JP7143105B2 - Power supply and demand control system, power supply and demand control program, and power supply and demand control method - Google Patents

Description

An embodiment of the present invention relates to an electric power supply and demand control system, an electric power supply and demand control program, and an electric power supply and demand control method for performing supply and demand control of an electric power system.

The demand (load) of the electric power system constantly fluctuates seasonally, temporally, and instantaneously. The load fluctuation of the electric power system is a superimposition of vibration with a small width of change, a pulsating component with a period, and an irregular fluctuation component, and can be divided into the following three components.
Cyclic minutes for minute fluctuations up to a period of several minutes,
Fringes for short-term fluctuations from several minutes to about 10 minutes,
This is the sustain portion of the long-period fluctuation of more than 10 minutes. Of these, the cyclic part can be automatically adjusted by optimizing the characteristics of the governor-free power plant.

As for the fringe, the amount of fluctuation is large, so it cannot be adjusted completely without the governor. Therefore, load frequency control (LFC: Load Frequency Control, hereinafter referred to as LFC) copes with this. LFC is a control that detects electrical changes such as frequency deviation and power fluctuation in the power system and adjusts the output of the generator so as to keep the power flow of the interconnection line and the system frequency constant.

In LFC, a central load dispatching center issues an output adjustment command for each generator (hereinafter also referred to as power generation equipment or power generation unit) in accordance with changes in system frequency and interconnection line power flow with other systems. However, since the LFC is a control that responds to short-period fluctuations, it is not necessary to issue an output adjustment command to all of the power generation units. Specifically, an output adjustment command is issued to an oil-fired thermal power unit, a hydraulic power unit, or the like, which does not pose a problem even if rapid output fluctuations are performed. Also, no output adjustment orders are issued to nuclear power units, coal-fired thermal power units, or the like.

The output change capability of the power plant may be insufficient only with the LFC as described above, and the economic load distribution between the power plants becomes a problem. For this reason, for the sustain component, which is a long-period fluctuation component, the economic operation of the power plant plays a central role in distributing the load to each power plant in the most economical manner.Economic load distribution control (EDC ;Economic load dispatch control, hereinafter referred to as EDC). LFC and EDC are collectively called supply and demand adjustment.

In the EDC, the central load dispatch center issues commands to adjust the output of each generator in response to the slow and large load fluctuations seen in the daily load curve. Slow load changes can be predicted with great accuracy from past experience. Therefore, in EDC, the output distribution of the generators is calculated to determine the output of each generator so as to minimize the cost, that is, the fuel cost, with respect to the predicted load.

In recent years, power system reform has been under consideration, and by 2020, the legal unbundling of general power transmission and distribution companies will be implemented. Along with this, a supply and demand adjustment market will be introduced for general transmission and distribution companies to procure balancing capacity. When designing a supply and demand adjustment market, it is necessary to meet the following requirements: ensuring neutrality in market operations and price transparency, realizing efficient supply and demand adjustment using market mechanisms, and stably procuring the necessary adjustment capacity. be.

For this reason, disclosure of supply and demand adjustment market prices, merit order power generation, utilization of power sources other than conventional general electric utilities and demand response, and mechanisms for evaluating power sources with high adjustment flexibility (power sources for frequency adjustment), etc. is important. In particular, from the perspective of smoothly promoting the introduction of the supply and demand adjustment market, there is a strong need to ensure fairness and transparency regarding the public procurement of reserve capacity and the operation of reserve capacity.

In addition, under the new licensing system, general electricity transmission and distribution utilities will take over ancillary services in place of the former general electricity utilities. Therefore, general power transmission and distribution companies are responsible for procuring the power sources, etc. necessary for the implementation of ancillary services from power generation companies, etc. as adjustment capacity. At the same time, general power transmission and distribution companies can recover the costs necessary to secure flexibility through the transmission charges. In order for the system surrounding such general electricity transmission and distribution business operators to function normally, it is important for general electricity transmission and distribution business operators to ensure fairness and transparency when procuring balancing capacity.

As mentioned above, in the future, general power transmission and distribution companies will have to procure high-quality supply and demand adjustment capabilities, such as frequency maintenance for the entire grid, from the supply and demand adjustment market. Ensuring sexuality is essential. Therefore, general power transmission and distribution companies are required to adjust supply and demand from the neutral standpoint of grid operators with respect to market participants.

JP-A-2001-238355

However, the current LFC and EDC, which are responsible for supply and demand adjustment, do not correspond to the supply and demand adjustment market that is planned to be introduced in the future, so it is difficult to apply the existing LFC and EDC to the supply and demand adjustment market as they are. Therefore, it has been difficult to achieve both the maintenance of neutrality as a system operator required for the establishment of a supply and demand adjustment market and the securing of sufficient supply and demand control performance. Therefore, with a view to future power system reforms, power supply and demand control technology should ensure fairness and transparency when procuring adjustment power from the supply and demand adjustment market, and implement supply and demand control without degrading supply and demand control performance. are required to do so.

This embodiment has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in response to the procurement of adjustment power from the supply and demand adjustment market that is scheduled to be introduced in the future, supply and demand adjustment by merit order based on not only LFC but also EDC. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electric power supply and demand control system, an electric power supply and demand control program, and an electric power supply and demand control method that ensure fairness and transparency when procuring controllable power and exhibit excellent supply and demand control performance.

