaerythritol derivatives. Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H are preferred POE lubricants with the properties specified below.

A lubricant consisting essentially of POE having a viscosity of about 30 to about 70 at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445 is referred to herein as Lubricant 1.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises two refrigerants and one lubricant.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant (3) and a lubricant (1).

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant (4) and a lubricant (1).

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant (5) and a lubricant (1).

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant (6) and a lubricant (1).

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 7 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 8 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant (9) and a lubricant (1).

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 10 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 11 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 12 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 13 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 14 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 15 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 16 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 17 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 18 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 19 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 20 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 21 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 22 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 23 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 24 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 25 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 26 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 27 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 28 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 29 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 30 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 31 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 32 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 33 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 34 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 35 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 36 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 37 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 38 and lubricant 1 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 39 and lubricant 1 .

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention consist essentially of refrigerants 1-39, stabilizer compositions of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1-10, and a lubricant as described herein. , or consist of these.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 1 and from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 0.1% to about 1%, or from about 0.1% to about 0.5% lubricant. , the percentages are based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 1 and from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 0.1% to about 1%, or from about 0.1% to about 0%, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. .5% polyol ester (POE) lubricant having a viscosity of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445. Polyol ester (POE) lubricants having viscosities of from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445 are conveniently referred to as Lubricants 2.

The amount of Lubricant 1 in heat transfer compositions of the present invention, such as heat transfer compositions comprising each of Refrigerants 1-39, is preferably from about 0.1% to about Present in an amount of 5%.

The amount of Lubricant 1 in heat transfer compositions of the present invention, such as heat transfer compositions comprising each of Refrigerants 1-39, is preferably from about 0.1% to about Present in an amount of 1%.

The amount of Lubricant 1 in heat transfer compositions of the present invention, such as heat transfer compositions comprising each of Refrigerants 1-39, is preferably from about 0.1% to about It is present in an amount of 0.5%.

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 2 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 3 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 4 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 5 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 6 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 7 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 8 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 9 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 10 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 11 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 12 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 13 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 14 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 15 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 16 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 17 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 18 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 19 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant 20 and a lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 21 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 22 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 23 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 24 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 25 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 26 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 27 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 28 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 29 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 30 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 31 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 32 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 33 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 34 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition comprises refrigerant 35 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 36 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 37 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 38 and lubricant 2 .

A preferred heat transfer composition includes refrigerant 39 and lubricant 2 .

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include one refrigerant, one stabilizer, and one lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise two refrigerants, one stabilizer, and one lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise three refrigerants, one stabilizer, and one lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include 4 refrigerants, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise 5 refrigerants, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably comprise 6 refrigerants, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 7, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 8, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include 9 refrigerants, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 10, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include 11 refrigerant, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 12, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 13, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 14, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include 15 refrigerant, 1 stabilizer, and 1 lubricant.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 16, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 17, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 18, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 19, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 20, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 21, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 22, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 23, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 24, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 25, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 26, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 27, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 28, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 29, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 30, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 31, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 32, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 33, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 34, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 35, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 36, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 37, stabilizer 1, and lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include a refrigerant 38, a stabilizer 1, and a lubricant 1.

The heat transfer composition of the present invention may preferably include refrigerant 39, stabilizing agent 1, and lubricant 1.

Other additives not mentioned herein may also be included in light of the teachings contained herein without departing from the novel and fundamental characteristics of the invention.

Also, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,516,837, which is incorporated by reference, a combination of surfactants and solubilizers may be added to the compositions of the present invention to aid oil solubility. may

Applicants have found that the compositions of the present invention are capable of achieving a combination of properties that are difficult to achieve, including inter alia low GWP. Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of about 1500 or less, preferably about 1000 or less, more preferably about 750 or less. In a particularly preferred aspect of the invention, the compositions of the invention have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of about 750 or less.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention have a low ozone depletion potential (ODP). Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention have an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of about 0.05 or less, preferably about 0.02 or less, and more preferably about zero.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention exhibit acceptable toxicity, preferably having an occupational exposure limit (OEL) of greater than about 400.

Methods, Uses, and Systems The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications, highly preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications. (rooftop applications, VRF applications, coolers, etc.).

The present invention also includes methods of providing heat transfer, including methods of air conditioning, highly preferred methods of air conditioning include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, VRF methods of providing air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using coolers, etc.).

The present invention also includes heat transfer systems including air conditioning systems, highly preferred air conditioning systems include residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems such as rooftop air conditioning systems, VRF air conditioning systems, and air conditioning cooler systems. be done.

The present invention also relates to the use of heat transfer compositions, methods of using the heat transfer compositions, and heat transfer compositions in the context of refrigeration, heat pumps, and chillers, including portable water chillers and centralized water chillers. We also provide a system that includes

Any reference to any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention refers to each of the heat transfer compositions described herein. Accordingly, with respect to the following description of the uses, methods, systems, or applications of the compositions of the present invention, the heat transfer compositions are: (i) each of refrigerants 1-39; (iii) any combination of each of refrigerants 1-39 with any lubricant, including lubricants 1-3; and (iv) with each of refrigerants 1-39. , any combination of each of stabilizers 1-10 and any lubricant, including lubricants 1-3, any refrigerant described herein, or consisting essentially of obtain. With respect to the heat transfer system of the present invention comprising a compressor, and the compressor lubricant within the system, the system should have a lubricant loading within the system of from about 5 wt% to 60 wt%, or from about 10 wt% to about 60% by weight, or about 20% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%, or about 20% to about 30%, or about 30% to about 50%, or about Refrigerant and lubricant loadings may be included such as from 30% to about 40% by weight. As used herein, the term "lubricant charge" refers to the total weight of lubricant contained within the system as a percentage of the total lubricant and refrigerant contained within the system. Such systems may also include a lubricant loading of about 5% to about 10%, or about 8% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with one another; a refrigerant of the present invention comprising any one of refrigerants 1-39; and a sequestering material in the system, the sequestering material preferably comprising
i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture scavenging material, preferably a moisture scavenging molecular sieve, or vi. combinations of two or more of the above.

For convenience, when the heat transfer system or method includes at least one of the sequestering materials (i)-(v) described herein, such materials are herein conveniently referred to as , is called sealing material 1 .

For convenience, when the heat transfer system or method comprises a sealing material comprising at least two materials, each material being selected from different categories (i)-(v) described herein, this Such materials are referred to herein as sealing materials 2 for convenience.

For convenience, when the heat transfer system or method includes a containment material comprising material from each of sections (ii)-(v) described herein, such material is herein referred to as is conveniently referred to as sealing material 3 in .

For convenience, the heat transfer system or method comprises a sealing material comprising material from each of sections (ii)-(v) as described herein, wherein the material of section (iii) comprises silver. In such cases, such materials are referred to herein as sealing materials 4 for convenience.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion device in fluid communication with one another; a refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39; a lubricant; obtain.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other; a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39; a lubricant; obtain.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other; a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39; a lubricant; obtain.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other, a refrigerant of the present invention, including each of refrigerants 1-39, a lubricant, and a sealing material 4. obtain.

The heat transfer system of the present invention comprises a system comprising an oil separator downstream of the compressor, the system preferably comprising one or more of the sealing materials of the present invention comprising each of sealing materials 1-4, wherein said sealing materials is located inside the oil separator, or possibly outside the oil separator but downstream so that the liquid lubricant is in contact with the sealing material.

The present invention also includes one or more sealing materials, including sealing materials 1-4, located in the refrigerant liquid exiting the condenser.

The present invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles. A method of transferring heat, the method comprising:
(a) providing a refrigerant according to the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to the sealing material 1;

The present invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles. A method of transferring heat, the method comprising:
(a) providing a refrigerant according to the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to the sealing material 2;

The present invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles. A method of transferring heat, the method comprising:
(a) providing a refrigerant according to the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to the sealing material 3;

The present invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeating cycles. A method of transferring heat, the method comprising:
(a) providing a refrigerant according to the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to the sealing material 4;

The invention also includes a heat transfer method according to any of the preceding four paragraphs, wherein the exposure temperature is preferably greater than about 10°C.

In another aspect of the invention, the sealing material 1 is configured such that each of the at least two materials are contained together within the filter element. As used herein, the term "filter element" refers to any device, system, in which each of the sequestering materials are located in close physical proximity, preferably essentially co-located within the system. It refers to goods or containers.

In another aspect of the invention, the confining material 1 is used in the heat transfer system of the invention and the heat transfer method of the invention is such that each of the at least two materials are contained together within a solid core. Configured. As used herein, the term "solid core" contains therein two or more of the sequestering materials such that such materials are accessible to fluid passing through the solid core. Refers to a relatively porous solid that has been formed and/or incorporated. In preferred embodiments, the one or more sequestering materials are distributed substantially uniformly throughout the solid core.

In preferred embodiments, the solid core of the present invention is contained within or comprises a filter element.

In preferred embodiments, the sealing material 1 is configured such that each of the at least two materials is contained within a solid core.

In preferred embodiments, the sealing material 2 is configured such that each of the at least two materials is contained together within the filter element.

In a preferred embodiment, the sealing material 2 is constructed such that all of the material is contained within the solid core.

In preferred embodiments, the sealing material 3 is configured such that each of the at least two materials is contained together within the filter element.

In a preferred embodiment, the sealing material 3 is constructed such that all of the material is contained within the solid core.

In preferred embodiments, the sealing material 4 is configured such that each of the at least two materials is contained together within the filter element.

In a preferred embodiment, the sealing material 4 is constructed such that all of the material is contained within the solid core.

Sealing material:
With respect to the sealing material, the system of the invention is preferably in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant according to the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and/or at least a portion of the lubricant comprising each of lubricants 1-4. , wherein the temperature of the sealing material and/or the temperature of the refrigerant and/or the temperature of the lubricant at the time of contact is preferably at a temperature of at least about 10°C. be. Any and all of the refrigerants and any and all of the sequestration materials described herein can be used in the systems of the present invention.

a. Copper/Copper Alloy Sealing Material The sealing material can be copper or a copper alloy, preferably copper. Copper alloys may include, in addition to copper, one or more additional metals such as tin, aluminum, silicon, nickel, or combinations thereof. Alternatively, or in addition, copper alloys may include one or more non-metallic elements such as carbon, nitrogen, silicon, oxygen, or combinations thereof.

It will be appreciated that copper alloys can contain varying amounts of copper. For example, the copper alloy contains at least about 5 wt%, at least about 15 wt%, at least about 30 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 70 wt%, or at least about 90% by weight. Also, the copper alloy may contain about 5% to about 95%, about 10% to about 90%, about 15% to about 85%, about 20% by weight of copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy. % to about 80%, about 30% to about 70%, or about 40% to about 60% by weight.

Alternatively, copper can be used as the encapsulant material. Copper metal may contain impurity levels of other elements or compounds. For example, the copper metal may contain at least about 99 wt%, more preferably at least about 99.5 wt%, more preferably at least about 99.9 wt% elemental copper.

The copper or copper alloy can be in any form that allows the coolant to contact the surface of the copper or copper alloy. Preferably, the morphology of the copper or copper alloy is selected to maximize the surface area of the copper or copper alloy (ie, to maximize the area in contact with the coolant).

For example, the metal can be in the form of mesh, wool, spheres, cones, cylinders, and the like. The term "sphere" refers to a three-dimensional shape in which the difference between the largest diameter and the smallest diameter is no more than about 10% of the largest diameter.

The copper or copper alloy can have a BET surface area of at least about 10 m ² /g, at least about 20 m ² /g, at least about 30 m ² /g, at least about 40 m ² /g, or at least about 50 m ² /g. BET surface area can be measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

When the sealing material comprises copper or a copper alloy, the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of from about 0.01 to about 1.5 m ² /kg of refrigerant, preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.5 m ^{2 /} kg of refrigerant. could be.

For example, copper or copper alloys may have a surface area of about 0.08 m2/kg of refrigerant.

b. Zeolitic Molecular Sieve Sequestering Material The sequestering material may comprise a zeolitic molecular sieve. The zeolite molecular sieve comprises copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, preferably at least silver.

In a preferred embodiment, the zeolite molecular sieve contains metals, preferably specific contains silver.

The metals (i.e., copper, silver, and/or lead) can exist in a single oxidation state or in various oxidation states (e.g., copper zeolites contain both Cu(I) and Cu(II)). obtain).

Zeolite molecular sieves may contain metals other than silver, lead, and/or copper.

Zeolites can have openings with sizes across their largest dimension of about 5-40 Å. For example, zeolites can have openings with sizes across their largest dimension of about 35 Å or less. Preferably, the zeolites will have openings with a size across their largest dimension of about 15 to about 35A. Zeolites such as IONSIV D7310-C have active sites that Applicants have found to effectively remove certain degradation products in accordance with the present invention.

