JP2020125836A - Thin-thickness deformation panel autonomously deformed out of plane - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a thin-thickness deformation panel in which a mechanism for applying a force for out-of-plane deformation can be arranged along a face in the vicinity of the face.SOLUTION: The thin-thickness deformation panel includes: a thin plate member which allows out-of-plane deformation, has a deformation control portion for provoking the elongation of the thin plate member in a direction substantially orthogonal to a contraction direction when the panel is contracted in one direction in a plane at the inside rather than a peripheral edge, and forms a structure which is telescopic to another direction in the plane simultaneously with the elongation to one direction in the plane; and a contraction element which selectively contracts the deformation control portion. When the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element, the thin plate member is subjected to out-of-plane deformation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a thin deformable panel that can be used as a part or member in an arbitrary structure or the like, and more particularly to a thin panel that can be deformed out of plane.

Generally, since the Poisson's ratio of a solid material is positive, when a member made of a solid material is elongated in one direction, it contracts in a direction perpendicular to that direction. However, there is also a structure with a negative Poisson's ratio called "auxetic structure", that is, when a member is stretched or stretched in one direction, a special structure is also stretched or stretched in a direction perpendicular to that direction. Various techniques related to such “auxetic structure” that can be formed have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of manufacturing a composite material, which achieves a state of exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio by arranging two kinds of linear elements having different elastic moduli in the composite material so as to cross each other. There is. Further, in Patent Document 2, an auxetic structure member is used in footwear, and shocks are absorbed by inputting an externally applied load or the like by utilizing the unique strain characteristic of the auxetic structure. A configuration has been proposed. In addition, Patent Document 3 discloses that a metal foam layer having a negative Poisson's ratio is used for an outer panel of an aircraft to avoid damage due to ice collision and reduce acoustic energy.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-134102 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-140230 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-011039

By the way, when a planar structure or a panel-shaped member (hereinafter, referred to as “panel”) is to have various deformation functions, generally, a mechanism for applying a force for such deformation is additionally provided. It will be. For example, when the panel is out-of-plane deformed, as shown in FIG. 5, a mechanism (deformation force applying mechanism) Z for applying a force for deformation of a cylinder or a motor to the panel P is provided on the panel P. It will be configured to be installed outside the surface of the. In such a case, as is clear from the figure, the space D for the deformation force applying mechanism is required, and this makes it possible to use such an out-of-plane deformable panel (machine tool Part of the structure) will be restricted. Therefore, if various deformation functions, especially out-of-plane deformation function, are applied to the panel, the deformation force applying mechanism is not installed outside the surface of the panel, and along the surface in or near the surface of the panel. If it can be arranged and the panel is so-called autonomously out-of-plane deformable, the available place of such out-of-plane deformable panel is expanded, and any mechanical device or structure Etc., it is expected that various structures or configurations not previously seen can be achieved.

Regarding the configuration of the out-of-plane deformable panel as described above, when the inventor of the present invention extends it in a certain direction in the plane of the panel as in the auxetic structure described in the section of "Prior Art". At the same time, a structure having a special deformation property capable of extending in a direction in a plane intersecting or orthogonal to the extending direction (strictly, since it is not an auxetic structure, in the present specification, "pseudo" It has been found that it is possible to realize a configuration in which a deforming force applying mechanism for out-of-plane deformation is arranged along the surface in or near the surface of the panel by using the "auxetic structure"). This finding is used in the present invention.

Thus, an object of the present invention is an out-of-plane deformable panel, in which the mechanism for applying the force for deformation can be arranged in-plane and/or near the plane along the plane. It is to provide a panel.

According to the present invention, the above problem is a thin deformable panel,
When the thin plate member is deformable out of plane and contracts in one direction in the plane of the thin plate member inside the peripheral edge, the thin plate member is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. A structure having a deformation control portion for inducing extension of the thin plate member and capable of extending in one direction in the plane and at the same time extending in another direction intersecting with the one direction in the plane (“Pseudo-auxetic structure”) and a thin plate member,
A contraction element for selectively contracting the deformation control portion of the thin plate member, wherein the expansion amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is larger than the expansion amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the expansion of the thin plate member. This is achieved by a thin deformable panel in which the thin plate member is out-of-plane deformed when the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element while the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained to be shortened.