In order to achieve the above objects, the power supply and demand control system according to this embodiment includes the following components (a) to (f).
(a) A detection unit that detects electrical variation in the power system.
(b) an AR calculator that calculates a regional power demand (AR value) based on the amount of change;
(c) an AR allocating unit that allocates the regionally requested electric power (AR value) based on the merit order of the generators and calculates the AR allocation value for each of the generators;
(d) A real-time EDC calculator for calculating a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator.
(e) A target command value creation unit that creates a target command value for each generator from the AR allocation value and the real-time EDC value.
(f) a transmitter for transmitting the target command value to the generator;

Embodiments of the present invention include an embodiment regarded as a power supply and demand control program that causes a computer to execute the processing of each of the above sections, and an embodiment regarded as a power supply and demand control method in which a computer executes the processing of each of the above sections. be

Block diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment Graph showing total power demand value and generation plan data Graph showing real-time EDC values Flowchart of supply and demand adjustment processing according to the first embodiment Flowchart of AR allocation processing according to the first embodiment Flowchart of AR allocation processing by merit order of the first embodiment Flowchart of area imbalance amount distribution processing in EDC of the first embodiment A diagram showing the breakdown of product design in the supply and demand adjustment market according to the first embodiment Block diagram of the AR distribution unit of the first embodiment Block diagram of the AR distribution unit of the first embodiment Flowchart showing area imbalance amount distribution by EDC of the first embodiment Flowchart of AR allocation processing according to the modification of the first embodiment Flowchart of AR allocation processing according to the modification of the first embodiment Image diagram showing 2-area interconnection according to the second embodiment Image diagram showing interconnection of multiple areas according to the second embodiment Flow chart when performing LFC according to the second embodiment Flowchart for performing EDC according to the second embodiment Block diagram of another embodiment

(First embodiment)
[Constitution]
A power supply and demand control system according to the first embodiment will be specifically described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, when there are a plurality of devices or members having the same configuration, they are given the same number and explained. However, when devices and members having the same configuration are individually described, they are distinguished by adding alphabetic suffixes to common numbers.

(1) Overall configuration The power supply and demand control system according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of power generation equipment 1 connected to a power system 9a, a natural energy power generation equipment 2, a detection device 3, a control device 4, and an MMI (man-machine interface) 5. The electric power system 9a is connected to another system 9b through an interconnection line 9c. Each power generation facility 1 is connected to a control device 4 via a signal line 7 for detection, a signal line 8 for control and an MMI 5 .

In this power supply and demand control system, the following data are input, output, transmitted/received or stored.
a1. Generated power value for each power generation facility 1 b1. Generated power value for each natural energy power generation facility 2 c1. Frequency change amount: ΔF
c2. Amount of power flow change in interconnection line 9c with other system 9b: ΔPT
c3. Interchange power of power system 9a: P0
d1. Target command value f1. Unsmoothed AR value f2. AR value after smoothing f3. Allocated AR value (AR allocation value)
g1. Power generation plan data for one day g2. Previous day demand forecast value g3. Gross end demand value for each day g4. Previous day natural energy forecast value g5. Real-time EDC value (calculation result of economic load distribution)

(2) Power generation facility 1
The power generation facility 1 is a power supply facility that generates power with a generator and supplies power to the power system 9a. In the first embodiment, a plurality of types of power generation equipment 1a to 1n are provided. For example, the power generation equipment 1a is one with a fast output change speed, specifically a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine. The power generation equipment 1b has a slightly slow output change speed, specifically a medium-speed machine such as an oil-fired power machine. The power generation equipment 1n is one whose output change speed is extremely slow, specifically a low-speed machine such as a coal-fired power generator.

These power generation facilities 1 transmit a1 "power generation value of each power generation facility 1" to the control device 4 via the signal line 7 for detection. Also, the power generation equipment 1 receives d1 "target command value" from the control device 4 via the signal line 8 for control, and based on this, the generated power is controlled.

(3) Natural energy power generation facility 2
The natural energy power generation facility 2 is, for example, a power supply facility that generates power with a solar power generation device and supplies power to the power system 9a. The first embodiment is provided with a plurality of natural energy power generation facilities 2a-2n. The natural energy power generation facility 2 is configured to transmit b1 “generated power value for each natural energy power generation facility 2” to the control device 4 .

(4) Detection device 3
The detection device 3 is a measurement device that detects the amount of electrical change in the power system 9a. The detection device 3 is connected to the power system 9a. The detection device 3 detects c1 “frequency change amount ΔF” and c2 “tidal power change amount ΔPT” related to the power system 9a, sets c3 “interchange power P0”, and outputs each data of these c1 to c3 to the control device 4.

(5) Control device 4
The control device 4 is a device composed of a computer such as a personal computer. The control device 4 is usually placed in a control room or the like for monitoring and controlling electric power. The control device 4 inputs a1 transmitted from the power generation facility 1, b1 transmitted from the natural energy power generation facility 2, and c1 to c3 data related to the power system 9a transmitted from the detection device 3, respectively. The control device 4 performs calculations related to supply and demand control, and transmits d1 “target command value” to the power generation facility 1 .

The control device 4 includes, as components, an input unit 41, a transmission unit 42, a target command value creation unit 43, an AR calculation unit 44, an AR smoothing unit 45, an AR allocation unit 46, a total demand calculation unit 47, and a power generation plan data creation unit. 48 , a real-time EDC calculator 49 , a day-ahead demand forecast calculator 50 , and a day-ahead natural energy forecast calculator 51 .

Among the constituent elements of the control device 4, the input section 41 and the transmission section 42 are configured by hardware. Other components, namely target command value generator 43, AR calculator 44, AR smoothing unit 45, AR allocation unit 46, total demand calculator 47, power generation plan data generator 48, real-time EDC calculator 49, day-ahead demand The prediction calculation unit 50 and the previous day natural energy prediction calculation unit 51 are configured by software modules as functional blocks.

