JP7182759B2 - 核酸塩基構造を有する上限臨界溶液温度型温度応答性高分子 - Google Patents
核酸塩基構造を有する上限臨界溶液温度型温度応答性高分子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7182759B2 JP7182759B2 JP2018158426A JP2018158426A JP7182759B2 JP 7182759 B2 JP7182759 B2 JP 7182759B2 JP 2018158426 A JP2018158426 A JP 2018158426A JP 2018158426 A JP2018158426 A JP 2018158426A JP 7182759 B2 JP7182759 B2 JP 7182759B2
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Description
本発明の課題は、化粧料、皮膚外用剤の基剤、ドラッグデリバリーシステムのキャリア等として使用するために適した生体親和性が期待でき、かつ上限臨界溶液温度を有する高分子を提供することにある。
(1)下記式(I)で表される繰返し単位及び下記式(II)で表される繰返し単位からなる共重合体。
(式(I)中、R1は、水素原子又はメチル基を表し、R2は、核酸塩基構造を有する官能基を表し、Xは、酸素原子又はNR3を表し、R3は、水素原子、C1~C5アルキル基、C6~C10アリール基又はC7~C12アラルキル基を表す。)
(式(II)中、R4は、水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
(2)式(I)で表される繰返し単位と式(II)で表される繰返し単位のモル比[(I):(II)]が、50:50~5:95の範囲である(1)に記載の共重合体。
(3)共重合体が、ランダム共重合体である(1)又は(2)に記載の共重合体。
(4)共重合体が、フリーラジカル重合で合成された共重合体である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
(5)共重合体が、RAFT重合で合成された共重合体である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
(6)重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比(Mw/Mn)が、1.01~2.0の範囲である(1)又は(2)に記載の共重合体。
(7)式(I)中、R2の核酸塩基構造が、ウラシルを含む構造である(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
(8)式(I)中、R2が、下記式(III)で表される官能基である(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
(式(III)中、Yは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。)
(9)式(III)中のYの2価の連結基が、C1~C3アルキレン基である(8)に記載の共重合体。
(10)(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の共重合体を含む皮膚外用剤又は化粧料用基剤。
(11)(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の共重合体を含むドラッグデリバリーシステム用キャリア。
また、本発明の共重合体が生理学的条件下で温度を制御することで可逆的に溶解及び不溶化し(相転移)、これに伴ってコアセルベートが消失したり形成したりするという特性を、薬物の放出及び保持の制御に応用することで、必要なときに必要なだけ薬物を投与しようというインテリジェント化製剤(インテリジェントDDS)に好適に用いることができる。
さらに、上限臨界溶液温度は、式(I)で表される繰返し単位と式(II)で表される繰返し単位のモル比を変えることにより調整することができる。
ここで、核酸塩基とは、RNA及びDNAを構成するアデニン(A)、グアニン(G)、チミン(T)、シトシン(C)及びウラシル(U)以外にも、これらと構造的に関連している複素環部分を有し、化学的に部分変更された修飾された核酸塩基も含むものとする。修飾された核酸塩基として、例えば、5-メチルシトシン、5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン、キサンチン、ヒポキサンチン、2-アミノアデニン、N-6メチルアデニン、O-6メチルグアニン、2-プロピルアデニン、2-プロピルグアニン、2-チオウラシル、2-チオチミン、2-チオシトシン、5-ハロウラシル、5-ハロシトシン、5-(1-プロピニル)ウラシル、5-(1-プロピニル)シトシン、6-アゾウラシル、6-アゾシトシン、6-アゾチミン、5-ウラシル(プソイドウラシル)、4-チオウラシル、8-ハロアデニン、8-アミノアデニン、8-チオールアデニン、8-アルキルチオアデニン、8-ヒドロキシアデニン、8-ハログアニン、8-アミノグアニン、8-チオールグアニン、8-アルキルチオグアニン、5-ハロウラシル、5-ブロモウラシル、5-トリフルオロメチルウラシル、5-ハロシトシン、5-ブロモシトシン、5-トリフルオロメチルシトシン、7-メチルグアニン、7-メチルアデニン、2-フルオロアデニン、2-アミノアデニン、8-アザグアニン、8-アザアデニン、7-デアザグアニン、7-デアザアデニン、3-デアザグアニン、3-デアザアデニン等を挙げることができる。