In the above description, the “thin plate member” is a “pseudo-auxetic structure”, that is, at the same time when it extends in one direction in the plane, as specifically illustrated in the section of the embodiment below. It is a structure that can be extended in another direction intersecting or orthogonal to one direction, and the "deformation control site" provided inside the peripheral edge of the "thin plate member" contracts in one direction within the plane. Then, the thin plate member is configured to have an extensional deformation in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. The “thin plate member” is specifically any elastic material (metal, resin) that has rigidity that can autonomously hold a planar structure (that is, without using external force) and that can bend in the out-of-plane direction. , Plastic, composite material, paper, wood, etc.). Further, the "deformation control part" of the "thin plate member" is provided with a "contraction element" that selectively contracts the deformation control part. When the contraction element contracts, the deformation control part contracts. As a result, the thin plate member extends in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction of the deformation control site. The “contraction element” is an arbitrary element capable of selectively contracting the deformation control site, for example, an element formed of a shape memory alloy or a piezoelectric material, and a strip shape that can be arranged along the surface of the thin plate member. Alternatively, a strap-shaped member can be used. Then, when the thin plate member is extended, as described above, the extension amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the extension of the thin plate member, that is, the extension of the thin plate member when the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is not constrained The amount of displacement of the thin plate member over the entire circumference of the thin plate member should be shortened so that the amount of extension of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member, that is, the actual amount of displacement of the peripheral length of the thin plate member becomes shorter. When the peripheral edge is in a restricted state, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is restricted from being displaced outward in the plane direction, so that “out-of-plane deformation”, that is, the inside of the thin plate member. Deformation occurs in which the region of (4) projects and is displaced relative to the peripheral edge of the thin plate member in a direction perpendicular to the surface direction.

According to the above configuration, the contraction element can selectively achieve the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member only by selectively contracting the deformation control site of the thin plate member in the surface direction. In the case of such a configuration, the contraction element of the thin plate member may be provided so that the deformation control portion can be contracted within the surface of the thin plate member, so as the contraction element along the surface of the thin plate member, preferably, It is possible to adopt a shape that can be arranged in the plane, and thus a mechanism for applying a force for deforming the thin plate member out of plane (in this case, the contraction force of the deformation control site) is in the plane of the thin plate member. Alternatively, it can be arranged along the surface in the vicinity of the surface.

In the above-described configuration of the present invention, the thin plate member may be attached to another thin plate that can be bent. As illustrated in a later embodiment, the thin plate member has a pseudo-auxetic structure as described above, and is flesh stolen in a considerable area in its plane in order to exhibit a unique deformation characteristic. A state (a state in which a hole is opened) may occur, and in that case, an arbitrary object (fluid, powder, particulate object, etc.) can pass through the stolen part. Therefore, as described above, by adhering the thin plate member to another thin plate (without holes), it is possible to prevent the passage of an arbitrary object across the surface of the thin plate member. Further, it may be expected that the designability is improved by attaching another thin plate to the thin plate member and covering the hole of the thin plate member. It should be noted that the bonding portion between the thin plate member and another thin plate does not have to be the entire region of the thin plate member, and may be only an arbitrary portion inside and around the peripheral edge of the thin plate member (other than the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member). The bonding site may be selected in any manner as long as the thin plate can follow and deform.

Further, in the above-described structure of the present invention, in order to generate the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member as described above, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is stretched more than the entire amount of expansion of the thin plate member corresponding to the extension of the thin plate member. Where the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained so as to shorten the amount, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be fixed in any manner in order to achieve such a state. For example, in one aspect, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be surrounded by a member such as a belt-shaped member whose spring constant in the peripheral direction is higher than the spring constant of the thin plate member. In this case, since the spring constant of the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be higher than the spring constant of the thin plate member, the elastic modulus of the material forming the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is the material forming the thin plate member. May be the same as or lower than the elastic modulus of, and the material forming the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be the same as the material forming the thin plate member (see Examples). As the band-shaped body, a band-shaped body having a width or thickness such that the change in the peripheral length is limited as described above can be adopted. Alternatively, when the thin plate-shaped panel of the present invention is fixed or fitted as a part of the surface of an arbitrary structure, the thin plate member has a peripheral extension smaller than that of an inner region thereof. The peripheral edge of may be fixed by any mode such as adhesion or fastening.

In the embodiment, as will be described in the section of the embodiment below, specifically, the thin plate member includes the entire area of the first square and four thin plates having the same dimensions as the first square. A second square, each side of which extends parallel to the corresponding side of the first square, and the center of each of which extends from each vertex of the first square along the diagonal direction of the first square. Away from the center of the first square and longer than the distance between the center and the vertex of the first square and shorter than the length of the diagonal line of the first square. Along the side of the second square inside the third square formed with the diagonal line that does not overlap the first square and the extension line of the second square at the distance position as the side. A material is present in a band-shaped area having a predetermined width, and the material is stolen in a region other than the area as a unit structure, and a plurality of the unit structures have a structure connected in a plane direction, It may be formed as a thin plate-shaped member in which a diagonal portion of the second square on the side of the third square is a deformation control portion that is selectively contracted in the diagonal direction. The contour of the stolen shape may be curved.