When the sequestering material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve containing copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, the molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) is treated within the heat transfer system, the refrigerant, and the total amount of lubricant (if present), in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%, such as about 2 wt% to about 25 wt%.

In preferred embodiments, the sequestering material comprises a silver-containing zeolite molecular sieve, and in such embodiments, the molecular sieve is based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system being treated. and is present in an amount of at least 5% parts by weight (pbw) per hundred parts by weight (pphl) of the lubricant, preferably from about 5 pbw to about 30 pbw, or from about 5 pbw to about 20 pbw. It has been found that the preferred embodiments described in this paragraph have excellent ability to remove fluoride from the heat transfer compositions described herein. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments described in this paragraph, the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%, or preferably about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the zeolite. to about 20% by weight.

In preferred embodiments, the sequestering material comprises a silver-containing zeolite molecular sieve, and in such embodiments, the molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) is a molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and a lubricant in the heat transfer system being treated. It may be present in an amount of at least 10 pphl, preferably from about 10 pphl to 30 pphl, or from about 10 pphl to about 20 pphl weight, based on the total amount of agent. It has been found that the preferred embodiments described in this paragraph have excellent ability to remove iodide from the heat transfer compositions described herein. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments described in this paragraph, the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%, or preferably about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the zeolite. to about 20% by weight.

In preferred embodiments, the sequestering material comprises a silver-containing zeolite molecular sieve, and in such embodiments, the molecular sieve is at least pphl, Preferably, it can be present in an amount of about 15 pphl to 30 pphl, or about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl by weight. It has been found that the preferred embodiments described in this paragraph have an excellent ability to reduce the TAN levels of the heat transfer compositions described herein. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments described in this paragraph, the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%, or preferably about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the zeolite. to about 20% by weight.

Preferably, the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphl or at least about 18 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system. Thus, the molecular sieve may be present in an amount of from about 15 pphl to about 30 pphl, or from about 18 pphl to about 25 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant present in the system.

It will be appreciated that the zeolite can be present in an amount of about 5 pphl or about 21 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

The amount of zeolite molecular sieve described herein refers to the dry weight of the molecular sieve. As used herein, the term "dry weight" of a sequestered material means that the material has a moisture content of 50 ppm or less.

Anion Exchange Resin The sequestering material may comprise an anion exchange resin.

Preferably, the anion exchange resin is a strongly basic anion exchange resin. Strongly basic anion exchange resins can be type 1 or type 2 resins. Preferably, the anion exchange resin is a type 1 strongly basic anion exchange resin.

Anion exchange resins generally comprise a positively charged matrix and exchangeable anions. Exchangeable anions can be chloride anions (Cl ⁻ ) and/or hydroxy anions (OH ⁻ ).

Anion exchange resins may be provided in any form. For example, the anion exchange resin can be provided as beads. The beads, when dry, can have a size across their largest dimension of about 0.3 mm to about 1.2 mm.

When the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin, the anion exchange resin is from about 1 pphl to about 60 pphl, such as from about 2 pphl to about 20 pphl, or about 5 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. It may be present in an amount from about 60 pphl, or from about 20 pphl to about 50 pphl, or from about 20 pphl to about 30 pphl, or from about 1 pphl to about 25 pphl.

Preferably, the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphl, or at least about 15 pphl relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. Thus, the anion exchange resin can be present in an amount of from about 10 pphl to about 25 pphl, or from about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl, relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.

It will be appreciated that the anion exchange resin can be present in an amount of about 4 pphl or about 16 pphl based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system.

Applicants have discovered the unexpectedly advantageous ability of industrial grade weakly basic anion exchange adsorbent resins, including in particular the material sold under the tradename Amberlyst A21 (free base), to act as a sequestering material. I found As used herein, weak base anion resin refers to a resin in free base form, which resin is preferably e-functionalized with a tertiary amine (uncharged). Tertiary amines contain one free lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen, which is readily protonated in the presence of acids. In a preferred embodiment, the ion exchange resin used in accordance with the present invention is protonated by an acid and then , attracts and binds the anionic counterion.

Amberlyst A21 has been found advantageous by applicants as it provides a macroporous structure that makes it very physically stable and resistant to breakage, and applicants have It is a preferred material because it has been found to be able to withstand the high flow rates of refrigeration systems over time, preferably over the life of the system.

The amounts of anion exchange resin described herein refer to the dry weight of the anion exchange resin. As used herein, the term "dry weight" of a sequestered material means that the material has a moisture content of 50 ppm or less.

As used herein, pphl of a particular sealant material means the weight percentage of the particular sealant material based on the total weight of that particular sealant material and lubricant in the system.

c. Moisture Removal Material A preferred sequestering material is a moisture removal material. In preferred embodiments, the moisture scavenging material comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a moisture scavenging molecular sieve. Preferred moisture scavenging molecular sieves include those commonly known as sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieves, such materials are preferably crystalline metal aluminosilicates having a three-dimensional interconnected network of silica and alumina tetrahedra. . Applicants note that such materials are effective in the systems of the present invention for removing moisture and are most preferably classified according to pore size as Types 3A, 4A, 5A, and 13X. Found it.

The moisture scavenging material, and particularly the moisture scavenging molecular sieve, even more preferably sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve, preferably weighs from about 15 pphl to about 60 pphl, still more preferably from about 30 pphl to 45 pphl.

d. Activated Alumina Examples of activated aluminas that have been found by Applicants to be effective in accordance with the present invention and which are commercially available include those sold under the trade name F200 by BASF and CLR-204 by Honeywell/UOP. and sodium activated alumina, which has been described. Applicants have found that activated alumina in general, and sodium activated alumina in particular as noted above, are used to sequester the types of acidic, hazardous materials produced in connection with the refrigerant compositions and heat transfer methods and apparatus of the present invention. , has been found to be particularly effective.

When the sequestering material comprises activated alumina, the activated alumina can be present in weights from about 1 pphl to about 60 pphl, or from about 5 pphl to about 60 pphl.

e. Combinations of Sequestration Materials The compositions of the present invention may comprise combinations of sequestration materials.

For example, the sequestering material can include at least (i) copper or copper alloys and (ii) molecular sieves (eg, zeolites) comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof.

In preferred embodiments that produce unexpected results when the exposure is carried out at temperatures both above and below 30° C., the sequestering material is (i) a molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof ( (eg, zeolite) and (ii) an anion exchange resin.

Alternatively, the sequestering material may include (i) copper or a copper alloy and (ii) an anion exchange resin.

When the combination of sequestering materials comprises an anion exchange resin, the anion exchange resin is preferably from about 1 pphl to about It may be present in an amount of 25 pphl.

Preferably, when the combination of sequestering materials includes an anion exchange resin, the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphl or at least about 15 pphl based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system. exist. Thus, the anion exchange resin can be present in an amount of from about 10 pphl to about 25 pphl, or from about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl, relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system.

It will be appreciated that the anion exchange resin can be present in an amount of about 4 pphl or about 16 pphl relative to the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant present in the system.

The amounts of anion exchange resin described herein refer to the dry weight of the anion exchange resin. As used herein, the term "dry weight" of a sequestered material means that the material has a moisture content of 50 ppm or less.

When the combination of sequestering materials includes molecular sieves (e.g., zeolites) containing copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, the molecular sieves (e.g., zeolites) are the molecular sieves (e.g., zeolites) present in the system. and based on the total amount of lubricant, can be present in an amount of about 1 pphl to about 30 pphl, such as about 2 pphl to about 25 pphl.

Preferably, when the combination of sequestering materials includes a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite), the molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) is at least Present in an amount of about 15 pphl or at least about 18 pphl. Thus, the molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) can be present in an amount of from about 15 pphl to about 30 pphl, or from about 18 pphl to about 25 pphl, relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) and lubricant present in the system.

It will be appreciated that the molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) can be present in an amount of about 5 pphl or about 21 pphl, based on the total amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) and lubricant present in the system.

The amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) described herein refers to the dry weight of the metal zeolite.

When the combination of sealing materials includes copper or a copper alloy, the copper or copper alloy is from about 0.01 m ² to about 1.5 m 2 /kg of refrigerant, or from about 0.02 ^{m 2 to} about 0.5 m ^{2 /kg} of refrigerant. can have a surface area.

It will be appreciated that copper or copper alloys may have a surface area of about 0.08 m ² /kg of refrigerant.

When a combination of sequestering materials is present, the materials can be provided in any proportion to each other.

For example, if the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite), the weight ratio (dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) is preferably about 10:90. from about 90:10, from about 20:80 to about 80:20, from about 25:75 to about 75:25, from about 30:70 to about 70:30, or from about 60:40 to about 40:60 . Exemplary weight ratios of anion exchange resin to metal zeolite include about 25:75, about 50:50, and about 75:25.

Uses, Equipment, and Systems In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporating temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. is.

In preferred embodiments, residential air conditioning systems and methods used in heating mode have a refrigerant evaporating temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C and a condensing temperature in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C. is within.

In a preferred embodiment, the commercial air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporating temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot water system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium temperature system and method has a refrigerant evaporating temperature within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the cryogenic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the rooftop air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporating temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In a preferred embodiment, the VRF system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

The present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 1 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 2 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 3 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 4 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 5 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 6 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 7 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 8 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 9 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 10 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 11 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 12 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 13 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 14 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 15 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 16 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 17 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 18 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 19 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 20 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 21 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 22 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 23 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 24 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 25 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 26 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 27 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 28 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 29 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 30 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 31 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 32 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 33 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 34 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 35 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 36 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 37 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 38 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 39 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 1 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 2 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 3 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 4 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 5 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 6 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 7 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 8 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 9 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 10 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 11 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 12 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 13 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 14 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 15 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 16 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 17 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions, including refrigerant 18, in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 19 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 20 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 21 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 22 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 23 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 24 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 25 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 26 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 27 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 28 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 29 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 30 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 31 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 32 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 33 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 34 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 35 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions, including refrigerant 36, in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant 37 in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions, including refrigerant 38, in chiller systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions containing refrigerant 39 in chiller systems.

Examples of commonly used compressors, for purposes of this invention, include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Accordingly, the present invention is described herein for use in heat transfer systems including reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors. each refrigerant and/or heat transfer composition.

Examples of commonly used expansion devices, for the purposes of the present invention, include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Accordingly, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in heat transfer systems including capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. do.

For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and condenser are preferably fin-tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers, respectively. -tube) heat exchanger. Accordingly, the present invention provides that the evaporator and condenser together form a fin-tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, or a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Each refrigerant and/or heat transfer composition described herein is provided for use in a heat transfer system.

Accordingly, the system of the present invention preferably comprises a sequestering material in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant according to the invention, wherein the temperature of the sequestering material and/or the temperature of the refrigerant at said contact is and/or the temperature of the lubricant is preferably at a temperature of at least about 10° C., and the sequestering material is preferably
anion exchange resin,
activated alumina,
A combination of a zeolite molecular sieve containing silver and a moisture scavenging material, preferably a moisture scavenging molecular sieve.

As used in this application, the term "in contact with at least a portion" means, in its broadest sense, the sealing material in contact with the same or a separate portion of the refrigerant and/or lubricant within the system. and any combination of sequestering materials, including, but not necessarily limited to, each type or particular sequestering material (i) when present, physically together with each other (ii) if present, a class or specific material located physically separate from each other; and (iii) two or more materials are physically together, and at least It is intended to include embodiments in which one sequestering material is physically distinct from at least one other sequestering material, and in combination.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used in heating and cooling applications.

In a particular aspect of the invention, the heat transfer composition is used in a cooling method comprising condensing the heat transfer composition and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled. can be done.

Accordingly, the present invention is a method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein;
ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;
The method wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

Alternatively, or additionally, the heat transfer composition is used in a heating method comprising condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated and then evaporating the composition. can do.

