JP7168960B2 - Roof structure that can increase or decrease friction with accumulated snow - Google Patents
Roof structure that can increase or decrease friction with accumulated snow Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は屋根と、それに積もった雪との間に生ずる摩擦のコントロールに関するものである。 The present invention relates to the control of friction between the roof and the snow on it.
豪雪地帯の屋根に積もった雪下ろし作業は重労働であり、毎年それに拘わる事故により多くの死者や負傷者を出しており、加えて近年の高齢化により雪下ろしが可能な作業員の不足という問題も起こっている。 Removing snow piled up on roofs in areas with heavy snowfall is hard work, and every year many people die or are injured due to accidents related to it. there is
特許文献１及び２は作業する人員が必要であり、労力を必要とする。
更に屋根に登っての滑落の危険は無いとは言え、作業者は落下してくる雪に注意する必要がある。
特許文献３は、積雪量によっては緩んだシートを引っ張る非常に強い力を必要とし、特に屋根上の雪が凍結して大きな雪板状となった場合は、更なる大きな力が必要となり、その場合、屋根構造に想定外の力を加えることになる。
と、いった問題があった。
Furthermore, although there is no risk of falling from the roof, workers must be careful of falling snow.
There was a problem.
特許文献４は電熱を利用して、一部の屋根上の積雪を溶かして滑落させるものがあるが、これは滑落のタイミングが予測出来ず、危険である。
屋根上の積雪に対して、作業者が屋根に上がる事無く、前記屋根上の積雪と前記屋根との摩擦を任意のタイミングで減少させる。 To reduce the friction between the accumulated snow on the roof and the roof at an arbitrary timing without a worker going up to the roof.
外側に膨らむ様に突出または湾曲させた状態で変形可能に保持した部材を屋根の棟方向または前記屋根の勾配方向と交わる方向に複数配置したものを屋根構造とし、
積雪時の任意のタイミングで前記部材の一部を移動させる事で、前記積雪と、前記積雪と接する屋根部材との間に空隙が生じ、前記積雪と接する屋根部材との間の摩擦を大きく減少させて積雪の滑落を引き起こさせる。
原理的には製氷皿を捻って中の氷を取り出す事に似ている。
A roof structure is formed by arranging a plurality of members that are deformably held in a state of protruding or curving so as to bulge outward in the ridge direction of the roof or in a direction intersecting the slope direction of the roof,
By moving a part of the member at an arbitrary timing during snow cover, a gap is generated between the snow cover and the roof member in contact with the snow cover, and the friction between the snow cover and the roof member in contact with the snow cover is greatly reduced. to cause the snow cover to slide down.
In principle, it is similar to twisting an ice cube tray to take out the ice inside.
（定義）
特に説明がない限り、本出願における「変形」とは、突出した屋根部材の一部を、任意のタイミングで、前記屋根部材の突出方向またはその反対方向に移動させて、前記屋根形状が変化することを指す。
(definition)
Unless otherwise specified, "deformation" in the present application means that a part of a protruding roof member is moved at an arbitrary timing in the direction in which the roof member protrudes or in the opposite direction to change the shape of the roof. point to
本出願における低温とはマイナス２０度程度を指し、極低温とはマイナス４０度程度を指す。 Low temperature in the present application refers to about minus 20 degrees, and cryogenic temperature refers to about minus 40 degrees.
本出願における「屋根部材の長さ方向」とは棟から軒先方向または、屋根勾配の勾配方向である。
また、本出願における「板幅」とは前記屋根部材の長さ方向と直交する方向の部材の幅を指す。
また、本出願における「断面」とは特に記載が無い限り、前記前記屋根部材の長さ方向と直交する面で切った面を指す。
The term "longitudinal direction of the roof member" in the present application means the direction from the ridge to the eaves or the direction of the slope of the roof.
Further, the term "plate width" in the present application refers to the width of the roof member in the direction orthogonal to the length direction of the roof member.
In addition, unless otherwise specified, the term "cross section" in the present application refers to a plane cut along a plane perpendicular to the length direction of the roof member.
本件発明は任意のタイミングで屋根部材の形状を変形させる事で、屋根上の積雪と屋根との間の接触面積を大きく変え、摩擦を大幅に減少させる事により屋根上の積雪自体の重さで滑落させる事で、その雪下ろし作業を屋根に登る事無く、安全に行えるものである。 In the present invention, by deforming the shape of the roof member at an arbitrary timing, the contact area between the snow on the roof and the roof is greatly changed, and the friction is greatly reduced, so that the weight of the snow on the roof itself can be changed. By sliding down, the snow removal work can be safely performed without climbing the roof.