Thus, in the thin deformable panel of the present invention, the deforming force applying mechanism for causing out-of-plane deformation can be arranged along the surface in or near the surface of the panel. For example, it can be said that the panel is configured so that it can be deformed out-of-plane autonomously (without the need to apply force in the deformation direction from outside the plane). According to such a configuration, it is not necessary to secure a space for providing a deforming force applying mechanism on both sides of the thin deformable panel, other than a wiring structure for controlling the contraction element, etc. It is expected that the thin deformable panel that selectively causes the out-of-plane deformation can be used in a wider range than before, as illustrated in the section (1).

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view of one embodiment of the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment. 1B and 1C are schematic perspective views of one embodiment in which another thin plate is attached to the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment. 2A and 2B are views for explaining the unit structure of the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2C is a view of connecting a plurality of unit structures in a plane direction. FIG. FIG. 2D is a diagram showing a region where the material is not removed (hatched region) and a region where the material is removed (plain region) in the thin plate member of the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2(E) is a schematic view of an embodiment in which the thin plate member of the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment has a curved contour of a region where material is not removed. FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the extension direction of the thin plate member when the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element in the thin deformation panel of FIG. 1A (FIG. 2D). is there. FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the extending direction of the thin plate member when the deformation control site is contracted by the contraction element in the thin plate member of FIG. 2E. FIG. 3C is a diagram schematically showing the thin deformable panel according to the present embodiment deformed out-of-plane. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating various uses of the thin deformed panel according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conventional deforming force applying mechanism when the panel is out-of-plane deformed.

P... Thin deformed panel 1... Thin plate member 1X... First square region of thin plate member 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d... Contracting element 3... Thin plate

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings with respect to some preferred embodiments. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

Configuration of Thin Deformation Panel Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the thin deformation panel P of the present embodiment has a partially stolen structure in a symmetrical figure such as a square as illustrated. As a unit structure, and the thin plate member 1 in which the unit structures are regularly arranged and connected in a diagonal direction or a plane direction, respectively, and the part is selectively shrunk to a part of the meat stolen region. And the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged accordingly.

The thin plate member 1 is typically an arbitrary elastic body that is autonomously, that is, has a certain degree of rigidity capable of holding a planar structure without using an external force, and is bendable in an out-of-plane direction. It may be formed of a material such as metal, resin, plastic, composite material, paper, wood or the like. In the thin plate member 1, the material is present only in the regions shown by the diagonal lines of the regular shape (which will be described in more detail later) in the drawing, and it is shown as a solid color. In the area, the material is removed (meat stealing) to form holes, and thus the thin plate member 1 extends in one direction in the plane and at the same time crosses or intersects with one direction. It is a structure that can be extended in the direction of, that is, a "pseudo-auxetic structure". In such a structure, a part of the area that is a hole, specifically, the portion where the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is arranged in the figure (deformation) When the control part) contracts in the contracting direction of the contracting elements, the entire thin plate member extends in the direction perpendicular to the contracting direction. Therefore, as will be described later, when the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is constrained so that the peripheral edge expansion amount of the thin plate member 1 is smaller than the internal expansion amount of the thin plate member 1 (the displacement amount of the dimension during expansion), When the thin plate member 1 is extended, the thin plate member 1 is curved and deformed so as to vertically project from the surface before extension, that is, out-of-plane deformation. In one embodiment of achieving such a restrained state of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1, the strip-shaped body 1e is formed on the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1(B). It may be connected. The strip 1e may be formed of, for example, a material having a higher elastic modulus than the material of the body of the thin plate member 1 so that the spring constant in the longitudinal direction thereof is higher than that of the thin plate member 1, or The width and/or the thickness may be increased so that the spring constant is increased. Further, in another aspect, when the thin deformable panel P is used by being fitted into the surface of an arbitrary structure or the like, the extension amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 occurs with the extension of the thin plate member 1. The peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 may be constrained or fixed to the surface of the structure such that the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is shorter than the total amount of expansion.

