JP7236528B2 - 再循環水素化分解操作における高度なucoブリード低減のための触媒的改善法 - Google Patents
再循環水素化分解操作における高度なucoブリード低減のための触媒的改善法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7236528B2 JP7236528B2 JP2021506464A JP2021506464A JP7236528B2 JP 7236528 B2 JP7236528 B2 JP 7236528B2 JP 2021506464 A JP2021506464 A JP 2021506464A JP 2021506464 A JP2021506464 A JP 2021506464A JP 7236528 B2 JP7236528 B2 JP 7236528B2
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- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJSYJHHRQVHHMQ-TYYBGVCCSA-L zinc;(e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O HJSYJHHRQVHHMQ-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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Description
Aは、1つの一価カチオン種であり、
MPは、第IIA族金属、第IIB族金属、第IVA族金属及び第VIII族金属(特に、Niなどの第VIII族)のうちの1つ以上から選択される、+2又は+4の酸化状態を有する助触媒金属(promoter metal)であり、
Lは、有機酸素含有配位子(例えば、マレアート(maleate))であり、
MVIBは、第VIB族金属である(例えば、Mo、Wのうちの1つ以上)。
Av[(MP)(OH)x(L)n y]z(MotWt′Crt″O4)
のものである。
Av[(MP)(OH)x(L)n y]z(MVIBO4)
の触媒前駆体は、(v-2+2z-x*z+n*y*z)=0を有する。
Av[(ZnaCda′)(OH)x(L)y]z(MVIBO4)のものである。さらに別の実施形態では、MPは、Zn、Cd及びHgなどの3つの金属の組合せであり、電荷中性触媒前駆体は、式
Av[(ZnaCda′Hga″)(OH)x(L)n y]z(MVIBO4)
のものである。
Av[(Geb,Snb′)(OH)x(L)n y]z(MVIBO4)のものである。MPがGe、Sn及びPbなどの3つの第IVA族金属の組合せである別の実施形態では、電荷中性触媒前駆体は、式
Av[(GebSnb′Pbab″)(OH)x(L)n y]z(MVIBO4)
のものである。
さらに具体的には、一実施形態では、図1は、再循環を用いる2段階水素化分解装置ユニットを使用する一実施形態を示している。示されている2段階水素化分解システムは、第1段階(水素化又は水素化処理段階)2と第2段階(水素化分解段階)3との間に蒸留塔1を有する。石油供給物は、水素化を行うために水素5とともに第1段階に供給される(4)。水素化処理段階では4つの床が示されているが、数は変動し得る。水素化により、ほとんどのヘテロ原子が除去される。次いで、水素化処理された流出液6が蒸留塔1に供給されて、中間生成物と、NH3及びH2Sなどの触媒阻害剤とを分離する。次いで、蒸留塔のボトム7が、第2の又は水素化分解段階3に供給され(9)、第2の又は水素化分解段階3は、単数又は複数の水素化分解触媒を含有する多数の多層触媒床を含有する。床又は反応ゾーンの数も変動し得る。ボトムのブリード流もまた、FCC供給物に送られる(10)ことが好ましい。第1の反応ゾーンである上部反応ゾーンは、本触媒を含む。良好な沈降妨害をもたらすために、本触媒がこの位置にあることが重要である。この反応器3に必要な水素化分解機能に応じて、複数の種類の水素化分解触媒を使用してもよい。ボトム床8は、多くの場合、温度を低下させてメルカプタンの形成を阻害し、任意の組換えメルカプタンを無機硫黄に転換することを目的として、さらに効果的な脱硫のために触媒的に有効な量の脱硫触媒を含有する。
本プロセスに従って、広範囲の石油及び化学供給原料を水素化処理することができる。好適な供給原料には、全原油及び抜頭石油原油、常圧残油及び減圧残油、プロパン脱瀝残油、例えば、ブライトストック、サイクル油、FCC塔ボトム、常圧軽油と減圧軽油とコーカー軽油とを含む軽油、未精製留分を含む軽質留分から重質留分、水素化分解生成物、水素化処理油、脱ロウ油、スラックワックス、フィッシャートロプシュワックス、ラフィネート、ナフサ並びにこれらの材料の混合物が含まれる。典型的な比較的軽質の供給物には、約175℃(約350°F)から約375℃(約750°F)まで沸騰する留分画分が含まれる。この種類の供給物では、かなりの量の水素化分解ナフサが生成され、これを低硫黄ガソリンブレンド原料として使用することができる。典型的な比較的重質の供給物には、例えば、約593℃(約1100°F)まで、かつ通常約350℃~約500℃(約660°F~約935°F)の範囲で沸騰する減圧軽油が含まれ、この場合、生成されるディーゼル燃料の割合はそれに応じて大きくなる。
