JP7245497B2 - 環境浄化剤 - Google Patents
環境浄化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7245497B2 JP7245497B2 JP2018234088A JP2018234088A JP7245497B2 JP 7245497 B2 JP7245497 B2 JP 7245497B2 JP 2018234088 A JP2018234088 A JP 2018234088A JP 2018234088 A JP2018234088 A JP 2018234088A JP 7245497 B2 JP7245497 B2 JP 7245497B2
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- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYUKFAFDFHZKPI-DFWYDOINSA-N methyl (2s)-2-aminopropanoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)[C@H](C)N IYUKFAFDFHZKPI-DFWYDOINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYSNYCQLARBERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethane;toluene Chemical compound CS(C)=O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 IYSNYCQLARBERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006574 non-aromatic ring group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000005542 phthalazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005495 pyridazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012146 running buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Description
で表される基を示す。R4及びR5は同一又は異なったアミノ酸側鎖を示す。R6は水素原子、水酸基、アルデヒド基、カルボキシ基、又はカルボキシ誘導体基を示す。但し、R5及びR6は互いに結合してラクトン環を形成していてもよい。nは0又は1以上の整数を示す。]
で表される化合物、及び前記化合物を含有する細胞からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する、環境浄化剤。
一般式(1):
R1は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を示す。
R2は単結合又はリンカーを示す。
R3は単結合又は式(2):
で表される基を示す。
従来技術(特許文献2)では、R1-R2-R3-はアルキル基であるとされていたが、本発明者は、予想外にもアルキル基以外の基であっても、高い活性を有することを見出した。この観点からは、R1-R2-R3-としては、アルキル基以外の基が好ましい。中でも、R1がアルキルアラルキル基であること(さらにはR2及びR3が単結合であること)、或いはR3が前記式(2)で表される基であること(さらにはR1がアルキル基であり、R2が単結合であること)が好ましい。
R4及びR5は同一又は異なってアミノ酸側鎖を示す。また、R4が複数存在する場合、R4は各出現において独立してアミノ酸側鎖を示す。
R6は水素原子、水酸基、アルデヒド基、カルボキシ基、又はカルボキシ誘導体基を示す。
R5及びR6は互いに結合してラクトン環を形成していてもよい。
nは0又は1以上の整数を示す。
本発明の一態様において、一般式(1)で表される化合物としては、好ましくは一般式(1A):
で表される化合物が挙げられ、より好ましくは一般式(1B):
で表される化合物が挙げられ、より好ましくは一般式(1C):
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物には、立体異性体及び光学異性体が含まれ、これらは特に限定されるものではない。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、様々な方法で合成することができる。例えば、一般式(1)においてnが0である化合物(一般式(1A)で表される化合物)は、以下の反応式:
に従って又は準じて合成することができる。また、一般式(1)においてnが1以上である化合物についても、これに準じた方法で合成することができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、シトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼデコイ基質として機能する。このメカニズムは、限定的な解釈を望むものではないが、次のように考えられる。シトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼ(以下、単に、P450という。)の活性中心には、基質が結合する基質結合部位が存在する。基質が基質結合部位に結合すると、活性中心に存在する水分子が活性中心から押し出される。以下、この状態を活性化スイッチが入る、と呼ぶ。活性中心は、その後、電子や酸素分子等の作用を受けた後に、基質の水酸化を触媒する。したがって、活性化スイッチが入らないと、P450の触媒反応は開始しないと考えられている。なお、野生型のP450の基質としては、例えば、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸が知られている。これらの基質は、概して、基質結合部位に結合する末端構造と、アルキル鎖とを持つ。一般式(1)で表される化合物においては、P450の基質結合部位に結合可能な部位(-C(=O)-NH-CH2(-R5)-R6)と、基質のアルキル鎖に相当する部位(R1-R2-R3-)とを備える。一般式(1)で表される化合物は、これら2つの部位を備えるために、基質のかわりにP450の基質結合部位に結合できる。一方で、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、活性中心からは十分な距離を保つため、活性スイッチは入らない。炭化水素系基質、ダイオキシン類基質等の基質が、一般式(1)で表される化合物と活性中心の間に入り込むと、P450の構造変化により、活性中心近傍に存在する水分子が活性中心から押し出され、活性化スイッチが入る。これにより該基質が水酸化されると考えられる。
