JP7208898B2 - 癌を処置するための併用療法 - Google Patents
癌を処置するための併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7208898B2 JP7208898B2 JP2019529251A JP2019529251A JP7208898B2 JP 7208898 B2 JP7208898 B2 JP 7208898B2 JP 2019529251 A JP2019529251 A JP 2019529251A JP 2019529251 A JP2019529251 A JP 2019529251A JP 7208898 B2 JP7208898 B2 JP 7208898B2
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- tazemetostat
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- administered
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2016年12月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/429,612号明細書;2017年1月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/444,326号明細書;2017年3月3日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/466,968号明細書;2017年7月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/530,781号明細書;および2017年10月3日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/567,542号明細書の利益および優先権を主張する。これらの出願のそれぞれの内容全体を参照により本明細書に援用する。
EZH2
本開示による使用に適した例示的なEZH2阻害剤には、式(I)~(VIa)の化合物が含まれる。本開示の方法に適した式(I)~(VIa)以外の他の化合物は、米国特許出願公開第20120264734号明細書に記載されており、その内容全体を参照により本明細書に援用する。
R701はH、F、OR707、NHR707、-(C≡C)-(CH2)n7-R708、フェニル、5員または6員ヘテロアリール、C3~8シクロアルキルまたは1~3個のヘテロ原子を含む4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルであり、ここで、フェニル、5員または6員ヘテロアリール、C3~8シクロアルキルまたは4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルは各々独立にハロ、C1~3アルキル、OH、O-C1~6アルキル、NH-C1~6アルキル、およびC3~8シクロアルキルまたは1~3個のヘテロ原子を含む4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルで置換されたC1~3アルキルから選択される1つまたは複数の基で任意選択的に置換されており、ここで、O-C1~6アルキルおよびNH-C1~6アルキルの各々はヒドロキシル、O-C1~3アルキルまたはNH-C1~3アルキルで任意選択的に置換されており、O-C1~3アルキルおよびNH-C1~3アルキルの各々はO-C1~3アルキルまたはNH-C1~3アルキルでさらに任意選択的に置換されており;
R702およびR703は各々独立にH、ハロ、C1~4アルキル、C1~6アルコキシルまたはC6~C10アリールオキシであり、各々が1つまたは複数のハロで任意選択的に置換されており;
R704およびR705は各々独立にC1~4アルキルであり;
R706はN(C1~4アルキル)2で置換されたシクロヘキシルであり、ここで、C1~4アルキルのうち一方または両方がC1~6アルコキシで置換されており;またはR706はテトラヒドロピラニルであり;
R707はヒドロキシル、C1~4アルコキシ、アミノ、モノ-またはジ-C1~4アルキルアミノ、C3~8シクロアルキル、および1~3個のヘテロ原子を含む4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルから選択される1つまたは複数の基で任意選択的に置換されたC1~4アルキルであり、ここで、C3~8シクロアルキルまたは4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルは各々独立にC1~3アルキルでさらに任意選択的に置換されており;
R708はOH、ハロ、およびC1~4アルコキシ、1~3個のヘテロ原子を含む4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、またはO-C1~6アルキルから選択される1つまたは複数の基で任意選択的に置換されたC1~4アルキルであり、ここで、4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキルはOHまたはC1~6アルキルで任意選択的にさらに置換されていることが可能であり;および
