JP2024016136A - Stabilized heat transfer compositions, methods and systems - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide refrigerant compositions which can be used as a replacement for R-410A and which exhibit, in preferred embodiments, a desired mosaic of properties of excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility and lubricant compatibility in combination with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and near-zero ODP.SOLUTION: A heat transfer composition comprises a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer. The refrigerant comprises 39-45 wt.% of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1-4 wt.% of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57 wt.% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and optionally but preferably an acid depleting moiety.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and systems that have utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In certain aspects, the present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which refrigerant R-410A would be used. The compositions of the invention are particularly useful as a replacement for refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications and
It is useful for installing additional heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with the system.

Mechanical refrigeration systems and related heat transfer devices such as heat pumps and air conditioners are well known in the art for industrial, commercial, and domestic use. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were developed in the 1930s as refrigerants for such systems.
However, since the 1980s, the effects of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer have received much attention. In 1987, many governments signed the Montreal Protocol to Protect the Global Environment, which established a timetable for the phase-out of CFC products. Hydrogen-containing, more environmentally acceptable materials, namely hydrochlorofluorocarbons (
HCFC) replaced CFC.

One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants was chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol accelerated the phase-down of CFCs and scheduled a phase-out of HCFCs, including HCFC-22.

In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry is
Several hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been developed that have zero ozone depletion potential. R-410A (50:50 w/w blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)) as an industrial replacement for HCFC-22 in air conditioning and chiller applications because it does not contribute to ozone depletion was adopted. However, R-4
10A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. Therefore, R- in R-410A
22 replacement of major components within the heat exchange system, including compressor replacement and redesign to accommodate the substantially higher operating pressures and volumes of R-410A compared to R-22. Required a redesign.

While R-410A has a more acceptable ozone depletion potential (ODP) than R-22, its global warming potential is as high as 2088, making continued use of R-410A problematic. Therefore, there is a need in the art to replace R-410A with a more environmentally acceptable alternative.

As shown in Table 1, the EU has announced that from 2015 onwards, HF
Implemented F gas regulations to limit C. By 2030, only 21% of the amount of HFC sold in 2015 will be available. Therefore, as a long-term solution, GWP
It is desirable to limit the value to less than 427.

^* 2015 GWP levels are based on UNEP's 2012 Usage Survey with no increase in growth rates.

Alternative heat transfer fluids may have excellent heat transfer properties (particularly heat transfer properties well suited to the needs of a particular application), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant compatibility, and It is understood in the art that it is highly desirable to possess a mosaic of properties that are difficult to achieve, including/or lubricant compatibility. Additionally, any replacement for R-410A is
Ideally, there would be a good match to the R-410A operating conditions to avoid system modification or redesign. Developing heat transfer fluids that meet all of these demands, many of which are unpredictable, is a major challenge.

Regarding usage efficiency, it is important to note that loss of thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency of the refrigerant can result in increased usage of fossil fuels as a result of increased demand for electrical energy. Therefore, the use of such refrigerants will have secondary negative effects on the environment.

Flammability is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used herein, the term "nonflammable" refers to ASTM Standard E-681-2009 Stand
ard Test Method for Concentration Limits
of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and
ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Desi
gnation and Safety Classification of Ref
ligerants and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Appen
dix B1, which is incorporated herein by reference and is conveniently referred to herein as the "nonflammability test."

Returning the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system to the compressor to perform its intended lubrication function is critical to maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor. is important. Otherwise, lubricant will accumulate, including in heat transfer parts,
It can become lodged in the system's coils and pipes. Additionally, the build-up of lubricant on the inner surface of the evaporator reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

R-410A is a polyol ester (PO
Because of its miscibility with E), R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricants in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at temperatures typically encountered during operation of cryogenic refrigeration and heat pump systems. therefore,
POE and R-410A cannot be used in cryogenic refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to reduce this immiscibility.

Applicants have developed a composition that can be used as a replacement for R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly residential and commercial air conditioning applications, including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning, and chiller air conditioning applications. I have come to understand that it is desirable to be able to provide this. Applicants also believe that the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention overcome the drawbacks of being immiscible with POE, e.g., in heat pumps and cryogenic refrigeration systems, at the temperatures encountered during the operation of these systems. I came to understand that it has advantages.

The present invention can be used as a replacement for R-410A and in preferred embodiments provides excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low toxicity, along with low global warming potential (GWP) and near zero ODP. or provide a refrigerant composition exhibiting the desired mosaic of properties of non-toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant miscibility, and lubricant compatibility.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
The lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene comprises the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. From 1% by weight based on the weight of
A heat transfer composition is present in the composition in an amount less than 10% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 1 for convenience.

As used herein in reference to percentages based on a list of specified compounds, the term "relative percentage" means the percentage of the specified compound based on the total weight of the listed compounds.

As used herein in terms of weight percentages, the term "about" in reference to an amount of a particular component means that the amount of the particular component can vary by an amount of +/-1% by weight.

In connection with the use of stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalenes in heat transfer compositions comprising CF3I refrigerants and lubricants comprising POE and/or PVE, Applicants have discovered that the stabilizing effect of alkylated naphthalenes 1% to 10% by weight based on naphthalene and lubricant
or preferably from 1.5% to less than 8%, or preferably from 1.5% to about 6% by weight
It has been found that there is a critical range in which the stabilizing effect is beneficially and unexpectedly enhanced compared to weight percent, or preferably outside the range of 1.5 to 5 weight percent. The reason for the enhanced performance within this critical range is that when used in amounts greater than about 10%, the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes, in the absence of other solutions described below, is partially stems from the discovery that it can degrade to an extent that is undesirable for applications. Additionally, Applicants believe that when used in amounts less than 1%, the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes is less than desirable for some applications. The existence of this critical range is unexpected.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in relative percentages of: death:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight;
Contains a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 2 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition is present in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 3 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
the lubricant comprises a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition is present in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 4 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being POE a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene, the alkylated naphthalene ranging from 1% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. % by weight of a heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 5 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being POE a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene, the alkylated naphthalene ranging from 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. % by weight of the heat transfer composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 6 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being POE a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is 1.5% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition is present in an amount of ˜8% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 7 for convenience.

The present invention is a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being POE a lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is 1.5% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition is present in an amount of ˜6% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8 for convenience.

The present invention also includes any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-8, wherein the stabilizer is essentially free of ADM. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8A for convenience.

The present invention also includes any of heat transfer compositions 1-8, wherein the stabilizer is essentially free of ADM, as defined below, and the stabilizer further comprises BHT. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8B for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I),
The lubricant includes a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer includes a heat transfer composition including an alkylated naphthalene and an acid scavenging moiety. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 9 for convenience.

As used herein, the term "acid depleting moiety" (sometimes referred to herein as "ADM" for convenience) refers to a refrigerant containing about 10% by weight or more CF3I. (the above proportions are based on the weight of all refrigerant in the heat transfer composition), substantially eliminates the acid moieties that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition. means a compound or radical that has the effect of reducing As used herein, the term "substantially reduces" when used with respect to the acid moiety in the heat transfer composition reduces the TAN value (defined below) by at least about 10 relative percent. This means reducing the acid moiety to a sufficient extent.

In connection with the use of stabilizers comprising alkylated naphthalenes and ADM, Applicants have discovered that certain materials substantially improve the performance of stabilizers comprising or consisting essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. We have discovered that it can be strengthened in a targeted and unexpected way. In particular, Applicants have discovered that certain materials can assist in the removal of acidic moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. Applicants have discovered that by formulating heat transfer compositions with ADM, the stability function of at least alkylated naphthalene stabilizers according to the present invention is unexpectedly and synergistically enhanced. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty, but without being bound by any theory of operation, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizers of the present invention are capable of reducing the free radicals formed from the CF3I of the present refrigerant. It is believed that this stabilizing effect is at least somewhat reduced in the presence of the acid moiety. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention allows alkylated naphthalene stabilizers to exhibit an unexpected and synergistically enhanced effect. Additionally, Applicants believe that the performance reduction that Applicants observed at relatively high concentrations of alkylated naphthalenes (i.e., about 10%) is due to the reduction in performance of ADM in heat transfer compositions (or stabilized lubricants). We have found that this can be offset by incorporating

Accordingly, the present invention includes stabilizers that include alkylated naphthalenes and ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilizer 1 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilizer 2 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 0.1% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 3 for convenience.

The present invention also provides approximately 4.0
Also included are stabilizers comprising from 0% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 30% by weight ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 4 for convenience.