The input unit 41 is configured by, for example, a receiving circuit. The input unit 41 is connected to the power generation facility 1 via the signal line 7 on the input side, and is connected to the target command value generating unit 43 on the output side. The input unit 41 inputs a1 “power generation value for each power generation facility 1 ” from the power generation facility 1 and outputs this to the target command value generation unit 43 .

The transmission unit 42 is configured by, for example, a transmission circuit. The transmission unit 42 has an input side connected to the target command value generation unit 43 and an output side connected to the power generation facility 1 via a control signal line 8 . The transmission unit 42 inputs d1 “target command value” from the target command value creation unit 43 and outputs this to the power generation equipment 1 .

The target command value generation unit 43 is connected to the AR allocation unit 46 and the real-time EDC calculation unit 49 on the input side, and is connected to the transmission unit 42 on the output side. The target command value creation unit 43 obtains f3 “distributed AR value (AR distribution value)” from the AR distribution unit 46 and g5 “EDC value (calculation result of economic load distribution)” from the real-time EDC calculation unit 49. input. The target command value creation unit 43 creates d1 “target command value” for each power generation facility 1 from f3 and g5, and outputs this to the transmission unit 42 .

The AR calculator 44 has an input side connected to the natural energy power generation facility 2 and the detection device 3 and an output side connected to the AR smoothing section 45 . The AR calculation unit 44 calculates b1 “generated power value for each natural energy power generation facility 2” from the natural energy power generation facility 2, c1 “frequency change amount ΔF”, c2 “tidal power change amount ΔPT” and c3 “ Input the interchange power P0. The AR calculator 44 calculates f1 “AR value before smoothing” based on the data b1 and c1 to c3, and outputs this to the AR smoother 45 .

The AR smoothing section 45 has an input side connected to the AR calculation section 44 and an output side connected to the AR distribution section 46 and the real-time EDC calculation section 49 . The AR smoothing unit 45 receives f1 “unsmoothed AR value” from the AR calculation unit 44 . The AR smoothing unit 45 performs frequency decomposition based on the f1 “unsmoothed AR value”, obtains f2 “smoothed AR value”, and outputs this to the AR distribution unit 46 and the real-time EDC calculation unit 49 .

The AR distribution unit 46 has an input side connected to the AR smoothing unit 45 and an output side connected to the target command value generation unit 43 . The AR allocation unit 46 inputs f2 "smoothed AR value" from the AR smoothing unit 45, and based on the f2 data, distributes f3 "allocated AR value (AR allocation value)" to each power generation facility 1. Calculate f3 “allocated AR value” is the amount allocated to each power generation facility 1 and is calculated by the AR allocation unit 46 based on the merit order of the power generation facility 1 .

In addition, the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the f3 “distributed AR value” according to the operability of the power generation equipment 1, for example, according to the response time until the power generation equipment 1 is activated. The AR allocation unit 46 outputs data of f3 to each target command value generation unit 43 . Note that the AR distribution processing for each power generation facility 1 by the AR distribution unit 46 will be described in detail when explaining the flowcharts of FIGS. 3 and 4 .

The total demand calculator 47 has an input side connected to the input section 41 and an output side connected to the real-time EDC calculator 49 . The total demand calculation unit 47 inputs the data a1 transmitted from each power generation facility 1 and the data b1 transmitted from each natural energy power generation facility 2 from the input unit 41 respectively. The total demand calculator 47 calculates g3 “daily total demand value at the power generation end” by cumulatively adding the data a1 and b1, and outputs this to the real-time EDC calculator 49 .

The day-ahead demand forecast calculation unit 50 creates g2 “day-ahead demand forecast value” as operation data, and outputs this to the power generation plan data creation unit 48 . The previous day natural energy prediction calculation unit 51 creates g4 “previous day natural energy prediction value” as operation data, and outputs this to the power generation plan data creation unit 48 . The prediction data g2 and g4 may be calculated at predetermined time intervals and updated to new prediction values.

The power generation plan data creation unit 48 calculates g1 "1 "Daily power generation plan data" is created and output to the real-time EDC calculator 49.

The real-time EDC calculator 49 has an input side connected to the total demand calculator 47 , the power generation plan data generator 48 and the AR smoothing section 45 , and an output side connected to each target command value generator 43 . The real-time EDC calculation unit 49 receives g1 “power generation plan data for one day” from the power generation plan data creation unit 48, g3 “daily total power generation end demand value” from the total demand calculation unit 47, f2 Input "AR value after smoothing".

The real-time EDC calculation unit 49 performs economic load distribution based on these data g1, g3, and f2, and calculates g5 “real-time EDC value” as the calculation result of economic load distribution for each power generation facility 1 according to the merit order of the power generation facility 1. Calculate to The g5 "real-time EDC value" is a generated power value schedule-distributed to each power generation facility 1 so that the power supply and demand control system as a whole is economical.

Specifically, g5 “real-time EDC value” is obtained by subtracting g1 “1-day power generation plan data” from g3 “daily power generation end total demand value” and adding f2 “smoothed AR value”. Calculate (g5=g3-g1+f2). For example, the data shown in FIG. 2 are g3 "total demand value at power generation end" and g1 "power generation plan data for one day", and the data shown in FIG. 3 is g5 "real-time EDC value". Here, it is assumed that the post-smoothing AR value=0. The real-time EDC calculator 49 outputs the calculated g5 “real-time EDC value” to each target command value generator 43 .

Also, the real-time EDC calculator 49 distributes the area imbalance amount for EDC in its own area according to the merit order of the power generation equipment 1 . When allocating the imbalance amount, the real-time EDC calculator 49 equally allocates the area imbalance amount according to the EDC cycle. Furthermore, the real-time EDC calculation unit 49 distributes the area imbalance amount according to the operating capability of the power generation equipment 1 . Note that the area imbalance amount distribution processing by the real-time EDC calculator 49 will be described in detail when explaining the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 9 .