また、変形前の平常時（積雪待機時）の屋根形状は外側に膨らむ様に突出または湾曲させた部材が、隣り合う前記屋根部材同士の水平方向の距離が徐々に狭くなり、ついには互いが接する、または最も近くなる谷間の様な断面形状を持つ事で、最初の積雪では谷間部分から雪が積もりはじめる。
この時積雪の圧力は重力方向のみならず、屋根の谷間ではその谷間を広げる方向にも生じ、この圧力は更なる積雪により、より強くなる。
従って、雪の自重により屋根の勾配方向に滑落しようとする力は、その広い接触面積により本発明の屋根と雪の間に生ずる摩擦は、平面部に積もった雪より大きなものとなり、屋根上の雪を保持して、屋根からの不用意な雪の滑落を防ぐ。
In addition, in the normal state (when waiting for snow) before deformation, the members protruding or curved so as to swell outward gradually narrow the distance between the adjacent roof members in the horizontal direction, and finally they are separated from each other. By having a cross-sectional shape like a valley that touches or is closest, snow starts to accumulate from the valley part in the first snow cover.
At this time, the pressure of the accumulated snow is generated not only in the direction of gravity, but also in the direction that widens the valleys in the valleys of the roof.
Therefore, the force that causes the snow to slide down in the direction of the slope of the roof due to its own weight, and the friction that occurs between the roof of the present invention and the snow due to its wide contact area is greater than that of the snow that has accumulated on the flat surface. To hold snow and prevent accidental slipping of snow from the roof.
使用者の判断、もしくはセンサーの検出により、一定の積雪量になった時、
手動もしくは液圧、電気モーターなどの動力により、本発明の屋根構造の一部を移動させる事で、屋根部材が変形して、今まで接していた屋根と屋根に積もった雪との間に空隙が生じ、今まで滑落をつなぎ止めていた摩擦が急激に減って、屋根上の積雪は滑落する。
この時、前記屋根部材を部分的に順次変形させると、滑落させる部分を順次コントロールする事が出来る。
When the amount of snow reaches a certain level, either by the user's judgment or by sensor detection,
By moving a part of the roof structure of the present invention manually or by power such as a hydraulic pressure or an electric motor, the roof member is deformed and a gap is created between the roof that has been in contact with the snow accumulated on the roof. As a result, the friction that has been holding down the slide down suddenly decreases, and the accumulated snow on the roof slides down.
At this time, by partially deforming the roof member sequentially, it is possible to sequentially control the portion to be slid down.
（屋根部材の起伏形状を変形可能な屋根構造）
図１や３の様に屋根部材自体またはその一部に変形可能な柔軟性があるか、使用する部材に十分な変形可能な柔軟性がなくとも、図２や４の様に、その一部または全部を波板状に加工する事によって柔軟性が得られる様にした屋根部材を例えばｆ２Aの様に前記屋根部材の板幅より狭い保持枠で、外側に膨らむアーチ状にしたものを複数配置して屋根とする。
この時、前記屋根に積もった雪の重さによって、前記アーチ状の形状が変形しない様に前記アーチ状の部材の内側に図７、８に例を挙げる様に変形、移動可能な補強材、または膨張収縮可能な気室（図示しない）を備えていても良い。
また、積雪を滑落させる際の本件屋根部材の変形後の形状は必ずしも変形前の反転形状である必要は無く、その屋根部材の変形により、前記屋根部材変形前の屋根上の積雪の断面形状と屋根部材との間に空隙が出来る形状変化が有れば良い。
(Roof structure that can change the undulating shape of roof members)
Even if the roof member itself or a part thereof has flexibility to allow deformation as shown in Figs. Alternatively, a plurality of roof members, which are all processed into a corrugated plate shape to obtain flexibility, are arranged in a holding frame narrower than the plate width of the roof member, such as f2A, in an arch shape that bulges outward. and use it as a roof.
At this time, in order to prevent the arch-shaped shape from being deformed by the weight of the snow piled up on the roof, deformable and movable reinforcing members are placed inside the arch-shaped members as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, an air chamber (not shown) that can be expanded and contracted may be provided.
In addition, the shape of the roof member after deformation when the snow is slid down does not necessarily have to be the inverted shape before deformation, and the deformation of the roof member changes the cross-sectional shape of the snow on the roof before deformation of the roof member. It is sufficient if there is a shape change that creates a gap with the roof member.