第1段階で使用するための従来の水素化処理(hydrotreating)触媒は、任意の好適な触媒であり得る。本発明で使用するための典型的な従来の水素化処理触媒には、少なくとも1つの第VIII族金属、好ましくはFe、Co又はNi、さらに好ましくはCo及び/又はNi、最も好ましくはCoと、比較的高い表面積の支持材料、好ましくはアルミナ上の少なくとも1つの第VIB族金属、好ましくはMo又はW、さらに好ましくはMoとから構成される触媒が含まれる。他の好適な水素化脱硫触媒支持体には、ゼオライト、アモルファスシリカ-アルミナ及びチタニア-アルミナが含まれる。好ましくは貴金属がPd及びPtから選択される場合、貴金属触媒も使用され得る。同じ反応容器内の様々な床に、複数の種類の水素化脱硫触媒が使用される。第VIII族金属は、典型的には、約2~約20重量%、好ましくは約4~約12重量%の範囲の量で存在する。第VIB族金属は、典型的には、約5~約50重量%、好ましくは約10~約40重量%、さらに好ましくは約20~約30重量%の範囲の量で存在する。あらゆる金属の重量パーセントが支持体上にある(支持体の重量に基づくパーセント)。
第2段階、すなわち水素化分解段階の下部反応ゾーンで使用され得る従来の水素化分解(hydrocracking)触媒の例には、ニッケル、ニッケル-コバルト-モリブデン、コバルト-モリブデン及びニッケル-タングステン及び/又はニッケル-モリブデンが挙げられ、後者の2つが好ましい。貴金属触媒の非限定的な例には、白金及び/又はパラジウムに基づくものが挙げられる。貴金属触媒及び非貴金属触媒の両方に使用され得る多孔質支持材料は、不応性酸化物材料、例えば、アルミナ、シリカ、アルミナ-シリカ、キーゼルグール、珪藻土、マグネシア又はジルコニアを含み、アルミナ、シリカ、アルミナ-シリカが好ましく、最も一般的である。ゼオライト支持体、特に、USYなどの大孔フォージャサイトも使用することができる。
以下の例示的な例は、非限定的であることを意図している。
Ni-Mo-W-マレアート触媒前駆体
式(NH4){[Ni2.6(OH)2.08(C4H2O4 2-)0.06](Mo0.35W0.65O4)2}の触媒前駆体を以下のように調製した:52.96gのヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム(NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2Oを室温で2.4Lの脱イオン水に溶解した。得られた溶液のpHは5~6の範囲内であった。次いで、73.98gのメタタングステン酸アンモニウム粉末を上記の溶液に加え、完全に溶解するまで室温で撹拌した。絶えず撹拌しながら、90mlの濃(NH4)OHを溶液に加えた。得られたモリブダート/タングスタート溶液を10分間撹拌し、pHをモニタリングした。溶液は9~10の範囲のpHを有した。150mlの脱イオン水に溶解した174.65gのNi(NO3)2・6H2Oを含有する第2の溶液を調製し、90℃に加熱した。次いで、モリブダート/タングスタート溶液に、高温のニッケル溶液を1時間かけてゆっくりと加えた。得られた混合物を91℃に加熱し、撹拌を30分間続けた。溶液のpHは5~6の範囲内であった。青緑色の沈殿物が形成され、沈殿物を濾過により収集した。1.8Lの脱イオン水に溶解した10.54gのマレイン酸の溶液に沈殿物を分散させ、70℃に加熱した。得られたスラリーを70℃で30分間撹拌し、濾過し、収集した沈殿物を室温で一晩真空乾燥させた。次いで、この材料を120℃で12時間かけてさらに乾燥させた。得られた材料は、アモルファスNi-OH含有材料を示す、2.5Åに広いピークを有する典型的なXRDパターンを有する。得られた材料のBET表面積は101m2/g、平均細孔容積は約0.12~0.14cc/g、平均孔径は約5nmであった。
Co-Mo-W-マレアート触媒前駆体
