JP7178220B2 - railroad vehicle structure - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the manufacture of a railway vehicle body structure, and more particularly to a technology of a method for connecting outer plates used for a side structure of a railway vehicle.

High-speed trains tend to adopt aluminum alloy cars for the purpose of reducing the weight of the car body, and the Shinkansen (registered trademark) car body is made by joining extruded sections corresponding to the overall length of the car body. It is On the other hand, as for the vehicle body of railway vehicles, mainly on conventional lines, unpainted vehicles are often used for the purpose of labor saving in maintenance, and there is a tendency to adopt stainless steel vehicle body. In that case, the stainless steel vehicle structure is generally made by connecting commercially available steel plates instead of extruded shapes. Therefore, various methods have been proposed for the connection method. For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, there is a method in which a vehicle structure is manufactured by dividing it into several blocks, which are then joined together.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique related to a method for manufacturing a side structure of a railway vehicle. An intermediate window block with an outer panel including the curtain plate part attached to the frame, a car end window block with an outer panel including the curtain plate part attached to the frame, and a side entrance with a frame member attached to the frame plate including the curtain plate part. Build the blocks separately and weld each block together. By manufacturing the side structure in blocks in this way, it is possible to reduce the space required for assembly and storage, thereby shortening the working time and increasing efficiency. However, in the case of this method, when the blocks are joined together, it is necessary to create a structure that has undergone stepped processing called gusset removal, resulting in the problem of creating steps between the outer plates.

Patent Literature 2 discloses a technique related to a railway vehicle structure. A window block having a window opening and a side entrance block having an entrance opening are joined to a side structure of a railway vehicle. The vehicle structure is constructed by joining the side structure, the roof structure, the end structure and the underframe. In this window block, a skin formed by joining rib members has an upper skin including a curtain plate and a lower skin including a wainscot, and the upper skin and the lower skin are arranged vertically. The butted ends are continuously connected by laser welding. This welded portion is located exactly in the middle of the window block and is butt-welded so that there is no step between the upper and lower skins.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-104180 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-50741

However, when the side structure is manufactured by the method of Patent Document 2, there is a problem of wasting the material used for the outer panel. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the outer plate when the technique of Patent Document 2 is used. A skin 300 consisting of an upper skin 301 and a lower skin 302 is a portion to be butt-welded at a weld line 303 . In this case, it becomes necessary to cut off the window cutout portion 310 (upper side 311 and lower side 312) from the plate material in order to form the window. This is considered to be the same problem in the case of Patent Document 1 as well.

Therefore, in order to solve such problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a railcar equipped with a side structure capable of realizing more efficient material removal.

In order to achieve the above object, a railway vehicle according to one aspect of the present invention has the following features.

(1) A railway vehicle provided with a side structure, wherein the side structure is provided with an outer plate, the outer plate comprising a curtain portion outer plate, a waist portion outer plate, and a blowing portion outer plate, and the blowing portion It has a window portion surrounded by an outer plate, a lower straight portion of the curtain outer plate, and an upper straight portion of the waist outer plate, and a first overlapping portion on the upper side of the blowing portion outer plate. is formed, the first overlapped portion is arranged so as to overlap the curtain portion outer plate, a second overlapped portion is formed below the blowing portion outer plate, and the second overlapped portion is outside the waist portion It is characterized by being arranged so as to overlap with the plate.

According to the aspect described in (1) above, the curtain outer plate, the waist outer plate, and the blowing outer plate constitute the outer plate, and the blowing outer plate overlaps the curtain outer plate and the waist outer plate. For example, superimposed plates are welded together. Here, the window portion formed by being surrounded by the blowing portion outer plate, the curtain outer plate and the waist outer plate is sandwiched between the lower straight portion of the curtain outer plate on the upper side and the upper straight portion of the waist outer plate on the lower side. It is formed in a way that

By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the waste of materials when providing the window portion compared to the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. This is because, as shown in FIG. 9 in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is necessary to cut off the area of the window portion from the plate material, whereas in the aspect (1), the outer periphery of the window portion is cut off from the curtain portion. It is configured to be surrounded by the lower straight portion of the outer plate, the upper straight portion of the waist portion outer plate, and the side edge of the blowing portion outer plate. Even if the side edges of the outer panel of the blowing area are machined as necessary, the upper and lower sides of the window are often long and the left and right sides are short, so wasteful materials should be minimized. is possible.