（材質）
本発明に使用される、雪と接触可能な屋根部材の材質は想定される低温において、その柔軟性を失わず、その変形時に加わる力による脆性が見られないものが求められる。
例えば、図２、４、６に示す様に板材や波板加工を全部または一部に施した金属薄板や、ポリカーボネート等の低温での脆化の少ない樹脂、同じく低温での脆化の少ないＦＲＰ、ＣＦＲＰ、ＣＦＴＰ（熱可塑性炭素繊維プラスチック）、等の複合材料などとの組み合わせ、または前記複合材料で作られても良く、図６のｆ６Ｃ、ｆ６Ｄの様に湾曲可能部材の基部に弾性体を使って前記屋根部材の変形時に加わる力を吸収させても良い。
特にオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は低温脆性が無いため、前記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼薄板をそのまま、または波板状に加工したものは屋根部材として極低温環境に対応可能である。
(Material)
The material of the roof member used in the present invention, which can come into contact with snow, must not lose its flexibility at expected low temperatures, and must not show brittleness due to the force applied during deformation.
For example, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 6, sheet materials or thin metal sheets with corrugated processing applied in whole or in part, resins with low brittleness at low temperatures such as polycarbonate, and FRP with low brittleness at low temperatures. , CFRP, CFTP (thermoplastic carbon fiber plastic), etc., or may be made of composite materials such as f6C, f6D in FIG. may be used to absorb forces applied during deformation of the roof member.
In particular, since austenitic stainless steel does not have low-temperature brittleness, the austenitic stainless steel thin sheet as it is or processed into a corrugated sheet can be used as a roofing member in an extremely low temperature environment.
また、前記屋根部材の変形時、湾曲可能部材の取り付け基部の湾曲可能部材の向きが大きく変化する部分には図６のｆ６Ｅの様にヒンジを設けても良い。
また、前記屋根部材の何れかとの雪と接触可能な部分の一部または全部に、撥水、撥雪加工がされるか、撥水、撥雪素材が塗装、溶着、蒸着、接着、ラミネートされていても良く、想定の低温下の変形時における脆性が見られないものであれば、撥水または撥雪素材そのものが使われていても良い。
Also, a hinge may be provided as shown in f6E in FIG. 6 at a portion where the orientation of the bendable member of the mounting base of the bendable member changes greatly when the roof member is deformed.
Part or all of the portion of any of the roof members that can contact snow is treated with a water-repellent or snow-repellent material, or a water-repellent or snow-repellent material is coated, welded, vapor-deposited, glued, or laminated. The water-repellent or snow-repellent material itself may be used as long as it does not exhibit brittleness when deformed at low temperatures as expected.
（凸型形状の補強および変形）
撓み柔軟性のある屋根部材は、変形前の通常時においては、外側に膨らむ様にアーチ状（Semi-cylindrical）に撓み、その状態が保持される様に枠で固定されている。
(Reinforcement and deformation of convex shape)
The roof member having bending flexibility bends in an arch shape (semi-cylindrical) so as to bulge outward in a normal state before being deformed, and is fixed by a frame so as to maintain that state.
本来、アーチ型の形状は外圧からの変形に強い形状ではあるが、形状変化を前提とした柔軟性を持つ板で屋根部材を構成すると、アーチ型の幅が小さい場合を除き、積雪による圧力には必然的によって変形し易く、その場合、予期せず変形する事で不意の雪の滑落は予防できない。 Originally, the arch shape is resistant to deformation from external pressure, but if the roof member is made of flexible boards that are premised on changing shape, it will not be able to withstand the pressure due to snow accumulation unless the width of the arch is small. Inevitably, it is easy to deform, and in that case, it is not possible to prevent unexpected snow sliding down due to unexpected deformation.
そこで、図７，８に例を挙げる様に、その形状と、それにかかる積雪荷重を内側から支える移動または回転可能なフレーム、骨材が入り、内部から前記屋根部材を支え、かつ屋根部材の任意のタイミングで動作するメカニズムによる変形を邪魔しない位置に退避可能な補強材が配置されるべきである。
また、前記屋根部材を補強している部材の移動と連動して、屋根を変形させても良い。
Therefore, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the shape, a movable or rotatable frame that supports the snow load applied to it from the inside, and aggregates are inserted to support the roof member from the inside, and the roof member can be optionally mounted. Retractable stiffeners should be positioned so as not to interfere with deformation by the mechanism operating at the timing of
Further, the roof may be deformed in conjunction with the movement of the member reinforcing the roof member.