n7は0、1または2である。
R801はC1~6アルキル、C2~6アルケニル、C2~6アルキニル、C3~8シクロアルキル、1~3個のヘテロ原子を含む4~7員ヘテロシクロアルキル、フェニルまたは5員または6員ヘテロアリールであり、その各々がO-C1~6アルキル-RxまたはNH-C1~6アルキル-Rxで置換されており、ここで、Rxはヒドロキシル、O-C1~3アルキルまたはNH-C1~3アルキルであり、Rxは、これがヒドロキシルである場合を除いて、O-C1~3アルキルまたはNH-C1~3アルキルで任意選択的にさらに置換されており;あるいはR801は-Q2-T2で置換されたフェニルであり、ここで、Q2は結合またはハロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシルもしくはC1~C6アルコキシで任意選択的に置換されたC1~C3アルキルリンカーであり、T2は4員~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルで任意選択的に置換されており;およびR801は任意選択的にさらに置換されており;
R802およびR803は各々独立にH、ハロ、C1~4アルキル、C1~6アルコキシルまたはC6~C10アリールオキシであり、各々が1つまたは複数のハロで任意選択的に置換されており;
R804およびR805は各々独立にC1~4アルキルであり;ならびに
R806は-Qx-Txであり、ここで、Qxは結合またはC1~4アルキルリンカーであり、TxはH、任意選択的に置換されたC1~4アルキル、任意選択的に置換されたC3~C8シクロアルキルまたは任意選択的に置換された4員~14員ヘテロシクロアルキルである。
R2、R4およびR12は各々独立にC1~6アルキルであり;
R6はC6~C10アリールまたは5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールであり、その各々が1つまたは複数の-Q2-T2で任意選択的に置換されており、ここで、Q2は結合、またはハロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシルもしくはC1~C6アルコキシで任意選択的に置換されたC1~C3アルキルリンカーであり、T2はH、ハロ、シアノ、-ORa、-NRaRb、-(NRaRbRc)+A-、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-NRbC(O)Ra、-NRbC(O)ORa、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)2NRaRbまたはRS2であり、ここで、Ra、RbおよびRcは各々独立にHまたはRS3であり、A-は薬学的に許容されるアニオンであり、RS2およびRS3は各々独立にC1~C6アルキル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルまたは5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールであり、あるいはRaおよびRbは、それらが結合しているN原子と一緒に0または1個の追加のヘテロ原子を有する4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル環を形成し、RS2と、RS3と、RaおよびRbで形成される4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル環との各々は、1つまたは複数の-Q3-T3で任意選択的に置換されており、ここで、Q3は結合、またはハロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシルまたはC1~C6アルコキシで各々任意選択的に置換されたC1~C3アルキルリンカーであり、T3はハロ、シアノ、C1~C6アルキル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル、5員または6員ヘテロアリール、ORd、COORd、-S(O)2Rd、-NRdReおよび-C(O)NRdReからなる群から選択され、RdおよびReは各々独立にHまたはC1~C6アルキルであるか、または-Q3-T3はオキソであり;あるいは任意の2つの隣接する-Q2-T2は、それらが結合している原子と一緒に5員または6員環を形成し、当該5員または6員環は、N、OおよびSから選択される1~4個のヘテロ原子を任意選択的に含み、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、COOH、C(O)O-C1~C6アルキル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、ジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび5員または6員ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の置換基で任意選択的に置換されており;