<アミノ酸のエステル保護>
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.44 (1H, br), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.17 (1H, quin), 2.08 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 1.47 (2H, s), 1.27-1.23 (13H, m), 0.85 (3H, t, J= 6.6 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 252.16 ([M+Na]+), 481.34 ([2M+Na]+), 503.32 ([2M-H+2Na]+), 710.49 ([3M+Na]+), 732.50 ([3M-H+2Na]+)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.66 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.28-7.17 (5H, m), 4.41 (1H, td, J = 9.1, 4.4 Hz), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 4.4 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 10.2 Hz), 2.02 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.37 (2H, quin, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.27-1.08 (8H, m), 0.85 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 314.18 ([M+Na]+), 605.37 ([2M+Na]+), 896.56 ([3M+Na]+), 918.54 ([3M-H+2Na]+)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.66 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.28-7.17 (5H, m), 4.42 (1H, td, J = 9.0, 4.2 Hz), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 4.4 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 10.2 Hz), 2.02 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.37 (2H, quin, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.29-1.10 (10H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J= 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 328.19 ([M+Na]+), 350.17 ([M-H+2Na]+), 633.40 ([2M+Na]+), 655.38 ([2M-H+2Na]+), 938.60 ([3M+Na]+), 960.58 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.66 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.28-7.17 (5H, m), 4.41 (1H, td, J = 9.0, 4.1 Hz), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 4.6 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.4, 10.0 Hz), 2.02 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.37 (2H, quin, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27-1.10 (12H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J= 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 342.21 ([M+Na]+), 364.19 ([M-H+2Na]+), 661.43 ([2M+Na]+), 683.41 ([2M-H+2Na]+), 980.65 ([3M+Na]+), 1002.63 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.66 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.28-7.17 (5H, m), 4.41 (1H, td, J = 8.9, 4.4 Hz), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 4.6 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 10.2 Hz), 2.02 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.41-1.33 (2H, quin, 7.1 Hz), 1.29-1.10 (14H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J = 6.6 