なお、屋根部材の移動/変形は一時的であっても良く、前記屋根部材の一部の移動は大きな形状の変化を必ずしも必要としない。
また、その移動方向は上方向または前記屋根構造の外側方向の移動であっても良い。
例えば、積雪と接した屋根部材の下にセットしたローラーを変形可能な屋根部材の下から上方向に僅かに持ち上げる様に通過させる事で、前記積雪と、前記屋根部材との癒着した状態が解ければ、その屋根部材の変形が小さくとも、前記積雪の滑落は可能である（図示しない）。
その際、前記ローラーに振動を与えたり、前記ローラー自身が偏心ローラーで振動を起こしても良い（図示しない）。
It should be noted that the movement/deformation of the roof member may be temporary, and the partial movement of the roof member does not necessarily require a large change in shape.
Also, the direction of movement may be upward or outward of the roof structure.
For example, by passing a roller set under the roof member in contact with the snow cover so as to slightly lift it upward from the bottom of the deformable roof member, the state of adhesion between the snow cover and the roof member is released. Therefore, even if the deformation of the roof member is small, the accumulated snow can slide down (not shown).
At that time, the roller may be vibrated, or the roller itself may vibrate as an eccentric roller (not shown).
また、積雪荷重を支えるフレーム、骨材の代わりに、変形可能な気密容器、または気密袋等の気室に加圧された気体を充填したものを用いても良い。 Also, instead of the frames and aggregates that support the snow load, a deformable airtight container or an airtight bag filled with pressurized gas may be used.
また、密閉された気室の形状が、前記気室の加圧または減圧により変形することにより屋根の起伏状態を変化させても良い。
更に、前記屋根部材に雨や雹等が当たって破損や音が発生する事を防ぐ為、前記屋根部材の内側または外側に低温でも固化、脆化しない柔軟な弾性体または発泡体を接着、ラミネートしても良い。
開閉と加圧減圧可能な密閉された柔軟な気室を使って前記屋根部材の補強材とする利点は柔軟な気室は氷結しにくいので、氷結によるメカニズム膠着の可能性が少なく、軽量に実現出来る点にある。
Further, the undulating state of the roof may be changed by deforming the shape of the sealed air chamber by pressurizing or depressurizing the air chamber.
Furthermore, in order to prevent the roof member from being damaged or making noise due to rain, hail, etc., a flexible elastic or foam material that does not harden or become brittle even at low temperatures is adhered or laminated to the inside or outside of the roof member. You can
The advantage of using a sealed flexible air chamber that can be opened and closed and pressurized and decompressed as a reinforcing material for the roof member is that the flexible air chamber is hard to freeze, so there is little possibility of mechanism sticking due to freezing, and it is lightweight. It is at the point where it can be done.
前記屋根部材の変形時における前記補強材の退避移動時には前記屋根部材に積雪の圧力が加わって、その退避移動時には大きな摩擦や、可動部分の氷結が予想される。
従って、前記補強材の退避が容易になる様にローラー、潤滑材、潤滑剤などで摩擦を軽減させても良く、可動部分には低温でも固化しないグリース等で覆うべきである。
また、前記メカニズムや気室による屋根部材の変形は、一度に変形させても良いし、部分的な変形を順次行っても良く、例えば、同じ屋根部材の中で高さ方向に順次変形させても良いし、棟方向または屋根の勾配方向と交わる方向に複数の屋根部材を順次変形させても良い。
During the retraction movement of the reinforcing member when the roof member is deformed, the pressure of the accumulated snow is applied to the roof member.
Therefore, the friction may be reduced by rollers, lubricants, lubricants, etc. so that the reinforcing member can be easily retracted, and the movable parts should be covered with grease that does not solidify even at low temperatures.
In addition, the deformation of the roof member by the mechanism or the air chamber may be performed all at once, or partial deformation may be performed sequentially. For example, the same roof member may be deformed sequentially in the height direction. Alternatively, a plurality of roof members may be sequentially deformed in a direction crossing the ridge direction or the slope direction of the roof.