The area imbalance amount is the difference between the allocated power amount and the requested power amount in a certain area in the future time period. If the amount of power requested is larger than the amount of power allocated (that is, the AR value is positive), it means that the amount of area imbalance is insufficient=the amount of power to be procured is insufficient. Conversely, if the amount of power requested is smaller than the amount of power allocated (that is, the AR value is negative), it means that the amount of area imbalance is excessive=the amount of power to be procured is excessive.

[Action]
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a power supply and demand control program built into the control device 4. As shown in FIG. The control device 4 performs operations and calculations according to the procedure shown in FIG. In step S20, the AR calculation unit 44, via the communication unit (not shown in the figure), from the natural energy power generation equipment 2 b1 "generated power value of each natural energy power generation equipment 2" and from the detection device 3 c1 "frequency Input the amount of change ΔF”, c2 “flow power change amount ΔPT”, and c3 “interchange power P0”.

The AR calculation unit 44 calculates f1 "AR value before smoothing" based on the input b1, c1 to c3 by the following arithmetic expression (1).
AR value before smoothing = -K ΔF + ΔPT (1)
AR value: Area demand power [MW]
K: system constant [MW/Hz]
ΔF: frequency deviation [Hz]
ΔPT: Amount of change in tidal power in the interconnection line In the above equation (1), the tidal flow direction of the power flowing into the own system is taken as a positive value.

In step S21, the AR smoothing unit 45 calculates f2 "AR value after smoothing" by frequency-decomposing f1 "AR value before smoothing" by Fourier expansion. In step S22, the AR distribution unit 46 calculates f3 "distributed AR value" based on f2 "smoothed AR value". Steps S201-204 are performed in parallel with steps S20-22 described above.

In step S201, the previous day demand forecast calculation unit 50 obtains g2 "previous day demand forecast value", and the previous day natural energy forecast calculation unit 51 obtains g4 "previous day natural energy forecast value". Output to unit 48 . In step S202, the power generation plan data creation unit 48 creates g1 "power generation plan data for one day" based on g2 "previous day demand forecast value" and g4 "previous day natural energy forecast value", and uses this data for real-time EDC calculation. Output to unit 49 .

In step S203, the total demand calculation unit 47 cumulatively adds a1 "generated power value for each power generation facility 1" and b1 "generated power value for each natural energy power generation facility 2", g3 "daily power generation end This data is output to the real-time EDC calculator 49 .

In step S204, based on g1 "power generation plan data for one day", g3 "total demand value at the power generation end for each day", and f2 "AR value after smoothing" frequency-resolved by the AR smoothing unit 45 in step S21, The real-time EDC calculator 49 performs economic load distribution for each power generation facility 1 and calculates g5 “real-time EDC value” for each power generation facility 1 . The real-time EDC calculator 49 outputs g5 “real-time EDC value” to each target command value generator 43 .

In step S23, each target command value creation unit 43 inputs f3 "distributed AR value" from the AR allocation unit 46 and g5 "real time EDC value" from the real-time EDC calculation unit 49, and converts these data into d1 "target command value" for each power generation facility 1 is calculated based on the above. In step S24, the target command value creation unit 43 outputs d1 “target command value” to the transmission unit 42. FIG. The transmission unit 42 transmits d1 “target command value” to each power generation facility 1 . In step S25, each power generation facility 1 receives d1 "target command value" from the transmission unit 42. FIG.

Next, the calculation of the AR distribution value for each power generation facility 1 by the AR distribution unit 46 will be described with reference to FIG. The flowchart of the computer program of the AR allocation unit 46 shown in FIG. 5 is the details of step S22 in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, in step S41, the AR allocation unit 46 obtains f2 "post-smoothing AR value" obtained by frequency-resolving f1 "pre-smoothing AR value" by the AR smoothing unit 45 by Fourier expansion. In step S42, the AR allocator 46 determines whether the f2 "smoothed AR value", ie, the frequency-resolved regional demand power (AR value), has a period of several tens of seconds to one or two minutes.

Regarding the area demanded electric power (AR value) (“YES” in S42), which has a period of several tens of seconds to 1 or 2 minutes, of the “smoothed AR value” f2, the process proceeds to step S43. In step S43, the AR allocation unit 46 allocates the area demanded electric power (AR value), which is determined to have a period of several tens of seconds to one or two minutes, so that the high-speed generator (for example, hydraulic power generator) will share it. do.

Among f2 "smoothed AR value", for the area demanded electric power (AR value) that does not correspond to the period of several tens of seconds to 1 or 2 minutes ("NO" in S42), the process proceeds to step S44. In step S44, the AR distribution unit 46 determines that the regional demand power (AR value) determined not to correspond to a period of several tens of seconds to one or two minutes in the f2 “smoothed AR value” It is determined whether it is a division period.

Of f2 "smoothed AR value", for the area demanded electric power (AR value) ("YES" in S44) with a cycle of 1 or 2 minutes to several minutes, the process proceeds to step S45. In step S45, the AR allocation unit 46 allocates the area demanded electric power (AR value) determined to have a cycle of 1, 2 minutes to several minutes so that the low-speed generator (eg, coal-fired power generator) will share it. do.

On the other hand, of the f2 "smoothed AR value", for the area demanded electric power (AR value) that does not correspond to the cycle of one or two minutes to several minutes ("NO" in S44), the process proceeds to step S46. In step S45, the AR allocating unit 46 allocates the area demanded electric power (AR value) determined not to correspond to the cycle of 1, 2 minutes to several minutes so as to be shared by the EDC target generators. .