Accordingly, the present invention is a method of heating in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) a heat transfer composition as described herein;
condensing in the vicinity of the heated body or article;
ii) evaporating the composition;
The method wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -30°C to about 5°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in air conditioning applications, including both transportation and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions described herein are
- air conditioning applications, including mobile air conditioning, especially air conditioning for trains and buses;
- mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air- or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or individually packaged in a conventional manner),
- residential air conditioning systems, in particular ducted split or ductless split air conditioning systems,
- residential heat pumps,
- residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems;
- industrial air conditioning systems,
- packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;
- Can be used in any one of commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

A heat transfer composition of the present invention is provided for use in a refrigeration system. The term "refrigeration system" refers to any system or device, or any part or portion of such system or device, that uses a refrigerant to provide refrigeration. Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions described herein are
- cryogenic refrigeration systems,
- medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- commercial freezers,
- ice machines,
-vending machine,
- transport refrigeration systems,
- household freezers,
- domestic refrigerators,
- industrial freezers,
- industrial refrigerators; and - coolers.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are suitable for use in residential air conditioning systems (ranging from about 0 to about 10° C. for cooling). , especially about 7°C, and/or having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C for heating, especially about 0.5°C. Alternatively, or in addition, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of refrigerants 1-39, is a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compression It is specifically provided for use in residential air conditioning systems with air conditioners.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, is cooled in an air-cooled cooler (ranging from about 0 to about 10°C, especially at about 4.5°C). evaporator temperature), especially for use in air-cooled chillers having positive displacement compressors, especially air-cooled chillers having reciprocating scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, is suitable for use in residential air-water heat pump hot water systems (from about -20 to about 3°C). range, particularly having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C, or having an evaporator temperature of about -30 to about 5°C, especially having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are suitable for medium temperature refrigeration systems (ranging from about -12 to about 0°C, especially about - with an evaporator temperature of 8° C.).

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are suitable for cryogenic refrigeration systems (ranging from about -40°C to about -12°C, particularly about with an evaporator temperature of -40°C to about -23°C, or preferably about -32°C).

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in residential air conditioning systems, which, for example, cool air during the summer months. (which air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., in particular about 12° C.) to the building.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are therefore provided for use in split residential air-conditioning systems, the residential air-conditioning systems (which air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., especially about 12° C.).

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of refrigerants 1-39, are therefore provided for use in split duct residential air conditioning systems, the residential air conditioning systems comprising: It is used to supply cold air, which has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, especially about 12°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are therefore provided for use in a window residential air conditioning system, the residential air conditioning system (which air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., especially about 12° C.).

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are therefore provided for use in portable residential air conditioning systems, which may (which air has a temperature of, for example, about 10° C. to about 17° C., especially about 12° C.).

The residential air conditioning systems described herein, including the residential air conditioning system of the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably comprise an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The evaporator and condenser can be round tube plate fin, fin tube, or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor can be a reciprocating, or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressor. The expansion valve can be a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of 0-10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range 40-70°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in residential heat pump systems, which generate warm air ( The air is used, for example, to supply buildings with a temperature of about 18°C to about 24°C, in particular about 21°C. This can be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but in heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed and the indoor coil becomes the condenser and the outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-split heat pump systems. Evaporators and condensers are typically round tube plate fin, fin type, or microchannel heat exchangers. Compressors are typically reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressors. The expansion valve is typically a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 35°C to about 50°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in commercial air conditioning systems, which are used in large buildings such as offices and hospitals. can be a cooler used to supply chilled water (the water having a temperature of, for example, about 7° C.) to the . Depending on the application, chiller systems may operate year-round. The chiller system can be air cooled or water cooled. Air-cooled chillers are usually plate, tube-in-tube or shell-in-tube evaporators, reciprocating or scroll compressors, round-tube plate fins to exchange heat with ambient air, for supplying chilled water. , fin-tube, or microchannel condensers, and thermal or electronic expansion valves. Water-cooled systems typically consist of shell and tube evaporators, reciprocating, scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors to supply chilled water, cooling towers or heat from lakes, oceans, and other natural sources. a shell-and-tube condenser for exchanging water with a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about 0 to about 10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in residential air-water heat pump hot water systems. The system is used to supply buildings with hot water (such water having a temperature of, for example, about 50° C. or about 55° C.) for floor heating or similar applications in winter. Hot water systems typically consist of round tube plate fins, finned tube or microchannel evaporators to exchange heat with ambient air, reciprocating, scroll or rotary compressors, plates to heat the water, It has a tube-in-tube or shell-and-tube condenser and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20 to about 3°C or -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in intermediate temperature refrigeration systems, wherein the refrigerant is preferably from about -12 to about 0°C. and in such systems the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70°C, or in the range of about 20 to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a medium temperature refrigeration system used for cooling food or beverages such as refrigerators or bottle coolers, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporating temperature within the range of about -12 to about 0°C. However, in such systems, the refrigerant preferably has a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

The intermediate temperature system of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably comprises an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating, scroll, or have a screw or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with ambient air, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions comprising any one of Refrigerants 1-39, are provided for use in cryogenic refrigeration systems, wherein the refrigerant is preferably from about -40 to about -12 °C, and the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70 °C, or about 20 to about 70 °C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a cryogenic refrigeration system used to provide refrigeration in a freezer, the refrigerant preferably having an evaporating temperature within the range of about -40 to about -12°C, the refrigerant comprising: It preferably has a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a cryogenic refrigeration system for use in providing refrigeration in a cream maker, the refrigerant preferably having an evaporating temperature within the range of about -40 to about -12°C, The refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

The cryogenic system of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably comprises an air-refrigerant evaporator, a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor for cooling food or beverages, a It has an air-to-refrigerant condenser for exchanging air and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.

Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a chiller of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 1 and 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a chiller of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 2 and 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a chiller of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 3 and 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 4 and 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 5 and 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising refrigerant 1 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight and the alkylated Naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition and BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition A stabilizer composition provided in an amount of %.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 2 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 3 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 4 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 5 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight.

For purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention is provided for use in chillers having an evaporating temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C and a condensing temperature in the range of about 40 to about 70°C. be. Coolers are provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, preferably for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, especially an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler (either modular or conventionally individually packaged).

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 2 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 3 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 4 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 5 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 1 and 10-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant. , industrial air conditioning, or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 2 and 10-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant. , industrial air conditioning, or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 3 and 10-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant. , industrial air conditioning, or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 4 and 10-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant. , industrial air conditioning, or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a stationary air conditioning, particularly residential air conditioning, heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 5 and 10-60% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition of a polyol ester (POE) lubricant. , industrial air conditioning, or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 1 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial, or commercial air conditioning. I will provide a.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 2 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial, or commercial air conditioning. I will provide a.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 3 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial, or commercial air conditioning. I will provide a.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 4 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial, or commercial air conditioning. I will provide a.

Accordingly, the present invention is a stabilizer composition comprising a refrigerant 5 and farnesene and an alkylated naphthalene 4 and BHT, wherein the farnesene is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. %, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about and a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of 0.001% to about 5% by weight in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial, or commercial air conditioning. I will provide a.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 1, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 2, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 3, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 4, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 5, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 6, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 7, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 8, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 9, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 10, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 11, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 12, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 13, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 14, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 15, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 16, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 17, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 18, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 19, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 20, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 21, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 22, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 23, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 24, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 25, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 26, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 27, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 28, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 29, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 30, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 31, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 32, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 33, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 34, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 35, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 36, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 37, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 38, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 39, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 1, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 2, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 3, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 4, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 5, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 6, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 7, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 8, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 9, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 10, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 11, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 12, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 13, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 14, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 15, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 16, stabilizer 10 and lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 17, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 18, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 19, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 20, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 21, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 22, stabilizer 10 and lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 23, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 24, stabilizer 10 and lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 25, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 26, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 27, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 28, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 29, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 30, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 31, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 32, stabilizer 10 and lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 33, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 34, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 35, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 36, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 37, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising refrigerant 38, stabilizer 10 and lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 39, a stabilizer 10 and a lubricant 1 in stationary air conditioning systems, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning systems. and the system includes a sealing material 3 .

Accordingly, the present invention provides a refrigerant of the invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39 and stabilizers 1-10 in a commercial refrigeration system, particularly a commercial refrigerator system, commercial freezer system, ice maker system, or vending machine system. and a lubricant comprising lubricants 1-4, wherein the system comprises a sealant of the invention comprising each of the sealants 1-4. Including materials.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use of a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant 39, a stabilizer 10, and a lubricant 1 in a commercial refrigeration system, particularly a commercial refrigerator system, commercial freezer system, ice maker system, or vending machine system. and the system includes a sealing material 3.

For purposes of the above uses, the stabilizer composition may comprise farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists essentially of farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT. Preferably, the stabilizer composition consists of farnesene, alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT.

The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided as a low global warming (GWP) replacement for refrigerant R-410A. The heat transfer compositions and refrigerants of the present invention (including each of Refrigerants 1-39 and all heat transfer compositions containing Refrigerants 1-39) can therefore be used as additional refrigerant/heat transfer compositions, or It can be used as an alternative refrigerant/heat transfer composition.

Accordingly, the present invention is designed for R-410A refrigerant without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems, particularly without changes to condensers, evaporators, and/or expansion valves. and methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer systems containing it.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in residential air conditioning refrigerants, especially condensers, without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems. Also included are methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention without modification of the evaporator and/or expansion valve.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in chiller systems.

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system containing R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with the heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention. including.

The replacement step preferably involves at least a substantial portion of the existing refrigerant (which may be, but is not limited to R-410A) without any substantial modification of the system to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention. , preferably substantially all thereof, and introducing a heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention comprising each of refrigerants 1-39.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition or refrigerant can be used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to contain or containing the R410A refrigerant, the system Modified for the refrigerant of the invention.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition or refrigerant can be used as a replacement in heat transfer systems designed to contain or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant.

The heat transfer composition is used as a low global warming replacement for R-410A, or is used in methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer systems, or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant It will be appreciated that when used in a heat transfer system, the heat transfer composition may consist essentially of the refrigerant of the present invention. Alternatively, the invention encompasses the use of the refrigerant of the invention as a low global warming replacement for R-410A, or is used in a method to retrofit an existing heat transfer system, or Used in heat transfer systems suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant as described herein.

When the heat transfer composition is provided for use in a method that retrofits an existing heat transfer system as described above, the method preferably removes at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant from the system. It will be understood by those skilled in the art to include performing. Preferably, the method removes at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 75% by weight of R-410A from the system and applies it to the heat transfer composition of the present invention. Including replacing things.

The compositions of the present invention may be used as replacements in systems that are used with or are suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, such as existing or new heat transfer systems.

The compositions of the present invention exhibit many of the desirable properties of R-410A, but have a GWP that is substantially lower than that of R-410A, while at the same time being substantially similar to or substantially similar to R-410A. and more preferably have operating characteristics, ie, capacity and/or efficiency (COP), that are equally high or higher. This allows the claimed compositions to replace R-410A in existing heat transfer systems without requiring any major system changes, for example, condensers, evaporators, and/or expansion valves. . Therefore, the composition can be used as a direct replacement for R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics, as compared to R-410A, in which the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 95-105% of that of R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit performance characteristics, compared to R-410A, that are 95-105% of the capacity of R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Thus, the compositions of the present invention preferably have a composition efficiency (COP) in a heat transfer system that is 95-105% of that of R-410A and a capacity of It exhibits operating characteristics that are 95-105% of the capabilities of R-410A in systems.

Preferably, in heat transfer systems in which the compositions of the present invention replace R-410A, the compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared to R-410A,
- the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 100-105% of that of R-410A; and/or - the capacity is 98-105% of that of R-410A.

In heat transfer systems in which the compositions of the present invention are used to replace R-410A refrigerant, in order to increase the reliability of the heat transfer system, the compositions of the present invention additionally exhibit the following properties compared to R-410: It is preferable to indicate:
- the discharge temperature is not more than 10°C higher than that of R-410A; and/or - the compressor pressure ratio is 95-105% of that of R-410A.

It will be appreciated that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. Therefore, it is desirable that the claimed compositions exhibit low gradient levels in order for the claimed compositions to be a good match for the performance characteristics of R-410A. Thus, the composition of the claimed invention can provide an evaporator slope of less than 2°C, preferably less than 1.5°C.

Existing heat transfer compositions for use with R-410A are preferably air conditioning heat transfer systems, including both mobile and stationary air conditioning systems. As used herein, the term mobile air conditioning system means mobile non-passenger vehicle air conditioning systems, such as truck, bus, and train air conditioning systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein
air-conditioning systems, including mobile air-conditioning systems, in particular truck, bus and train air-conditioning systems;
- mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air- or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or individually packaged in a conventional manner),
- residential air conditioning systems, in particular ducted split or ductless split air conditioning systems,
- residential heat pumps,
- residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems;
- industrial air conditioning systems, and - packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;
- Can be used to replace R-410A in any one of commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

The compositions of the present invention are alternatively provided to replace R410A in refrigeration systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein
- cryogenic refrigeration systems,
- medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- commercial freezers,
- ice machines,
-vending machine,
- transport refrigeration systems,
- household freezers,
- domestic refrigerators,
- industrial freezers,
It can be used to replace R10A in any one of: - industrial refrigerators; and - coolers.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerant 1-Refrigerant 39, is suitable for use in residential air conditioning systems (for cooling, in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C, and/or It is specifically provided to replace R-410A in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or 30 to about 5°C for heating, especially having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C. Alternatively, or in addition, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerants 1-39, may be of a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll type It is specifically provided to replace R-410A in residential air conditioning systems with compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerant 1 through Refrigerant 39, has an air-cooled chiller (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C). ), particularly for replacing R-410A in air-cooled chillers having positive displacement compressors, especially air-cooled chillers having reciprocating or scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerant 1 through Refrigerant 39, is suitable for residential air-water heat pump hot water systems (in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C). , especially with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5° C.) to replace R-410A.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerant 1 through Refrigerant 39, is suitable for medium temperature refrigeration systems (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C). is specifically provided to replace R-410A in

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Refrigerant 1 through Refrigerant 39, is suitable for cryogenic refrigeration systems (ranging from about -40°C to about -12°C, particularly from about -40°C to about -23°C, or preferably having an evaporator temperature of about -32°C) to replace R-410A.