図９のf９Ａはアーチ形に湾曲させた柔軟な板を固定して保持する基部３７と、移動可能な保持部３６を棟方向に交互に配置された屋根構造で、ｆ９Ｂの様に手前のみ９方向に３６が動いて屋根部材が変形して、積雪との空隙を作る。
同様にｆ９Ｃはｆ９Ｂに加えて奥側も３６が９方向に動いて、更に広い範囲で空隙が出来るもので、３６の移動のタイミングは同時で無くても良い。
図９は図９以前に説明してきた他の屋根構造に比べて屋根部材の変形量が少なく、アーチ状の湾曲の水平方向の幅を小さく取れば、それ自体の剛性で屋根部材の裏側から支えるべき補強材も不要となるので、比較的曲がりにくいオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼薄板を使っても可能である。
また、この方式は可動部分を少なく出来、氷結で部材が固着して動作不良になる危険性が少なくなるメリットもある。
f9A in FIG. 9 is a roof structure in which bases 37 that fix and hold arch-curved flexible plates and
Similarly, in f9C, in addition to f9B, 36 also moves in 9 directions on the far side, creating a gap in a wider range.
Fig. 9 shows less deformation of the roof member than other roof structures explained before Fig. 9, and if the horizontal width of the arch-shaped curve is made small, the rigidity of the roof member itself supports the roof member from the back side. It is also possible to use an austenitic stainless steel thin plate, which is relatively hard to bend, because no reinforcing material is required.
In addition, this method can reduce the number of moving parts, and has the advantage of reducing the risk of malfunction due to sticking of members due to freezing.
（V字部の摩擦）
屋根勾配のある一般的な屋根部材に、撥水材（剤）、撥雪材（剤）が使われていると、前記屋根部材とそれに積もる雪との間の摩擦は小さくなり前記雪を滑落させやすくするが、反面、積雪の不意な滑落は予測し難く危険である。
(friction of V-shaped part)
When a water-repellent material (agent) or snow-repellent material (agent) is used for a general roof member with a roof slope, the friction between the roof member and the snow accumulated on it becomes small, and the snow slides down. However, on the other hand, it is unpredictable and dangerous when snow piles up unexpectedly.
本出願のアーチ状屋根部材上に雪が積もり始めると、隣り合う前記アーチ状屋根部材同士との間に出来るV字状の谷間部から積雪してゆく。
この時、前記アーチ状屋根部材と雪が接する面積は平らな屋根に雪が積もった際より大きく、更に積雪量が増す事により、図５のｆ５－１～ｆ５－４に見られる様に、雪の自重で前記谷間部に雪が押しつけられる圧力が増えて事実上の積雪と接する前記アーチ状屋根部材との摩擦が増える。
従ってこの状態で、屋根の積雪は容易には滑落しないので、前記積雪の不用意な滑落による危険を回避できる。
When snow begins to pile up on the arch-shaped roof member of the present application, the snow accumulates from the V-shaped valley formed between the adjacent arch-shaped roof members.
At this time, the area of contact between the arch-shaped roof member and the snow is larger than when the snow is piled up on the flat roof. The pressure of the snow pressed against the valley by its own weight increases, and the friction between the arched roof member and the actual snow cover increases.
Therefore, in this state, the accumulated snow on the roof does not easily slide down, so that the risk of the accumulated snow slipping down unintentionally can be avoided.
（突起）
更に、前記谷間部分に、アーチ状の屋根部材の一部を移動して、前記屋根部材を変形させる際に連動して、引き込みまたは折りたたみ可能な突起を設けても良い。
この突起により、摩擦によってのみで無く障害物によって確実に屋根の積雪の滑落を防ぐ事が出来る。
(protrude)
Further, the valley portion may be provided with a projection that can be retracted or folded in conjunction with moving a portion of the arch-shaped roof member to deform the roof member.
This protrusion can prevent snow from sliding off the roof not only by friction but also by obstacles.
（滑落の制御）
センサー、またはセンサーとコンピューター、または人による雪下ろしのタイミングの判断が出た時点で、人力または他の動力により、外側に膨らんだ前記アーチ状の屋根部材を内側に引く（図１～４、６～９の例の場合）事で、前記屋根部材の一部が内側に変形し、前記屋根部材と前記屋根に積もった雪との間に突然空間が生じる。
(Control of sliding down)
When a sensor, or a sensor and a computer, or a person judges the timing of snow removal, human power or other power is used to pull inward the arch-shaped roof member that bulges outward (Figs. In the case of example 9), a portion of the roof element is deformed inwards, suddenly creating a space between the roof element and the snow that has accumulated on the roof.
これは前記屋根部材と積雪との間の接触面積と接触摩擦が突然に減少する事であり、前記屋根に積もった雪の重さに対して屋根に留まろうとする力が突然減少する事でもある。
この時、前記屋根部材と前記屋根に積もった雪との間に生じた空間に前記雪が崩落したり、前記雪自体の重さにより、前記積雪に亀裂が生じたりして、結果的に前記屋根の斜面を前記屋根上の積雪は滑落する。
この時、前記外側に突出した形状の屋根部材を移動させるタイミングを部分的に順次ずらす事により、屋根上の積雪を計画的に順次滑落させる事が出来る。
This is a sudden decrease in the contact area and contact friction between the roof member and the snow cover. be.