The present invention also provides approximately 4.0
Also included are stabilizers comprising from 0% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 20% by weight ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 5 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 10 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 11 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 5, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 12 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and Stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 14 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and stabilizer 3, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 15 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 16 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 5, wherein the refrigerant comprises three compounds: comprising a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 17 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows the LCCP of one of the refrigerants of the present invention and of certain known refrigerants.

Description Definition:
For purposes of this invention, the term "about" with respect to a temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) means that the specified temperature is +
/-5°C. In preferred embodiments, the temperature specified as being about is preferably +/-2°C, more preferably +/-1°C, even more preferably +/-0.5°C of the specified temperature.

The term "capacity" refers to the amount of cooling provided by a refrigerant in a refrigeration system (B
TU/hr). This is the enthalpy (BTU/l) of the refrigerant as it passes through the evaporator.
Determined experimentally by multiplying the change in b) by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. Enthalpy can be determined from measurements of refrigerant pressure and temperature. The capacity of a cooling system relates to its ability to maintain the area being cooled at a particular temperature. Refrigerant capacity refers to the amount of cooling or heating that the refrigerant provides and provides a degree of ability of the compressor to deliver an amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with higher capacity will provide more cooling or heating power.

The term "coefficient of performance" (hereinafter "COP") is a widely accepted term that is particularly useful for expressing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a particular heating or cooling cycle that involves evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. It is a measure of refrigerant performance. In refrigeration engineering, the term refers to the ratio of effective refrigeration or cooling capacity to the energy applied by the compressor during compression of vapor, and thus the amount of heat delivered for a given volumetric flow rate of a heat transfer fluid such as a refrigerant. represents the capacity of a given compressor. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher COP will provide more cooling or heating power. One means of estimating the COP of a refrigerant at particular operating conditions is from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (e.g., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). incorporated into, R.C.D.
owning, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOO
K., Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).

The phrase "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor. The advantage of lower discharge temperatures is that it preferably allows the use of existing equipment without activating the thermal protection surfaces of the system designed to protect compressor components and eliminates the need for expensive liquid injections such as liquid injection to lower discharge temperatures. The aim is to avoid the use of expensive control devices.

The "Global Warming Potential" (hereinafter "GWP") was developed to allow comparison of the global warming impact of various gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the release of one ton of a gas absorbs over a given period of time relative to the release of one ton of carbon dioxide. The higher the GWP, the more a given gas will warm the Earth over a period of time compared to CO2. The period normally used for GWP is 1
It is 2000. GWP provides a common measure that allows analysts to sum emission estimates for different gases. www. epa. Please refer to gov.

The term "lifetime climate characteristics" (hereinafter "LCCP") is a method by which air conditioning and refrigeration systems can be evaluated for their impact on global warming over the course of their product life. L
CCP includes the direct effects of refrigerant emissions and the indirect effects of energy consumption used to operate the system, energy to manufacture the system, and transportation and safe disposal of the system. The direct impact of refrigerant emissions is obtained from the refrigerant's GWP value. Regarding indirect emissions, the measured refrigerant properties are used to derive system performance and energy consumption. LCCP is determined using Equation 1 and Equation 2 as follows. Equation 1 is: Direct emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) x (annual leakage rate x product life + loss due to end of product life) x
It is GWP. Equation 2 is: indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption x product life x electricity production kW-hr
This is the amount of _CO2 per unit. Direct emissions, as determined by Equation 1, and indirect emissions, as determined by Equation 2, are added together to yield the LCCP. Nation
Al Renewable Laboratory and BinMaker
TMY2 and TMY3 data available in ® Pro version 4 software are used for analysis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4)
) (2007) are used in the calculation. LCCP is expressed as the mass of carbon dioxide (kg-CO _2eq ) over the life of an air conditioning or refrigeration system.

The term "mass flow rate" is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit time.

The term "Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)" is defined in ASHRAE Standard 34.
-2016 Design and Safety Classificat
ion of Refrigerants.

As used herein, the term "alternative to" with respect to a particular heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention, as "replacement for" a particular prior refrigerant, refers to This refers to the use of the specified compositions of the invention in heat transfer systems that have been used. Examples include residential and commercial air conditioning (rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow)
Use of the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention in heat transfer systems previously designed for and/or commonly used with R410A, such as VRF systems and cooler systems). The refrigerant of the present invention then becomes a replacement for R410A in such systems.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures that have varying temperatures during the phase change process in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures that have varying temperatures during the phase change process in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

As this term is used herein, "TAN value" means ASHRAE Standard 9 to simulate long-term stability of heat transfer compositions through accelerated aging.
7- “Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the
Chemical stability of materials for use
Refers to the total acid value when determined according to "Within Refrigerant Systems".

Heat Transfer Compositions Applicants have discovered that the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 described herein, may be particularly useful as heat transfer compositions as replacements for R-410A. Especially the conventional 410A
Residential air conditioning systems and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning systems (conventional R-410A rooftop systems, conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning systems)
410A cooler systems), it has been found that it can provide extremely advantageous properties, particularly stability in use and non-flammability.

As used herein, Reference Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 refer to Heat Transfer Compositions 8A and 8B.
Refers to each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 containing the following.

A particular advantage of the refrigerants included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention is that they are nonflammable when tested according to the nonflammability test and, as discussed above, are used in various systems as a replacement for R-410A. It has excellent heat transfer properties and has low environmental impact (GWP).
refrigerants that have particularly low ODP and near zero ODP), have excellent chemical stability, have low or no toxicity, and/or are lubricant compatible, and remain nonflammable during use. It is desired in the art to provide heat transfer compositions and heat transfer compositions. This desirable advantage can be achieved with the refrigerant and heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, include refrigerant in an amount greater than 40% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17 contain more than 50%, or more than 70%, or more than 80%, or 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition. Contains more than % by weight of refrigerant.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, consist essentially of a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention may contain other ingredients for the purpose of enhancing or providing certain functionality to the composition, preferably without detracting from the enhanced stability provided in accordance with the present invention. Such other ingredients or additives may include dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, co-stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives.

Stabilizer:
Alkylated Naphthalenes Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalenes are very effective as stabilizers for the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. As used herein, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the following structure:

where each R ₁ -R ₈ is independently selected from straight chain alkyl groups, branched alkyl groups, and hydrogen. The specific lengths of the alkyl chains, as well as mixtures or branched and straight chains and hydrogens, can vary within the scope of the present invention, and such variations will depend on the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalenes, particularly the alkylated compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize and understand that the viscosity, etc. of Substances are often defined by

Applicants have found that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results are associated with the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties: The naphthalene compounds are conveniently referred to herein as alkylated naphthalene 1 (or AN1) through alkylated naphthalene 5 (or AN5), as shown in columns 1-5 of the table below, respectively.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445, the term "about" means +/-4 cSt.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 100° C. measured according to ASTM D445, the term “about” means +/−0.4 cSt.

As used herein in connection with pour point measured according to ASTM D97, the term "about" means +/-5°C.

Applicants have also found that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results are associated with the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties: The naphthalene compounds are conveniently referred to herein as alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) through alkylated naphthalene 10 (or AN10), as shown in columns 6-10 of the table below, respectively.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 include NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR
-009, KR-015, KR-019, KR-005FG, KR-015FG, and K
Examples include those sold by King Industries under the trade name R-029FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 include NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR
-009, and those sold by King Industries under the trademarks KR-005FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalenes 5 and alkylated naphthalenes 10 include those under the trade name NA-LUB by King Industries.
One example is a product sold as E KR-008.

The present invention provides heat transfer compositions 1-17 herein, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1, AN2, AN3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10. A heat transfer composition comprising each of the following.

Acid removal part (ADM)
Those skilled in the art can determine, without undue experimentation, a variety of ADMs useful in accordance with the present invention, and all such ADMs are within the scope of the present invention.

Epoxides Applicants have found that epoxides, particularly alkylated epoxides, are effective in producing the enhanced stability discussed herein when used in combination with alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. Although not necessarily bound by theory, Applicants also believe that this synergistic enhancement occurs at least in part due to the effective function as an ADM in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. .

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of epoxides that undergo a ring-opening reaction with an acid, thereby removing the acid from the system, but not otherwise adversely affecting the system.

Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

Preferred epoxides include those of formula I:

(In the formula, at least one of the above R _{1 to} R ₄ has 2 to 15 carbons (C2 to C1
5) acyclic groups, C2-C15 aliphatic groups, and C2-C15 ethers).
The epoxide according to Formula 1 is sometimes referred to herein as ADM1 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of R1-R4 of formula I is an ether having the following structure:

(wherein R5 and R6 are each independently a C1 to C14 straight chain or branched chain, preferably unsubstituted alkyl group). The epoxide according to this paragraph is conveniently referred to herein as AD
It is also sometimes referred to as M2.