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 356.23 ([M+Na]+), 378.23 ([M-H+2Na]+), 689.46 ([2M+Na]+), 711.44 ([2M-H+2Na]+), 1022.68 ([3M+Na]+), 1044.68 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.45 (1H, s), 8.02 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 4.20 (1H, td, J = 8.9, 5.0 Hz), 2.15-2.03 (2H, m), 1.67-1.57 (1H, m), 1.55-1.42 (4H, m), 1.29-1.23 (10H, m), 0.89-0.82 (9H, m). ESI-MS: m/z 294.21 ([M+Na]+), 565.44 ([2M+Na]+), 836.66 ([3M+Na]+), 858.64 ([3M-H+2Na]+), 1129.87 ([4M-H+2Na]+), 1151.85 ([4M-2H+3Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.56 (1H, s), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.29 (1H, td, J = 8.7, 4.6 Hz), 2.48-2.40 (2H, m), 2.10 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 1.97-1.89 (1H, m), 1.86-1.78 (1H, m), 1.51-1.44 (2H, m), 1.29-1.24 (10H, m), 0.85 (3H, t, J = 6.6 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 312.17 ([M+Na]+), 601.36 ([2M+Na]+), 890.53 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.65 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.28-7.17 (5H, m), 4.42 (1H, td, J = 9.0, 3.9 Hz), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 4.6 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 9.8 Hz), 2.02 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.37 (2H, quin, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27-1.10 (10H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J= 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 328.20 ([M+Na]+), 633.41 ([2M+Na]+), 938.61 ([3M+Na]+), 960.59 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.44 (1H, s), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.21 (1H, td, J = 8.9, 5.0 Hz), 2.13-2.05 (2H, m), 1.65-1.58 (1H, m), 1.52-1.46 (4H, m), 1.28-1.23 (10H, m), 0.89-0.82 (9H, m). ESI-MS: m/z 294.21 ([M+Na]+), 565.44 ([2M+Na]+), 587.41 ([2M-H+2Na]+), 836.65 ([3M+Na]+), 858.64 ([3M-H+2Na]+), 1129.86 ([4M+Na]+), 1151.84 ([4M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 7.82 (1H, br s), 7.17-7.08 (7H, m), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.76 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.83 (1H, q, J = 6.2 Hz), 3.51 (1H, q, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.08 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 5.1 Hz), 2.99 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.1 Hz), 2.48 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.91-1.84 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.92 (6H, d, J = 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 376.18 ([M+Na]+), 729.38 ([2M+Na]+), 1082.58 ([3M+Na]+), 1104.57 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.06 (1H, br s), 7.22-7.20 (3H, m), 7.10-7.07 (4H, m), 6.96-6.94 (2H, m), 5.76 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.74 (1H, q, J = 6.3 Hz), 3.54 (1H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.15 (1H, dd, J = 13.8, 5.2 Hz), 3.00 (1H, dd, J = 14.0, 6.7 Hz), 2.46 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.91-1.80 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 0.90 (6H, d, J = 6.6 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 376.19 ([M+Na]+), 729.40 ([2M+Na]+), 1082.60 ([3M+Na]+), 1104.58 ([3M-H+2Na]+) 。