(2) In the railway vehicle described in (1), the first overlapped portion and the second overlapped portion of the blowing portion outer plate are offset by the thickness of the curtain portion outer plate and the waist portion outer plate. Preferably, the shape is bent and joined by welding.

According to the aspect described in (2) above, it is possible to align the outer surfaces of the curtain plate outer plate, the waist plate outer plate, and the blowing portion outer plate on the outer side of the vehicle structure. Aligning the surfaces of the outer panels can contribute to enhancing the aesthetic appearance.

(3) In the railcar described in (1), it is preferable that the blowing portion outer plate is processed so as to include curved portions formed at the four corners of the window portion.

According to the aspect described in (3) above, the curved portions formed at the four corners of the window are formed on the outer plate of the blowing portion. I can expect it. In addition, since the curved part is formed on the outer plate of the Fukiyose part, it is possible to remove the welded part from the curved part, and it is possible to avoid the influence of work hardening due to the heat effect during welding on the curved part. It leads to avoiding that there is a point where stress is concentrated.

1 is a side view of a rail vehicle of a first embodiment; FIG. It is an enlarged view of the side structure of 1st Embodiment. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a skin of the first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of cutting out a blowing-up portion outer plate according to the first embodiment; It is a partial expansion perspective view of the skin of 2nd Embodiment. It is an enlarged view showing the connecting portion of the curtain outer plate, the blowing portion outer plate, and the waist outer plate of the third embodiment. It is the perspective view which looked at the side structure of 4th Embodiment from the back side. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a side structure of the fourth embodiment; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an outer plate prepared for comparison when the technique of Patent Document 2 is used.

First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a side view of a railcar 100 of the first embodiment. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the side structure 103. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the outer plate 50. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is the AA section shown in FIG. A railway car 100 is formed in a box shape surrounded by side structures 103 arranged on the sides of the car between a roof structure 101 and an underframe 102 and end structures 104 arranged in the front and rear. Of these, the side structure 103 is provided with a window portion 110 and a side entrance 120 . In the original railcar 100, the windows 110 are provided with glass and the side entrance 120 is provided with a sliding door, but the explanation is omitted here.

A skin plate 50 is provided on the outermost surface of the side structure 103 . The outer plate 50 is divided into three parts, the curtain outer plate 10, the blowing outer plate 20, and the waist outer plate 30, each of which is made of a stainless steel plate with a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm. As for the material, it is preferable to use SUS301L, which can be expected to be work hardened. The window portion 110 is surrounded by the lower edge 11 of the curtain outer plate 10 , the side edge 21 of the blower outer plate 20 , and the upper edge 31 of the waist outer plate 30 . A window frame is provided in the window portion 110, but the details thereof are omitted.

A side entrance 120 is surrounded by the lower edge 12 of the curtain outer panel 10, the side edge 22 of the blower outer panel 20, and the side edge 32 of the waist outer panel 30. As shown in FIG. An inlet frame 121 is arranged on the inner periphery of the side inlet 120 . A first overlapped portion 20a is provided at the upper portion of the blowing portion outer plate 20, and a second overlapped portion 20b is provided at the lower portion. The first overlapped portion 20a and the second overlapped portion 20b may be provided with a width necessary for welding, and in the first embodiment, they are provided with a width of approximately 25 mm. As shown in FIG. 3, the first overlapped portion 20a and the second overlapped portion 20b are Z-shaped at the boundary portion with the first overlapped portion 20a and the boundary portion with the second overlapped portion 20b of the blowing portion outer plate 20. It is bent into shape.

In other words, the first overlapped portion 20a and the second overlapped portion 20b are provided at positions that are offset from the surface of the blowing portion outer plate 20 toward the inside of the vehicle by the plate thickness of the curtain portion outer plate 10 and the waist portion outer plate 30 . The curtain outer plate 10 overlapping the first overlapping portion 20a is welded in an overlapping state using laser welding or the like. Similarly, the second overlapping portion 20b is also welded while being overlapped with the overlapping waist portion outer plate 30 . As a result, the curtain portion outer plate 10, the blowing portion outer plate 20, and the waist portion outer plate 30 are configured as an integral part.

