JP7161253B2 - Co2促進輸送膜及びその製造方法並びにco2分離方法及び装置 - Google Patents
Co2促進輸送膜及びその製造方法並びにco2分離方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
CO2 + H2O + CO3 2- ⇔ 2HCO3 -
高い親水性多孔膜を使用する方が有利となる。
先ず、本発明に係るCO2促進輸送膜及びその製造方法(以下、適宜「本促進輸送膜」及び「本製造方法」という。)の一実施形態につき、図面に基づいて説明する。
本促進輸送膜は、水分を含む親水性ポリマーのゲル膜内にCO2キャリアと粒子状の吸湿剤を含有した、高いCO2パーミアンスとCO2選択透過性(例えばCO2/H2選択性)を有するCO2促進輸送膜であり、CO2透過型メンブレンリアクター等へ応用可能
なCO2促進輸送膜である。更に、本促進輸送膜は、高いCO2選択透過性を安定して実現するために、ゲル膜を担持する支持膜として、親水性の多孔膜を採用している。
CO2 + CsOH → CsHCO3
CsHCO3 + CsOH → Cs2CO3 + H2O
CO2 + 2CsOH → Cs2CO3 + H2O
進輸送膜は、必ずしも平板状のものに限定されない。
次に、本促進輸送膜の製造方法(本製造方法)の一実施形態について、図2を参照して説明する。以下の説明では、親水性ポリマーとしてPVA/PAA塩共重合体、CO2キャリアとして炭酸セシウム(Cs2CO3)、粒子状の吸湿剤として粒子径が75μm以下のシリカゲルまたはグラファイトの使用を想定する。尚、粒子状の吸湿剤としてグラファイトを使用する場合は、後述する方法で、グラファイト表面を界面活性剤を用いて改質して撥水性を軽減している。尚、親水性ポリマー、CO2キャリア、及び、吸湿剤の各添加量は、一例であり、下記の実施例1及び2のサンプル作製で使用する添加量を例示している。
以下、本促進輸送膜の具体的な膜性能について、ゲル膜中に粒子状の吸湿剤としてシリカゲル粒子を添加した実施例1のサンプルS1~S6、ゲル膜中に粒子状の吸湿剤として界面活性剤を用いて表面改質処理を施したグラファイト粒子を添加した実施例2のサンプルG1~G7、ゲル膜中に粒子状の吸湿剤を添加していない比較例1のサンプルC1~C2、及び、ゲル膜中に粒子状の吸湿剤として表面改質処理を施していないグラファイト粒子を添加した比較例2のサンプルC3を用いて評価した結果を説明する。
製造条件に違いはない。
それぞれ示し、黒四角(■)と白四角(□)はサンプルS1とサンプルC1のH2パーミアンスをそれぞれ示し、図4(B)中の黒三角(▲)と白三角(△)はサンプルS1とサンプルC1のCO2/H2選択性をそれぞれ示している。図4(A)及び(B)の横軸は、実験開始からの経過時間を示している。
ンプルG1のCO2/H2選択性も、時間経過とともに大きく変化しておらず、更に、160℃の温度下で、約350~400という高い値を維持できている。
次に、第1実施形態で説明したCO2促進輸送膜を応用したCO2分離装置及びCO2分離方法について、図8を参照して説明する。尚、CO2分離装置及びCO2分離方法において、CO2分離の対象となる原料ガスは、CO2とCO2促進輸送膜を溶解・拡散機構のみでしか透過しないN2、H2等の所定の主成分ガスを含む混合ガスを想定する。
を透過側空間14に送入する第2送入口16が設けられ、容器12の両側の底部12a,12bの他方側に、CO2の分離された後の原料ガスEGを供給側空間13から排出する第1排出口17と、本促進輸送膜11を透過したCO2を含む透過ガスPGとスイープガスSGの混合された排出ガスSG’を透過側空間14から排出する第2排出口18が設けられている。容器12は、例えば、ステンレス製で、図示していないが、本促進輸送膜11の両端と容器12の両側の底部12a,12bの内壁との間に、一例として、第1実施形態で説明した実験装置と同様に、フッ素ゴム製ガスケットをシール材として介装して、本促進輸送膜11を容器12内に固定している。尚、本促進輸送膜11の固定方法及びシール方法は、上記方法に限定されるものではない。
として利用することができる。
CO + H2O ⇔ CO2 + H2
以下に、別実施形態について説明する。
ミアンスとCO2選択透過性)と同等程度またはそれ以上の膜性能を発現し得る粒子状の吸湿剤であれば、特定の粒子状の吸湿剤に限定されるものではない。例えば、粒子状の吸湿剤の素材は、同様の吸湿性を有するものであれば、シリカゲル及びグラファイトに限定されるものではなく、シリカゲル以外のゼオライト等のケイ素化合物であってもよく、グラファイト以外の活性炭等の炭素系粉体であってもよい。
のCO2促進輸送膜に限定されるものではない。
2: 親水性多孔膜
3: 疎水性多孔膜
10: CO2分離装置
11: CO2促進輸送膜
12: 容器
12a,12b: 容器の底部(上底部,下底部)
13: 供給側空間
14: 透過側空間
15: 第1送入口
16: 第2送入口
17: 第1排出口
18: 第2排出口
FG: 原料ガス
EG: CO2分離後の原料ガス
PG: 透過ガス
SG、SG’: スイープガス
Claims (11)
- 親水性ポリマーのゲル膜中にCO2キャリアと粒子状の吸湿剤を含み、
前記粒子状の吸湿剤が、多孔質のグラファイト粒子であり、
前記グラファイト粒子の表面の撥水性が、界面活性剤による表面改質により軽減されており、
前記グラファイト粒子が、前記ゲル膜中に、前記親水性ポリマーと前記CO 2 キャリアの合計重量に対して0.117重量%~0.583重量%の範囲内で含まれていることを特徴とするCO2促進輸送膜。 - 前記グラファイト粒子が前記ゲル膜中に分散して存在していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 前記グラファイト粒子の粒子径が75μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 前記親水性ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール-ポリアクリル酸塩共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、キトサン、ポリビニルアミン、ポリアリルアミン、及び、ポリビニルピロリドンから選択されるポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 前記CO2キャリアが、アルカリ金属の炭酸塩、アルカリ金属の重炭酸塩、アルカリ金属の水酸化物、及び、アミノ酸の内の少なくとも何れか1つを含んで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 前記ゲル膜がハイドロゲルであることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 前記ゲル膜が、親水性の多孔膜に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜を用いて、所定の主成分ガスとCO2を含む混合ガスを前記CO2促進輸送膜に供給し、前記混合ガスから前記CO2促進輸送膜を透過した前記CO2を分離することを特徴とするCO2分離方法。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜を備え、所定の主成分ガスとCO2を含む混合ガスを前記CO2促進輸送膜に供給し、前記混合ガスから前記CO2促進輸送膜を透過した前記CO2を分離することを特徴とするCO2分離装置。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のCO2促進輸送膜の製造方法であって、
前記親水性ポリマー、前記CO2キャリア、及び、前記グラファイト粒子を含む水溶液からなるゾル溶液を調製する工程と、
前記ゾル溶液を親水性の多孔膜にキャストした後にゲル化して前記ゲル膜を作製する工程と、を有することを特徴とするCO2促進輸送膜の製造方法。 - 前記ゾル溶液を調製する工程において、前記グラファイト粒子を先に添加した純水に、前記親水性ポリマーと前記CO2キャリアを添加して撹拌することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のCO2促進輸送膜の製造方法。
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