式(V)中、R41は、式(II)中のR4と同じ意味を表し、R51及びR52は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は得られた共重合体の主鎖に影響を及ぼすことなく脱離させることができる官能基を表す。該R2と同じ構造に誘導可能な官能基として、核酸塩基構造中の窒素原子又は酸素原子上の水素原子を脱着可能な保護基で置換した官能基等を挙げることができる。また、R51及びR52の該脱離させることができる官能基として、アミドの窒素原子上の水素原子を置換できる官能基であって、酸、塩基等で脱離可能な官能基等を挙げることができ、例えば、トリメチルシリル基等を挙げることができる。
ラジカル重合で本発明の共重合体を合成する場合には、R21が式(I)中のR2と同じ官能基の式(IV)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体を、R51及びR52が水素原子である(メタ)アクリルアミドを単量体として用いることができる。
なお、式(IV)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体及び式(IV)で表される(メタ)アクリルアミド誘導体は、それぞれ、1種単独で、又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
いずれの重合法においても、保護基等の修飾をしたモノマーを用いて共重合体を調製した場合には、さらに、保護基等の修飾基を除去する操作を行うことにより、目的とする本発明の共重合体を得ることができる。
本発明の共重合体を、化粧料成分又は皮膚外用剤の基剤として用いた場合、化粧料又は皮膚外用剤のその他の成分としては、化粧料又は皮膚外用剤に一般に用いられる成分、例えば、アルコール類、保湿剤、ゲル化剤、粉体、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、抗菌剤、酸化防止剤、pH調整剤、美肌用成分、香料、水等の1種又は2種以上を挙げることができる。
共重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)はゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて決定した。測定にはJASCO PU-2080ポンプ、JASCO RI-2031示差屈折検出器、JASCO 2060カラムオーブン(以上すべて日本分光社製)、Shodex GPC KD806-Mカラム(昭和電工製)を使用した。検量線はプルラン標準試料(昭和電工製)を用いて作成し、移動相にはLiBrを20mM添加したDMSOを用いた。
共重合体中のアクリルアミド(AAm)由来の繰返し単位と6-アクリロイルメチルウラシル(AU)由来の繰返し単位のモル比は、1HNMR測定により、AAm由来の繰返し単位中のアミド基のプロトン由来のピーク、AU由来の繰返し単位中のウラシル基上の窒素原子に結合しているプロトン由来のピークの積分比より決定した。NMR測定は核磁気共鳴分光装置Avance III HD 400MHz NMR(ブルカーダルトニクス社製)を用いて行った。
AAm205.4mg(2.89mmol)、AU100.0mg(0.51mmol)[AAm:AU(モル比)=85:15]、AIBN16.4mg(0.1mmol)とをDMSO(12mL)に溶解し、30分間アルゴンガスを吹き込むことにより溶存酸素を除いた。アルゴン雰囲気下で60℃にて24時間反応させた後、室温まで冷却した。冷却された反応溶液を250mLのメタノールに注ぎ、析出した共重合体をろ取した。得られた共重合体をさらに150mLのメタノールで洗浄した後、デシケータにて終夜乾燥し、共重合体271.2mgを得た。得られた共重合体について表1にまとめて示す。
上記実施例1~3の共重合体について、水を溶媒として溶解し、0.1w/v%水溶液について0.5℃刻みで降温及び昇温を行い、各共重合体の溶解性を、670nmにおける透過率の変化を測定することにより確認した。昇温又は降温の速度は、それぞれ1℃/minとし、測定温度に到達後直ちに測定を開始した。これ以降、温度応答の再現性は、同一サンプルに対して温度変化を繰り返す(1stCooling-1stHeating-2ndCooling-2ndHeating)ことで確認した。また、測定温度が15℃以下となる場合は、セルの結露を防ぐため、セルホルダにアルゴンガスを流しながら測定した。光透過率はJASCO-V650紫外可視吸光光度計(日本分光製)を用いて測定し、セルホルダ内の温度調整はJASCO ETC-717温度コントローラ(日本分光製)を用いて行った。結果を、光透過率(縦軸)とそれぞれの溶液の温度(横軸)をプロットしたグラフとして図1に示す。なお、上限臨界溶液温度は、得られた透過率-温度曲線において、透過率の変化している直線部分と、昇温して透過率が変化した後に一定となった水平線の交点とした。