In a preferred embodiment, one of R _{1 to} R ₄ of formula I is an ether having the following structure:

(In the formula, R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently a C1 to C14 straight chain or branched chain, preferably unsubstituted alkyl group, and the remaining three of R _{1 to} R ₄ are H) . The epoxide according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as ADM3 for convenience.

In preferred embodiments, the epoxide comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether. The epoxide according to this paragraph is conveniently referred to herein as A
It is also sometimes called DM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further comprises ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further comprises ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further comprises ADM2.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further comprises ADM3.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN1 and further comprises ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further comprises ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further comprises ADM2.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further comprises ADM3.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and further comprises ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further comprises ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further comprises ADM2.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further comprises ADM3.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN10 and further comprises ADM4.

The present invention provides that the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6
, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, further comprising ADM1.
8 and 9-17, respectively.

The present invention provides that the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6
, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, further comprising ADM2.
8 and 9-17, respectively.

The present invention provides that the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6
, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, further comprising ADM3.
8 and 9-17, respectively. The present invention provides that the alkylated naphthalene is AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN
9 and further comprising a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17.

ADM in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17.
is present, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably in an amount of 0.01% to about 10%, or about 1.5% to about 4.5%, or about 2.5% to about 3.5%. present, and these amounts are weight percent based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus refrigerant in the system.

ADM in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17.
is present, the alkylated naphthalene preferably contains from 0.1% to about 20%, or 1,
It is present in an amount of 5% to about 10%, or 1.5% to about 8%, these amounts being weight percentages based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene plus lubricant in the system.

Carbodiimide ADM may include a carbodiimide. In a preferred embodiment, carbodiimides include compounds having the structure:

Other Stabilizers It is contemplated that stabilizers other than alkylated naphthalenes and ADM may be included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17. Examples of such other stabilizers are described below.

Phenolic Compound In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Phenolic compounds include 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-
2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol containing bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl -6-tertbutylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-
Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6
-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidene bis(2,6-di-tert
t-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol);2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol ;2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N
'-dimethylaminomethylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-ter
t-butylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy -5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3
, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol,
one or more compounds selected from hydroquinone, 2,2'6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylene diphenol, and t-butylhydroquinone, preferably B
It can be HT.

Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001% by weight
~5% by weight, preferably 0.001% by weight ~ about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight
It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount from % to about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001% by weight
~5% by weight, preferably 0.001% by weight ~ about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight
It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount from % to about 1% by weight. In all cases, weight percentages refer to weights based on the weight of lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

The present invention also provides from about 40% to about 9% by weight, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition.
Alkylated naphthalenes containing 5% by weight of each of AN1 to AN10 and 0.1 to about 10
Contains a stabilizer containing % BHT by weight. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 6 for convenience.

The present invention also provides from about 40% to about 9% by weight, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition.
Alkylated naphthalenes containing 5% by weight of each of AN1 to AN10, from about 5% to about 3% by weight
ADM comprising 0% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4, and 0.1 to about 10% by weight of B
Contains stabilizers including HT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 of the present invention, including stabilizer 6.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-26 of the present invention, including stabilizer 7.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 of the present invention, including AN1 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 of the present invention, including AN5 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 of the present invention, including AN10 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, including AN5, ADM4, and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-17 of the present invention, including AN10, ADM4, and BHT.

Diene Compounds Diene compounds include C3 to C15 dienes and compounds formed by the reaction of two or more arbitrary C3 to C4 dienes. Preferably, the diene compound is selected from the group consisting of allyl ether, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpene. The diene compound is preferably a terpene, including tereben, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenchene, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, These include, but are not limited to, nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. Preferably the stabilizer is farnesene. Preferred terpene stabilizers are
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/2004, filed December 12, 2004, and published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0167044 (A1), which is incorporated herein by reference.
No. 638,003.

Furthermore, the diene compound is present in an amount exceeding 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably from 0.01% by weight to about 2.5% by weight.
It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of about 1% by weight. In each case, the weight percentage is
Refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phosphorous compounds The phosphorus compound can be a phosphorous compound or a phosphoric acid compound. For the purposes of the present invention, phosphite compounds are diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl and/or trialkyl phosphites and/or mixed aryl/alkyl di- or trisubstituted phosphites, in particular hindered phosphites, tris - (di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, di-n-octyl phosphite, iso-octyl diphenyl phosphite, isodecyl diphenyl phosphite, tri-iso-decyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite, and diphenyl phosphite It can be one or more selected compounds, especially diphenyl phosphite.

The phosphoric acid compound can be a triaryl phosphate, a trialkyl phosphate, an alkyl monoacid phosphate, an aryl diacid phosphate, an amine phosphate, preferably a triaryl phosphate and/or a trialkyl phosphate, especially tri-n-butyl phosphate.

The phosphorus compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. %
may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of In each case, by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Nitrogen Compound When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer is one or more secondary or Amine-based compounds such as tertiary amines may be included. Amine-based compounds are amine antioxidants, such as substituted piperidine compounds, i.e. derivatives of alkyl-substituted piperidyl, piperidinyl, piperazinone, or alkoxypiperidinyl, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- Piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1,2,2,6,
6-pentamethylpiperidyl) sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-
4-Hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated paraphenylenediamines, such as N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N
, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and hydroxylamines such as tallowamine, methylbistallowamine, and bistallowamine, or phenol-alpha-naphthylamine, or Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba) ,BL
S (registered trademark) 1944 (Mayzo Inc), and BLS (registered trademark) 1770 (M
ayzo Inc). For the purposes of this invention, amine-based compounds also include alkyldiphenylamines such as bis(nonylphenylamine), dialkylamines such as (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine), or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA ), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-
It may be one or more of naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine. Preferably, the amine compound is one or more of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha -
Naphthylamine (PANA).

Alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds identified above, selected from dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] One or more compounds may be used as stabilizers.

The nitrogen compound is greater than 0 and from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.00% by weight.
It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of 1% to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% to about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Isobutylene Isobutylene can also be used as a stabilizer according to the invention.

Additional Stabilizer Compositions The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1-AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer comprising an ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 8 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a phosphate salt. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 9 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer comprising an ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a combination of a phosphate and a phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as stabilizer 10 for convenience.

The invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 25% by weight. ADM and an amount of phosphate, phenol, from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight;
and an additional stabilizer selected from combinations thereof, wherein the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 11 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 15% by weight. ADM and an amount of phosphate, phenol, from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight;
and an additional stabilizer selected from combinations thereof, wherein the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 12 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM1 to ADM4, and BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 13 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
A stabilizer comprising ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4 and BHTl is provided. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 14 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT, and a phosphate salt. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 15 for convenience.

The present invention also provides alkylated naphthalenes containing each of AN1 to AN10 and ADM
The present invention provides a stabilizer comprising ADM containing each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT, and a phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 16 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight. A stabilizer is provided that includes ADM and BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 17 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight. A stabilizer is provided that includes ADM and BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 18 for convenience.

The invention also provides an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight, and an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight. a third stabilizer compound selected from BHT, phosphate, and combinations thereof in an amount of from about 1% to about 55% by weight; Based on total weight of agent. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as stabilizer 19 for convenience.

The invention also provides an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight, and an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight. , BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as stabilizer 20 for convenience.

The stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20, are used in heat transfer compositions 1-8 and 9-1.
7 can be used in any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

The stabilizers of the present invention, including each of stabilizers 1 to 6, are also used in heat transfer compositions 8A and 8B.
It can be used in any of the following.

Lubricant Generally, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-45, include a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant, where the lubricant is based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. , preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from 0.1% to about 1%, or 0.1% by weight.
Present in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight.

POE Lubricants The POE lubricants of the present invention, in preferred embodiments, include neopentyl POE lubricants. As used herein, the term neopentyl POE lubricant refers to neopentyl polyol (preferably pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentyl glycol, in embodiments where higher viscosity is preferred, dipentaerythritol) and linear or polyol ester (POE) derived from reaction with a branched chain carboxylic acid.

Commercially available POEs include Emery 2917 (registered trademark) and Hatcol 23
Neopentyl glycol dipelargonate, available as 70®, as well as CP
Product name Emkarate RL32- by I Fluid Engineering
3MAF and pentaerythritol derivatives such as those sold as Emkarate RL68H. Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkar
ate RL68H is a preferred neopentyl POE lubricant with the properties specified below.

Other useful esters include phosphoric acid esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters.

Viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445 from about 30 cSt to about 70 cS
t and has a viscosity of about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445.
A lubricant consisting essentially of POE that is cSt is referred to herein as Lubricant 1.

Viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445 from about 30 cSt to about 70 cS
The lubricant consisting essentially of neopentyl POE, which is POE, is referred to as Lubricant 2 for convenience.

The present invention also provides heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 that include a POE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 comprises:
Includes lubricants consisting essentially of POE lubricants.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 comprises:
Contains a lubricant consisting of POE lubricant.

The present invention also provides heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.
Also provided are heat transfer compositions comprising each of the following.

PVE Lubricants The lubricants of the present invention may generally include PVE lubricants. In a preferred embodiment,
The PVE lubricant is PVE according to Formula II below.

(wherein R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon, preferably C
2-C8 hydrocarbon, R ₁ and R ₄ are each independently an alkyl, alkylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylene glycol unit, and n and m are preferably
Selected according to the requirements of those skilled in the art to obtain a lubricant with desired properties, preferred n and m are selected to provide a lubricant with a viscosity of about 30 to about 70 cSt at 40°C, measured according to ASTM D445. ). The PVE lubricant according to the description immediately above is referred to as Lubricant 3 for convenience. Commercially available polyvinyl ether is available from Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. under the trade name FV.
Included are lubricants sold as C32D and FVC68D.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 comprises:
Contains PVE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 comprises:
Includes a lubricant consisting essentially of a PVE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 comprises:
Contains a lubricant consisting of PVE lubricant.

In preferred embodiments, the PVE in the present heat transfer compositions, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, is a PVE according to Formula II.

The present invention also provides heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, including lubricant 1 or lubricant 2 or lubricant 3.

Stabilized Lubricant The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 1 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a neopentyl POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 2 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) Lubricant 1 and (b) a stabilizer of the invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 3 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) Lubricant 2 and (b) a stabilizer of the invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 4 for convenience.

The invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) Stabilizer 1. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 5 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) stabilizer 2. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 6 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 3. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 7 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 4. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 8 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 5. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 9 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) from 1% to less than 10% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may also be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 10 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) 1% to 8% by weight alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 11 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant; and (b) from 1.5% to 8% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. . The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 12 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant; and (b) from 1.5% to 6% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. . The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience.

The present invention provides heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, wherein the lubricant and stabilizer are stabilized lubricants of the present invention comprising each of Stabilizing Lubricants 1-13. including.

Methods, Uses, and Systems The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications, with highly preferred air conditioning applications including residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications. (rooftop applications, VRF applications, coolers, etc.).

The present invention also includes methods of providing heat transfer including air conditioning methods, highly preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (methods of providing rooftop air conditioning, VRF methods of providing air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using a cooler).

The invention also includes heat transfer systems including air conditioning systems, highly preferred air conditioning systems include residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems (rooftop air conditioning systems, V
RF air conditioning systems, air conditioning cooler systems, etc.).

The invention also applies to refrigeration, heat pumps, and (including portable and central water coolers)
Also provided are uses of heat transfer compositions, methods of using heat transfer compositions, and systems including heat transfer compositions in connection with coolers.

Any reference to any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention refers to each of the heat transfer compositions described herein. Accordingly, for the following discussion of uses, methods, systems, or applications of compositions of the present invention, the heat transfer composition may include any of heat transfer compositions 1-17 or heat transfer compositions 1-17. It can essentially consist of any of the following:

Regarding the heat transfer system of the present invention including a compressor and a lubricant for the compressor in the system,
The system has a lubricant loading in the system of about 5% to 60% by weight, or about 10% by weight.
~ about 60% by weight, or about 20% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%,
or about 20% to about 30% by weight, or about 30% to about 50%, or about 30% by weight.
Refrigerant and lubricant loadings can be included to be between about 40% by weight. As used herein, the term "lubricant charge" refers to the total weight of lubricant contained within the system as a percentage of the total lubricant and refrigerant contained within the system. Such a system also
A lubricant loading of about 5% to about 10%, or about 8% by weight of the heat transfer composition may be included.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other, heat transfer compositions 1-17, and sequestering materials.
tration material), the sequestrant material preferably comprising i. copper or copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. Zeolite molecular sieves containing copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof; or iv. anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture removing material, preferably a moisture removing molecular sieve, or vi. It may include a combination of two or more of the above.

The invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeated cycles. A method of transferring heat of a type, the method comprising:
(a) providing a heat transfer composition according to the invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to a sealing material.

Uses, Equipment, and Systems In preferred embodiments, the residential air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. It is.

In preferred embodiments, the residential air conditioning system and method used in heating mode has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and a condensing temperature in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C. It is within.

In preferred embodiments, the commercial air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within a range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the hot water system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

In preferred embodiments, the mesophilic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the cryogenic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the rooftop air conditioning system and method provides temperatures between about 0°C and about 10°C.
It has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of 0.degree. C. and a condensation temperature in the range of about 40.degree. C. to about 70.degree.

In preferred embodiments, the VRF system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

The present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, in residential air conditioning systems.

The present invention includes the use of heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, in a cooler system.

Examples of commonly used compressors, for purposes of this invention, include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling pistons and rotary valves), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Accordingly, the invention is described herein for use in heat transfer systems including reciprocating, rotary (including rolling pistons and rotary valves), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors. refrigerant and/or heat transfer composition.

Examples of commonly used expansion devices, for purposes of this invention, include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Accordingly, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in heat transfer systems including capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, or electronic expansion valves. do.

For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and condenser are preferably fin-tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers, respectively. -tube) heat exchanger. Therefore, the present invention provides that the evaporator and condenser together form a fin-tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, or a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Each of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions described herein is provided for use in a heat transfer system.

The system of the invention therefore preferably comprises a sequestering material in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant according to the invention; The temperature and/or the temperature of the refrigerant and/or the temperature of the lubricant is preferably a temperature of at least about 10C, and the sequestering material is preferably an anion exchange resin, activated alumina, zeolite containing silver. A combination of a molecular sieve and a molecular removal material, preferably a molecular removal molecular sieve.

As used in this application, the term "in contact with at least a portion" means, in its broadest sense, that said sealing material is in contact with the same or a separate portion of the refrigerant and/or lubricant within the system. and any combination of sequestration materials, and is intended to include, but not necessarily be limited to, each type or particular sequestration material (i) if present, physically together with each other; (ii) the types or specific materials located, if present, physically separate from each other; and (iii) the two or more materials physically together, and at least One sequestration material is physically separate from at least one other sequestration material.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used in heating and cooling applications.

In a particular feature of the invention, the heat transfer composition is used in a cooling method that includes condensing the heat transfer composition and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled. Can be done.

Accordingly, the present invention is a method of cooling in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein;
ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;
The method relates to a method of cooling, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

Alternatively, or in addition, the heat transfer composition is used in a heating method that includes condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated and then vaporizing the composition. can do.

The invention therefore provides a method of heating in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, wherein the process comprises: i) a heat transfer as described herein in the vicinity of a body or article to be heated; condensing the composition;
ii) evaporating the composition, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is about -3
The heating method is within the range of 0°C to about 5°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in air conditioning applications, including both transportation and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be
- air conditioning applications, including mobile air conditioning, especially train and bus air conditioning;
- Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or conventionally single-packed);
- residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems;
- Residential heat pumps,
- Residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems;
- industrial air conditioning systems,
- commercial air conditioning systems, specifically packaged rooftop units and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;
- Can be used in any one of commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in refrigeration systems. The term "refrigeration system" refers to any system or device that uses a refrigerant to provide cooling, or any part or portion of such a system or device. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be
- cryogenic refrigeration system,
- Medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- Commercial freezers;
- Ice machine,
- Vending machines,
- transport refrigeration systems,
- home freezers,
- home refrigerator,
- industrial freezers,
- an industrial refrigerator; and - a cooler.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, specifically includes:
Residential air conditioning systems (evaporator temperatures in the range of about 0 to about 10°C for cooling, especially about 7°C, and/or in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, especially about 0.5°C for heating) provided for use in Alternatively or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, may be particularly suitable for reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotor), or scroll compression provided for use in a residential air conditioning system comprising a device.

Each of the described heat transfer compositions, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly suitable for use in air-cooled condensers (evaporator temperatures within the range of about 0 to about 10°C, specifically about 4.5°C). ), in particular for use in air-cooled coolers with positive displacement compressors, and more particularly in air-cooled coolers with reciprocating scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, specifically includes:
Residential air-water heat pump hot water circulation system (within the range of about -20 to about 3℃, especially about 0
．． 5° C. or in the range from about −30° C. to about 5° C., particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5° C.).