2, the first overlapped portion 20a and the second overlapped portion 20b are formed near the end of the curved portion of the curved portion 110a of the blowing portion outer plate 20. As shown in FIG. In other words, the curved portion 110a is formed in the blowing portion outer plate 20, and the lower side of the curtain portion outer plate 10 and the upper side of the waist portion outer plate 30 are straight lines.

Thereafter, an aggregate (not shown) is welded to form the side structure 103 . Aggregates and the like are prepared to increase the strength of the side structure 103 and are arranged at intervals as required. A seal portion 40 sealed with a resin material is provided at a stepped portion between the curtain portion outer plate 10 or the waist portion outer plate 30 and the blowing portion outer plate 20 . The welding method is not limited to laser welding, and spot welding, TIG welding, or plasma welding can be appropriately selected according to the thickness and material of the outer plate 50 as the base material and other circumstances.

In this way, the window portion 110 is completed as a result of connecting the curtain portion outer plate 10, the blowing portion outer plate 20, and the waist portion outer plate 30 as an integral part. At this time, the corners of the window portion 110 are chamfered in a curved shape, and this curved portion 110a is formed as a part of the component when the blowing portion outer plate 20 is cut out.

Since the railway vehicle 100 of the first embodiment is configured as described above, it has the following functions and effects.

First of all, the point that more efficient material picking can be achieved is mentioned as an effect. This is because, in the railway vehicle 100 having the side structure 103 of the first embodiment, the side structure 103 is provided with the outer plate 50, and the outer plate 50 includes the curtain outer plate 10, the waist outer plate 30, and the blower. A window portion 110 is formed by a side edge 21 of the blowing portion outer plate 20, a lower edge 11 of the curtain portion outer plate 10, and an upper edge 31 of the waist portion outer plate 30. A first overlapped portion 20a is formed on the upper side of the blowing portion outer plate 20, the first overlapping portion 20a is overlapped with the curtain portion outer plate 10 and welded, and the lower side of the blowing portion outer plate 20 is A second overlapping portion 20b is formed, and the second overlapping portion 20b is overlapped with and welded to the waist skin 30. As shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a method of cutting out the blowing portion outer plate 20. As shown in FIG. In the method of Patent Document 2, as shown in FIG. 9 prepared for comparison, it is necessary to cut off the material of the window cut-out portion 310, resulting in waste. However, as shown in FIG. 4, in the first embodiment, the cut portion 24 may be cut off from the blowing portion outer plate 20, and the area of the cut portion 24 is smaller than that of the window cutout portion 310, so less material is wasted. It has the advantage of being completed. Since the plate material constituting the outer plate 50 is cut from a steel plate of a standard size, it is desirable that many parts can be cut from one steel plate, and it is desirable that a small portion is wasted.

In addition, since the lower side 11 of the curtain outer plate 10 and the upper side 31 of the waist outer plate 30, which constitute one side of the window portion 110, of the curtain outer plate 10 and the waist outer plate 30 are formed by straight lines, It is formed by linear processing. For this reason, there are merits that the processing cost is reduced and it is advantageous for material extraction. This point can also contribute to cost reduction.

A railway vehicle 100 requires a plurality of windows 110 per car. For example, in a general vehicle having three side entrances 120, four windows 110 are provided in the side structure 103 on one side. . In other words, there are 8 positions on both sides, or 64 positions for an 8-car train.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the curved portion 110a of the blowing-up portion outer plate 20 is not provided with a welded portion, so there is no fear of a decrease in strength due to welding. When the members are welded, there are cases where the strength is reduced due to the heat effect. and the second overlapping portion 20b. Therefore, the strength of the curved portion 110a does not decrease due to welding.

Austenitic stainless steels such as SUS301, SUS301L, and SUS304 are often used as the stainless steel material used for the railway vehicle 100 . SUS301 can have a higher tensile strength by cold rolling than SUS304, but there is a risk of stress corrosion cracking due to residual stress due to working and precipitation of chromium carbide due to welding.