As described above, in the AR allocating unit 46, high-speed machines (for example, hydraulic machines) take charge of short fluctuation period components (several tens of seconds to 1.2 minutes), The regional demand power (AR value) is shared by the low-speed machine (for example, thermal power machine) for those with a period of up to several minutes, and the EDC generator shares the longer fluctuation period component (more than several minutes). Allocate. In other words, in the first embodiment, processing is performed to divide the AR allocation amount according to the fluctuation cycle component of the regional demand power (AR value).

<LFC>
The LFC in the first embodiment will be explained. When distributing the regional demand power (AR value) by LFC, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, the regional demand power ( AR value) is calculated to smooth the regional demand power (AR value). After that, the regional demand power (AR value) is distributed to the power generation equipment 1 that is the target of the LFC.

A frequency bias interconnection line power control system (hereinafter referred to as TBC) is adopted as a control system for the LFC of this embodiment. TBC detects the amount of frequency change (ΔF) and the amount of change in tidal power (ΔPT) in the interconnection line, calculates the regional power demand (AR), and generates power according to the regional demand power (AR value) This is a control method for controlling the output of the equipment 1.

The following method is also known as an LFC control method.
(a) Constant frequency control (FFC): A control that detects the amount of frequency change (ΔF), adjusts the output of the power generation equipment 1 so as to reduce ΔF, and controls only the frequency of the system to keep it at a specified value. method.

(b) Constant interconnection power control (FTC): Detects the amount of change in tidal power (ΔPT) in the interconnection line, adjusts the output of the power generation equipment 1 so as to reduce ΔPT, and controls the tidal power in the interconnection line A control method that controls to keep only the specified value.

Also, in the LFC, when the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the regional demand power (AR value), it has hitherto been distributed according to the output change speed ratio or the output margin ratio of the power generation equipment 1 . However, in the future, since general transmission and distribution companies will secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market, it will be necessary to adjust supply and demand based on a merit order from the neutral standpoint of grid operators with respect to market participants.

Therefore, in the first embodiment, when LFC is performed, first, the area imbalance amount corresponding to LFC in the own area is determined, and then the AR distribution unit 46 determines the area demand power (AR value). FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of allocating the power generation equipment 1 according to the merit order in the LFC.

As shown in FIG. 6, the AR allocation unit 46 determines the area imbalance amount for the LFC period (for example, 10-second period) (step S51), and then creates a merit order list (step S52). After that, until all the regionally requested power (AR value) is distributed, the regionally requested power (AR value) is distributed according to the merit order list after considering the output change speed constraint and the upper and lower limit constraints of the LFC cycle in each power generation facility 1. Allocate (steps S53 to 56). When the AR distribution unit 46 completes the distribution of all the regionally requested electric power (AR value) (Yes in step S53), the target command value creation unit 43 generates the distribution result of the regionally requested electric power (AR value) f3 "AR distribution d1 'target command value' including 'value' is sent to each power generation facility 1 (step S57).

<EDC>
When EDC is performed in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. The real-time EDC calculator 49 takes in the g3 “total demand value at the power generation end for each day” and the f2 “smoothed AR value” from the AR smoothing unit 45 . The real-time EDC calculator 49 calculates g5 “real-time EDC value” for each power generation facility 1 .

When the real-time EDC calculation unit 49 distributes the area imbalance amount in the EDC to each power generation facility 1, conventionally, the output of the power generation facility 1 is determined so as to minimize the cost, that is, to reduce the fuel cost. . However, in the future, as with the AR allocation by the LFC, EDC will be required to secure supply and demand adjustment capacity from the supply and demand adjustment market.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the real-time EDC calculator 49 distributes the area imbalance amount for EDC in its own area according to the merit order of the power generation equipment 1 . Allocation processing of the amount of area imbalance in EDC will be described according to the flowchart of FIG.

In the future supply and demand adjustment market, transactions are assumed to occur in units of 30 minutes instead of the general EDC cycle of 5 minutes. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the area imbalance amount for 30 minutes is equally divided into, for example, area imbalance amounts in a 5-minute cycle. That is, in the present embodiment, the area imbalance amount for 30 minutes is divided into 6 times, and the area imbalance amount for "5 minutes" is distributed.

As shown in FIG. 7, the real-time EDC calculator 49 determines an area imbalance amount for an EDC cycle (for example, a 5-minute cycle) (step S61). Subsequently, a merit order list is created (step S62). After that, until all the area imbalance amounts are distributed, the area imbalance amounts are distributed according to the merit order list after considering the output change speed constraint and the upper and lower limits of the EDC cycle in each power generation equipment 1 (steps S63 to 66).

When the real-time EDC calculator 49 completes distribution of all area imbalance amounts (Yes in step S63), the target command value generator 43 sends d1 "target command value" to each power generation facility 1 (step 67). . d1 "target command value" includes g5 "real-time EDC value" as the distribution result of the area imbalance amount.

In the present embodiment, the distribution of the area demand power (AR value) by LFC and the distribution of the area imbalance amount by EDC are performed according to the merit order of the power generation equipment 1 as described above. In other words, in the present embodiment, supply and demand adjustment is performed by merit order based on not only LFC but also EDC.

<Segmentation of adjustment power>
Furthermore, in the supply and demand adjustment market in the future, it is thought that the "adjustment capacity", which is a product category, will be further subdivided for each control category. For example, as a future supply and demand adjustment market, as shown in Fig. 8, for each control category, there are a total of 10 categories of products with "primary control capacity", "secondary control capacity", and "tertiary control capacity" (both for raising and lowering). It is assumed that there will be a distinction Therefore, it is required to distribute more coordination power inside the LFC and EDC as well. In the following, a description will be given of how the LFC and EDC of this embodiment deal with the segmentation of the adjustment force.