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, specifically includes:
Provided for use in medium temperature refrigeration systems (having evaporator temperatures in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C).

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, specifically includes:
Provided for use in low temperature refrigeration systems (having evaporator temperatures in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, particularly about -40°C to about -23°C, or preferably about -32°C).

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, can be used, for example, to transport cold air (such air having a temperature of about 10° C. to about 17° C., particularly about 12° C.) to a building in summer. provided for use in residential air conditioning systems used to supply

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1-17, are suitable for providing cold air (wherein the air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C). provided for use in split type residential air conditioning systems used in

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1-17, are suitable for providing cold air (wherein the air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C). Provided for use in ducted split residential air conditioning systems used in.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1-17, are suitable for providing cold air (wherein the air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C). Provided for use in residential air conditioning systems for windows used in.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1-17, are suitable for providing cold air (wherein the air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C). provided for use in portable residential air conditioning systems used in

The residential air conditioning systems described herein, including the residential air conditioning systems of the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably include an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The evaporator and condenser can be round tube plate fins, fin tubes, or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor may be reciprocating, or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressor. The expansion valve can be a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. Refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably 0
It is within the range of 10°C to 10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of 40°C to 70°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, can be used in winter when heated air (the air is
For example, it is provided for use in residential heat pump systems used to supply buildings with temperatures of about 18° C. to about 24° C., in particular about 21° C. This can be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but in heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed and
The indoor coil becomes the condenser and the outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-split heat pump systems. The evaporator and condenser are typically round tube plate fins, finned, or microchannel heat exchangers. Compressors are typically reciprocating, or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressors. The expansion valve is typically a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably
Within the range of about -20 to about 3°C or about -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably about 3
It is within the range of 5°C to about 50°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, are used to supply cold water (for example with a temperature of about 7° C.) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Provided for use in a commercial air conditioning system, which may be a cooler. Depending on the purpose,
The chiller system can operate all year round. The cooler system may be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled coolers typically have plate, tube-in-tube, or shell-in-tube evaporators, reciprocating or scroll compressors, and round tube plate fins to exchange heat with ambient air. , fin-tube, or microchannel condenser, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. Water-cooled systems typically include shell-and-tube evaporators, reciprocating, scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors to supply chilled water, and heat from cooling towers or lakes, oceans, and other natural sources. shell-and-tube condenser for exchanging water,
and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably about 0°C to about 10°C.
within the range of ℃. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, can be used to heat water for underfloor heating or similar applications in the winter (where the water has a temperature of, for example, about 50°C or about 55°C). for use in residential air-water heat pump hydronic systems used to supply buildings with air-to-water heat pumps. Hot water systems typically include round tube plate fins, fin tubes, or microchannel evaporators for exchanging heat with ambient air, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressors, plates for heating the water, It has a tube-in-tube or shell-and-tube condenser and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C or -30°C to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 17, preferably have a refrigerant of about -12
Medium temperature refrigeration systems having an evaporation temperature in the range of 0°C to about 0°C, wherein the refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C or about 20°C to about 70°C. provided for use in a medium temperature refrigeration system having a

Accordingly, the present invention provides a medium temperature refrigeration system used for cooling food or beverages, such as a refrigerator or bottle cooler, in which the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C. , in such systems, the refrigerant is preferably between about 40°C and about 7°C.
A medium temperature refrigeration system is provided having a condensing temperature within the range of 0°C or about 20°C to about 70°C.

A mesotemperature system of the invention comprising a system as described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably comprises an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating, for example for cooling food or beverages contained therein;
Scroll, screw, or rotary compressors, air for exchanging heat with ambient air.
It has a refrigerant condenser and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, and the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about Provided for use in low temperature refrigeration systems having a condensing temperature of 70°C or within the range of about 20 to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides that the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C; A low temperature refrigeration system used to provide refrigeration in a freezer has a condensing temperature of .

Accordingly, the present invention also provides that the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C; Provides a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide cooling in cream machines, having a condensing temperature within.

The cryogenic system of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor for cooling food or beverages, transferring heat to the surroundings. It has an air-refrigerant condenser for air exchange and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.

The invention therefore provides the use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition of the invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and the heat transfer composition is BHT. further comprising: the AN5 is provided in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is provided in an amount of about 0.0% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant.
01% to about 5% by weight.

The invention therefore provides the use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition of the invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, wherein the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT;
is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition;
Uses are provided in which the BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

For purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, has an evaporation temperature ranging from about 0°C to about 10°C and from about 40°C to about 70°C. for use in a cooler having a condensing temperature in the range of . The cooler is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, preferably for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, especially an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler (either modular or singly packaged in a conventional manner).

The invention therefore provides the use of each heat transfer composition according to the invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning, comprising:
the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, the AN5 is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential air conditioning, industrial air conditioning or commercial air conditioning, comprising:
the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, and the AN5 is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. , the BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Each heat transfer composition according to the invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, comprises a refrigerant R-
Offered as a low global warming (GWP) replacement for 410A.

Each heat transfer composition according to the invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 17, comprises a refrigerant R-
Offered as a low global warming (GWP) retrofit of the 410A.

Therefore, the present invention can be designed for R-410A refrigerant without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems, and in particular without changing condensers, evaporators, and/or expansion valves. and methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer systems containing the same.

Therefore, the present invention also provides a suitable alternative for R-410A, especially in residential air conditioning refrigerants, without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems, especially in condensers, Also included are methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer compositions of the present invention without modification of the evaporator and/or expansion valve.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes methods of using the refrigerants or heat transfer compositions of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes methods of using the refrigerants or heat transfer compositions of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in chiller systems.

Accordingly, a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system containing R-410A refrigerant, comprising replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer system of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17. A method is provided that includes replacing the delivery composition.

The replacement step preferably involves at least a substantial replacement of the existing refrigerant (which may be, but is not limited to, R-410A) without any substantial modification of the system to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention. and introducing a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17. Preferably, the method uses at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 7% by weight.
This includes removing 5% by weight of R-410A from the system and replacing it with the heat transfer composition of the present invention.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R410A refrigerant, and the system Modified for use with communication compositions.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used as a replacement in heat transfer systems that are designed to contain or are suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant.

The present invention provides R-4 heat transfer compositions of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-17.
10A, or used in methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer systems, or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant as described herein. It will be understood that it may be used in a heat transfer system.

When the heat transfer composition is provided for use in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system as described above, the method preferably includes removing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant from the system. Those skilled in the art will understand that this includes: Preferably, the method includes at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50% by weight of R-410A.
%, or about 75% by weight, from the system and adding it to Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17.
and a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of the following.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used as a replacement in systems used or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, such as existing or new heat transfer systems.

Compositions of the present invention exhibit many of the desirable properties of R-410A, but have a GWP that is substantially lower than R-410A, while at the same time being substantially similar to or substantially less than R-410A. and more preferably have equally high or higher operating characteristics, i.e. capacity and/or efficiency (COP). This allows for example condensers, evaporators and/or
Alternatively, the claimed composition can replace R-410A in existing heat transfer systems without requiring any major system changes to the expansion valve. Therefore, the composition can be used as a direct replacement for R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics when compared to R-410A, such that the efficiency of the composition (COP) in a heat transfer system is greater than 90% of the efficiency of R-410A.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics compared to R-410A, with a capacity in a heat transfer system of 95-105% of the capacity of R-410A.

It will be appreciated that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. Therefore, in order to make the claimed compositions compatible with the operating characteristics of R-410A, heat transfer compositions 1-17
It is desirable that any of the refrigerants included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the above, exhibit a low level of glide. Accordingly, the refrigerant included in the heat transfer compositions of the invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 17 according to the invention described herein, evaporates below 2°C, preferably below 1.5°C. can provide a gradient.

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably has a composition efficiency in a heat transfer system (COP) of 100-102% of the efficiency of R-410A, and a heat transfer composition as compared to R-410A. It exhibits operating characteristics where the capacity in the system is 92-102% of the capacity of R-410A.

Preferably, in a heat transfer system in which the composition of the present invention replaces R-410A refrigerant, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits the following operating characteristics compared to R-410A:
- the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 100-105% of the efficiency of R-410A, and/or - the capacity is 92-102% of the capacity of R-410A.