In the above configuration, the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged at the deformation control site is selectively formed in a strip shape or a strap shape extending in the plane of the thin plate member 1. It may be any retractable element. As the contracting element 2, specifically, for example, an element made of a shape memory alloy that contracts when a predetermined temperature is reached, an element made of a piezoelectric material that expands and contracts by adjusting an applied voltage, or the like is advantageously used. In the case of these contraction elements, it is necessary to provide a heating heater for temperature control for expansion and contraction of the element and an electrode for applying a voltage to the element, but the parts used for that purpose are an electric cable, an electric resistance Parts such as wires and electrode plates that require almost no space outside the plane of the thin plate member 1 and that are required to operate the thin deformable panel P are along the plane in or near the plane of the thin plate member 1. (The temperature control device and the voltage control device of the contraction element are connected to the thin deformation panel P via an electric cable, but these control devices are close to the thin deformation panel P body. In the installation of the thin deformable panel P, the thin deformable panel P is not required to be used in the vicinity of the surface of the thin deformable panel P. It is enough if there is a space that can be deformed out of the plane.)

As can be understood from FIGS. 1A and 1B, the thin plate member 1 has a region where the meat is stolen, and an arbitrary object such as a fluid, a powder, or a particle-like object passes through the holes. Can be passed. Further, the holes of the thin plate member 1 may impair the design. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, in the thin deformable panel P, another thin plate 3 may be attached to the thin plate member 1. The thin plate 3 may be made of any material as long as it can be deformed out-of-plane together with the thin plate member 1 (the thin plate 3 may be a film-shaped member). The bonding between the thin plate member 1 and the thin plate 3 does not need to be performed over the entire area, and is partially performed, for example, at the peripheral edge or the center of the thin plate member 1 so as to avoid separation of the thin plate member 1 and the thin plate 3. It may be done in the square area 1X.

Structure of Thin Plate Member The structure of the thin plate member 1 of the thin deformable panel P of the present embodiment is configured by arranging unit structures, which are embodied using squares, in a diagonal direction or a plane direction as described below.

In the unit structure of the thin plate member 1, first, as shown in FIG. 2(A), consider a square a (first square) having a side length of r, and then a diagonal line from each vertex of the square a. Consider four squares b (second squares) each having a center at four positions separated outward in the direction and having the same size as the square a and facing the same direction. The distance x between the center of the square a and the center of each square b is longer than r/2 ^1/2 (the length between the center of the square a and the apex), and 2 ^1/2 r (the square a (Diagonal length of)). Then, in the figure of FIG. 2(A), as shown in FIG. 2(B), one side of 2× is formed by trimming the figure on diagonal lines k and j that do not overlap each square a of the square b. Considering the square c (third square), in this figure, the material exists in the entire area of the square a and the side of the square b (the portion not overlapping the square a) (in the side of the square b, It is assumed that the material exists in a predetermined width which may be set arbitrarily.) The unit structure of the thin plate member 1 is in a state where meat is stolen (no material exists) in other areas. May be Thus, the overall structure of the thin plate member 1 is, as shown in FIG. 2C, a unit figure (square c) arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The material is present only in the (surroundings) and the meat is stolen in the other areas (FIG. 2D). In such a structure, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2D, the diagonal line of the square b (the one not overlapping the square a) is the deformation control portion, and as described later, When the part of (1) contracts, that is, when the apex of the square b is displaced in the direction of approaching, the thin plate member 1 extends in the direction perpendicular to that direction. As shown in FIG. 2E, the thin plate member 1 may have a curved contour in a certain region of the material, and such a case also belongs to the scope of the present invention. In addition, the thin plate member of the present embodiment may have another structure in which the entire thin plate can be expanded by partially deforming the surface of the thin plate regardless of the above configuration. The case also belongs to the scope of the present invention.

Operation of Thin Deformation Panel As shown in FIG. 3A, the contraction elements 2a, 2b arranged at positions corresponding to diagonals of the square b in the thin plate member 1 (not overlapping the square a), When 2c and 2d contract, the portions corresponding to the vertices of the square b are deformed in a direction in which they approach each other, the diagonal length thereof is reduced, and the distance in the direction orthogonal thereto (the vertex of the square b overlapping the square a) Distance) will be extended. Then, the regions 1X corresponding to the square a are displaced in the directions away from each other, so that the entire thin plate member 1 extends in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. At that time, when the expansion of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is limited or restricted, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 cannot be expanded corresponding to the expansion of the inner side of the thin plate member 1. As illustrated in FIG. 3C, the member 1 is curved so as to project out of the plane, so that the difference between the inner expansion amount and the peripheral expansion amount within the peripheral edge (in other words, The difference between the increase amount of the area of the thin plate member 1 and the increase amount of the area of the surface surrounded by the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1, or the length between the opposing peripheral edges along the surface and the distance between the opposing peripheral edges. The difference will be absorbed and stretched. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, when another thin plate 3 is attached to the thin plate member 1, the thin plate 3 is also deformed out of plane together with the thin plate member 1.