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600MHz at 80°C) δ: 12.30 (1H, brs), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.28-7.11 (10H, m), 4.48 (1H, td, J = 9.0, 5.4 Hz), 3.06 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 5.4 Hz), 2.87 (1H, dd, J = 14.1, 9.6 Hz), 2.52 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.05 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 1.52 (2H, m, J = 7.8 Hz), 1.45 (2H, m, J = 7.8 Hz), 1.21 (2H, m, J = 7.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 362.17 ([M+Na]+), 384.15 ([M-H+2Na]+), 701.36 ([2M+Na]+), 1040.55 ([3M+Na]+) 。
生成物中にL-プロリンメチルエステルと1-ブロモヘキサンが残っていないことをFAB-MSで確認した。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.70 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, dd, J = 39.0, 7.8 Hz), 7.38-7.18 (10H, m), 5.10-4.84 (2H, m), 4.50-4.39 (1H, m), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 3.45-3.35 (2H, m), 3.07-2.86 (2H, m), 2.09-1.99 (1H, m), 1.77-1.68 (3H, m). ESI-MS: m/z 419.16 ([M+Na]+), 441.14 ([M-H+2Na]+), 859.30 ([2M-2H+3Na]+)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.90 (0.7H, br s), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.26-7.14 (5H, m), 4.53-4.48 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 4.9 Hz), 3.04-2.95 (2H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.45-2.40 (1H, m), 2.32-2.26 (1H, m), 2.21-2.16 (1H, m), 2.00-1.90 (1H, m), 1.68-1.62 (1H, m), 1.53-1.42 (2H, m), 1.35-1.18 (8H, m), 0.84 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 347.2 ([M+H]+). MS calcd for [M+H]+ m/z 347.2, found m/z 347。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.91 (1H, br s), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.28-7.14 (5H, m), 4.53-4.48 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 13.7, 4.9 Hz), 3.03-2.95 (2H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.45-2.40 (1H, m), 2.32-2.26 (1H, m), 2.22-2.16 (1H, m), 1.97-1.92 (1H, m), 1.68-1.62 (1H, m), 1.53-1.44 (2H, m), 1.36-1.19 (10H, m), 0.85 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz). ESI-MS: m/z 361.26 ([M+H]+), 383.24 ([M+Na]+), 721.50 ([2M+H]+), 743.49 ([2M+Na]+)。
l-Homoserine latone (1.2 mmol, 165 mg) とTriethylamine (1.2 mmol, 170 _L) を水20 mL に溶かし、そこへアセトニトリル10 mL にEDC-HCl (1.6 mmol, 310 mg) とC7-C10 カルボン酸(1.6mmol, C7 227μL, C8 254μL, C9 278μL, C10 276 mg) を溶かした溶液を加えた。撹拌しながら室温、overnight で反応させ、その後溶媒を留去した。固体をクロロホルムに溶かし、飽和NaHCO3 水溶液、1 M NaHSO4水溶液、飽和NaCl 水溶液で洗浄した。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥させ溶媒を留去した後にHexane : EtOAc = 2 : 1 の溶液で再結晶を行った。固体を冷やした少量のEtOAc で洗浄し、目的の化合物を得た(収率:C7AHL 45.6%, C8AHL 43.0%, C9AHL 35.5%, C10AHL 33.5%)。