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain, contains, or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: includes replacing at least a portion of an existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition comprising any of the refrigerants of the present invention (including any of refrigerants 1-39), the refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of the three compounds, the blend comprising:
49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 11.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) and optionally especially stabilized A stabilizer composition according to any stabilizer composition described herein, including Agent 1.

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain, contains, or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: replaces at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition comprising any heat transfer composition according to the present invention, such as each heat transfer composition containing any of refrigerants 1-39. include.

The present invention further provides a heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication and containing a heat transfer composition therein, the heat transfer composition comprising refrigerants 1-39. Refrigerants according to any one of the refrigerants described herein, including each.

In particular, the heat transfer system can be a residential air conditioning system (ranging from about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 7°C for cooling, and/or from about -20 to about 3°C or from about -30 to about 5° C. range, especially with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5° C.).

In particular, the heat transfer system comprises an air-cooled cooler (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 4.5°C), especially an air-cooled cooler with a positive displacement compressor, especially a reciprocating Air-cooled chiller with a scroll or scroll compressor.

In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-water hot water system (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C or in the range of about -30 to about 5°C, especially about 0.5°C). .

Heat transfer systems are used in refrigeration systems such as low temperature refrigeration systems, medium temperature refrigeration systems, commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, ice machines, vending machines, transport refrigeration systems, domestic freezers, domestic refrigerators, industrial freezers, and chillers. can be

Example 1 - Flammability Testing The refrigerant composition identified as Refrigerant A in Table 1 below was tested as described herein.

Flammability testing was performed according to ASHRAE's current standard 34-2016 test protocol (conditions and equipment) using current method ASTM E681-09 Annex A1. Mixtures were made by evacuating the flask and using partial pressure to fill to the desired concentration. Air was quickly introduced to aid mixing, temperature equilibrated after mixing, and the mixture was allowed to dwell before ignition. Refrigerant A, evaluated in Table 1 above, was found to meet the non-flammability test.

Examples 2-30 Heat Transfer Performance Refrigerant A shown in Table 1 in Example 1 above was subjected to thermodynamic analysis to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems. Analysis was performed using experimental data collected on the properties of two binary pairs of CF3I with each of HFC-32 and HFC-125. Specifically, the vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior of CF3I in a series of binary pairs with each of HFC-32 and R125 was determined and investigated. The composition of each binary pair was varied over a range of relative percentages in the experimental evaluations and the mixing parameters for each binary pair were regressed on the experimentally obtained data. The assumptions used to perform the analysis were: same compressor volume for all refrigerants, same operating conditions for all refrigerants, same compressor adiabatic and volumetric efficiency for all refrigerants. In each example, a simulation was performed using measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Simulation results are reported for each example.

Example 2. - residential air conditioning system (cooling)
A residential air conditioning system configured to supply cold air (approximately 12° C.) to a building during the summer is tested. Residential air conditioning systems include split air conditioning systems, mini-split air conditioning systems, and window air conditioning systems, and the tests described herein are representative of results obtained from such systems. The experimental system includes an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 46°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature is about 35°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 7°C (corresponding room ambient temperature is about 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = about 5.5°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 2 below.

Table 2 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential air conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, Refrigerant A exhibits a capacity of 98% against R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems; A shows a pressure ratio of 99% compared to R-410A, which means that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to R-410A, and no modifications should be made to the compressor used with R-410A. indicates no Refrigerant A also exhibited a compressor discharge temperature rise of within 10°C compared to R-410A, indicating good compressor reliability with low risk of oil decomposition or motor burnout. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 3. Residential heat pump system (heating)
A residential heat pump system configured to supply warm air (approximately 21° C.) to a building during winter is tested. The experimental system includes a residential air conditioning system, but when the system is in heat pump mode, the refrigerant flow is reversed and the indoor coil becomes the condenser and the outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. Residential heat pump systems include split air conditioning systems, mini-split air conditioning systems, and window air conditioning systems, and the tests described herein are representative of results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 41°C (corresponding room ambient temperature is about 21.1°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 0.5°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 8.3°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = about 5.5°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 3 below.

Table 3 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential heat pump system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, refrigerant A exhibits 97% capacity against R-410A and 101% efficiency compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 99% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A also exhibited a compressor discharge temperature rise of within 10°C compared to R-410A, indicating good compressor reliability with low risk of oil decomposition or motor burnout. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 4. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller A commercial air conditioning system (chiller) configured to supply warm air (approximately 21°C) to the building during winter is tested. Such systems supply cold water (approximately 7° C.) to large buildings such as offices, hospitals, etc., and depending on the specific application, the chiller system may run year-round. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems.

The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 46°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 35°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 4.5°C (corresponding cooling exit water temperature = about 7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = about 2°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 4 below.

Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of a commercial air-cooled chiller system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, Refrigerant A exhibits a capacity of 98% against R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 99% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A also exhibited a compressor discharge temperature rise of within 10°C compared to R-410A, indicating good compressor reliability with low risk of oil decomposition or motor burnout. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 5. - Residential air-water heat pump hot water system A residential air-water heat pump hot water system configured to supply hot water (approximately 50°C) to buildings for floor heating or similar applications in winter is tested. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems.

The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 60°C (corresponding room exit water temperature = about 50°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 0.5°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = about 8.3°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 2°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 5 below.

Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of a residential air-water heat pump hot water system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, refrigerant A exhibits 100% capacity against R-410A and 103% efficiency compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 98% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A exhibits a compressor discharge temperature rise of nearly 10° C. compared to R-410A. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 6. Intermediate Temperature Refrigeration Systems Test intermediate temperature refrigeration systems configured to chill food or beverages such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. The experimental system includes an air-refrigerant evaporator to cool food or drink, a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with ambient air, and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems.

The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 45°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = about 35°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about -8°C (corresponding internal temperature = 1.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 65%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 10°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 6 below.

Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of an intermediate temperature refrigeration system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, refrigerant A exhibits 100% capacity against R-410A and 102% efficiency compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 98% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A exhibits a compressor discharge temperature rise of nearly 10° C. compared to R-410A. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 7. Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems Cryogenic refrigeration systems configured to freeze food such as in ice cream makers and freezers are tested. The experimental system includes an air-refrigerant evaporator to cool or freeze food or drink, a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser to exchange heat with ambient air, and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 55°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = about 35°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about -23°C (corresponding internal temperature = 1.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 60%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 1°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 7 below.

Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of a cryogenic refrigeration system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, refrigerant A exhibits 104% capacity against R-410A and 105% efficiency compared to R-410A. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibits a pressure ratio of 94% compared to R-410A. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 8. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop A packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning system configured to supply cooling or heating air to a building is tested. The experimental system included a packaged rooftop air conditioning/heat pump system with an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 46°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = about 35°C)
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 7°C (corresponding room ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5°C

The performance results of the tests are reported in Table 8 below.

Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of a rooftop commercial air conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, Refrigerant A exhibits a capacity of 98% against R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 99% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A also exhibited a compressor discharge temperature of less than 10° C. compared to R-410A, indicating good compressor reliability with no risk of oil decomposition or motor burnout. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 9 - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow System A commercial air conditioning system using variable refrigerant flow configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building is tested. The experimental system includes multiple (four or more) air-refrigerant evaporators (indoor coils), compressors, air-refrigerant condensers (outdoor coils), and expansion valves. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions of the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 46°C, corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 35°C
2. Condenser subcooling = about 5.5°C
3. Evaporation temperature = about 7°C (corresponding room ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = about 5.5°C
5. Thermal insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5°C

Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of a VRF commercial air conditioning system operating with Refrigerant A of the present invention compared to R-410A in the same system. In particular, Refrigerant A exhibits a capacity of 98% against R-410A and an efficiency of 102% compared to R-410A. This indicates that Refrigerant A is a drop-in or near-drop-in as a replacement for R-410A in such systems and as an additional introduction of R-410A in such systems. Furthermore, Refrigerant A exhibited a pressure ratio of 99% compared to R-410A, which indicates that the efficiency of the compressor is well comparable to that of R-410A, and no modifications were made to the compressor used with R-410A. Indicates that no addition is required. Refrigerant A also exhibited a compressor discharge temperature of less than 10° C. compared to R-410A, indicating good compressor reliability with no risk of oil decomposition or motor burnout. An evaporator slope of less than 2° C. for Refrigerant A indicates that evaporator slope does not affect system performance.

Example 10 - Stabilizer for Heat Transfer Compositions Containing Refrigerants and Lubricants Heat transfer compositions of the present invention were tested according to ASHRAE Standard 97 - Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use with Refrigerant. Systems to simulate the long-term stability of heat transfer compositions with accelerated aging. After testing, the halide concentration is believed to reflect the stability of the refrigerant under the conditions of use in the heat transfer composition, and the total acid number (TAN) of the lubricant under the conditions of use in the heat transfer composition. It is thought to reflect stability.

The following experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effect of adding stabilizers according to the present invention to refrigerant/lubricant compositions. After each degassing, sealed tubes containing 50% by weight of the indicated refrigerant and 50% by weight of the indicated lubricant are prepared. Each tube contains steel, copper, aluminum and bronze coupons. Stability is tested by placing the sealed tube in an oven maintained at about 175° C. for 14 days. In each case, the lubricants tested were ISO 32 POE (Lubricant A) with a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40°C and ISO 68 POE (Lubricant B) with a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40°C. The lubricant had a water content of less than 300 ppm. The following refrigerants shown in Table 10A are tested.

Each pair of lubricant and refrigerant without any stabilizer was tested with the following results.
Lubricant visual - opaque or black Metal visual - dull Presence of solids - yes Halide > 100 ppm
TAN>10 mg KOH/g

The following stabilizers shown in Table 10B have the weight percent in the table as the weight percent in the stabilizer package of the indicated stabilizer, which is about 1.5 based on the total weight of stabilizer and refrigerant. % to about 10%.

The results of testing with these stabilizers and Lubricant A are reported in Table 10C below.

This test showed that the lubricant in each of these tests was clear, the metal was shiny (no change), no solids were present, and the halide and TAN concentrations were within acceptable limits. , all of which indicate that the stabilizer was effective.

The same test was performed with Lubricant B, using the same refrigerant and the same stabilizer, and similar results were achieved.

Example 11 - Miscibility with POE Oil The miscibility of ISO POE-32 oil (having a viscosity of about 32 cSt at a temperature of 40°C) was tested with R-410A refrigerant and in Table 1 of Example 1 above. For refrigerant A shown, different weight ratios of lubricant to refrigerant and different temperatures are tested. The results of this test are reported in Table 11 below.

As can be seen from the table above, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil below about -22°C, and thus R-410A can be Cannot be used in low temperature refrigeration applications. In addition, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil above 50°C, which causes problems in condensers and feed lines when using R-410A at high ambient conditions (e.g., separated POE oil will be trapped and deposited). Conversely, Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the refrigerants of the present invention are completely miscible with POE oil over a temperature range of -40°C to 80°C and thus in such systems It has been found to provide substantial and unexpected benefits when used.

