JP7268568B2 - 複合部材の製造方法、及び複合部材 - Google Patents
複合部材の製造方法、及び複合部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7268568B2 JP7268568B2 JP2019186847A JP2019186847A JP7268568B2 JP 7268568 B2 JP7268568 B2 JP 7268568B2 JP 2019186847 A JP2019186847 A JP 2019186847A JP 2019186847 A JP2019186847 A JP 2019186847A JP 7268568 B2 JP7268568 B2 JP 7268568B2
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fiber
- blasting
- reinforced resin
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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Landscapes
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Description
図1は、実施形態に係る複合部材1を示す斜視図である。図1に示されるように、複合部材1は、複数の部材が接合により一体化された部材である。例えば、複合部材1は、繊維強化樹脂部材と、繊維強化樹脂部材に対する異種部材とを接合させた部材である。繊維強化樹脂部材に対する異種部材とは、熱膨張率、熱伝達率、強度などが繊維強化樹脂部材に対して異なる性質を有する材料で形成された部材である。複合部材1は、後述のとおり衝撃吸収性能を有する。
複合部材1の製造方法に用いる装置概要を説明する。最初に、アルミ部材2の表面にブラスト加工を行う装置を説明する。ブラスト加工装置は、重力式(吸引式)のエアブラスト装置、直圧式(加圧式)のエアブラスト装置、遠心式のブラスト装置、等何れのタイプを用いてもよい。本実施形態に係る製造方法は、一例として、いわゆる直圧式(加圧式)のエアブラスト装置を用いる。図3は、複合部材1の製造方法に用いるブラスト加工装置10の概念図である。ブラスト加工装置10は、処理室11、噴射ノズル12、貯留タンク13、加圧室14、圧縮気体供給機15及び集塵機(不図示)を備える。
上記実施形態に係るアルミ部材2及び繊維強化樹脂部材3として、板状部材を例として示したが、形状に限定されることはなく、互いに接触可能なあらゆる形状を採用できる。上記実施形態に係る繊維強化樹脂部材3は、アルミ部材2の表面の一部に接触していたが、アルミ部材2の表面全てに接触していてもよい。
アルミ部材2と繊維強化樹脂部材3との接合は、超音波接合であってもよい。超音波接合では、成形機は、アルミ部材2及び繊維強化樹脂部材3の少なくとも一方を超音波振動させてアルミ部材2と繊維強化樹脂部材3とを接合させてもよい。超音波接合では、アルミ部材2と繊維強化樹脂部材3との接合箇所のみが加熱されるので、アルミ部材2及び繊維強化樹脂部材3の熱膨張率の差による接合後の複合部材1の反りの発生を抑えることができる。
最初にブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行する前のアルミ部材2の酸化被膜の膜厚を計測した。「オージェ電子分光法(AES:Auger electron spectroscopy)」を用いてアルミ酸化皮膜の深さ方向分析を行った。酸化物/金属の界面付近では酸化物と金属成分が同時に検出されるためにこれらをスペクトル合成法によって分離して、酸化被膜の膜厚を求めた。酸化被膜の膜厚は72nmであった。次に、図3~図5に示されるブラスト加工装置を用いてブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行後、アルミ部材2の酸化被膜の膜厚を計測した。砥粒の中心粒径が600μm~710 μmの噴射材を用いた場合、酸化被膜の膜厚は13 nmであった。砥粒の中心粒径が41 μm~50 μmの噴射材(最大粒子径127 μm以下、平均粒子径57μm ± 3 μm)を用いた場合、酸化被膜の膜厚は9 nmであった。このため、少なくとも710 μm以下の噴射材を用いることで、アルミ部材2の表面2aの酸化被膜を除去できることが確認された。
図3~図5に示されるブラスト加工装置を用いてブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行した。アルミ部材は、アルミニウム板(JIS(Japanese Industrial Standards):A5052)を用いた。ブラスト加工には、材料がアルミナ、砥粒中心粒径が106μm~125μmの噴射材を用いた。ブラスト圧は1.0 MPaとした。ブラスト加工工程後に、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM:FieldEmission Scanning Electron Microscope)を用いて表面観察した。
[実施例:表面処理品]
図3~図5に示されるブラスト加工装置を用いてブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行した。アルミ部材は、アルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。ブラスト加工には、材料がアルミナ、砥粒中心粒径が106μm~125μmの噴射材を用いた。ブラスト圧は1.0 MPaとした。続いて、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行した。ブラスト加工されたアルミニウム板を90℃の純水に5分間浸漬させた。
[比較例:未処理品]
ブラスト加工工程(S12)および表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行していないアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)とした。
表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行したアルミ部材2の表面炭素濃度と、未処理品の表面炭素濃度とを計測し、比較した。計測にはX線光電子分光法(XPS:X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy)を用いた。その結果、未処理品の表面炭素濃度は40 at%であったのに対して、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行したアルミ部材2の表面炭素濃度は8at%となった。このように、水熱処理の二次的効果として洗浄効果があることが確認された。
実施例1及び比較例1~4を用意してせん断強度を確認した。
[実施例1]