6 mg の化合物をd6-DMSO に溶かし、1H NMR によって同定を行った。代表化合物(C8AHL)1H NMRチャートを以下に示す。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6, 400 MHz, TMS) δ (ppm): 8.30 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 4.52 (1H, dt, J = 10.0, 8.8 Hz), 4.33 (1H, td, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz), 4.21-4.18 (1H, m), 2.39-2.35 (1H, m), 2.18-2.08 (3H, m), 1.50 (2H, quintet, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.28-1.26 (8H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz)。
合成したC8, C9, C10AHL 30 mg に対して水4.5 mL、1 M LiOH 水溶液1.0 mL を加え、攪拌しながら22 時間反応させた。その後、氷冷した反応溶液に対して6 M HCl 水溶液を1 mL 滴下した。1 時間反応溶液を氷冷した後溶液を吸引ろ過し、析出した固体を回収した。固体を冷やした少量のEtOAc で洗浄し、目的の化合物を得た(収率:C8AHS 57.4%, C9AHS 56.2%, C10AHS 57.4%)。6mg の化合物をd6-DMSO に溶かし、1H NMR によって同定を行った。代表化合物(C10AHS)1H NMRチャートを以下に示す。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6, 400 MHz, TMS) δ (ppm): 7.99 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 4.27-4.22 (1H, m), 2.09 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.86-1.80 (1H, m), 1.72-1.65 (1H, m), 1.48-1.46 (2H, m), 1.27-1.24 (12H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz)。
合成例で得られた化合物をデコイ基質として用い、細胞内でフェノールを製造した。具体的には以下の様にして行った。
野生型P450BM3全長の塩基配列を挿入した強制発現用ベクターpET28a(+)によって形質転換された大腸菌BL21(DE3)株を、15μg/mLのカナマイシンを含むLB培地に加え、37℃、180 rpmで培養した。OD600が0.4-0.6になった時に5-アミノレブリン酸を終濃度0.5 mMとなるように加え、OD600が0.8-0.9となった時にIPTGを終濃度1 mMとなるように加え、培養温度を下げて25℃で12時間酵素発現を誘導した。誘導後、7300gで6分間遠心分離を行って集菌し、反応用バッファー(NaCl 86 mM, Na2PO4 93 mM, KH2PO415 mM, MgSO4 7 mM, CaCl2 0.1 mM, H3BO320 μM, CoCl2 1.5 μM, CuSO4 0.5 μM, MnCl2 4.0 μM, ZnSO4 0.5 μM, Na2MoO4 1.0 μM, pH 7.4)で二回洗浄した後、同様のバッファーでOD600が7.0となるように再懸濁した。
菌体懸濁液900 μL (終濃度25 g/L wet cell weight)、2 Mグルコース溶液20 μL (終濃度40 mM)、20 mMデコイ基質DMSO溶液5 μL (終濃度100 μM )、反応用バッファー65 μL、1 MベンゼンDMSO溶液 10 μL (終濃度10 mM ) を6 mLサンプル瓶に加えて25℃, 200 rpmで9時間反応を行った。反応後、反応溶液を2 mLエッペンドルフチューブに移し、液体窒素で凍らせて反応を停止し、融解させてから菌体を超音波で破砕した(Vibra Cell sonics VCX-750、AMPL 25%、10min)。破砕液にジクロロメタン800 μL、内部標準として40 mM 4-クロロトルエンDMSO溶液を10 μL加えてボルテックスし、20000gで3分間遠心分離した。その後、有機層を抽出し、ガスクロマトグラフィーによって分析した。ガスクロマトグラフは島津社製のFID検出器を有するGC-2014を用い、カラムはRestek社製のRtx-1カラム(内径0.53 mm、膜厚3μm、カラム長60 m)を用いた。分離の条件は、試料注入口温度、検出器温度を250℃とし、カラムオーブンの温度プログラムは120℃で25分維持、5分かけて250℃まで昇温し、そのまま15分間維持するよう設定した。
フェノール濃度(μM)及びフェノール転化率(%)を表1に示す。
合成例で得られた化合物をデコイ基質として用い、細胞内でクレゾールを製造した。具体的には以下の様にして行った。
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
菌体懸濁液900 μL (終濃度25 g/L wet cell weight)、4 Mグルコース溶液10 μL (終濃度40 mM)、20 mMデコイ基質DMSO溶液10 μL (終濃度200 μM )、反応用バッファー65 μL、4 MトルエンDMSO溶液 5 μL (終濃度20 mM ) を6 mLサンプル瓶に加えて25℃, 200 rpmで9時間反応を行った。反応後、反応溶液を2 mLエッペンドルフチューブに移し、液体窒素で凍らせて反応を停止し、融解させてから菌体を超音波で破砕した(Vibra Cell sonics VCX-750、AMPL 25%、10min)。破砕液にジクロロメタン400 μL、内部標準として40 mM 4-クロロトルエンDMSO溶液を10 μL加えてボルテックスし、20000gで3分間遠心分離した。その後、有機層を抽出し、ガスクロマトグラフィーによって分析した。ガスクロマトグラフは島津社製のFID検出器を有するGC-2014を用い、カラムはRestek社製のRtx-1カラム(内径0.53 mm、膜厚3 μm、カラム長60 m)を用いた。分離の条件は、試料注入口温度、検出器温度を250 ℃とし、カラムオーブンの温度プログラムは120 ℃で25分維持、5分かけて250 ℃まで昇温し、そのまま15分間維持するよう設定した。