式(NH4){[Co3.0(OH)3.0-c(C4H2O4 2-)c/2](Mo0.34W0.66O4)2}の触媒前駆体を以下のように調製した:2.0gのマレイン酸を室温で800gの脱イオン水に溶解した。得られた溶液のpHは2~3の範囲内であった。17.65gのヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム(NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O粉末を上記の溶液に溶解し、続いて、24.67gのメタタングステン酸アンモニウム(NH4)6H2W12O40 xH2O(>66.5%W)を加えた。得られた溶液のpHは4~5の範囲内であった。絶えず撹拌しながら、30mlの濃(NH4)OHを溶液に加えた。得られたモリブダート/タングスタート溶液を10分間撹拌し、pHをモニタリングした。この溶液は室温で9~10の範囲のpHを有し、この溶液を90℃に加熱した。50gの脱イオン水に溶解した58.28gの硝酸コバルトを含有する第2の溶液を調製した。次いで、高温のモリブダート/タングスタート溶液に、高温のコバルト溶液を25分かけてゆっくりと加えた。得られた混合物を90℃で1時間連続して撹拌した。溶液のpHは約6であった。このプロセスで形成された暗紫褐色の沈殿物を濾過により収集した。沈殿物を70℃の250gの脱イオン水に分散させた。得られたスラリーを30分間撹拌し、濾過し、収集した沈殿物を室温で一晩真空乾燥させた。次いで、この材料を120℃で12時間かけてさらに乾燥させた。
Co-Mo-W触媒前駆体
式(NH4)+{[Co3.31(OH)3.62](Mo0.3W0.7O4)2}の触媒前駆体を以下の手順に従って調製した:17.65gのヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム(NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O粉末を室温で800.00gの脱イオン水に溶解し、続いて、24.66gのメタタングステン酸アンモニウム(NH4)6H2W12O40・xH2O(>66.5%W)を加えた。得られた溶液のpHは5.2~5.4の範囲内であった。50.0gの脱イオン水に溶解した58.26gの硝酸コバルト六水和物を含有する第2の溶液を調製した。得られた溶液のpHは1~2の範囲内であった。絶えず撹拌しながら、30mlの濃(NH4)OHを溶液に加えた。最初にモスグリーン色の沈殿物が形成され、その後、下部に緑がかった懸濁液と上部に茶色がかった層とを有する2層の混合物に変化した。次いで、モリブダート/タングスタート溶液に、コバルト含有混合物を室温で25分かけてゆっくりと加えた。得られた溶液のpHは8~8.5の範囲内であった。混合物を80℃に加熱し、1時間連続して撹拌した。紫がかった灰色の懸濁液を熱いうちに濾過した。沈殿物を70℃の2.5Lの脱イオン水に分散させた。得られたスラリーを30分間撹拌し(pH約7.6)、濾過し、収集した沈殿物を室温で一晩真空乾燥させた。次いで、この材料を120℃で12時間かけてさらに乾燥させた。
押し出しプロセス
この例では、例1~3に従って調製した40gの乾燥触媒前駆体を、0.8gのmethocel(Dow Chemical Company製の市販のメチルセルロース及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースポリマー)と混合し、約7gの脱イオン水を加えた。混合物が押し出し可能な稠度になるまで、さらに7gの水をゆっくりと加えた。次いで、混合物を押し出し、硫化する前に120℃でN2下で乾燥させた。
硫化DMDS液相
例1~3の触媒前駆体を管状反応器に入れた。温度は、8ft3/hrでN2(g)下で100°F/hrの速度で室温から250°Fに上昇させた。反応を1時間続けた後、N2をオフにし、8ft3/hr及び200psigで1時間かけてH2と置き換えた。毎時8立方フィートの水素ガス速度を維持しながら、軽質VGO油(終点が950°F未満)を130cc/hr(1LHSV)の速度で250°Fの触媒前駆体上にポンプ輸送した。次いで、触媒前駆体を25°F/hrの速度で430°Fに加熱し、二硫化ジメチル(DMDS)を4cc/hrの速度で約4時間かけて軽質VGOに加えた。次いで、触媒前駆体を600°Fに加熱し、DMDS添加の速度を8cc/hrに増加させた。温度を600°Fで2時間維持し、その後、硫化が完了した。
DMDS気相による硫化
例4に従って押し出された例1~3の触媒前駆体を管状反応器に入れた。温度は、8ft3/hrでN2(g)下で100°F/hrの速度で450°Fに上昇させた。反応を1時間続けた後、N2をオフにし、8ft3/hr及び100psigで1時間かけてH2と置き換えた。次いで、H2圧力を300psigに上昇させ、1時間未満維持し、その後、二硫化ジメチル(DMDS)を4cc/時の速度で加え、次いで、反応を4時間進行させた。次いで、触媒前駆体を600°Fに加熱し、DMDS添加の速度を8cc/hrに増加させた。温度を600°Fで2時間維持し、その後、硫化が完了した。
制約姿勢に関する基礎の上記の詳細な理解によって導かれた、2段階再循環水素化分解装置操作の制約姿勢を緩和する比較的低いリスクを評価して、未転換油の低価値ブリードを持続的に最小限に抑えるために本プロセス及び触媒システムを展開し、それに応じて、付加価値の高まった燃料を生産した。
Claims (17)
- 石油供給物を低沸点生成物に転換するための再循環を用いる2段階水素化分解プロセスであって、