Example 12 - Residential Air Conditioning System with Sealing (Refrigeration) and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system, with several sealing materials independently consisting of Sealing Materials 1-4. Repeat Example 2, except that the liquid portion of the The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 13 - Residential Heat Pump System with Sealing (Heating) and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system, with several sealing materials independently consisting of Sealing Materials 1-4. Repeat Example 3, except that the liquid portion of the The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 14 - Commercial Air Conditioning System (Cooler) with Seal and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system, with several seal materials independently consisting of Seal Materials 1-4. Repeat Example 4, except that the liquid portion of the The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 15 - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System with Seal and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system, and several seal materials consisting of Seal Materials 1-4 independently are oil Example 5 is repeated except that it is included in the liquid portion of the separator. The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 16 - Intermediate Refrigeration System with Seal and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system and several seal materials, independently consisting of seal materials 1-4, are applied to the liquid portion of the oil separator. Example 6 is repeated except that it is included. The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 17 - Cryogenic Refrigeration System with Seal and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator is included in the system, and several seal materials independently consisting of Seal Materials 1-4 are applied to the liquid portion of the oil separator. Repeat Example 7, except included. The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 18 - Commercial Air Conditioning System with Sealing - Packaged Rooftop and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator was included in the system and several sealing materials, independently consisting of sealing materials 1-4, contained oil. Example 8 is repeated except that it is included in the liquid portion of the separator. The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 19 - Commercial Air Conditioning System with Sealing - Variable Refrigerant Flow System and Heat Transfer Composition with Stabilizer An oil separator was included in the system and several sealing materials, independently consisting of sealing materials 1-4, contained oil. Example 9 is repeated except that it is included in the liquid portion of the separator. The heat transfer composition comprises Lubricant 1 and Stabilizer 1 in the amounts described herein. The system operated as shown in Example 2 in each case and remained operational for at least one year with an acceptable level of stability according to the tests shown in Examples 10 and 20-30 herein. behaves to exhibit a high level of stability such as

Example 20 - Sequestering Material with Silver Zeolite The ability of silver containing zeolite to act as a sequestering material was tested. The zeolite tested was UPO IONSIV D7310-C available from Honeywell UOP. The openings have a size across their largest dimension of about 15 to about 35 Å.

A blend of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) containing primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was placed in a sealed tube. and heated at 190° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The sealed tube was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

The oil sample was then placed in a Fischer-Porter tube with the zeolite. The amount of dry zeolite relative to the sample (lubricant) was measured. The tubes were then kept at either 15°C or 50°C for 114 hours (4.75 days). The tube was shaken every 2 hours to ensure proper mixing of the zeolite and sample.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before combination with the zeolite) and at the end (i.e., with the zeolite). and at the end of 114 hours at 15°C or 50°C). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the same method described in Example 10.

The results of the tests are listed in Table 20.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of zeolites to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes.

This result demonstrates that the zeolite was able to reduce the iodide and fluoride levels of the digested sample at both 15°C and 50°C when using either about 5 pphl zeolite or about 21 pphl zeolite. are doing. However, the zeolite performed better at 50°C than at 15°C and at about 21 pphl zeolite than at about 5 pphl. Surprisingly, very little iodide was detected at about 21 pphl zeolite at 50°C.

The results also show that a concentration of about 21 pphl zeolite reduced TAN at both 15°C and 50°C.

Example 21
The ability of the anion exchange resin to act as a sequestering material was tested.

Two different anion exchange resins were tested.

First Resin The first resin was a strongly basic (type 1) anion exchange resin (Dowex® 1X8 chloride form) with chloride exchangeable ions.

The first resin was used without modification.

Second Resin The second resin was a strongly basic (Type 1) anion exchange resin (Dowex® 1X8 chloride form) with chloride exchangeable ions.

The second resin was washed gently with 5-10 bed volumes of 4% NaOH for at least 1 hour prior to use in the examples below, followed by an effluent pH of 7±0.5. The chloride form was converted to the hydroxy form by washing with deionized water until . pH was measured using litmus paper.

Methods and Results A blend of 80 wt.% POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) with primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20 wt.% CF ₃ I was sealed. Placed in a stop tube and heated at 190° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The sealed tube was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

Samples were then placed in Fischer-Porter tubes with anion exchange resin. The amount of dry resin relative to the sample was measured. The tubes were then kept at either 15°C or 50°C for 114 hours (4.75 days). The tube was shaken every 2 hours to ensure proper mixing of resin and sample.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of the _CF3I and POE oils and before combination with the resin) and at the end (i.e., with the resin). and at the end of 114 hours at 15°C or 50°C). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the same method as in Example 10.

The results are set forth in Table 21 below.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of anion exchange resins to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes.

The results show that when using either about 4 pphl zeolite or about 16 pphl resin, both resins were able to reduce iodide and fluoride levels in digested samples at both 15°C and 50°C. have proved. Both resins performed better at 50°C than at 15°C and at about 16 pphl zeolite than at about 4 pphl.

The second resin was able to reduce the TAN of the samples at both temperatures (ie, at 15° C. and 50° C.) and at both resin concentrations (ie, at about 4 pphl and about 16 pphl resin).

Example 22
Repeat Example 22, except that the following two anionic resins were used:
A—An industrial grade weak base anion exchange resin sold under the trade name Amberlyst A21 (free base) with the following properties:

B—An industrial grade weak base anion exchange resin sold under the trade name Amberlyst A22, having the following properties:

Each of these resins has been found to be effective in removing and/or reducing the above materials.

Example 23
The ability of the anion exchange resin and zeolite combination to act as a sequestering material was tested.

Anion Exchange Resin The resin was a strongly basic (Type 1) anion exchange resin with hydroxyl exchangeable ions (Dowex® Marathon™ A, hydroxide form).

Resins were used without modification.

Zeolite The zeolite tested was UPO IONSIV D7310-C available from Honeywell UOP. The openings have a size across their largest dimension of about 15 to about 35 Å.

Methods and Results A blend of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) with a primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was sealed. Placed in a stop tube and heated at 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The sealed tube was then opened and a sample of oil (ie, lubricant) was removed.

Lubricant samples were then placed in Fischer-Porter tubes with a combination of anion exchange resin and zeolite. The amount of dry resin and zeolite for the sample was measured. The tubes were then kept at about 50° C. for 192 hours (8 days). The tube was shaken every 2 hours to ensure proper mixing of resin and sample.

The total acid number (TAN) of the oil, ppm iodide, and ppm fluoride, at the start (i.e., after cracking _CF3I and POE oils and before combination with resins and zeolites) and at the end (i.e., Measured after combination with resin and zeolite and at the end of 192 hours at 50°C). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the same method as in Example 1.

The results are set forth in Table 23 below.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of the anion exchange resin and zeolite combination to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes. This result demonstrates that both resins were able to reduce iodide and fluoride levels in the digested sample at 50° C. when different ratios of anion exchange resin and zeolite were used. A zeolite to ion exchange weight of 25:75 showed the greatest reduction in TAN of the sample and also showed the highest reduction in iodide and fluoride content (ppm).

Example 24
The levels of fluoride, iodide removal, and TAN reduction were studied as a function of the amount of zeolite as a percentage of the heat transfer composition being treated.

The zeolite tested was UPO IONSIV D7310-C available from Honeywell UOP. The openings have a size across their largest dimension of about 15 to about 35 Å.

A blend of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) with a primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was placed in a sealed tube. and heated at 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The sealed tube was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

A portion of the lubricant sample produced after fracture was then filled into five Parr cells according to the previous paragraph, each of which had a different amount (weight according to) zeolites. The Parr cells were then maintained at 50° C. and the material in each cell was tested every 24 hours for 15 days. The Parr cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of the zeolite and lubricant.

The total acid number (TAN) of the oil, ppm iodide, and ppm fluoride were measured at the start (i.e., after cracking the CF ₃ I and POE oils and prior to combination with the zeolite) and every 24 hours for 15 days. (i.e. after combination with zeolite at 50°C).

The results of the test are set forth in Table 24 below:

The above tests demonstrate the ability of zeolites to effectively "restore" a composition of lubricants, certain POE oils, and CF ₃ I refrigerants after they decompose.

The results show that amounts of zeolite greater than 10 pphl are more effective in reducing iodide levels to undetectable limits, and amounts of zeolite material greater than 5 pphl reduce fluoride levels to undetectable limits. It has been shown to be more effective when The results also show that amounts of zeolite above 15 pphl are most effective in reducing TAN.

Example 25 - Preferred Ion Exchange Material The ability of industrial grade weak base anion exchange adsorbent resin Amberlyst A21 (free base) to act as a sequestering material was tested. Weak base anion resins are in free base form and are e-functionalized with tertiary amines (uncharged). Tertiary amines contain a pair of free lone electrons on the nitrogen - readily protonated in the presence of acids. The ion exchange resin is protonated by the acid and then attracts and binds the anionic counterion to completely remove the acid without contributing any additional species back into solution. .

Applicants have found Amberlyst A21 to be an excellent material for use in accordance with the present invention. This material has a macroporous structure that is very physically stable and resistant to breakage in the method and system, and withstands the high flow rates of refrigeration systems over its lifetime. be able to.

Example 26
The ability of industrial grade weak base anion exchange adsorbent resin Amberlyst A21 (free base) to act as a sequestering material was tested. Weak base anion resins are in free base form and are e-functionalized with tertiary amines (uncharged). Tertiary amines contain a pair of free lone electrons on the nitrogen - readily protonated in the presence of acids. The ion exchange resin is protonated by the acid and then attracts and binds the anionic counterion to completely remove the acid without contributing any additional species back into solution. . The matrix of Amberlyst A21 is macroporous. Its macroporous structure is physically very stable and resistant to breakage. It can also withstand the high flow rates of refrigeration systems over its lifetime. An industrial grade weak base anion exchange resin sold under the trade name Amberlyst A21 (free base) having the following properties:

A mixture of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) containing primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was placed in the cylinder. , 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The cylinder was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

Samples were then placed in a Parr cell with Amberlyst A21. The amount of dry Amberlyst A21 relative to the sample was measured. The Parr cell was then maintained at either 50°C for 20 days. The cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of Amberlyst A21 and sample.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before combination with Amberlyst A21) and at the end (i.e., Amberlyst after combination with A21). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the methods described herein.

The results of the tests are listed in Table 26.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of Amberlyst A21 to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes.

This result demonstrates that Amberlyst A21 was able to reduce iodide and fluoride levels below detectable levels in degraded samples at 50° C. when 30 wt % or greater of Amberlyst A21 was used. are doing.

Example 27
The ability of industrial grade weak base anion exchange adsorbent resin Amberlyst A22 (free base) to act as a sequestering material was tested. Weak base anion resins are in free base form and are e-functionalized with tertiary amines (uncharged). Tertiary amines contain a pair of free lone electrons on the nitrogen - readily protonated in the presence of acids. The ion exchange resin is protonated by the acid and then attracts and binds the anionic counterion to completely remove the acid without contributing any additional species back into solution. . Its macroporous structure is physically very stable and resistant to breakage. It can also withstand the high flow rates of refrigeration systems over its lifetime. An industrial grade weak base anion exchange resin sold under the trade name Amberlyst A22 having the following properties:

A mixture of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) containing primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was placed in the cylinder. , 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The cylinder was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

Samples were then placed in a Parr cell with Amberlyst A22. The amount of dry Amberlyst A22 relative to the sample was measured. The Parr cell was then maintained at either 50°C for 20 days. The cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of Amberlyst A22 and sample.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before combination with Amberlyst A22) and at the end (i.e., Amberlyst After combination with A22). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the methods described herein.

The results of the tests are listed in Table 27.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of Amberlyst A22 to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes.

The results demonstrate that Amberlyst A22 was able to reduce iodide and fluoride levels in the digested sample at 50° C. when 10 wt % and 30 wt % Amberlyst A22 were used.

Example 28
The ability of industrial grade weak base anion exchange adsorbent resin Amberlite IRA96 to act as a sequestering material was tested. Weak base anion resins are in free base form and are e-functionalized with tertiary amines (uncharged). Tertiary amines contain a pair of free lone electrons on the nitrogen - readily protonated in the presence of acids. The ion exchange resin is protonated by the acid and then attracts and binds the anionic counterion to completely remove the acid without contributing any additional species back into solution. . Its macroporous structure is physically very stable and resistant to breakage. It can also withstand the high flow rates of refrigeration systems over its lifetime. The high porosity of this resin allows efficient adsorption of large organic molecules. An industrial grade weak base anion exchange resin sold under the trade name Amberlite IRA96 with the following properties:

A mixture of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO 32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) containing primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I was placed in the cylinder. , 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The cylinder was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

Samples were then placed in a Parr cell with Amberlite IRA96. The amount of dry Amberlite IRA96 relative to the sample was measured. The Parr cell was then maintained at either 50°C for 20 days. The cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of the Amberlite IRA96 and sample.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before combination with Amberlite IRA 96) and at the end (i.e., Amberlite after combination with IRA96). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured according to the methods described herein.

The results of the tests are listed in Table 28.

The above tests demonstrate the ability of Amberlite IRA96 to effectively "restore" a composition of POE oil and _CF3I refrigerant after it decomposes.

This result demonstrates that Amberlite IRA96 was able to reduce iodide and fluoride levels to below detectable levels in degraded samples at 50°C when 30 wt% or greater Amberlite IRA96 was used. are doing.

Example 29
The ability of industrial grade activated alumina F200 to act as a sequestering material was tested.

A mixture of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) with a primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I is placed in a cylinder, Heated at 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The cylinder was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

The samples were then placed in a Parr cell with industrial grade activated alumina F200. The amount of activated alumina for the sample was measured. The Parr cell was then maintained at either 50°C for 20 days. The cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of the samples.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before exposure to F200) and at the end (i.e., F200 (after exposure to ). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured by the methods described herein.