実施例1の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は90℃以上であった。
実施例2の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は55℃であった。
実施例3の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は26℃であった。
実施例2で得られた共重合体について、水溶液の濃度を0.5w/v%として、実施例4と同様に、温度による透過率の変化を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。0.1w/v%水溶液の上限臨界溶液温度が、55℃であるのに対して、0.5w/v%水溶液の上限臨界溶液の温度は、68℃であった。
AAmを790.0mg(11.1mmol)、AUを176.5mg(0.9mmol)[AAm:AU(モル比)=92.5:7.5]、AIBNを0.7mg(0.0045mmol)及びCMDTを4.8mg(0.015mmol)をDMSO(6mL)に溶解し、30分間アルゴンガスを吹き込むことにより溶存酸素を除いた。アルゴン雰囲気下で70℃にて7時間反応させた後、室温まで冷却した。冷却された反応溶液を200mLのメタノールに注ぎ、析出した共重合体をろ取した。得られた共重合体をさらに150mLのメタノールで洗浄した後、デシケータにて終夜乾燥し、共重合体808.0mgを得た。
実施例6で合成された共重合体について、水を溶媒として溶解し、0.5w/v%水溶液について0.5℃刻みで降温及び昇温を行い、共重合体の溶解性を確認した。RAFT重合で合成した共重合体は、単位温度当たりの透過率変化が大きいため、昇温又は降温の速度を、それぞれ0.5℃/minとしたほかは、実施例4に記載されている方法で測定を行った。結果を、光透過率(縦軸)とそれぞれの溶液の温度(横軸)をプロットしたグラフとして図3に示す。
なお、比較のために実施例7の水溶液のろ過前の結果をあわせて記載した。
反応溶媒を、DMSO/水=8/2(v/v)の割合で同量を用い、反応時間を20時間とする以外は、実施例1、2、8、3と同様に反応を行い、共重合体を得た。得られた共重合体について表2、表3にまとめて示す。
反応溶媒をDMSO/水の混合溶媒とすることにより、高温時の透過率がほぼ100%となる共重合体水溶液が得られるようになった。上限臨界溶液温度の相違はあるものの、図示してはいないが、全ての共重合体含有水溶液において可逆的な溶解・凝集の現象を繰り返した。図5において、前記実施例10~13の共重合体の0.5w/v%水溶液の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は以下のとおりであった。
実施例10の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は90℃以上であった。
実施例11の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は57℃であった。
実施例12の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は39℃であった。
実施例13の共重合体の昇温時の上限臨界溶液温度は21℃であった。
Claims (9)
- 式(I)で表される繰返し単位と式(II)で表される繰返し単位のモル比[(I):(II)]が、50:50~5:95の範囲である請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 共重合体が、ランダム共重合体である請求項1又は2に記載の共重合体。
- 共重合体が、フリーラジカル重合で合成された共重合体である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
- 共重合体が、RAFT重合で合成された共重合体である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
- 重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の比(Mw/Mn)が、1.01~2.0の範囲である請求項1又は2に記載の共重合体。
- 式(III)中のYの2価の連結基が、C1~C3アルキレン基である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の共重合体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の共重合体を含む皮膚外用剤又は化粧料用基剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の共重合体を含むドラッグデリバリーシステム用キャリア。
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