(i)水素の存在下で第1段階反応塔内でARDS VGOを含む石油供給物を水素化処理して、液体生成物を含む水素化処理された流出液流を生成すること、
(ii)前記水素化処理された流出液流の少なくとも一部を、第2の反応塔内の複数の反応ゾーンを備える水素化分解段階に送ることにより、第1の水素化分解された流出液流を生成すること、ここで、前記流出液は、前記第2の反応塔内の前記水素化分解段階の第1の反応ゾーンに送られ、前記第1の反応ゾーンは、自己担持多金属触媒を含み、前記第1の反応ゾーンは、前記第2の反応塔の最上位レベルにあり、
(iii)前記第1の水素化分解された流出液流を、前記水素化分解段階の第2の反応ゾーンに送ること、及び前記水素化分解段階からボトム画分を回収すること、
(iv)前記ボトム画分の少なくとも一部を、前記水素化処理第1段階及び/又は前記水素化分解段階に再循環すること、並びに
(v)前記(iv)における前記ボトム画分の最小限に抑えられた一部をFCCユニットに送ること、
を含むプロセスであり、
前記水素化分解段階の前記第1の反応ゾーン内の前記自己担持多金属触媒が、一般式
A v [(M P )(OH) x (L) n y ] z (M VIB O 4 )
の水酸化物形態の前駆体触媒を硫化することによって調製される自己担持多金属触媒であり、式中、
Aが、1つの一価カチオン種であり、
M P が、第IIA族金属、第IIB族金属、第IVA族金属及び第VIII族金属のうちの1つ以上から選択される、+2又は+4の酸化状態を有する助触媒金属であり、
Lが、有機酸素含有配位子であり、
M VIB が、第VIB族金属であり、
v-2+P*z-x*z+n*y*z=0である、
プロセス。 - 前記水素化処理された流出液流を、前記水素化分解段階に送る前に蒸留塔に送る、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記蒸留塔のボトム留分の少なくとも一部が、前記水素化分解段階に送られる、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素化分解段階からのボトムが蒸留塔に送られる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記蒸留塔の前記ボトムの少なくとも一部が、前記水素化処理第1段階及び/又は前記水素化分解段階に再循環される、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記蒸留塔の前記ボトムの最小限に抑えられた一部がFCCユニットに送られる、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素化分解段階が、4つの反応ゾーンを備える、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素化分解段階が、前記第1の反応ゾーンの下に、水素化脱硫ゾーンである少なくとも1つの反応ゾーンを備える、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記4つの反応ゾーンのうちの1つであるボトム反応ゾーンが、水素化脱硫ゾーンである、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素化脱硫ゾーンが、1つの第VIII族貴金属及び2つの第VIB族金属から構成されるバルク多金属触媒を含む、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素化分解段階からの前記ボトムの少なくとも一部が、前記蒸留塔に再循環される、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 軽質ナフサ、重質ナフサ、ケロシン及びディーゼルの留分が、前記蒸留塔から回収される、請求項11に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒前駆体MP:MVIBが、100:1~1:100の原子比を有する、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- MPがニッケル(Ni)であり、MVIBがモリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)又はそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒前駆体が、Ni-Mo-Wを含む、請求項14に記載のプロセス。
- Ni:(Mo+W)が、10:1~1:10のモル比を有する、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- Lがマレアート配位子である、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
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