The results of the study are listed in Table 29A.

Example 30
The combined ability of Amberlyst A21 and zeolite IONSIV D7310-C as a sequestering material was tested.

A mixture of 80% by weight POE oil (POE ISO32, Emkarate RL 32-3MAF) with a primary antioxidant stabilizer BHT in an amount of about 1000 ppm and 20% by weight CF ₃ I is placed in a cylinder, Heated at 175° C. for 2 days. These conditions caused destruction of the refrigerant and lubricant. The cylinder was then opened and a sample of oil was taken.

The sample was then placed in the Parr cell with the sequestering material. The amount of sequestering material for the sample was 20% by weight. The Parr cell was then maintained at either 50°C for 20 days. The cell was shaken daily to ensure proper mixing of the samples.

The total acid number (TAN), iodide ppm, and fluoride ppm of the sample were measured at the beginning (i.e., after decomposition of CF ₃ I and POE oils and before exposure to sequestering materials) and at the end (i.e., and after exposure to the sequestering material). Concentrations of TAN, fluoride, and iodide were measured by the methods described herein. The results of the tests are listed in Table 30.

Numbered Embodiments The invention is further illustrated by the following numbered embodiments. The subject matter of the numbered embodiments may be further combined with one or more subject matter of the specification or claims.

1. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

2. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

3. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

4. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

5. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

6. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

7. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

8. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

9. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39-39.4 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

10. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39-39.4 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

11. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39-39.4 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

12. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39-39.4% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of less than about 39.0 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

13. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

14. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

15. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

16. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.5 relative weight percent CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

17. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1 wt% to 12 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

18. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1 wt% to 12 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

19. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1 wt% to 12 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

20. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1 wt% to 12 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

21. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds.

22. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds.

23. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds.

24. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39%-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 relative weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds.

25. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5% relative weight HFC-125 and free of 39.5% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

26. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5% relative weight HFC-125 and free of 39.5% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

27. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5% relative weight HFC-125 and free of 39.5% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

28. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.1-12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.1-40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5% relative weight HFC-125 and free of 39.5% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

29. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

30. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 2 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and refrigerants that meet the non-flammability test.

31. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 1 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and refrigerants that meet the non-flammability test.

32. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and refrigerants that meet the non-flammability test.

33. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and refrigerants that meet the non-flammability test.

34. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and free of 12 relative weight percent or more of HFC-125.

35. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and free of 12 relative weight percent or more of HFC-125.

36. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and free of 12 relative weight percent or more of HFC-125.

37. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 based on the total weight of the three compounds and free of 12 relative weight percent or more of HFC-125.

38. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

39. A refrigerant consisting essentially of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
47% to 49.5% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11 wt% to 13.5 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39 wt% to 41.5 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and based on the total weight of the three compounds A refrigerant free of 11.5 weight percent HFC-125 and free of 12 relative weight percent or more of HFC-125.

40. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

41. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

42. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

43. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

44. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

45. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

46. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

47. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds and does not contain 39.5 relative wt% or more CF3I.

48. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

49. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

50. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

51. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

52. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

53. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

54. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

55. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant free of 39.0 wt% CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

56. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.5 relative weight percent or more of CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

57. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.5 relative weight percent or more of CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

58. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.5 relative weight percent or more of CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

59. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6% to 11.9% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 39.0% to 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
and a refrigerant that does not contain 39.5 relative weight percent or more of CF3I based on the total weight of the three compounds.

60. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 2 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6 wt% to 11.9 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.0 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and a refrigerant that meets the nonflammability test.

61. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 1 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6 wt% to 11.9 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.0 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and a refrigerant that meets the nonflammability test.

62. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49 wt% +/- 0.5 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6 wt% to 11.9 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.0 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and a refrigerant that meets the nonflammability test.

63. A refrigerant consisting of the following three compounds, each compound present in the following relative percentages based on the total weight of the compounds listed:
49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.6 wt% to 11.9 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.0 wt% to 40 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and a refrigerant that meets the nonflammability test.

64. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-4 and 30-33, wherein the refrigerant comprises at least about 98.5 weight percent of the three components.

65. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-4 and 30-33, wherein the refrigerant comprises at least about 99.5 weight percent of the three components.

66. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-4 and 30-33, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of three components.

67. 40. The refrigerant of any one of numbered embodiments 1-39, wherein the refrigerant consists of three components.

68. A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67.

69. 68. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67 in an amount greater than 40% by weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

70. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67 in an amount greater than 50% by weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

71. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67 in an amount greater than 70% by weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

72. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67 in an amount greater than 80% by weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

73. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67 in an amount greater than 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

74. 68. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition consists essentially of one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67.

75. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 68, wherein the composition consists of one or more of the refrigerants according to numbered embodiments 1-67.

76. The composition comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of lubricants, dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear agents. 75. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-74, further comprising:

77. 74. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-73, wherein said composition comprises a stabilizer.

78. 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77, wherein the stabilizing agent is provided in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

79. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer is at least one of (i) an alkylated naphthalene compound, (ii) a phenolic compound, and (iii) a diene-based compound. thing.

80. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer is a combination of (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least one phenolic compound.

81. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer is a combination of (i) at least one alkylated naphthalene compound and (ii) at least a diene-based compound.

82. 79. According to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer is a combination of (i) at least one diene-based compound, (ii) at least one phenolic compound, and (iii) at least a diene-based compound. heat transfer composition.

83. Any of numbered embodiments 77-82, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound and/or a nitrogen compound and/or an epoxide selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides. 1. A heat transfer composition according to claim 1.

84. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer consists essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more phenolic compounds.

85. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizing agent consists essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes and one or more diene-based compounds.

86. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer consists essentially of one or more alkylated naphthalenes, one or more diene-based compounds, and one or more phenolic compounds. .

87. An alkylated naphthalene is a compound having the structure

any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, and 86, wherein each R1-R8 is independently selected from linear alkyl groups, branched alkyl groups, and hydrogen A heat transfer composition as described in .

88. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 1 listed in Table AN1. .

89. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 2 listed in Table AN1. .

90. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 3 listed in Table AN1. .

91. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 4 listed in Table AN1. .

92. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 5 listed in Table AN1. .

93. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 6 listed in Table AN2. .

94. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 7 listed in Table AN2. .

95. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 8 listed in Table AN2. .

96. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 9 listed in Table AN2. .

97. 88. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, and 87, wherein the alkylated naphthalene has the properties of alkylated naphthalene 10 listed in Table AN2. .

98. numbered embodiments 79-81 and wherein the alkylated naphthalene is one or more of NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019, and KR-005FG; 98. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 84-97.

99. any one of numbered embodiments 79-81 and 84-97 wherein the alkylated naphthalene is one or more of NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG A heat transfer composition as described in .

100. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 79-81 and 84-97, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-008.

101. Of numbered embodiments 79-81 and 84-100, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from 0.01% to about 10%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system. A heat transfer composition according to any one of the preceding claims.

102. Numbered Embodiments 79-81 and 84 wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from about 1.5% to about 4.5%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system 101. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 101.

103. Numbered Embodiments 79-81 and 84 wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from about 2.5% to about 3.5%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system 103. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 102.

104. The composition further comprises a lubricant, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from 0.1% to about 20%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system, numbered The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 79-81 and 84-103.

105. Numbered implementations wherein the composition further comprises a lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from about 5% to about 15%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system. The heat transfer composition of any one of aspects 79-81 and 84-104.

106. Numbered implementations wherein the composition further comprises a lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount from about 8% to about 12%, the amount being a weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and lubricant in the system. The heat transfer composition of any one of aspects 79-81 and 84-105.

107. 107. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 104-106, wherein the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant.

108. 108. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 104-107, wherein the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant having a viscosity of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445C.

109. any one of numbered embodiments 79, 81, 82, 85, or 86, wherein the diene-based compound comprises C3-C15 dienes and compounds formed by reaction of any two or more C3-C4 dienes The heat transfer composition according to 1.

110. 109. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 109, wherein the diene-based compound is selected from the group consisting of allyl ethers, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpenes.

111. The terpenes are terebene, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenken, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. 110. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 110, which is selected from:

112. 112. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 111, wherein the stabilizing agent is farnesene.

113. more than 0, preferably 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of diene-based compounds 113. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 109-112, wherein the weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

114. The stabilizer is 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2- 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol including methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2′-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert butylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6- di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2′-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2′-methylenebis(4- methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert -butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis ( 2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2′-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3 -methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl)sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2'6,6'-tetra- any of numbered embodiments 79, 80, 81, 84, and 86, which is a phenolic compound selected from tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol and t-butylhydroquinone, preferably BHT 1. A heat transfer composition according to claim 1.

115. greater than 0, preferably 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% phenolic compounds 115. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 114, wherein the weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

116. Nitrogen compounds or substituted piperidine compounds, i.e., alkyl-substituted derivatives of piperidyl, piperidinyl, piperazinone or alkoxypiperidinyl, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1, 2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl) sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl) -4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated para-phenylenediamines such as N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl -p-phenylenediamine and hydroxylamines such as tallowamine, methylbistallowamine and bistallowamine, or phenol-alpha-naphthylamine, or Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba), BLS® 1944 (Mayzo Inc), and one or more amine antioxidants selected from BLS® 1770 (Mayzo Inc), or an alkyldiphenylamine such as bis(nonylphenylamine), (N-(1-methylethyl)-2 - dialkylamines such as propylamine, or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl -phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA).

117. wherein the stabilizing agent is one or more compounds selected from dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO [(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] 78. The heat transfer composition according to embodiment 77, attached.

118. Nitrogen compounds in an amount greater than 0, 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, preferably 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% 118. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 116 or 117, provided in a heat transfer composition and wherein the weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

119. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizer is an epoxide selected from aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

120. 79. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 77 or 78, wherein the stabilizing agent is isobutylene.

121. 68. A stabilizer composition comprising the refrigerant of any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and BHT, wherein the BHT comprises about 0.0001% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77, comprising a stabilizer composition present in an amount of to about 5% by weight. BHT.

122. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and BHT is 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77 comprising a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. .

123. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 5 is provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and BHT is 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77 comprising a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. .

124. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises Alkylated Naphthalene 45 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and the alkylated naphthalene 45 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. a stabilizer composition, wherein BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. A heat transfer composition as described in .

125. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises The alkylated naphthalene 5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, and the alkylated naphthalene 5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. and wherein the BHT is provided in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. A heat transfer composition as described.

126. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 4, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 4 is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and BHT is 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77 comprising a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. .

127. 68. The refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and a stabilizer composition comprising farnesene, an alkylated naphthalene 5, and BHT, wherein farnesene, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, comprises is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, the alkylated naphthalene 5 is provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition, and BHT is 78. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 77 comprising a stabilizer composition provided in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. .

128. 128. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-127, further comprising a lubricant.

129. 129. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 128, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

130. 129. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 128, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

131. 129. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 128, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 0.1-0.5% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

132. Lubricant is one or more of polyol ester (POE), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), silicone oil, mineral oil, alkylbenzene (AB), polyvinyl ether (PVE), and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO) 132. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 128-131, wherein the heat transfer composition is

133. Any of numbered embodiments 128-131, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE) A heat transfer composition according to claim 1.

134. 132. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 128-131, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE). transmission composition.

135. 132. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 128-131, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), mineral oil, and alkylbenzenes (AB).

136. 132. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 128-131, wherein the lubricant is a polyol ester (POE).

137. 137. Thermal according to numbered embodiment 136, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE having a viscosity of from about 30 to about 70 at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. transmission composition.

138. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 136-137, comprising 0.1-0.5 wt.% polyol ester (POE) lubricant, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. thing.

139. 139. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-138, wherein the composition has a global warming potential (GWP) of about 1500 or less.

140. 139. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-138, wherein the composition has a global warming potential (GWP) of about 1000 or less.

141. 139. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-138, wherein the composition has a global warming potential (GWP) of about 750 or less.

142. 142. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-141, wherein the composition has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.05 or less.

143. 142. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-141, wherein the composition has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.02 or less.

144. 142. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-141, wherein the composition has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of about zero.

145. 145. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-144, wherein the composition has an occupational exposure limit (OEL) of greater than about 400.

146. A heat transfer system comprising a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with one another and a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145.