Even when using SUS301L, which has a reduced carbon content to reduce such risks, work hardening due to rolling is lost due to welding heat input. For this reason, if the welded portion comes to the curved portion 110a, there is a risk that the strength will be disadvantageous, so this is avoided in the first embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to make the outer plate 50 take charge of the strength required for the side structure 103 to some extent, and as a result, it is possible to contribute to the weight reduction and the extension of the life of the side structure 103 .

Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be described. The second embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the railcar 100 of the first embodiment, but differs in a side cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. FIG. 5 shows a partially enlarged perspective view of the outer plate 50 of the second embodiment. A different point from the first embodiment is the shape of the blowing portion outer plate 25. The blowing portion outer plate 20 shown in the first embodiment is bent into a Z shape, but the shape of the blowing portion outer plate 20 shown in the first embodiment is different from that of the second embodiment. The blowing portion outer plate 25 is not bent. That is, the blowing portion outer plate 25 is provided closer to the passenger compartment side of the vehicle than the outer surfaces of the curtain portion outer plate 10 and the waist portion outer plate 30 by the thickness thereof. The blowing portion outer plate 25 and the waist portion outer plate 30 are welded to form a welded portion WL. Although not shown, the blowing portion outer plate 25 and the curtain portion outer plate 10 are also welded in the same manner.

Although the aesthetic appearance differs depending on the configuration of the second embodiment, the effects obtained are the same as those of the first embodiment. It is effective when you do not want to bend, when there is no problem even if there is a step in the design, or when you want to achieve an aesthetic effect by attaching a resin panel (not shown) to the stepped portion. It is believed that there is. Further, in the second embodiment, the blowing portion outer plate 25 is not bent, so that the processing cost is reduced as compared with the first embodiment.

Next, a third embodiment of the invention will be described. The third embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the railcar 100 of the first embodiment, but differs in the configuration of the blowing portion outer plate 26 . FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the connecting portion of the curtain outer plate 10, the blowing portion outer plate 26, and the waist portion outer plate 30 of the third embodiment. In the blowing-up portion outer plate 26 of the third embodiment, a first overlapping portion 26a that overlaps with the curtain portion outer plate 10 is longer in the vehicle longitudinal direction than the first overlapping portion 20a of the first embodiment. A second overlapping portion 26b of the overlapping portion is longer in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle than the second overlapping portion 20b of the first embodiment. The first overlapped portion 26a and the second overlapped portion 26b are respectively joined to the curtain outer plate 10 and the waist outer plate 30 by spot welding. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 6 shows that a plurality of spot welded portions 60 are formed. However, this does not preclude the use of continuous welding such as laser welding, if necessary.

By increasing the length of the first overlapped portion 26a and the second overlapped portion 26b in this way, there is a problem that the superiority in material removal as shown in FIG. 4 of the first embodiment is reduced. It is possible to prevent stress from concentrating on the portion 60a. Even if the length of the first overlapped portion 26a and the second overlapped portion 26b is increased, the merit that material removal is advantageous as shown in the first embodiment is due to the ratio of the length to the width of the window portion 110. However, since the window 110 is generally formed long in the line direction, it is sufficiently obtained. Of course, considering that a similar effect occurs at the laser-welded edge, a similar effect can be expected. How much the first overlapped portion 26a and the second overlapped portion 26b should be extended is desirably determined appropriately depending on whether the stress is within the allowable value, but is assumed to be about several centimeters.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the invention will be described. The fourth embodiment has a configuration similar to that of the railway vehicle 100 of the first embodiment, but differs in the connection method of the outer plate 50, so this point will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the fourth embodiment as seen from the inside of the side structure. FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the side structure. As shown in FIG. 7, in the side structure 103 of the fourth embodiment, the waist outer plate 30 and the blowing portion outer plate 27 formed one step lower on the passenger compartment side of the railway vehicle 100 constitute the outer plate 50. ing. Between the waist portion outer plate 30 and the blowing portion outer plate 27, a U-shaped steel material is arranged as a connection outer plate 45. As shown in FIG. A plurality of horizontal ribs 33 are arranged on the surface of the waist outer plate 30 on the passenger compartment side.