<Segmentation of adjustment power in LFC>
As shown in Fig. 8, the LFC has two control powers, the primary control power (GF equivalent frame) and the primary and secondary control power (GF/LFC), and the raising and lowering of each control power. Therefore, there are four product categories. As described above, in the LFC, by allocating the regional demand power (AR value) to each power generation facility 1, the adjustment power is shared.

The AR distribution unit 46 of the first embodiment performs frequency decomposition of the regional power demand (AR value), and distributes the regional power demand (AR value) according to the operating capability of the power generation equipment 1, thereby subdividing Corresponds to adjustability. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of the AR allocator 46 that allocates the regionally requested power (AR value).

In the AR allocation unit 46 shown in FIG. 9, the regional requested power (AR value) in its own area is arranged in order from the one with the longest fluctuation period of the regional requested power (AR value), that is, from the power generation equipment 1 with the slow response time until activation. Allocate In the AR distribution unit 46 shown in FIG. 10, contrary to the case shown in FIG. 9, the power generation equipment 1 is arranged in order from the one with the shortest variation period of the regional demand power (AR value), that is, from the power generation equipment 1 with the shortest response time to activation. , distributes the regional demand power (AR value) in its own area.

The low-pass filters or high-pass filters shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are set according to the "response time until activation" for each product category shown in FIG. It is configured to distribute each adjustment force of the next adjustment force (2). As indicated by balloons in FIGS. 9 and 10, AR0 is the "secondary adjusting force (2)", AR1 is the "secondary adjusting force", and AR3 is the "primary adjusting force".

It should be noted that the "secondary control power (2)" is originally considered to be shared by the EDC function in FIG. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the part of "Shared by EDC" is f2 "AR value after smoothing". In the regional demand power (AR value) that fluctuates from moment to moment, the "secondary control power (2)" shown in FIG.

Therefore, when distributing the regional demand power (AR value) in order from the long-period component shown in FIG. share. Therefore, according to the AR distribution unit 46 shown in FIG. 9, the power generation equipment 1 can share all of the regionally requested electric power (AR value) without leaving the regionally requested electric power (AR value) left over, and sufficient It becomes possible to maintain the demand and supply control performance.

The same applies to the case of distributing in order from the short period component as shown in FIG. 10, and the finally remaining period component (AR0) is shared by the "secondary adjustment force (2)". As a result, even in the AR distribution unit 46 shown in FIG. 10, the power generation equipment 1 can share all of the regionally requested power (AR value) without leaving the regionally requested power (AR value), and sufficient It becomes possible to maintain the demand and supply control performance.

<Segmentation of adjustment power in EDC>
As shown in Figure 8, the EDC has two control forces, the secondary control force (2) "EDC-H" and the tertiary control force (1) "EDC-L". Looking down, there are four product categories. In other words, in EDC, there are two types of control forces, the secondary control force (2) and the tertiary control force (1). Therefore, it is necessary to distribute the area imbalance amount corresponding to EDC to two types of area imbalance amounts.

In this embodiment, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 11, the real-time EDC calculator 49 determines the area imbalance amount in the EDC cycle (eg, 5-minute cycle) (step S71), The area imbalance amount is distributed between the secondary controllability (2) and the tertiary controllability (1) according to the rate of change, reserve power, and the like (step S72).

Subsequently, a merit order list of the secondary reserve capacity (2) and a merit order list of the tertiary reserve capacity (1) are created (steps S73, 74), and based on each merit order, the secondary reserve capacity ( 2) and distribute the tertiary adjusting force (1) (steps S75, 76). In step S97, the target command value creation unit 43 sends d1 "target command value" to each power generation facility 1 (step S77).

[effect]
(1) According to the first embodiment, the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the regional demand power (AR value) in its own area according to the merit order of the power generation equipment 1, and the real-time EDC calculation unit 49 also distributes the power generation equipment 1 according to the merit order Distribute the EDC target imbalance amount in the own area based on.

In this embodiment, when securing supply and demand adjustment capability in the future supply and demand adjustment market, supply and demand adjustment can be performed by merit order based on not only LFC but also EDC. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to procure balancing power from the supply and demand balancing market while maintaining the neutrality of system operators. This makes it possible to ensure fairness and transparency when procuring controllability.

(2) In the AR allocation unit 46 of the first embodiment, the power generation equipment 1 that has the slowest response time to activation or the power generation equipment 1 that has the fastest response time to activation is ordered in order of the regional power demand (AR value). That is, by distributing the regional demand power (AR value) according to the operating capacity of the power generation equipment 1, it is possible to reliably cope with the fragmentation of the adjustment capacity in the LFC.

(3) The real-time EDC calculator 49 also distributes the area imbalance amount according to the operating capability of the power generation equipment 1 . Therefore, even if the adjustment power in the EDC is subdivided, it can be dealt with reliably. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to perform supply and demand management without deteriorating the supply and demand control performance even when the supply and demand adjustment market in which the supply and demand adjustment capacity is subdivided is procured.

(Modification of the first embodiment)
By the way, the LFC has a short control cycle, which is several minutes or less, for example, 10 seconds. Therefore, compared with EDC whose control cycle is several minutes or longer, it may be difficult to adjust the cost. Therefore, the LFC may not be able to ensure sufficient demand-supply control performance in demand-supply adjustment based on the merit order.

Therefore, in the modified example of the first embodiment, after determining the LFC-equivalent regional power demand (AR value) in its own area, in addition to the merit order-based distribution method, the following two pattern distribution methods are applied to the regional power demand ( AR value) may be distributed.