In heat transfer systems in which the compositions of the present invention are used to replace R-410A refrigerants, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention may be used to replace R-410A refrigerants.
It is preferred that it additionally exhibits the following properties compared to:
- The discharge temperature is not more than 10°C higher than the discharge temperature of R-410A, and/or - The compressor pressure ratio is 98-102% of the R-410A compressor pressure ratio. is preferable,

Existing heat transfer compositions used to replace R-410A are preferably used in air conditioning heat transfer systems, including both mobile and stationary air conditioning systems. As used herein, the term mobile air conditioning system refers to trucks, buses,
and mobile non-passenger vehicle air conditioning systems, such as train air conditioning systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17,
- mobile air conditioning systems, including in particular truck, bus and train air conditioning systems;
air conditioning system,
- Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or conventionally single-packed);
- residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems;
- Residential heat pumps,
- Residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems;
- industrial air conditioning systems, and - commercial air conditioning systems, especially packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (V
RF) system,
- Can be used to replace R-410A in any one of commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are alternatively provided to replace R410A in refrigeration systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17,
- cryogenic refrigeration system,
- Medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- Commercial freezers;
- Ice machine,
- Vending machines,
- transport refrigeration systems,
- home freezers,
- Home refrigerator,
- industrial freezers,
- It can be used to replace R10A in any one of the following: - industrial refrigerators, and - coolers.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly useful in residential air conditioning systems (for cooling, within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, especially about 7°C). ℃
, and/or for heating within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C or 30°C to about 5°C, especially about 0°C.
．． with an evaporator temperature of 5°C) to replace R-410A. Alternatively or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, may be particularly suitable for reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotor), or scroll compression Provided to replace R-410A in residential air conditioning systems with

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly suitable for use in air-cooled coolers (within the range of about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 4.5°C). evaporator temperature), specifically to replace R-410A in air-cooled coolers with positive displacement compressors, and more specifically in air-cooled coolers with reciprocating scroll compressors. Ru.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly suitable for use in residential air-water heat pump hydronic systems (in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C or R- in the range of about -30°C to about 5°C, especially with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C)
Provided to replace 410A.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly effective at an evaporator temperature (within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C, especially about -8°C). provided to replace R-410A in medium temperature refrigeration systems.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, is particularly suitable for (within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, particularly from about -40°C to about - (with an evaporator temperature of 23°C, or preferably about -32°C) to replace R-410A in low temperature refrigeration systems.

Accordingly, a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to contain or containing R-410A refrigerant or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, comprising A method is provided that includes replacing at least a portion of the refrigerant with a heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17.

Accordingly, a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R-410A refrigerant or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: A method is provided that includes replacing at least a portion of the 410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17.

The present invention provides a heat transfer system including a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication, wherein a heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-17, is used within the system. Further provided is a system comprising:

In particular, the heat transfer system may include a residential air conditioning system (within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C for cooling, especially about 7°C, and/or about -20°C to about 3°C or about -30°C for heating).
to about 5°C, particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C).

In particular, the heat transfer system may include an air-cooled cooler (within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, especially about 4.5°C).
0 C), in particular an air-cooled cooler with a positive displacement compressor, more specifically an air-cooled cooler with a reciprocating or scroll compressor.

In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump hot water circulation system (approximately -2
with an evaporator temperature in the range of 0°C to about 3°C or about -30°C to about 5°C, especially about 0.5°C)
It is.

The heat transfer system is a refrigeration system, such as a low temperature refrigeration system, a medium temperature refrigeration system,
It can be a commercial refrigerator, a commercial freezer, an ice maker, a vending machine, a transportation refrigeration system, a domestic freezer, a domestic refrigerator, an industrial freezer, and a cooler.

The refrigerant compositions identified in Table 2 below as refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are refrigerants within the scope of the invention as described herein. Each of the refrigerants was subjected to thermodynamic analysis to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems.
An analysis was performed using experimental data collected on the properties of various binary pairs of ingredients used in the composition. In a series of binary pairs containing each of HFC-32 and R125, C
The vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior of F ₃ I was measured and investigated. In the experimental evaluation, the composition of each binary pair was varied over a series of relative percentages, and the mixing parameters of each binary pair were regressed on the experimentally obtained data. In an example, the National Institute of Sc.
ience and Technology (NIST) Reference Flu
id Thermodynamic and Transport Property
s Database software (Refprop 9.1 NIST Standa
Binary pair HFC-32 and HFC available at rd Database 2013)
-125 vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior data were used. The parameters chosen to perform the analysis were the same compressor volume for all refrigerants, the same operating conditions for all refrigerants, and the same compressor adiabatic efficiency and volumetric efficiency for all refrigerants. In each example, simulations were performed using measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Simulation results will be reported for each example.

Refrigerant A1 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2;
Nonflammable. Refrigerant A1 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages,
Nonflammable. Refrigerant A2 contains 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 is listed in Table 2 in relative percentages of 3
It consists of two compounds and is nonflammable.

Example 1 - Environment/GWP
LCCPs were determined for R410, other known refrigerants, and the refrigerant of the present invention and are reported in Table 3. In Table 3, the refrigerant having a GWP of 400 is the refrigerant of the present invention. Known refrigerants with GWPs of 1, 150, 250, 750, and 2088 were used. GW
A known refrigerant where P is 2088 is R410A.

Table 3 shows the LCCP results in four regions: US, EU, China, and Brazil. As GWP decreases, direct emissions become smaller. However, the lower system efficiency consumes more energy and increases indirect emissions. Therefore, the total emissions (kg-CO _2eq ) initially decrease and then increase as the GWP decreases. Different energy structures within these regions result in the lowest total emissions, the optimal G
The value of WP is shown. The number of AC units also differs between these regions. That is, U
SA and EU have more AC units than China and Brazil. The last column of Figure 1 and Table 3 shows the total emissions considering all four areas and the total number of AC units. As the GWP decreases, the total emissions decrease until reaching the lowest value for the refrigerant of the present invention, which has a GWP of 400. In the GWP range of 250-750, the total emissions are very similar. However, total emissions increase significantly when GWP is less than 150, as indirect emissions increase significantly. The present invention therefore demonstrates surprising and unexpected results.

Example 2A - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)
Residential air conditioning systems are used to supply cold air (26.7° C.) to buildings during the summer. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 4 below. Operating conditions are as follows:
Condensing temperature = 46°C, condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, evaporation temperature = 7°C, evaporator superheating = 5.5°C,
Isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the intake line = 5.5°C
.

Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential air conditioning system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit 92% or more capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 2B. - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)
A POE lubricant is included in the system containing an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (about 0% based on the weight of the lubricant). A residential air conditioning system stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of .05 to 0.5% by weight was configured to supply cold air according to Example 2A. When a system thus constructed is operated continuously over an extended period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation, it is found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 3A - Residential heat pump system (heating)
Residential heat pump systems are used to supply warm air (21.1° C.) to buildings during winter. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 5 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 41 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, in the intake line temperature rise = 5.5°C.

Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential heat pump system compared to the R410A system. The capacity of refrigerant A1 can be restored with a larger compressor. Refrigerant A2-A
3 shows more than 90% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 are 10% lower than R410A.
Indicates a pressure ratio of 0%. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and R41
No need to change to 0A compressor.

Example 3B. - Residential heat pump system (heating)
A POE lubricant is included in the system containing an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (about 0% based on the weight of the lubricant). A heat pump system stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of .05 to 0.5% by weight is constructed according to Example 3A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 4A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller A commercial air conditioning system (chiller) supplies chilled water (7°C) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals.
) used to supply. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of the commercial air conditioning system described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 6 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 4.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, in the intake line temperature rise = 2°C.

Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of the commercial air conditioning system compared to the R410A system.
Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit 92% or more capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. this is,
Indicates that system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 4B. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller A POE lubricant is included in the system and includes an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant). A commercial air conditioner stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight by weight is constructed according to Example 4A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 5A - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hydronic System A residential air-water heat pump hydronic system is used to supply hot water (50° C.) to a building during the winter for underfloor heating or similar applications. be done. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a residential heat pump system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 7 below. The operating conditions are as follows: condensing temperature = 60°C, condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, evaporation temperature = 0.5°C, evaporator superheating = 5.5°C, isotropic efficiency = 7
0%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the intake line = 2°C.

Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential heat pump system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a capacity and efficiency of 93% or more compared to R410A.
This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerant A1-A2 is R41
Shows a pressure ratio of 100% compared to 0A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 5B. - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System A POE lubricant is included in the system, comprising an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention ( A residential air-water heat pump hydronic system stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant is constructed according to Example 5A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 6A - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of a medium temperature refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 8 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature =
40.6°C, condenser subcooling = 0°C (system with receiver), evaporation temperature = -6.7
°C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, and
Degree of superheat in the suction line = 19.5°C.

Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of the medium temperature cooling system compared to the R410A system.
Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit greater than 94% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A2 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 6B. Medium Temperature Refrigeration System A medium temperature refrigeration system is configured to cool food or beverages in refrigerators and bottle coolers, etc., wherein a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (approximately 6 % to about 10%) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). Construct according to Example 6A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 7A - Low Temperature Refrigeration System Low temperature refrigeration systems are used in ice cream machines, freezers, etc. to freeze food products. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of the cryogenic refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 9 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature = 40.6 °C, condenser subcooling = 0 °C (system with receiver), evaporation temperature = -28
．． 9°C, superheat at the evaporator outlet = 5.5°C, isentropic efficiency = 65%, volumetric efficiency: 100% and superheat at the suction line = 44.4°C.

Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of the cryogenic refrigeration system compared to the R410A system.
Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit greater than 96% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 99% or 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 7B. Low Temperature Refrigeration System A low temperature refrigeration system is configured to freeze food products, such as in ice cream machines and freezers, wherein a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene (
AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) A low temperature refrigeration system is constructed according to Example 7A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Packaged Rooftops Packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning systems configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building are tested. The experimental system is a packaged rooftop air conditioner/
It includes a heat pump system and has an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions for the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = approx. 46℃ (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = approx. 45℃)
2. Condenser supercooling = approx. 5.5℃
3. Evaporation temperature = approximately 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5℃
5. Insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5℃
It can be seen that the performance with each of the refrigerants A1-A3 is acceptable.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Packaged Rooftops A POE lubricant is included in the system, comprising an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (lubricating A packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning system stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the agent was used to supply cold or hot air to a building according to Example 8A. Configure. When a system thus constructed is operated continuously over an extended period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation, it is found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 9A. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Test commercial air conditioning systems that use variable refrigerant flow configured to provide cooled or heated air to a building. The experimental system consists of multiple (four or more) air-refrigerant evaporators (
(indoor coil), compressor, air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions for the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = about 46℃, corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 45℃
2. Condenser supercooling = approx. 5.5℃
3. Evaporation temperature = approximately 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5℃
5. Insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in the intake line = 5.5°C. It can be seen that the performance with each of the refrigerants A1-A3 is acceptable.

Example 9B. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Variable Flow Refrigerant A commercial air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow is configured to supply cold or hot air to a building, a POE lubricant is included in the system, and the alkylated naphthalene (lubricant AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). , a commercial air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow is configured according to Example 9A. When a system thus constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation, it was found that:
It was found that it remains stable during such actual operation.

Comparative Example 1 - Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant and BHT To simulate long-term stability of heat transfer compositions through accelerated aging, heat transfer compositions of the present invention were tested in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glas".
s Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stabilization
The property of Materials for Use within Refrigeration
rant Systems”. The test refrigerant was 41% by weight R-32,3
．． 5% by weight R-125, and 55.5% by weight CF3I) with 1.7% air by volume in the refrigerant. The POE lubricant tested had a viscosity of approximately 32 cSt at 40°C and
It was an ISO 32 POE (Lubricant A) with a water content of 00 ppm or less. A stabilizer BHT was included with the lubricant, but no alkylated naphthalenes or ADM were included.
After the test, observe the fluid for clarity and determine the total acid number (TAN). The TAN value is considered to reflect the stability of the lubricant in the fluid under the conditions of use in the heat transfer composition. The fluid is also tested for the presence of trifluoromethane (R-23), a compound CF3I
It is considered to be a product of the destruction of refrigerant and is therefore considered to reflect refrigerant stability.

Experiments are performed by preparing sealed tubes containing 50% by weight R-466a refrigerant and 50% by weight of the specified lubricant, each degassed. Each tube includes steel, copper, aluminum, and bronze coupons. The sealed tube was placed in a furnace maintained at approximately 175°C for 14 hours.
Test stability by placing for days. The results were as follows:
Appearance of lubricant - yellow to brown TAN ->2mgKOH/g
R-23->1% by weight

Example 10 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 2% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results (designated E10) are reported in Table 10 below, along with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1).

As can be seen from the above data, refrigerant/lubricant fluids without alkylnaphthalene stabilizers according to the present invention exhibit a less than ideal appearance and relatively high TAN and R-23 values.
This result is achieved despite the inclusion of BHT stabilizers. In contrast, the addition of 2% alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention resulted in dramatic and unexpected improvements in all tested stability results, including dramatic orders of magnitude improvements in both TAN and R-23 concentrations. results in improvements.

Example 11 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 4% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to those of Example 10.

Example 12 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 6% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to Example 10.

Example 13 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 8% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to those of Example 10.

Example 14 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results (designated E14) are reported in Table 11 below, along with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1) and Example 10 (designated E10).

As can be seen from the data above, refrigerant/lubricant fluids containing 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizers (and without ADM) compared to fluids with 2% AN levels for each criterion tested. unexpectedly exhibits a substantial deterioration in stabilization performance with respect to

Example 15 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant 10% by weight alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant added plus 1000 ppm by weight (0.1 The test of Example 14 is repeated, except that % by weight) of ADM (ADM4) is also added. The results (designated E15) are reported in Table 12 below, along with the results obtained from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1), Example 10 (designated E10), and Example 14 (designated E14).

As can be seen from the above data, the refrigerant/lubricant fluid containing 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and 0.1% by weight (1000 ppm) ADM unexpectedly exhibited the best performance and R-23 value. is even better than the excellent results obtained from Example 10.

Example 16 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant The lubricant was prepared in an ISO 74 POE (Lubricant B) having a viscosity of about 74 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated with the following exceptions. The results were as follows:
Appearance of lubricant - Clear to slightly yellow TAN - <0.1mgKOH/g
R-23-<0.05% by weight

Example 17 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant The lubricant is an ISO 68 PVE (lubricant c) having a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated with one exception.
The results were as follows:
Appearance of lubricant - Transparent and clear TAN - <0.1mgKOH/g
R-23-0.028% by weight

Example 18 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant The lubricant is an ISO 32 PVE (lubricant c) having a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated with the following exceptions. The results were similar to those of Example 17.

Example 19 - Miscibility with POE Oil The miscibility of ISO POE-32 oil (having a viscosity of approximately 32 cSt at a temperature of 40° C.) was determined for R-410A refrigerant as well as in Table 1 of Example 1 above. For each of the refrigerants A1 and A3 shown, various weight ratios of lubricant and refrigerant and various temperatures are tested.
The results of this test are reported in Table 11 below.

As can be seen from the table above, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil below about -22°C and therefore, unless measures are taken to overcome the buildup of POE oil in the evaporator, R-410A
0A cannot be used for low temperature refrigeration applications. Furthermore, R-410A has a PO temperature above 50°C.
It is immiscible with E oil, which can cause problems in condensers and delivery lines (e.g., separated POE oil gets trapped and deposits) when using R-410A at high ambient conditions. Become. On the contrary, Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that the refrigerant of the present invention
It has been found that it is fully miscible with POE oil over a temperature range of -40°C to 80°C, thus offering substantial and unexpected advantages when used in such systems.

Numbered Embodiments The invention is further illustrated by the following numbered embodiments. The subject matter of the numbered embodiments may be further combined with one or more subject matter of the specification or claims.

Numbered embodiment 1. A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages: 39-45% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF
3I) A heat transfer composition, wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene.

Numbered embodiment 2. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10%.

Numbered embodiment 3. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 10%.

Numbered embodiment 4. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 8%.

Numbered embodiment 5. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 6%.

Numbered embodiment 6. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 5%.

Numbered embodiment 7. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-6, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
41% ± 1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
3.5% ± 0.5% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 55.5% ± 0.5% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I).

Numbered embodiment 8. The alkylated naphthalene is AN1, or AN2, or AN
3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10.

Numbered embodiment 9. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5.

Numbered embodiment 10. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5.

Numbered embodiment 11. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN5.

Numbered embodiment 12. The heat transfer composition of any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10.

Numbered Embodiment 13 The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10.

Numbered embodiment 14. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN10.

Numbered embodiment 15. Numbered Embodiments 1-1, wherein the stabilizer further comprises ADM
4. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 4.

Numbered embodiment 16. Numbered embodiments 1-15, wherein the ADM includes ADM4
The heat transfer composition according to any one of.

Numbered embodiment 17. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-15, wherein the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

Numbered embodiment 18. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-15, wherein the ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4.