The vertical frame 35 is configured in such a manner that three hat-shaped steel members are connected to the connecting portion 37, and the waist portion outer plate 30, the blowing portion outer plate 27, and, as shown in FIG. It is structured to support through 10. Therefore, the blowing portion outer plate 27 is formed as a step on the passenger compartment side from the curtain portion outer plate 10 and the waist portion outer plate 30 , and the outer surface of the blowing portion outer plate 27 and the connection outer plate 45 are formed. The long sides of form a U shape. In other words, the railcar 100 has an appearance in which a portion of the side structure 103, that is, the blowing portion outer plate 27 portion is recessed.

That is, in the railway vehicle 100 including the side structure 103, the side structure 103 is provided with the outer plate 50, and the outer plate 50 is composed of the curtain outer plate 10, the waist outer plate 30, and the blowing portion outer plate 27, It has a blowing portion outer plate 27, a window portion 110 surrounded by a lower straight portion of the curtain portion outer plate 10, and an upper straight portion of the waist portion outer plate 30. A first overlapped portion 27a is formed on the upper side, and the first overlapped portion 27a is overlapped with the curtain portion outer plate 10 via the connection outer plate 45, respectively (the first overlapped portion 27a and the connection outer plate 45, the connection outer plate 45 and curtain outer plate) are welded together, and a second overlapped portion 27b is formed on the lower side of the blowing portion outer plate 27, and the second overlapped portion 27b is overlapped with the waist outer plate 30 via the connection outer plate 45. and (the second overlapping portion 27b and the connecting outer plate 45, and the connecting outer plate 45 and the waist outer plate 30) are welded together.

By adopting such a shape, it is also possible in the fourth embodiment to reduce the cut portion 24 as shown in FIG. 4 of the first embodiment. However, compared with the first embodiment, a member is required for the connection outer plate 45, but there is an advantage from the viewpoint of material removal. In addition, it is possible to use this recessed portion for design purposes. For example, as mentioned in the third embodiment, it is also possible to attach a panel using a resin material, or mount devices such as various display devices.

Although the railway vehicle according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although the material and size of the outer plate 50 are shown in the first to fourth embodiments, the present invention is not limited to this. In addition, regarding the welding of the curtain outer plate 10 and the blowing portion outer plate 20, and the waist portion outer plate 30 and the blowing portion outer plate 20 (the blowing portion outer plates 25, 26, 27), joining in an overlapping state (laser welding) welding) is exemplified, but spot welding may also be used. Moreover, it does not prevent joining by fillet welding.

Further, the four corners of the window 110 are designed to be R-processed (curved) and provided with curved portions 110a, but it is also conceivable to adopt a design without the curved portions 110a.

10 curtain outer plate 20 blower outer plate 20a first overlapped portion 20b second overlapped portion 30 waist outer plate 50 outer plate 100 railway car 101 roof structure 102 underframe 103 side structure 104 end structure 110 window

Claims (2)

In a railway vehicle equipped with a side structure,
The side structure is provided with an outer plate,
The outer plate is composed of a curtain outer plate, a waist outer plate, and a blowing outer plate,
a window portion surrounded by the blowing portion outer plate, the lower straight portion of the curtain outer plate, and the upper straight portion of the waist outer plate;
The blowing portion outer plate is processed so as to have curved portions formed at the four corners of the window portion,
A first overlapped portion is formed on the upper side of the blowing portion outer plate , and the first overlapped portion is arranged so as to overlap with the curtain portion outer plate, and extends from the curved portions formed at the four corners of the window portion. extending on the lower straight portion of the curtain outer plate,
A second overlapped portion is formed on the lower side of the blowing portion outer plate , and the second overlapped portion is arranged so as to overlap with the waist portion outer plate , and the curved portions formed at the four corners of the window portion. Extending from the upper straight part of the waist outer plate,
The first overlapping portion is joined to the curtain outer plate and the second overlapping portion is joined to the waist outer plate by spot welding or laser welding;
A railway vehicle characterized by In the railway vehicle according to claim 1,
The first overlapped portion and the second overlapped portion of the blowing portion outer plate are bent into a Z shape so as to be offset by the thickness of the curtain portion outer plate and the waist portion outer plate, and are joined by welding. that
A railway vehicle characterized by

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