(AR distribution in descending order of output change speed)
One is a system in which the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the regional demand power (AR value) in descending order of the output change rate of the power generation equipment 1 . As shown in FIG. 12 , the AR allocation unit 46 determines the area demanded power (AR value) for the LFC control period (also referred to as the LFC period, for example, a 10-second period) (step S81). A list is created (step S82).

After that, until all the regional requested power (AR value) is distributed, after considering the output change speed constraint and the upper and lower limits of the LFC cycle in each power generation equipment 1, the AR distribution unit 46 follows the output change speed list. Power (AR value) is distributed (steps S83-86). When the AR distribution unit 46 completes the distribution of all the regionally requested electric power (AR value) (Yes in step S83), the target command value generating unit 43 obtains f3 "AR distribution value to each power generation equipment 1 (step S87).

(AR allocation according to output change speed ratio)
The other is a method in which the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the regional demand power (AR value) according to the output change speed ratio of the power generation equipment 1 . As shown in FIG. 13, after determining the regionally requested power (AR value) for the LFC cycle (for example, a 10-second cycle) (step S91), the AR allocation unit 46 distributes the regionally requested power (AR value). A total value of the output change speeds of all the power generation equipment 1 is calculated (step S92).

Then, the AR distribution unit 46 distributes the regionally requested electric power (AR value) according to the output change speed ratio (step S93). At that time, the AR distribution unit 46 distributes all the regionally requested electric power (AR value) to each power generation equipment 1 while considering the output change speed constraint and the upper/lower limit constraint of the LFC cycle (steps S94 to S96). When the AR distribution unit 46 completes the distribution of all the regionally requested power (AR values), the target command value generating unit 43 generates d1 " target command value” is sent to each power generation facility 1 (step S97).

Regarding the distribution of the regionally requested power (AR value), basically, the regionally requested power (AR value) is frequency-decomposed in FIG. are distributed according to the flow shown in FIGS. 6, 12, and 13 above. In S51 of FIG. 6, S81 of FIG. 12 and S91 of FIG. ) refers to the process of decomposing the "LFC function" shown in FIG. 8 into primary and secondary control forces.

According to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to smoothly distribute the frequency-resolved regional demand power (AR value) in descending order of the output change speed of the generator or according to the output change speed ratio of the generator. can. In these embodiments, it is possible to ensure fairness and transparency at the time of procuring adjustment capacity by adjusting supply and demand in the EDC according to merit order, and to ensure better supply and demand control performance.

(Second embodiment)
A second embodiment according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. FIG. In the first embodiment described above, it is assumed that a general power transmission and distribution business operator operates an ancillary service that was provided by a former general electric utility company using its own power generation equipment. This is what the current power company supplies power to within its own area.

However, in the future, it is conceivable not only to supply power within the company's own area, but also to supply power that is interconnected with other areas in order to ensure wide-area controllability. Therefore, the second embodiment is an electric power supply and demand control system using LFC and EDC that corresponds to the supply and demand adjustment market based on wide area supply and demand.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, when considering power supply by interconnection in two areas or two or more areas, the power supply is based on the adjustment power (shared adjustment power with areas of other companies) that is the total adjustment amount of each area. This is expected to reduce the required amount. Basically, the power supply of the first embodiment can be performed even in a plurality of areas.

However, when trying to respond to the supply and demand adjustment market based on wide-area supply and demand, it is essential to secure the necessary interconnection lines in order to be able to use the adjustment capacity procured from other companies' areas and the shared adjustment capacity. Therefore, depending on the situation, it is assumed that accommodation across multiple areas may not be possible.

In view of such a situation, when considering the area demand power (AR value) in LFC in multiple areas as shown in FIGS. The FFC method will be used without considering the system power flow. In that case, the area demand power (AR value) is calculated by the formula (2).

AR value = -K ΔF (2)
AR value: Area demand power [MW]
K: System constant [MW/Hz] (whole area)
ΔF: frequency deviation [Hz]
In this way, the regional power demand (AR value) for the entire area is calculated using equation (2), and the regional power demand (AR value) is distributed over the entire area.

[Structure and action]
Therefore, in the second embodiment, in the wide-area ISO shown in FIGS. are placed. Also, the AR allocation unit 46 receives the determination result of the determination unit 52 and allocates the regionally requested electric power (AR value).

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing AR allocation processing in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, when distributing the regional power demand (AR value) to the entire area (step S101), it is checked whether inter-area interchange is possible (step S102), and if possible ( Yes at step S102), the normal regional demand power (AR value) is distributed (step S103). On the other hand, if inter-area accommodation is not possible (No in step S102), the area demand power (AR value) is calculated by dividing into individual areas A to D (step S104). The area demand power (AR value) is distributed within D (step S105).

Also, distribution of the area imbalance amount in EDC can be similarly considered. In the second embodiment, the EDC imbalance amount for all areas is distributed to each power generation facility 1 . In the second embodiment, the determination unit 52 determines whether or not the EDC imbalance amounts in a plurality of areas can be accommodated across the areas. The real-time EDC calculator 49 receives the determination result of the determination unit 52 and distributes the EDC imbalance amount.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing imbalance amount processing in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, when distributing all imbalance amounts in all areas (step S111), it is checked whether power interchange between areas is possible (step S112), and if possible (step S112 Yes), the normal imbalance amount distribution method is adopted (step S113), and the imbalance amount is distributed to all areas. If inter-area power interchange is not possible (No in step S112), the area imbalance amount is calculated by dividing into individual areas A to D (step S114). The imbalance amount is distributed (step S115).