R7は-Q4-T4であり、ここで、Q4は結合、C1~C4アルキルリンカーまたはC2~C4アルケニルリンカーであり、各リンカーはハロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシルまたはC1~C6アルコキシで任意選択的に置換されており、T4はH、ハロ、シアノ、NRfRg、-ORf、-C(O)Rf、-C(O)ORf、-C(O)NRfRg、-C(O)NRfORg、-NRfC(O)Rg、-S(O)2RfまたはRS4であり、ここで、RfおよびRgは各々独立にHまたはRS5であり、RS4およびRS5は各々独立にC1~C6アルキル、C2~C6アルケニル、C2~C6アルキニル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルまたは5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールであり、RS4およびRS5は各々1つまたは複数の-Q5-T5で任意選択的に置換されており、ここで、Q5は結合、C(O)、C(O)NRk、NRkC(O)、S(O)2またはC1~C3アルキルリンカーであり、RkはHまたはC1~C6アルキルであり、T5はH、ハロ、C1~C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、ジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル、5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールまたはS(O)qRqであり、ここで、qは0、1または2であり、RqはC1~C6アルキル、C2~C6アルケニル、C2~C6アルキニル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルまたは5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールであり、T5は、これがH、ハロ、ヒドロキシルまたはシアノである場合を除いて、ハロ、C1~C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、ジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび5員または6員ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の置換基で任意選択的に置換されており;あるいは-Q5-T5はオキソであり;ならびに
R8はH、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、COOH、シアノ、RS6、ORS6またはCOORS6であり、ここで、RS6はC1~C6アルキル、C2~C6アルケニル、C2~C6アルキニル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノまたはジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノであり、RS6はハロ、ヒドロキシル、COOH、C(O)O-C1~C6アルキル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノおよびジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の置換基で任意選択的に置換されており;あるいはR7およびR8は、それらが結合しているN原子と一緒に、0~2個の追加のヘテロ原子を有する4~11員ヘテロシクロアルキル環を形成し、R7およびR8で形成された4~11員ヘテロシクロアルキル環は1つまたは複数の-Q6-T6で任意選択的に置換されており、ここで、Q6は結合、C(O)、C(O)NRm、NRmC(O)、S(O)2またはC1~C3アルキルリンカーであり、RmはHまたはC1~C6アルキルであり、T6はH、ハロ、C1~C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、ジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキル、5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールまたはS(O)pRpであり、ここで、pは0、1または2であり、RpはC1~C6アルキル、C2~C6アルケニル、C2~C6アルキニル、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルまたは5員もしくは6員ヘテロアリールであり、T6は、これがH、ハロ、ヒドロキシルまたはシアノである場合を除いて、ハロ、C1~C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1~C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、ジ-C1~C6アルキルアミノ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C6~C10アリール、4~12員ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび5員または6員ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の置換基で任意選択的に置換されており;あるいは-Q6-T6はオキソである。