At this time, the snow may fall into the space created between the roof member and the snow accumulated on the roof, or cracks may occur in the accumulated snow due to the weight of the snow itself, resulting in the roof The accumulated snow on the roof slides down the slope.
At this time, the accumulated snow on the roof can be made to slide down sequentially in a planned manner by partially sequentially shifting the timing of moving the roof member having a shape that protrudes outward.
（振動）
本件発明による屋根部材において、前記屋根部材と接した積雪が一部溶けて再び凍結する事により、互いが癒着する可能性がある。
その場合、前記屋根部材の一部または全部を振動させてその癒着を剥離させると良い。
具体的には例えば、前記屋根部材の一部をハンマー等で打ち、前記屋根部材を衝撃で振動させて前記癒着部分を剥離させたり、
振動装置を使い、低周波の振動を、前記屋根部材の一部または全部に与えたり、
超音波領域で前記屋根部材の一部または全部を振動させ、その微細な振動で屋根部材とそれに癒着した積雪との間に摩擦熱を生じさせ、一時的に氷結を溶かして剥離させても良い。
また、前記ハンマーや前記振動装置と前記超音波を組み合わせて使用しても良い。
尚、前記振動の方向は特に定めない。
(vibration)
In the roof member according to the present invention, there is a possibility that the accumulated snow in contact with the roof member may partially melt and freeze again, causing the members to adhere to each other.
In that case, it is preferable to vibrate part or all of the roof member to separate the adhesion.
Specifically, for example, a part of the roof member is hit with a hammer or the like, and the roof member is vibrated by the impact to peel off the adhesion portion,
applying low-frequency vibration to a part or all of the roof member using a vibration device;
Part or all of the roof member may be vibrated in an ultrasonic range, and the minute vibrations may generate frictional heat between the roof member and the snow that adheres to it, temporarily melting and peeling the ice. .
Also, the hammer or the vibration device may be used in combination with the ultrasonic wave.
Incidentally, the direction of the vibration is not particularly defined.
（発熱体）
本件出願の屋根部材は、任意のタイミングで発生する熱が、屋根部材に伝わる配置がなされた、電熱ヒーターなどの発熱体または、液体や気体の熱媒体が循環可能なパイプ等が配線、配管されていても良い。
また、前記発熱体を屋根部材に内蔵、または前記屋根部材そのものが発熱体で有っても良い。
(heating element)
The roof member of the present application is wired and piped with a heating element such as an electric heater, which is arranged to transmit heat generated at an arbitrary timing to the roof member, or a pipe or the like through which a liquid or gas heat medium can be circulated. It's okay to be there.
Further, the heating element may be built in the roof member, or the roof member itself may be the heating element.
本明細書に記載の実施例及び図面はあくまで一例に過ぎず、前記実施例及び図面に本発明が限定される事は無く、本出願の請求項に記載の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲であれば、本発明に含まれる。 The embodiments and drawings described in this specification are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings, and within the scope of the claims of the present application, Included in the present invention.