[effect]
According to the second embodiment, when inter-area interchange is performed, it is possible to distribute the regional demand power (AR value) and distribute the imbalance amount of all areas while actually checking the amount of interchange, Control performance as LFC and EDC is further improved.

(Other embodiments)
Although embodiments including modifications have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof. Below is an example.

For example, the natural energy power generation equipment 2 is a photovoltaic power generation device, but is not limited to this. The natural energy power generation facility 2 may be wind power generation, ocean current power generation, or geothermal power generation. Although the input unit 41 is a receiving circuit, it is not limited to this. The input unit 41 may be an input device such as a memory port or a keyboard. In the above embodiment, the power generation equipment 1a is a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine, and the power generation equipment 1b is an oil-fired power machine, but the types of the power generation equipment 1a to 1n are not limited to these. Moreover, the number of power generation facilities 1a to 1n may be arbitrary.

In the above embodiment, in step S42 shown in FIG. 5, as an example, the regional demand power (AR) value with a period of several tens of seconds to 1 or 2 minutes is determined among the f2 "smoothed AR values". However, the period of the determined area demand power (AR) value is not limited to several tens of seconds to a minute or two. Further, in step S44, as an example, among the f2 "smoothed AR value", the regional demand power (AR) value with a period of 1 or 2 minutes to several minutes is determined. The period of the (AR) value is not limited to one or two minutes to several minutes.

As an electric power supply and demand control system after the operation of the supply and demand adjustment market shown in FIG. 8, as shown in FIG. You may make it distribute the balance amount. In addition, since GF is an automatic adjustment function of the frequency provided in the generator, it does not give a command intentionally. Therefore, in GF based on the merit order, if the grid frequency decreases, the generator output will automatically increase based on the merit order, and if the grid frequency increases, the generator output will automatically decrease based on the merit order. Become.

1, 1a to 1n power generation equipment 2, 2a to 2n natural energy power generation equipment 3 detection device 4 control device 5 MMI (man-machine interface)
Signal lines for detection 8, 8a to 8n Signal lines for control 9, 9a Power system 9b Other power system 9c Interconnection line 41 , 41a to 41n input unit 42, 42a to 42n transmission unit 43 target command value generation unit 44 AR calculation unit 45 AR smoothing unit 46 AR allocation unit 47 Total demand calculation unit 48 Power generation plan data creation unit 49 Real-time EDC calculation unit 50 Previous day demand forecast calculation unit 51 Previous day natural energy forecast calculation unit 52 Judgment unit

Claims (8)

a detection unit that detects an amount of electrical change in the electric power system;
an AR calculation unit that calculates a regional demand power (AR value) based on the amount of change;
an AR allocation unit that allocates the regionally requested electric power (AR value) based on the merit order of the generators and calculates the AR allocation value for each of the generators;
a real-time EDC calculation unit that calculates a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator;
a target command value creation unit that creates a target command value for each generator from the AR allocation value and the real-time EDC value;
and a transmission unit that transmits the target command value to the generator. a detection unit that detects an amount of electrical change in the electric power system;
an AR calculation unit that calculates a regional demand power (AR value) based on the amount of change;
an AR allocation unit that allocates the regionally requested electric power (AR value) in descending order of output change rate of the generator and calculates the AR allocation value for each of the generators;
a real-time EDC calculator that calculates a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator;
a target command value creation unit that creates a target command value for each generator from the AR allocation value and the real-time EDC value;
a transmission unit that transmits the target command value to the generator;
Power supply and demand control system with The real-time EDC calculation unit calculates a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator, and procures the real-time EDC value from a power supply parallel to its own area and a supply and demand adjustment market . 3. The electric power supply and demand control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an imbalance amount in controllability is distributed , and the real-time EDC value is included as a distribution result of the imbalance amount . 4. The electric power supply and demand control system according to claim 3, wherein said real-time EDC calculator allocates said imbalance amount in said controllability according to the operability of said generator. An AR determination unit that determines whether or not the regionally requested power (AR value) in multiple areas can be interchanged across areas,
The AR allocation unit receives the judgment result of the AR judgment unit and distributes the regional required power (AR value) among a plurality of areas if inter-area accommodation is possible, and if inter-area accommodation is not possible 5. The electric power supply and demand control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein, for example, the regional demand electric power (AR value) is distributed within each area. An imbalance amount determination unit that determines whether or not the imbalance amount in multiple areas can be accommodated across areas,
The real-time EDC calculation unit receives the determination result of the imbalance amount determination unit and distributes the imbalance amount among a plurality of areas if inter-area accommodation is possible, and if inter-area accommodation is not possible 4. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 3, wherein said imbalance amount is distributed within each area. A detection process for detecting an electrical change in the power system;
AR calculation processing for calculating a regional demand power (AR value) based on the amount of change;
AR allocation processing for allocating the regionally requested electric power (AR value) based on the merit order of the generator and calculating the AR allocation value for each of the generators;
a real-time EDC calculation process for calculating a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator;
A target command value creation process for creating a target command value for each generator from the AR allocation value and the real-time EDC value;
a transmission process for transmitting the target command value to the generator;
A program for power supply and demand control that causes a computer to execute A detection process for detecting an electrical change in the power system;
AR calculation processing for calculating a regional demand power (AR value) based on the amount of change;
AR allocation processing for allocating the regionally requested electric power (AR value) based on the merit order of the generator and calculating the AR allocation value for each of the generators;
a real-time EDC calculation process for calculating a real-time EDC value for each generator based on the merit order of the generator;
A target command value creation process for creating a target command value for each generator from the AR allocation value and the real-time EDC value;
a transmission process for transmitting the target command value to the generator;
A computer-implemented power supply and demand control method.

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