147. A heat transfer system comprising a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with one another and a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-127 and 139-145. and comprising a lubricant in an amount of 5-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

148. 148. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 10-60% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

149. 148. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 20-50% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

150. 148. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 20-40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

151. 148. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 20-30% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

152. 148. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 30-50% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

153. 148. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 30-40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

154. 148. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 5-10% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

155. 148. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 147, wherein the lubricant is present in an amount of 8% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

156. Lubricant is one or more of polyol ester (POE), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), silicone oil, mineral oil, alkylbenzene (AB), polyvinyl ether (PVE), and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO) 156. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 147-155, wherein the heat transfer system is

157. 155. Any of numbered embodiments 147-155, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE) A heat transfer system according to claim 1.

158. 156. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 147-155, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE). transmission system.

159. 156. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 147-155, wherein the lubricant is one or more of polyol esters (POE), mineral oil, and alkylbenzenes (AB).

160. 156. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 147-155, wherein the lubricant is a polyol ester (POE).

161. 161. Thermal according to numbered embodiment 160, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE having a viscosity of from about 30 to about 70 at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D445, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. transmission system.

162. 162. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 160-161, comprising 10 to 50 weight percent polyol ester (POE) lubricant, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

163. A compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other and a heat transfer composition, the refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67, and numbered embodiments 139. A heat transfer system comprising a heat transfer composition comprising a lubricant according to any one of 128-138, and a sealing material, wherein the sealing material comprises :
i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture scavenging material, preferably a moisture scavenging molecular sieve, or vi. A combination of two or more of the above.

164. 164. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 163, wherein the sequestering material comprises two or more of:
i. copper or a copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, or iv. an anion exchange resin, or v. A moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing molecular sieve.

165. 164. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 163, wherein the sequestering material comprises:
ii. activated alumina,
iii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof;
iv. an anion exchange resin; and v. A moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing molecular sieve.

166. 164. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 163, wherein the sequestering material comprises:
ii. activated alumina,
iii. silver iv. an anion exchange resin; and v. A moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing molecular sieve.

167. 167. Any one of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the system includes an oil separator downstream of the compressor, and the sealing material is located inside the oil separator such that the liquid lubricant contacts the sealing material. The heat transfer system according to 1.

168. Embodiments numbered 163-, wherein the system includes an oil separator downstream of the compressor, and the sequestration material is positioned outside the oil separator and downstream of the oil separator such that the liquid lubricant contacts the sequestration material. 166. The heat transfer system according to any one of 166.

169. 167. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the blockage material is located in the refrigerant liquid exiting the condenser.

170. 1. A method of transferring heat in a heat transfer system comprising evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor with a compressor, and in a plurality of repeating cycles condensing the refrigerant vapor, the method comprising:
(a) providing a refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to a sequestering material according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-166.

171. 171. The method according to numbered embodiment 170, wherein said at least a portion of said refrigerant and/or at least a portion of said lubricant are exposed to a sequestering material at a temperature greater than about 10 degrees Celsius.

172. 170. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169, wherein the components of the sealing material are included together within the filter element.

173. Components of the sequestering material are contained together within a porous solid that contains and/or incorporates two or more of the sequestering materials therein, whereby such material is accessible to fluid passing through the solid. 169. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169, wherein:

174. 174. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 173, wherein the porous solid comprises a filter element.

175. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169 and 172-174, wherein the encapsulant material is copper.

176. The sealing material is a copper alloy, and the copper alloy contains one or more metallic elements selected from tin, aluminum, silicon, nickel, or combinations thereof, or from carbon, nitrogen, silicon, oxygen, or combinations thereof. 174. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169 and 172-174, further comprising one or more selected non-metallic elements.

177. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 5 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

178. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 15 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

179. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 30 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

180. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 50 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

181. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 70 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

182. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises at least about 90 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

183. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

184. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 10 weight percent to about 90 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

185. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 15 weight percent to about 85 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

186. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 20 weight percent to about 80 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

187. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 30 weight percent to about 70 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

188. 177. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 176, wherein the copper alloy comprises from about 40 weight percent to about 60 weight percent copper, based on the total weight of the copper alloy.

189. 176. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 175, wherein the copper metal comprises at least about 99 weight percent elemental copper.

190. 176. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 175, wherein the copper metal comprises at least about 99.5 weight percent elemental copper.

191. 176. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 175, wherein the copper metal comprises at least about 99.9 weight percent elemental copper.

192. 192. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 163-169, 175, and 189-191, wherein the metal is in the form of a mesh, wool, sphere, cone, or cylinder.

193. 193. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of at least about 10 m ² /g as measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

194. 193. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of at least about 20 m ² /g as measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

195. 193. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of at least about 30 m ² /g as measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

196. 193. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of at least about 40 m ² /g as measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

197. 193. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of at least about 50 m ² /g as measured according to ASTM D6556-10.

198. 193. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of from about 0.01 to about 1.5 m ² /kg of refrigerant.

199. 193. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of from about 0.02 to about 0.5 m ² /kg of refrigerant.

200. 193. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 175-192, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a BET surface area of 0.08 m ² /kg refrigerant.

201. 169. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169, wherein the sequestering material comprises a zeolite molecular sieve comprising a metal selected from copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof.

202. 201. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 201, wherein the metal is silver.

203. 203. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-202, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve contains metals in an amount of about 1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.

204. 203. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-202, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve contains metals in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite.

205. 205. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 201-204, wherein the metal is present in a single oxidation state or in various oxidation states.

206. 206. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-205, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises a metal other than silver, lead, and/or copper.

207. 207. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 201-206, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve has a size across its largest dimension of about 5-40 Å.

208. 207. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 201-206, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve has a size across its largest dimension of about 35 Å or less.

209. 207. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-206, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve has a size across its largest dimension of about 15 to about 35 Å.

210. Numbered embodiment 201, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total amount of molecular sieve, refrigerant, and lubricant (if present) in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of .

211. Numbered embodiment 201, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 2% to about 25% by weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve, refrigerant, and lubricant (if present) in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of .

212. The zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver, and the molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least 5% parts by weight (pbw) based on the total amount of the molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system, numbered 209. The heat transfer system of any one of embodiments 201-209.

213. Numbered Embodiment 201, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver, and the molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 5 pbw to about 30 pbw based on the total amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of .

214. Numbered Embodiment 201, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver, and the molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 5 pbw to about 20 pbw based on the total amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of .

215. 209. Any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite. The heat transfer system according to 1.

216. 209. Any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite. The heat transfer system according to 1.

217. Numbered embodiments 201-209 wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least 10 pphl weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. A heat transfer system according to any one of the preceding claims.

218. Numbered embodiments in which the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the molecular sieve is present in an amount of from about 10 pphl to about 30 pphl weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of 201-209.

219. A numbered embodiment wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the molecular sieve is present in an amount from about 10 pphl to about 20 pphl weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of 201-209.

220. Numbered embodiments in which the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the molecular sieve is present in an amount from about 15 pphl to about 30 pphl weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of 201-209.

221. A numbered embodiment wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the molecular sieve is present in an amount from about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl weight relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant in the heat transfer system. 209. The heat transfer system of any one of 201-209.

222. 209. Any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite. The heat transfer system according to 1.

223. 209. Any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve comprises silver and the amount of silver present in the molecular sieve is from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the zeolite. The heat transfer system according to 1.

224. 209. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

225. 209. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 18 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

226. 209. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 15 pphl to about 30 pphl, relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

227. 209. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 18 pphl to about 25 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

228. 209. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 5 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

229. 210. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 201-209, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 21 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

230. 169. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-169, wherein the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin.

231. 231. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 230, wherein the anion exchange resin is a Type 1 resin, strongly basic anion exchange resin.

232. 231. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 230, wherein the anion exchange resin is a type 2 resin, strongly basic anion exchange resin.

233. 233. Heat transfer according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-232, wherein the anion exchange resin is provided as beads having a size across their largest dimension of about 0.3 mm to about 1.2 mm when dry. system.

234. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 1 pphl to about 60 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

235. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 5 pphl to about 60 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

236. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 20 pphl to about 50 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

237. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 20 pphl to about 30 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

238. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 1 pphl to about 25 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

239. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 2 pphl to about 20 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

240. 234. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. .

241. 234. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. .

242. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 10 pphl to about 25 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

243. 234. The heat of any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

244. 234. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 4 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.

245. 234. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-233, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 16 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.

246. 246. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 230-245, wherein the anion exchange resin is Amberlyst A21 (free base).

247. 167. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the sequestering material is a sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of types 3A, 4A, 5A, and 13X.

248. 248. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 247, wherein the sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve is provided in an amount from about 15 pphl to about 60 pphl by weight, based on the total amount of sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve and lubricant in the system.

249. Any one of numbered embodiments 247-248, wherein the sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve is provided in an amount from about 30 pphl to about 45 pphl weight, based on the total amount of sodium aluminosilicate molecular sieve and lubricant in the system. A heat transfer system as described in .

250. 167. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the sequestering material is activated alumina.

251. 250. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 250, wherein the activated alumina is sodium activated alumina.

252. 252. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 250-251, wherein the activated alumina is F200 or CLR-204.

253. 253. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 250-252, wherein the activated alumina is provided in an amount from about 1 pphl to about 60 pphl, based on the total amount of activated alumina and lubricant in the system.

254. 253. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 250-252, wherein the activated alumina is provided in an amount of about 5 pphl to about 60 pphl, based on the total amount of activated alumina and lubricant in the system.

255. of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the sequestering material comprises at least (i) copper or a copper alloy and (ii) a molecular sieve (eg, a zeolite) comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof. A heat transfer system according to any one of the preceding claims.

256. Any of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the sequestering material comprises (i) a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) comprising copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, and (ii) an anion exchange resin. A heat transfer system according to claim 1.

257. 167. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 163-166, wherein the sequestering material comprises (i) copper or a copper alloy and (ii) an anion exchange resin.

258. 258. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 1 pphl to about 25 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

259. 258. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 2 pphl to about 20 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

260. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 10 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. .

261. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. .

262. 258. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount from about 10 pphl to about 25 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

263. 258. The heat according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 15 pphl to about 20 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system. transmission system.

264. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 4 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.

265. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 256-257, wherein the anion exchange resin is present in an amount of about 16 pphl, based on the total amount of anion exchange resin and lubricant in the system.

266. A zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead, or a combination thereof is present in an amount of about 1 pphl to about 30 pphl based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. 257. The heat transfer system of any one of the attached embodiments 255-256.

267. Any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount from about 2 pphl to about 25 pphl, based on the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. A heat transfer system as described in .

268. 257. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 15 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant present in the system.

269. 257. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of at least about 18 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve and lubricant present in the system.

270. Any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 15 pphl to about 30 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. A heat transfer system as described in .

271. Any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 18 pphl to about 25 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. A heat transfer system as described in .

272. 257 according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 5 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. heat transfer system.

273. 257 according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-256, wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is present in an amount of about 21 pphl relative to the total amount of molecular sieve (e.g., zeolite) and lubricant present in the system. heat transfer system.

274. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-257, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a surface area of from about 0.01 m ² to about 1.5 m ² /kg of refrigerant.

275. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-257, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a surface area of from about 0.02 m ² to about 0.5 m ² /kg of refrigerant.

276. 258. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 255-257, wherein the copper or copper alloy has a surface area of about 0.08 m ² /kg refrigerant.

277. When the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite), the weight ratio (dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) is preferably from about 10:90 to about 90. 257. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 256, which ranges from: 10.

278. When the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite), the weight ratio (dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) is preferably from about 20:80 to about 80. 256. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 256, which ranges from: 20.

279. When the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite), the weight ratio (dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) is preferably from about 30:70 to about 70. 256. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 256, which ranges from: 30.

280. When the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a molecular sieve (eg, zeolite), the weight ratio (dry) of anion exchange resin to molecular sieve (eg, zeolite) is preferably from about 60:40 to about 40. 256. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 256, which ranges from: 60.

281. 257. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 256, wherein when the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a metal zeolite, the weight ratio of the anion exchange resin to the metal zeolite is about 25:75.

282. 257. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 256, wherein when the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a metal zeolite, the weight ratio of the anion exchange resin to the metal zeolite is about 50:50.

283. 257. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment 256, wherein when the sequestering material comprises an anion exchange resin and a metal zeolite, the weight ratio of the anion exchange resin to the metal zeolite is about 75:25.

284. The system is in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-67 and/or at least a portion of the lubricant according to any one of numbered embodiments 128-138. wherein the temperature of the sealing material and/or the temperature of the coolant and/or the temperature of the lubricant at the time of contact is a temperature of at least about 10°C; 283. The heat transfer system of any one of 171-283.

285. 284. The heat transfer system according to numbered embodiment, wherein the sequestering material preferably comprises a combination of:
anion exchange resin,
activated alumina,
A zeolitic molecular sieve comprising silver and a moisture removing material, preferably a moisture removing molecular sieve.

286. 286. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 146-166 and 171-285, wherein the system is a residential air conditioning system.