Calculation Experimental Example The degree of out-of-plane deformation occurring in the specifically designed configuration of the thin deformable panel of the present embodiment described above was verified by calculation simulation.

In the configuration of the thin deformed panel, a steel plate (elastic modulus 210 GPa) having a plate thickness of 0.1 mm is set as the thin plate member, the side length of the square a is set to 24.213 mm, and the center between the square a and the square b is set. The distance was 20 mm. As a result, the distance between the center of one square a and the center of the square a adjacent in the diagonal direction is 40 mm. The dimensions of the entire thin plate member were 210 mm×210 mm. The peripheral edge of the thin plate member is made of the same steel plate as the thin plate member, and the thin plate members are connected by a strip having a width (5 mm) whose peripheral length does not substantially change even when the thin plate member is extended (see 1e in FIG. 1C). ). As the contracting element, a strip element made of Ni—Ti-based shape memory alloy having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm was used, and the diagonal line of the square b of the thin plate member was connected. The shape memory alloy has a modulus of elasticity of 114 GPa and is subjected to shape memory treatment so that 5% contraction in the length direction is expressed at 80° C., and the contraction stress is assumed to occur at 500 Mpa during normal use and at 800 Mpa at maximum. The original shape restoring stress (to restore the state before shrinkage) was −150 MPa. The contraction element is heated to 80° C. once to develop a memory shape, and then tension is applied to extend the contraction by 6-8%, and then, the tension is removed to obtain a predetermined dimension. It was supposed to be adjusted. Then, an electric resistance wire was placed and fixed on the surface of the contraction element so that the contraction element could be heated.

In the configuration of the above design conditions, FEM analysis was performed under the condition that the electric resistance wire was energized at 400 W and the contraction element was heated at 80° C., and the displacement of the thin plate member was estimated. Out-of-plane deformation occurred, and the maximum displacement of the convexly projecting surface from the position of the surface before deformation was 99 mm. Thus, it has been shown that the configuration of the present embodiment described above can realize a thin deformable panel that can be selectively deformed out of plane.

The thin deformable panel that can be deformed out of plane according to the present embodiment can be used for various purposes. For example, as shown in FIG. 4(A), the thin deformable panel P has a (P) shape on the body surface of the vehicle for the purpose of changing aerodynamic characteristics, absorbing impact force, changing design, etc. Can be used as an out-of-plane deformation element or as an element of an interior member such as a dashboard in a vehicle. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the thin deformable panel P is used in a structure such as a solar panel, a sign, and a signboard, in which a board SLB is attached to an upright column, in order to follow the sunlight and to prevent glare. , And can be used as a driving element for changing the direction of the board SLB (deformed from P to Pm) for the purpose of visual enhancement. Further, as shown in FIG. 4(C), the thin deformable panel P is used as a control surface member such as an aircraft wing skin intended to reduce weight and improve flight performance, or a flap that does not require a drive device. It can be used as an out-of-plane deformation element. Further, as shown in FIG. 4(D), a plurality of thin deformable panels are arranged in a drive device of a baggage carrier or a self-propelled robot so that an out-of-plane deformation can be appropriately generated, and a baggage It is also possible to express a wave motion for transferring R and the like. It should be understood that, in the use of the thin deformable panel as described above, the mechanism for applying the deforming force for deforming the panel out-of-plane is arranged along the surface in or near the surface. That is, the space to be secured outside the plane is significantly reduced.

Although the above description is made in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and changes can be easily made by those skilled in the art, and the present invention is limited to the embodiments illustrated above. It will be apparent that the present invention is not limited but applies to various devices without departing from the concept of the invention.

Claims (1)

A thin deformable panel,
When the thin plate member is deformable out of plane and contracts in one direction in the plane of the thin plate member inside the peripheral edge, the thin plate member is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. A structure having a deformation control portion for inducing extension of the thin plate member and capable of extending in one direction in the plane and at the same time extending in another direction intersecting with the one direction in the plane And a thin plate member,
A contraction element for selectively contracting the deformation control portion of the thin plate member, wherein the expansion amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is larger than the expansion amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the expansion of the thin plate member. A thin deformable panel in which the thin plate member is out-of-plane deformed when the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element while the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained to be shortened.