図3~図5に示されるブラスト加工装置を用いてブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行した。アルミ部材は、アルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。ブラスト加工には、材料がアルミナ、砥粒中心粒径が106μm~125μmの噴射材を用いた。ブラスト圧は1.0 MPaとした。続いて、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行した。ブラスト加工されたアルミニウム板を90℃の純水に5分間浸漬させた。続いて、接合工程(S16)を実行した。図6及び図7に示される金型20を用いて、アルミ部材2に繊維強化樹脂部材3を接合させた。繊維強化樹脂部材3は、CFRTPを用いた。繊維強化樹脂部材3は、縦、横、厚さが10mm×45 mm×3.0 mmとなるように設定した。プレス成形の保持時(型閉じ時)において、金型温度は220 ℃、保持圧力は5MPa、保持時間は300 sとした。アルミ部材2と繊維強化樹脂部材3との重なりは5mmとした。
[比較例1~4]
比較例1は、アルミ部材として、ブラスト加工工程(S12)、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行していないアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。このアルミ部材とCFRTPとを接合させた部材を比較例1とした。
比較例2は、アルミ部材として、ブラスト加工工程(S12)、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行していないアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。このアルミ部材とCFRTPとを接着剤により接合させた部材を比較例2とした。接着剤は、第2世代アクリル系接着剤(SGA)工業用を用いた。
比較例3は、アルミ部材として、ブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行せず、実施例1と同一の表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行したアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。接合工程(S16)は実施例1と同一とした。
比較例4は、アルミ部材として、実施例1と同一のブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行し、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行していないアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)を用いた。接合工程(S16)は実施例1と同一とした。
上記条件で作成された実施例1及び比較例1~4のせん断強度を測定した。評価装置は、ISO 19095に準拠する試験方法で測定した。比較例1のせん断強度は、0MPaであり、比較例2のせん断強度は、10MPaであり、比較例3のせん断強度は、1MPaであり、比較例4のせん断強度は、10MPaであり、実施例1のせん断強度は、20MPaであった。
実施例2及び比較例5を用意して衝撃吸収性能を確認した。
[実施例2]
アルミ部材の一部に対して、繊維強化樹脂部材としてCFRTPを接合した。アルミ部材として、ハット型アルミ構造体を用いた。ハット型アルミ構造体は、アルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)により形成され、頂部の幅、奥行き、高さが33mm×300 mm×32 mmとなるように設定した。ハット型アルミ構造体の底部の幅は、65 mmとなるように設定した。ハット型アルミ構造体のうち、CFRTPが接合される部位に図3~図5に示されるブラスト加工装置を用いてブラスト加工工程(S12)を実行した。ブラスト加工には、材料がアルミナ、砥粒中心粒径が106μm~125μmの噴射材を用いた。ブラスト圧は1.0 MPaとした。続いて、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行した。ブラスト加工されたハット型アルミ構造体を90℃の純水に5分間浸漬させた。続いて、接合工程(S16)を実行した。図6及び図7に示される金型20を用いて、ハット型アルミ構造体に治具で当て物をした上でハット型アルミ構造体にCFRTPを接合させ、複合部材を成形した。プレス成形時において、金型温度は220℃、保持圧力は5MPa、保持時間は300 sとした。CFRTPの面積の割合は、ハット型アルミ構造体の内壁部も含めた全表面積に対して約5.1%であった。CFRTPの重量の割合は、ハット型アルミ構造体に対して約6.7%であった。
[比較例5]
比較例5は、アルミ部材として、ブラスト加工工程(S12)、表面水酸化工程(S14)を実行していないアルミニウム板(JIS:A5052)で形成されたハット型アルミ構造体を用いた。このハット型アルミ構造体とCFRTPとを接着剤により接合させた部材を比較例5とした。接着剤は、第2世代アクリル系接着剤(SGA)工業用を用いた。他の条件は実施例2と同一とした。
上記条件で作成された実施例2及び比較例5の衝撃吸収性能として、落錘衝撃試験機を用いて衝撃耐荷重及び衝撃吸収エネルギーを測定した。落錘衝撃試験機は、複合部材を支持する3点曲げ治具と、複合部材に衝撃を加えるドロップハンマーと、ドロップハンマーを案内するガイドポストとを備える。3点曲げ治具は、複合部材を支持する1対の支持台を有する。1対の支持台は、実施例2の複合部材及び比較例5の複合部材の奥行方向の両端部を支持する。3点曲げ治具の1対の支持台間の長さは、240mmである。ドロップハンマーの重量は、13.10 kgである。ドロップハンマーは、ガイドポストに沿って落下し、3点曲げ治具に支持された複合部材の奥行方向の中央に落下することで、複合部材を3点曲げする。ドロップハンマーが複合部材に当接する際の速度は、10m/sである。
Claims (5)
- アルミ部材と繊維強化樹脂部材とを接合した複合部材の製造方法であって、
前記アルミ部材の表面をブラスト加工するブラスト加工工程と、
前記ブラスト加工された前記アルミ部材の表面と水とを、熱及びプラズマの少なくとも一方を用いて反応させて、前記アルミ部材の表面をアルミ水酸化物に改質する表面水酸化工程と、
前記アルミ水酸化物に改質された前記アルミ部材の表面に前記繊維強化樹脂部材を直接接合する接合工程と、
を含み、
前記表面水酸化工程では、前記水により前記アルミ部材の表面を洗浄するとともに、前記アルミ部材の表面を前記アルミ水酸化物に改質する、
複合部材の製造方法。 - 前記アルミ水酸化物は、ダイアスポア、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、バイヤライト、ノルストランダイト、ギブサイト及びドイライトの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の複合部材の製造方法。
- 前記表面水酸化工程は、水熱処理、水蒸気処理、過熱水蒸気処理、液中プラズマ及び水を混入させた大気圧プラズマの何れか1つを用いて前記アルミ部材の表面と水とを反応させる、請求項1又は2に記載の複合部材の製造方法。
- 前記ブラスト加工工程で用いられる砥粒の粒子径は、30 μm~710 μmである、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の複合部材の製造方法。
- 前記接合工程は、プレス成形又は超音波接合により前記アルミ部材の表面に前記繊維強化樹脂部材を直接接合する、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の複合部材の製造方法。
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