287. 286. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 146-166 and 171-285, wherein said system is an industrial air conditioning system.

288. 286. The heat transfer system of any one of numbered embodiments 146-166 and 171-285, wherein said system is a commercial air conditioning system.

289. cooling comprising condensing a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled Method.

290. A method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising i) condensing a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145. and,
ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;
The cooling method, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

291. condensing the heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated, and thereafter evaporating the composition; heating method.

292. A method of heating in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145;
condensing in the vicinity of the heated body or article;
ii) evaporating the composition;
The heating method wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -30°C to about 5°C.

293. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 for use in air conditioning.

294. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a residential air conditioning system.

295. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in an industrial air conditioning system.

296. Use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a commercial air conditioning system.

297. 297. Use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 296, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a rooftop system.

298. 297. Use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 296, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a variable refrigerant flow system.

299. 297. Use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiment 296, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a chiller system.

300. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a chiller system.

301. 300. According to numbered embodiment, the chiller system has a compressor selected from reciprocating, rotary (including rolling piston and rotary valve), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. use.

302. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in transportation air conditioning.

303. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in stationary air conditioning.

304. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in a mobile heat pump.

305. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in a positive displacement cooler.

306. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chiller.

307. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in a residential heat pump.

308. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system.

309. 294. Use according to numbered embodiment 293 in a commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump system.

310. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 65-145 in a refrigeration system.

311. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a cryogenic refrigeration system.

312. 310. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system.

313. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a commercial refrigerator.

314. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a commercial freezer.

315. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in an ice machine.

316. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a vending machine.

317. 310. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a transport refrigeration system.

318. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a domestic freezer.

319. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a domestic refrigerator.

320. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in an industrial freezer.

321. The use according to numbered embodiment 310 in an industrial refrigerator, and

322. Use according to numbered embodiment 310 in a cooler.

323. 146. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a residential air conditioning system having a reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressor.

324. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a split residential air conditioning system.

325. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a ducted residential air conditioning system.

326. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a window residential air conditioning system.

327. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a portable residential air conditioning system.

328. 146. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system that is a refrigeration system.

329. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system that is a bottle cooler.

330. 146. Use of the heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 in a cryogenic refrigeration system, wherein the cryogenic refrigeration system is a freezer or an ice cream maker.

331. Use of a refrigerant according to any one of numbered embodiments 68-145 for use as a replacement for R410A.

332. 1. A method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain, contains, or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: A method comprising replacing at least a portion of an existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or a refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67.

333. The use of the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or the refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 to replace R410A in the condenser, evaporator, and/or Or the method according to numbered embodiment 332, which does not require modification of the expansion valve.

334. A numbered embodiment wherein the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or the refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 is provided as a replacement for R-410A in a chiller system. 332 and 333.

335. A numbered implementation wherein the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or the refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 is provided as a replacement for R-410A in a residential air conditioning system. 334. The method of aspects 332 and 333.

336. A numbered implementation wherein the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or the refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 is provided as a replacement for R-410A in an industrial air conditioning system. 334. The method of aspects 332 and 333.

337. A numbered embodiment wherein the heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or the refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 is provided as a replacement for R-410A in a commercial air conditioning system. 332 and 333.

338. 338. The method of numbered embodiment 337, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a rooftop system.

339. 338. The method according to numbered embodiment 337, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a variable refrigerant flow system.

340. 338. The method according to numbered embodiment 337, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a chiller system.

341. At least about 5 wt. 341. The method according to numbered embodiments 332-340, comprising replacing the refrigerant.

342. At least about 10 wt. 341. The method according to numbered embodiments 332-340, comprising replacing the refrigerant.

343. At least about 25% by weight of R-410A is removed from the system and placed in a heat transfer composition that is a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67. 341. The method according to numbered embodiments 332-340, comprising replacing the refrigerant.

344. At least about 50% by weight of R-410A is removed from the system and is transferred to a heat transfer composition that is a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67. 341. The method according to numbered embodiments 332-340, comprising replacing the refrigerant.

345. At least about 75% by weight of R-410A is removed from the system and placed in a heat transfer composition that is a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-62. 341. The method according to numbered embodiments 332-340, comprising replacing the refrigerant.

346. 68. The refrigerant composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67, wherein
In the heat transfer system compared to R-410A,
- the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 95-105% of that of R-410A; and/or - the capacity is 95-105% of that of R-410A.
and provided to replace R-410A refrigerant.

347. 68. The refrigerant composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67, wherein in a heat transfer system, compared to R-410A,
- the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 100-105% of that of R-410A; and/or - the capacity is 98-105% of that of R-410A.
and provided to replace R-410A refrigerant.

348. 68. The refrigerant composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67, wherein in a heat transfer system, compared to R-410A,
- the discharge temperature is not more than 10°C higher than that of R-410A; and/or - the compressor pressure ratio is 95-105% of that of R-410A.
and provided to replace R-410A refrigerant.

68. The refrigerant composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67, having an evaporator slope of less than 349.2°C.

68. The refrigerant composition according to numbered embodiments 1-67, having an evaporator slope of less than 350.1.5°C.

351. A heat transfer composition that is a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 68-145 or a refrigerant according to numbered embodiments 1-67 is provided to replace R410A in an air conditioning system. 345. The method of embodiments 332-345.

352. 352. The method of numbered embodiment 351, wherein the air conditioning system is a mobile air conditioning system.

353. 352. The method of numbered embodiment 351, wherein the air conditioning system is a stationary air conditioning system.

354. 352. The method of numbered embodiment 351, wherein the air conditioning system is a commercial air conditioning system.

355. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in transportation air conditioning.

356. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in stationary air conditioning.

357. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in a mobile heat pump.

358. 352. The method of numbered embodiment 351 in a positive displacement cooler.

359. 352. The method of numbered embodiment 351 in an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chiller.

360. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in a residential air conditioning system.

361. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in a residential heat pump.

362. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system.

363. 352. The method according to numbered embodiment 351 in a commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump system.

364. 346. The method of numbered embodiments 332-345 in a refrigeration system.

365. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a cryogenic refrigeration system.

366. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system.

367. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a commercial refrigerator.

368. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a commercial freezer.

369. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an ice machine.

370. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a vending machine.

371. 364. The method according to numbered embodiment 364 in a transportation refrigeration system.

372. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a home freezer.

373. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a domestic refrigerator.

374. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an industrial freezer.

375. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an industrial refrigerator, and

376. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a cooler.

377. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a ducted residential air conditioning system.

378. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in a window residential air conditioning system.

379. 364. The method according to numbered embodiment 364 in a portable residential air conditioning system.

380. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system that is a refrigeration system.

381. 364. The method of numbered embodiment 364 in an intermediate temperature refrigeration system that is a bottle cooler.

382. 68. The heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication and including a heat transfer composition therein, wherein the heat transfer composition is according to numbered embodiments 1-67. A heat transfer system comprising a refrigerant with any one of the refrigerants.

383. 383. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 382, which is a residential air conditioning system.

384. 383. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 382, which is a commercial air conditioning system.

385. 384. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 384, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a rooftop system.

386. 384. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 384, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a variable refrigerant flow system.

387. 384. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 384, wherein the commercial air conditioning system is a chiller system.

Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. understood by traders. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its essential scope. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but the invention includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims or any claims appended hereafter. intended to include
The present invention includes the following aspects.
[1]
A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of a combination of the following three compounds, said combination comprising:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
consisting essentially of about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I);
A refrigerant wherein said percentage is based on the total weight of said three compounds.
[2]
The refrigerant of [1], wherein the refrigerant comprises at least about 99.5% by weight of the combination of the three compounds.
[3]
The refrigerant according to [2], wherein the refrigerant is nonflammable.
[4]
A heat transfer composition comprising the refrigerant according to [4].
[5]
A heat transfer composition comprising the refrigerant according to [3] and a POE lubricant.
[6]
said combination is
49 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
11.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
The refrigerant of [1], consisting essentially of 39.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I).
[7]
The refrigerant according to [6], wherein the refrigerant is nonflammable.
[8]
A method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor, the process comprising:
i) condensing the refrigerant,
at least about 97% by weight of a combination of the following three compounds, said combination comprising:
about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
consisting essentially of about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), said percentage being based on the total weight of said three compounds;
ii) evaporating the refrigerant in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled, wherein the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is in the range of about -40°C to about -10°C.
[9]
The method of [8], wherein the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant ranges from about 0°C to about 10°C.
[10]
A heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor and containing a refrigerant therein, the refrigerant comprising:
at least about 97% by weight of a combination of the following three compounds, said combination comprising:
about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
A heat transfer system consisting essentially of about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), said percentage being based on the total weight of said three compounds.

Claims (73)

a stabilizing agent comprising at least one alkylated naphthalene;
A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of a combination of the following three compounds, said combination comprising:
about 49% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32);
consisting essentially of about 11.5% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and about 39.5% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I);
a refrigerant, wherein said percentage is based on the total weight of said three compounds ;
A heat transfer composition comprising : 2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein said refrigerant comprises at least about 99.5% by weight of the combination of said three compounds. said combination is
49 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% difluoromethane (HFC-32),
consisting essentially of 11.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 39.5 wt% +/- 0.3 wt% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I) 2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, comprising: 4. The heat transfer composition of claim 3, wherein said refrigerant is non-flammable. 2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein said alkylated naphthalene comprises alkylated naphthalene-5 and/or alkylated naphthalene-10. a lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), silicone oils, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (AB), polyvinyl ethers (PVE), and poly(α-olefins) (PAO); 2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, comprising : 7. A heat transfer composition according to claim 6, wherein said lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) . 7. The heat transfer composition of claim 6, wherein said lubricant is polyvinyl ether (PVE) . 2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer composition has at least one of a global warming potential (GWP) of 750 or less and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.05 or less, 0.02 or less, or zero. heat transfer composition . 10. A heat transfer composition according to claim 9, wherein said ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0.02 or less . 10. A heat transfer composition according to claim 9, wherein said ozone depletion potential (ODP) is zero . A method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor, the process comprising:
i) condensing the heat transfer composition of any of claims 1-11 ;
ii) evaporating the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of a body or article to be cooled, wherein the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is in the range of about -40°C to about 10°C ; Method. 13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said evaporation temperature of said refrigerant ranges from about 0°C to about 10°C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a mobile air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a truck, bus and train air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a mobile heat pump. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an electric vehicle heat pump. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a cooler. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a positive displacement cooler. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chiller. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a split duct or split ductless air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential heat pump. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an industrial air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a commercial air conditioning system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a packaged rooftop unit or variable refrigerant flow system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system with an evaporator temperature in the range of 0-10°C for cooling or -30-5°C for heating. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system with an evaporator temperature of 7[deg.]C for cooling or 0.5[deg.]C for heating. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system having a reciprocating, rotary, or scroll compressor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system having a rolling piston or rotary valve compressor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled cooler with an evaporator temperature in the range of 0-10°C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled cooler with an evaporator temperature in the range of 4.5[deg.]C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled chiller with a positive displacement compressor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled chiller with a reciprocating or scroll compressor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system with an evaporator temperature in the range of -20 to 3°C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system with an evaporator temperature of 0.5°C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system with an evaporator temperature in the range of -30 to 5 degrees Celsius. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system with an evaporator temperature in the range of 0-10°C. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential heat pump system with an evaporator temperature in the range of -20 to 3 degrees Celsius. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential heat pump system with an evaporator temperature in the range of -30 to 5 degrees Celsius. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat transfer system is a commercial air conditioning system with an evaporator temperature in the range of 0-10°C. A method of replacing an existing refrigerant that is R-410A in an existing heat transfer system, comprising removing at least a portion of the existing refrigerant from the system and replacing at least a portion of the existing refrigerant with the 12. replacing by introducing into said system a heat transfer composition according to any one of 11;
wherein the heat transfer system is an air conditioning system;
Method. 46. The method of Claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a mobile air conditioning system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a truck, bus and train air conditioning system. 46. The method of Claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a mobile heat pump. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is an electric vehicle heat pump. 46. The method of Claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a cooler. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a positive displacement cooler. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chiller. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air conditioning system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a split duct or split ductless air conditioning system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential heat pump. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump/hot water system. 46. The method of Claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is an industrial air conditioning system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a commercial air conditioning system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a packaged rooftop unit or variable refrigerant flow system. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the heat transfer system is a commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump system. A heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and a heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1-11 . A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a cooler. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a positive displacement cooler. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in an air-cooled cooler. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a water cooled direct expansion cooler. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a stationary air conditioning system. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a residential air conditioning system. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in industrial air conditioning systems. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in commercial air conditioning systems. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in commercial refrigeration systems. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in commercial refrigerators. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in commercial freezers. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim for use in a vending machine.