ｆ１Ａ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形可能な屋根部材の積雪時の待機状態（断面形状）
ｆ１Ｂ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形後の屋根部材の雪下ろし時の状態（断面形状）
ｆ２Ａ 波板で作られた変形可能な屋根部材の積雪時の待機状態（断面形状）
ｆ２Ｂ 波板で作られた変形後の屋根部材の雪下ろし時の状態（断面形状）
ｆ３Ａ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形可能な屋根部材の積雪時の待機状態（断面形状）
ｆ３Ｂ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形後の屋根部材の雪下ろし時の状態（断面形状）
ｆ４Ａ 波板で作られた変形可能な屋根部材の積雪時の待機状態（断面形状）
ｆ４Ｂ 波板で作られた変形後の屋根部材の雪下ろし時の状態（（断面形状）
ｆ５Ａ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形可能な、隣り合う屋根部材の谷間部分に掛かる積雪時の圧力（断面形状）
ｆ５Ｂ 波板で作られた変形可能な、隣り合う屋根部材の谷間部分に掛かる積雪時の圧力（断面形状）
ｆ５Ｃ 波板で作られた変形可能な、隣り合う屋根部材の谷間部分に掛かる積雪時の圧力（断面形状）
ｆ５Ｄ 柔軟な平板で作られた変形可能な、隣り合う屋根部材の谷間部分に掛かる積雪時の圧力（断面形状）
ｆ６Ａ 基部に波板状部分を持つ屋根部材の例（断面形状）
ｆ６Ｂ 基部に波板状（ジグザク状）部分を持つ屋根部材の例（断面形状）
ｆ６Ｃ 弾性体で支えられる屋根部材の例（断面形状）
ｆ６Ｄ 弾性体で支えられる屋根部材の例（断面形状）
ｆ６Ｅ ヒンジを持つ屋根部材の例（断面形状）
ｆ７Ａ 図3の補強材の変形前の状態
ｆ７Ｂ 図3の補強材の変形後の状態
ｆ７Ｃ 図3の補強材の変形前の状態（変形可能な板状屋根部材付き）
ｆ７Ｄ 図3の補強材の変形後の状態（変形可能な板状屋根部材付き）
ｆ８Ａ 図1の補強材の変形前の状態
ｆ８Ｂ 図1の補強材の変形途中の状態
ｆ８Ｃ 図1の補強材の変形後の状態
ｆ９A 板状の屋根部材の保持部の一部を動かす事で屋根部材を変形させる方式の変形前
ｆ9B ｆ９Aの保持部の一部が動いて屋根部が変形した例
ｆ９C ｆ９Bの保持部の更なる一部が動いて屋根部が変形した例
1、2、3、4 積雪の圧力方向
５ 屋根部材の変形方向
６、７、８ 屋根部材変形時の補強材の旋回退避方向
９ 屋根部材を保持する保持部の変形時における移動方向
１０ａ 波板状部材をアーチ状に湾曲させた平板状屋根部材の形態（積雪待機時）
１０ｂ 1０ａを反転変形させた平板状屋根部材の形態（雪下ろし時）
１１ａ 波板状部材をアーチ状に湾曲させた平板状屋根部材の形態（積雪待機時）
１１ｂ 1１ａを反転変形させた平板状屋根部材の形態（雪下ろし時）
２０ 平らな板材をアーチ状に湾曲させた平板状屋根部材
２０ａ 平らな板材をアーチ状に湾曲させた平板状屋根部材の形態（積雪待機時）
２０ｂ ２０ａを反転変形させた平板状屋根部材の形態（雪下ろし時）
２１ａ 平らな板材をアーチ状に湾曲させた平板状屋根部材の形態（積雪待機時）
２１ｂ ２１ａを反転変形させた平板状屋根部材の形態（雪下ろし時）
３０ カバー
３１ 屋根部材の補強板
３２、３３ 屋根部材の補強材
３４、３５ 補強材の旋回軸
３６ 可動な屋根部材の保持部分
３７ 固定された屋根部材の保持部分
４０、４１ 弾性体
５０ ヒンジ
１００ 屋根上の積雪
f1A Standby state (cross-sectional shape) of deformable roof member made of flexible flat plate during snow accumulation
f1B Deformed roof member made of flexible flat plate after snow removal (cross-sectional shape)
f2A Deformable roof member made of corrugated sheet in standby state (cross-sectional shape) during snowfall
f2B State (cross-sectional shape) of roof member after deformation made of corrugated sheet when snow is removed
f3A Standby state (cross-sectional shape) of deformable roof member made of flexible flat plate during snow accumulation
f3B Deformed roof member made of flexible flat plate after snow removal (cross-sectional shape)
f4A Deformable roof member made of corrugated sheet in standby state during snowfall (cross-sectional shape)
f4B State of roof member after deformation made of corrugated sheet when snow is removed ((cross-sectional shape)
f5A Pressure (cross-sectional shape) when snow is applied to the valleys of adjacent roof members that are deformable and made of flexible flat plates
f5B Deformable corrugated sheet pressure (cross-sectional shape) applied to valleys between adjacent roof members
f5C Deformable corrugated sheet pressure (cross-sectional shape) applied to valleys between adjacent roof members
f5D Pressure (cross-sectional shape) when snow is applied to the valleys of adjacent roof members that are deformable and made of flexible flat plates.
f6A Example of a roof member with a corrugated part at the base (cross-sectional shape)
f6B Example of a roof member with a corrugated (zigzag) part at the base (cross-sectional shape)
Example of roof member supported by f6C elastic body (cross-sectional shape)
f6D Example of roof member supported by elastic body (cross-sectional shape)
Example of roof member with f6E hinge (cross-sectional shape)
f7A State before deformation of reinforcing member in FIG. 3 f7B State after deformation of reinforcing member in FIG. 3 f7C State before deformation of reinforcing member in FIG.