検出されたクレゾールの大部分がo-クレゾールであった。o-クレゾール濃度(μM)及びo-選択性(%)を表2に示す。
合成例で得られた化合物をデコイ基質として用い、インビトロでフェノールを製造した。具体的には以下の様にして行った。
大腸菌BL21(DE3)株に、シトクロムP450BM3(CYP102A1)全長をコードするDNA(アミノ酸配列、配列番号1)(C. J. C. Whitehouse, S. G. Bell, L. L. Wong, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 1218-1260.のFig.2に開示されるCYP102Aサブファミリーのアライメント結果におけるA1である。)をコードするDNAを挿入したpUCベクターを組み込んで、P450BM3遺伝子を発現させた。産生したP450BM3を大腸菌から抽出、精製するため、大腸菌を超音波で破砕し、破砕液を遠心分離して上清を回収し、この上清を陰イオン交換カラム(DE-52)に一旦結合させ、0~250mM KClの濃度勾配を用いて溶出し、P450BM3を示す茶色のピーク画分を回収した。
高純度酸素ガスを吹き込み飽和させた緩衝液(20mM Tris-HCl(pH7.4)、100mM KCl)で反応溶液の全体積の90%以上を満たし、500nM(終濃度) 野生型P450BM3、10mM(終濃度)ベンゼン、100μM(終濃度)デコイ基質になるように各成分を加え、最後に5mM NADPHを添加し反応を開始した。なお、デコイ基質を溶解するのにDMSO溶液を用いる必要があるため、結果として、反応液は0.5v/v%のDMSOを含有していた。
表3に、添加したデコイ基質に対する1分間あたりのフェノールの生成量(フェノール生成速度)、及びNADPHの消費量のうちフェノールの生成に利用された割合(カップリング率)を示す。
合成例で得られた化合物をデコイ基質として用い、環境浄化試験を行った。具体的には以下の様にして行った。
大腸菌懸濁液:文献1(M. Karasawa et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 12264-12269.)と同様の条件で、遺伝子操作によってP450BM3を過剰発現させた大腸菌懸濁液を、菌体量が一定となるように調製した(OD600 = 1.6, 3.2, 6.3, 12.6, 25.2, 反応時の濃度)。その後、菌体懸濁液にグルコース溶液とデコイ基質DMSO溶液を加え、大腸菌懸濁液を調製した(グルコース40 mM, デコイ基質100 μM、反応時の濃度)。
6 mLガラスサンプル瓶に、反応溶液1 mL当たり0.3 gのバーミキュライトを、モデル土壌として加えた。バーミキュライトを加えたサンプル瓶に対して、調製したベンゼン溶液を加え、その後、大腸菌懸濁液を加えた(図1左)。この際、反応溶液がバーミキュライトによって吸着されていることを確認した(図1右)。
デコイ基質の種類、モデル土壌中のベンゼン量、菌体量を変え、ベンゼンの水酸化を行った。結果を表4~6に示す。
次に、反応時間を変化させ、ベンゼンの水酸化反応を行った。菌体量をOD600 = 6.3、ベンゼン濃度を10 mMとし、デコイ基質としてC7-Pro-Pheを用いた。結果を図3に示す。
巨大菌標準株を用いたモデル土壌中のベンゼンの水酸化反応を行った。具体的には以下のようにして行った。
Claims (10)
- 一般式(1):
で表される基を示す。R4及びR5は同一又は異なったアミノ酸側鎖を示す。R6は水素原子、水酸基、アルデヒド基、カルボキシ基、又はカルボキシ誘導体基を示す。但し、R5及びR6は互いに結合してラクトン環を形成していてもよい。nは0又は1以上の整数を示す。]で表される化合物、及び前記化合物を含有する細胞からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有し、且つ
前記細胞を含有し且つ前記細胞がシトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼを有する非遺伝子組換え細胞である、又は浄化対象である土壌がシトクロムP450を有する非遺伝子組換え微生物が存在する土壌であり、
土壌中の、置換されていてもよいベンゼン、置換されていてもよいナフタレン、置換されていてもよいインデン、置換されていてもよい炭素数1~15のアルカン、置換されていてもよい炭素数1~15のアルケン、置換されていてもよい炭素数4~8のシクロアルカン、置換されていてもよい炭素数4~8のシクロアルケン、及びダイオキシンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の環境汚染物質の変換に用いるための土壌浄化剤。 - 前記R6がカルボキシ基である、請求項1に記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記アミノ酸側鎖が、置換されていてもよいアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、ヘテロアリール基、及びヘテロアラルキル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記R1がアルキルアラルキル基であり、前記R2及びR3が単結合であり、且つnが0である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記R1がアルキル基であり、前記R2が単結合であり、前記R3が前記式(2)で表される基であり、且つnが0である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記R5及び前記R6がラクトン環を形成していない、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記R5及び前記R6が互いに結合してラクトン環を形成している、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 前記化合物がクオルモンである、請求項8に記載の土壌浄化剤。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の環境浄化剤を浄化対象の土壌に接触させる工程を含む、土壌浄化方法。
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