多発性骨髄腫は、単一クローンに由来する形質細胞の悪性増殖を表す。多発性骨髄腫および骨髄腫という用語は、本明細書では互換的に用いられ、同じ症状を指す。骨髄腫腫瘍、その生成物、およびそれに対する宿主の反応は、骨の痛みまたは骨折、腎不全、感染症へのかかりやすさ、貧血、低カルシウム血症、および時折の凝固異常のいくつかの臓器の機能不全および症状、神経症状、および過粘調度の血管症状をもたらす(D. Longo,Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,14th Edition,McGraw-Hill,New York,1998,713を参照されたく、その内容全体を参照により本明細書に援用する)。現在、多発性骨髄腫の効果的な長期処置は存在しない。多発性骨髄腫は、形質細胞の悪性疾患であり、高タンパク血症、貧血、腎機能障害、骨病変、および免疫不全を示す。多発性骨髄腫は、初期段階では症状が出ないことがあるため、早期診断が困難である。この疾患は、処置が施されなかった場合の生存期間中央値が診断時から6ヶ月である進行過程を有する。全身化学療法が主な処置であり、化学療法での現在の生存期間の中央値は約3年であるが、多発性骨髄腫と診断された患者の5%未満が10年を超えて生存する。
本開示のものを含め、インビトロでの組み合わせ試験に使用された多発性骨髄腫細胞株のパネルを以下の表に要約する。
リンパ節のマントル領域に存在するBリンパ球の癌であるマントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)は、bcl-1遺伝子の特異的染色体転座(t(11;14)(q13:q32))およびそれに続く遺伝子産物サイクリンD1の過剰産生を特徴とする非ホジキンリンパ腫(NHL)のユニークなサブタイプである。サイクリンD1の過剰発現は、85~95%の症例で観察されている。(t(11;14)(q13:q32))転座は、EZH2を動員してCDKN1A/CDKN1B発現を抑制する11q13にコードされた、長い非コードRNAであるMALAT1の過剰発現をもたらす。MALAT1のサイレンシングは、PRC2サイレンシング遺伝子の再発現をもたらす。
本開示のものを含め、インビトロでの組み合わせ試験に使用されるマントル細胞リンパ腫細胞株パネルを以下の表に要約する。
「癌細胞」または「癌性細胞」は、癌である細胞増殖性障害を発現している細胞である。任意の再現可能な測定手段を用いて、癌細胞または前癌性細胞を同定することができる。癌細胞または前癌性細胞は、組織サンプル(例えば、生検標本)の組織学的分類またはグレード分類により同定してもよい。癌細胞または前癌性細胞は、適切な分子マーカーの使用により同定してもよい。
血液系の細胞増殖性障害」は、血液系の細胞に関係する細胞増殖性障害である。血液系の細胞増殖性障害として、リンパ腫、白血病、骨髄系新生物、マスト細胞新生物、骨髄形成異常、良性単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症、リンパ腫様肉芽腫症、リンパ腫様丘疹症、真性赤血球増加症、慢性骨髄球性白血病、原発性骨髄線維症および本態性血小板血症を挙げることができる。血液系の細胞増殖性障害として、血液系の細胞の過形成、異形成および化生を挙げることができる。好ましくは、本開示の組成物は、本開示の血液癌または本開示の血液細胞増殖性障害からなる群から選択される癌を処置するのに使用してもよい。本開示の血液癌として、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫(ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、小児期リンパ腫、ならびにリンパ球および皮膚由来のリンパ腫)、白血病(小児白血病、有毛細胞白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、急性骨髄球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、慢性骨髄球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病およびマスト細胞白血病を含む)、骨髄系新生物およびマスト細胞新生物を挙げることができる。
方法:インビトロで多発性骨髄腫細胞株および形質細胞性白血病細胞株を用いて試験を行って、タゼメトスタットと第2の薬剤との組み合わせの抗増殖効果を評価した。最初の増殖試験を行って、各細胞株におけるタゼメトスタットのIC50を決定した。細胞増殖に対するタゼメトスタットと第2の薬剤との二重組み合わせの効果を試験するために、2つのモデルを確立した。第1のモデルでは、対数線形増殖期(log-linear phase growth rate)における細胞を、11日目のIC50値を括弧で囲んだ濃度における様々な濃度のタゼメトスタットで7日間前処理し(4日目に再投与を行った)、続いてさらに4日間、連続希釈したタゼメトスタットおよび第2の薬剤で同時処理した。第2のモデルでは、細胞を、7×8マトリックス中でタゼメトスタットおよび第2の薬剤で7日間同時処理した。Cell Titer Gloを使用するエンドポイント分析のためにアッセイプレートを展開して、細胞生存率の指標として使用したATP含有量を測定した。DMSO濃度は、アッセイを通して0.2%v/v未満で一定に保った。