Numbered embodiment 19. The stabilizer is stabilizer 1, stabilizer 2, stabilizer 3, stabilizer 4,
Stabilizer 5, Stabilizer 6, Stabilizer 7, Stabilizer 8, Stabilizer 9, Stabilizer 10, Stabilizer 11, Stabilizer 12, Stabilizer 13, Stabilizer 14, Stabilizer 15, Stabilizer 16, Stabilizer 17, stabilizer 18, stabilizer 19, stabilizer 20. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-9.

Numbered embodiment 20. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises POE.

Numbered embodiment 21. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE.

Numbered embodiment 22. Numbered Embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises POE
The heat transfer composition according to any one of.

Numbered embodiment 23. Numbered Embodiments 1-22, wherein the lubricant comprises Lubricant 1
The heat transfer composition according to any one of.

Numbered embodiment 24. A heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-22, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of Lubricant 1.

Numbered embodiment 25. Numbered Embodiments 1-2, wherein the lubricant comprises Lubricant 1
2. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 2.

Numbered Embodiment 26. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE.

Numbered embodiment 27. The heat transfer composition according to any of numbered embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of PVE.

Numbered embodiment 28. Numbered Embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE
The heat transfer composition according to any one of.

Numbered embodiment 29. Numbered Embodiment 1 further comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives.
29. The heat transfer composition according to any one of .

Numbered embodiment 30. The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiments 1-29, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Numbered embodiment 31. The heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-30, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound and/or a nitrogen compound.

Numbered embodiment 32. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00
7A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019, and KR-005
The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-8 and 15-31, wherein the heat transfer composition is one or more of FG.

Numbered embodiment 33. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00
7A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG.

Numbered embodiment 34. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00
8 and the heat transfer composition according to any one of 1-33.

Numbered embodiment 35. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-34, wherein the stabilizer comprises a phenolic compound selected from: 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert). -butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t
ert-butylphenol); 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol containing 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);
4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol));2,2'-isobutylidene bis(4,6-
dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-
Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2
,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol);4,
4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-
6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert
-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-
tert-butyl-4,4'-methylene diphenol, and t-butylhydroquinone.

Numbered Embodiment 36. Numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the stabilizer comprises BHT
A heat transfer composition according to any one of .

Numbered embodiment 37. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT.

Numbered embodiment 38. Numbered Embodiment 30, wherein the phenol consists of BHT
35. The heat transfer composition according to any one of .

Numbered Embodiment 39. The phenol is present in an amount of greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.
The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiments 30-35, wherein the heat transfer composition is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount from 0.01% to about 1% by weight, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Numbered embodiment 40. The phenol contains greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 4%, more preferably 1% by weight.
The heat transfer composition of numbered embodiments 30-35, wherein the heat transfer composition is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount of ˜4% by weight, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Numbered embodiment 41. A heat transfer system comprising a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other and a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-40.

Numbered embodiment 42. further comprising a sequestering material, the sequestering material comprising i. copper or copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. Zeolite molecular sieves containing copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof; or iv. anion exchange resin, or v
．． a moisture removing material, preferably a moisture removing molecular sieve, or vi. 42. The heat transfer system of numbered embodiment 41, including a combination of two or more of the above.

Numbered embodiment 43. 43. The heat transfer system according to any one of numbered embodiments 41 and 42, which is a residential air conditioning system, or an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system.

Numbered embodiment 44. A method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) a refrigerant, optionally numbered embodiments 1-33;
condensing the heat transfer composition according to any one of
ii) evaporating the refrigerant in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;
A method of cooling, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within a range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

Numbered embodiment 45. A method of cooling in a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) a refrigerant, optionally numbered embodiments 1-33;
condensing the heat transfer composition according to any one of
ii) evaporating the composition;
A heating method, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within a range of about -30°C to about 5°C.

Numbered embodiment 46. Use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of the heat transfer compositions according to any of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, optionally for use in air conditioning.

Numbered embodiment 47. a commercial air conditioning system, where the use in air conditioning is a residential air conditioning system, an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a rooftop system;
or in a commercial air conditioning system that is a variable refrigerant flow system, or in a commercial air conditioning system that is a chiller system, or in a transportation air conditioning system, or in a stationary air conditioning system.

Numbered embodiment 48. mobile heat pumps, or positive displacement coolers, air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers, or residential heat pumps, residential air-water heat pumps/hydronic systems, or commercial air-source, water-source, or geothermal-source heat pump systems; or refrigeration. system, low temperature refrigeration system, or medium temperature refrigeration system, or commercial refrigerator, or commercial freezer, or ice cream machine, or transport refrigeration system, or domestic freezer, or domestic refrigerator, or industrial freezer, or industrial refrigerator; or the use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of the heat transfer compositions according to any of the numbered embodiments 1 to 33, optionally for use in a cooler.

Numbered embodiment 49. Where the use in air conditioning is in residential air conditioning systems with reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary vane) or scroll compressors, or in split residential air conditioning systems, or in ducted residential air conditioning systems, or in window 47. Use of the heat transfer composition of numbered embodiment 46 selected from use in a commercial residential air conditioning system, or a portable residential air conditioning system, or a medium temperature refrigeration system.

Numbered embodiment 50. Use of a heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-33 for use as a replacement for R410A.

Numbered embodiment 51. A method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system designed to contain or containing R-410A refrigerant or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising: A method comprising replacing, at least in part, a heat transfer composition as described in numbered embodiments 1-33.

Numbered embodiment 52. Numbered embodiments, wherein use of the heat transfer compositions of numbered embodiments 1-33 to replace R410A does not require modification of the condenser, evaporator, and/or expansion valve in the heat transfer system. 51.

Numbered embodiment 53. A commercial air conditioning system, or a variable refrigerant, wherein the use of the heat transfer composition according to embodiments 1-33 is a chiller system, or a residential air conditioning system, or an industrial air conditioning system, or a commercial air conditioning system, or a rooftop system. 52. The method of numbered embodiment 51 is provided as a replacement for R-410A in a commercial air conditioning system that is a flow system or a commercial air conditioning system that is a chiller system.

Numbered embodiment 54. A method according to numbered embodiments 51-53, comprising removing at least about 5% by weight of R-410A from the system and replacing it with a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-33.

Numbered embodiment 54. A method according to numbered embodiments 51-53, comprising removing at least about 5% by weight of R-410A from the system and replacing it with a heat transfer composition according to numbered embodiments 1-33.
The present invention includes the following aspects.
[1]
A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1 to 4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and
51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
The lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene comprises the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.
[2]
The heat transfer composition of [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.
[3]
The heat transfer composition of [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.
[4]
The heat transfer composition of [1], wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.
[5]
The heat transfer composition according to [4], wherein the lubricant is a PVE lubricant.
[6]
The heat transfer composition according to [4], wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid removal moiety (ADM).
[7]
[6], wherein the stabilizer comprises about 40% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. Heat transfer composition.
[8]
The heat transfer composition according to [7], wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5.
[9]
The heat transfer composition according to [8], wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10.
[10]
The heat transfer composition according to [9], wherein the stabilizer further includes phenol.
[11]
The heat transfer composition according to [10], wherein the phenol includes BHT and the ADM includes ADM4.
[12]
The heat transfer composition of [11], wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.
[13]
The heat transfer composition according to [10], wherein the lubricant is POE.
[14]
the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445 and about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 [10 The heat transfer composition described in ].
[15]
The heat transfer composition of [10], wherein the lubricant is neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40° C. of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt, measured according to ASTM D445.

Claims (15)

A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of the following three compounds, each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
39-45% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
1-4% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 51-57% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I),
The lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene comprises the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. 1% by weight based on the weight of
A heat transfer composition present in said composition in an amount less than 0% by weight. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. 5. The heat transfer composition of claim 4, wherein the lubricant is a PVE lubricant. 5. The heat transfer composition of claim 4, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid removal moiety (ADM). 7. The stabilizer of claim 6, wherein the stabilizer comprises about 40% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. Heat transfer composition. 8. The heat transfer composition of claim 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5. 9. The heat transfer composition of claim 8, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 9, wherein the stabilizer further comprises phenol. 11. The heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the phenol comprises BHT and the ADM comprises ADM4. 12. The heat transfer composition of claim 11, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. 11. The heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the lubricant is POE. The lubricant has a viscosity of about 30 cS at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445.
t ~ about 70 cSt and has a viscosity of about 5 as measured at 100° C. according to ASTM D445.
The heat transfer composition of claim 10, which is a neopentyl POE having a cSt to about 10 cSt. The lubricant has a viscosity of about 30 cS at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445.
11. The heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the heat transfer composition is a neopentyl POE with a t~about 70 cSt.