f7D State after deformation of reinforcement in Fig. 3 (with deformable plate-shaped roof member)
f8A The state before deformation of the reinforcing member in FIG. 1 f8B The state in the middle of deformation of the reinforcing member in FIG. 1 f8C The state after deformation of the reinforcing member in FIG. Before deformation of the method of deforming members f9B Example in which a part of the holding part of f9A moved and the roof part was deformed f9C Example in which a further part of the holding part of f9B moved and the roof part was deformed
1, 2, 3, 4
Form of flat roof member obtained by reversing deformation of
11a Shape of flat roof member with curved corrugated plate member in arch shape (when waiting for snow cover)
Form of flat roof member that reversely deforms
20 Flat plate-shaped
20b Form of flat roof member that is reversely deformed from 20a (when removing snow)
21a Form of a flat plate-like roof member made by bending a flat plate material into an arch shape (when waiting for snow cover)
21b Shape of flat roof member that is reversely deformed from 21a (when removing snow)
30
Claims (5)
平板部材や、波板加工を少なくともその一部に施した部材を外側に膨んで凸型に突出させたものを
棟方向または屋根の勾配方向と交わる方向に互いに接して複数配列し、
前記突出させた部材は、任意のタイミングで、その形状が反転変形可能な屋根部材の構造。 bendable or bendable,
A plurality of flat plate members or members with corrugated plate processing applied to at least a part of them are bulging outward and protruding in a convex shape are arranged in a plurality in contact with each other in the direction of the ridge or in the direction intersecting the slope direction of the roof,
The structure of the roof member, wherein the protruded member is capable of reversing and deforming its shape at an arbitrary timing.
平板部材や、波板加工を少なくともその一部に施した部材を、内部からその形状を保持可能で、
かつ任意のタイミングで前記平板または波板状部を持つ部材の、少なくともその一部を移動させる事で、
前記湾曲または屈曲可能な平板部材または波板状部を持つ部材の形状を反転変形可能、
もしくは、
前記湾曲または、屈曲可能な平板、または、波板状部
を持つ部材の、少なくともその一部を移動可能な部分を補強材に備えた屋根部材の構造。 Bendable or bendable according to claim 1,
It is possible to retain the shape of a flat plate member or a member at least partly corrugated, from the inside.
And by moving at least a part of the member having the flat plate or corrugated portion at an arbitrary timing,
The shape of the bendable or bendable flat plate member or the member having the corrugated plate portion can be inverted and deformed;
or,
A structure of a roof member, in which at least a portion of the member having a curved or bendable flat plate or corrugated plate portion is movable as a reinforcing member.
密閉可能で、柔軟性を持つ部材から成る気室を持ち、
前記屋根部材は前記気室の加圧または減圧により、
前記屋根部材が変形可能な機構を持つ屋根部材の構造。 Instead of the reinforcing material according to claim 2, inside the roof member,
having an air chamber made of a sealable and flexible member,
By pressurizing or depressurizing the air chamber, the roof member is
A structure of a roof member having a mechanism that allows the roof member to deform.
前記湾曲または屈曲可能な部材、
または前記屋根全体に、
衝撃または振動、を与える機構を持つ屋根部材の構造。 In any one of claims 1-3,
the bendable or bendable member;
or throughout said roof,
Structure of a roof member with a mechanism that imparts shock or vibration.
前記湾曲または屈曲可能な部材の一部、
または前記部材そのもの、
または前記屋根部材が変形可能な機構を持つ前記屋根構造の内側に、
発熱体、または熱媒体を通す配管、が、配置された屋根部材の構造。 In any one of claims 1-4,
a portion of said bendable or bendable member;
or the member itself,
or inside the roof structure having a mechanism in which the roof member is deformable,
A structure of a roof member in which a heating element or a pipe carrying a heat transfer medium is arranged.
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Citations (1)
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| JPS61123133U (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1986-08-02 | ||
| JPS61237744A (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-23 | 桐生 三男 | Roof snow treatment apparatus |
| JPH01260177A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-10-17 | Yasushi Watanabe | Forced snow-removing equipment utilizing air bag |
| US4936060A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1990-06-26 | J. W. Welsh & Associates, Inc. | Flexible roof control system |
| JPH0295761U (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-31 | ||
| JPH09302989A (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 1997-11-25 | Taisei Corp | Device and method for removing snow |
| JPH10140878A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-26 | Toray Ind Inc | Roof snow removing device |
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