方法:インビボで多発性骨髄腫細胞株を用いて試験を行って、本明細書に開示のEZH2阻害剤と追加の薬剤との組み合わせの有効性を評価した。EZH2阻害剤およびEZH2阻害剤と第2の薬剤との二重組み合わせでの処置後に最初の有効性試験を行って、各細胞株について、異種移植マウスモデルにおける腫瘍増殖の抑制および体重の変化を決定した。三重組み合わせ有効性試験を、MOLP8異種移植モデルで行った。各実験では、6~8週齢のCB-17SCIDマウスに、Matrigel(登録商標)中のそれぞれの腫瘍細胞株を皮下注射した。マウスあたり注入細胞数は、RPMI-8226モデルで5×106、MOLP8モデルで10×l06とした。次いで、マウスに、14日間または28日間、様々な濃度および組み合わせでEZH2阻害剤、ポマリドミド、および/またはデキサメタゾンを投与した。EZH2阻害剤を1日2回、62.5mg/kg、125mg/kg、または250mg/kgの用量で経口投与した。ポマリドミドとデキサメタゾンとの二重組み合わせの場合、ポマリドミドを1日4回、10mg/kgの用量で経口投与し、デキサメタゾンを1日4回、1mg/kgの用量で腹腔内注射した。1日2回経口投与した、活性成分を含まないビヒクルを対照として使用した。三重組み合わせ試験を、MOLP8異種移植モデルで行った。三重組み合わせの場合、125mg/kgのEZH2阻害剤を1日2回、経口投与すると共に、10mg/kgのポマリドミドを1日2回、経口投与し、1mg/kgのデキサメタゾンを1日4回、腹腔内注射で投与した。デキサメタゾンとポマリドミドとの二重組み合わせ、および125mg/kgのEZH2阻害剤と1mg/kgのデキサメタゾンとの二重組み合わせを、三重組み合わせの場合と同様に投与した。比較のために、各成分を、二重および三重の組み合わせについて記載したものと同じ経路および同じ投与量で単一薬剤としても投与した。
方法:インビボでマントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)細胞株を用いて試験を行って、本明細書に開示されるEZH2阻害剤と追加の薬剤との組み合わせの有効性を評価した。EZH2阻害剤、標準的な治療剤、およびEZH2阻害剤と標準的な治療剤との組み合わせによる処置後に最初の有効性試験を行って、各細胞株について、異種移植マウスモデルにおける腫瘍増殖の阻害および体重の変化を決定した。限られた数のMCL細胞株において、適度な単剤活性がインビトロで観察された。タゼメトスタットとイブルチニブとの間の強い相乗作用が、Mino-1異種移植片で観察された(図13)。
方法:Jeko-1細胞、REC-1細胞、Mino細胞、GRANTA 519細胞、JVM-2細胞、MAVER-1細胞、およびZ-138細胞を、4日間の前処理期間の間、組織培養フラスコにおいて、3倍段階希釈(開始最終濃度は、Minoで1.7μM、Granta-519、Jeko-1、およびMaver-1で10μMとした)での4つの濃度のタゼメトスタット、またはDMSOで前処理した。4日目に、タゼメトスタットまたはDMSO含有増殖培地を用いて元の細胞密度に細胞を分割し、追加の3日間の前処理期間、さらにインキュベートした。7日目に、384ウェルプレート中の処理前濃度のタゼメトスタットまたはDMSOを含有する増殖培地に培養物を最終的に播種した。次いで、細胞をさらに4日間、3倍段階希釈した第2の化合物と3連で同時処理した。この後、Cell Titer Gloを使用するエンドポイント分析のためにプレートを展開して、細胞生存率の指標として使用したATP含有量を測定した。
Claims (7)
- (a)EZH2阻害剤を含む治療有効量の第1の薬剤、および
(b)治療有効量の1つまたは複数の第2の薬剤を含み、
前記EZH2阻害剤が、タゼメトスタットまたはその薬学的に許容される塩であり、
前記1つまたは複数の第2の薬剤が、多発性骨髄腫の治療剤又はマントル細胞リンパ腫の治療剤であり、
前記多発性骨髄腫の治療剤又は前記マントル細胞リンパ腫の治療剤は、ポマリドマイド又はレナリドマイドである多発性骨髄腫又はマントル細胞リンパ腫の治療用複合剤。 - 前記EZH2阻害剤の有効量が、前記多発性骨髄腫細胞またはマントル細胞リンパ腫細胞の成長、生存率、生存、または増殖を少なくとも50%、少なくとも70%又は少なくとも90%阻害または減少させるのに十分な量である請求項1に記載の複合剤。
- 前記EZH2阻害剤は、100mg以上1600mg以下で投与されるものである請求項1又は2に記載の複合剤。
- 前記多発性骨髄腫の治療剤又は前記マントル細胞リンパ腫の治療剤は、ポマリドマイドである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の複合剤。
- EZH2阻害剤は、1日2回(BID)で投与されるものである請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の複合剤。
- EZH2阻害剤は、経口投与されるものである請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の複合剤。
- 前記EZH2阻害剤および前記1つまたは複数の第2の薬剤が連続的に投与されるものである請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の複合剤。
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