JP7142552B2 - METHOD FOR SELECTING HYDRAULIC COMPOSITION FOR EXTRUSION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MODEL - Google Patents

METHOD FOR SELECTING HYDRAULIC COMPOSITION FOR EXTRUSION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MODEL Download PDF

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JP7142552B2
JP7142552B2 JP2018227575A JP2018227575A JP7142552B2 JP 7142552 B2 JP7142552 B2 JP 7142552B2 JP 2018227575 A JP2018227575 A JP 2018227575A JP 2018227575 A JP2018227575 A JP 2018227575A JP 7142552 B2 JP7142552 B2 JP 7142552B2
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hydraulic composition
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昌周 宮本
伸平 前堀
洋二 小川
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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本発明は、混練物を押し出して造形する方式の付加製造装置(押出し方式付加製造装置、3Dプリンタ)に適した水硬性組成物を選択するための方法等に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and the like for selecting a hydraulic composition suitable for an additive manufacturing apparatus (extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus, 3D printer) in which a kneaded material is extruded to form a shape.

モルタル、コンクリート、およびセメントペースト硬化体等のセメント質硬化体に意匠性を付与する方法の一つに、化粧型枠を用いて成形する方法があり、現在、種々の化粧型枠が知られている。例えば、コンクリート表面に目地を含む凹凸の意匠を形成する合成樹脂発泡体製の化粧型枠(特許文献1)、表面側に凹凸状の意匠を有する化粧型枠の意匠板部材の裏面側に係止部を有し、該係止部により化粧型枠本体に化粧型枠の意匠板部材が係止されている化粧型枠(特許文献2)、セメント成形硬化用の型枠の底面上に、合成弾性重合体材料からなり、所望の表面凹凸模様を有する意匠転写材(特許文献3)、コンクリートに接する表面に凹凸模様を有し、裏面を型枠パネルに取り付けるコンクリート打設用の化粧型枠(特許文献4)、および、半水石膏を結合材として用いて、無機粉体、水溶性ポリマー、および石膏硬化促進剤を特定量含む混合粉体であって、鋳造用立体造形物を構成するための混合粉体等が提案されている(特許文献5)。 One of the methods of imparting design to cementitious hardened bodies such as mortar, concrete, and cement paste hardened bodies is molding using a decorative formwork. Currently, various decorative formworks are known. there is For example, it relates to the back side of the design plate member of a decorative formwork made of synthetic resin foam that forms an uneven design including joints on the concrete surface (Patent Document 1), and the decorative formwork that has an uneven design on the surface side. On the bottom surface of the formwork for cement molding and hardening, a decorative formwork (Patent Document 2) having a stop portion and a design plate member of the decorative formwork being locked to the main body of the decorative formwork by the locking part, A design transfer material made of a synthetic elastic polymer material and having a desired uneven pattern on the surface (Patent Document 3), a decorative form for placing concrete having an uneven pattern on the surface in contact with concrete and having the back surface attached to a formwork panel (Patent Document 4), and a mixed powder containing specific amounts of an inorganic powder, a water-soluble polymer, and a gypsum hardening accelerator using gypsum hemihydrate as a binder, and constituting a three-dimensional object for casting. A mixed powder or the like for this purpose has been proposed (Patent Document 5).

しかし、これらの文献の記載から明らかなように、付与できる形状は凹凸模様などの単調なデザインに止まり、繊細かつ多様なデザインをセメント質硬化体に付与することは難しかった。その理由の一つに、セメント質硬化体の原料である従来の水硬性組成物では、繊細な形状を形成して保持できるレベルの造形性を有していないことが挙げられる。
以上のように、繊細かつ多様なデザインをセメント質硬化体に付与できる、造形性に優れた水硬性組成物は、現在のところ見あたらない。
However, as is clear from the descriptions in these documents, the shapes that can be imparted are limited to monotonous designs such as uneven patterns, and it has been difficult to impart delicate and diverse designs to cementitious hardened bodies. One of the reasons for this is that conventional hydraulic compositions, which are raw materials for cementitious hardened bodies, do not have a level of sculptability capable of forming and retaining a delicate shape.
As described above, at present, there is no hydraulic composition that can impart delicate and diverse designs to hardened cementitious bodies and is excellent in sculptability.

特開2001-277227号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-277227 特開平10-266558号公報JP-A-10-266558 特開平08-011110号公報JP-A-08-011110 特開平07-279424号公報JP-A-07-279424 特開2015-100999号公報JP 2015-100999 A

そこで、本発明は、押出し方式付加製造装置に適した水硬性組成物を選択するための方法と、繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を製造できる水硬性組成物等を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for selecting a hydraulic composition suitable for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus, and to provide a hydraulic composition and the like capable of manufacturing molded objects having delicate and diverse designs. do.

本発明者は、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、特定の選択基準を満たす水硬性組成物を用いれば、繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を製造できることを見い出し、本発明を完成させた。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の構成を有する押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物(以下「水硬性組成物」と略す場合もある。)の選択方法等である。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention found that moldings with delicate and diverse designs can be produced by using a hydraulic composition that satisfies specific selection criteria, and completed the present invention. let me
That is, the present invention is a method for selecting a hydraulic composition for extrusion-type additive manufacturing equipment (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "hydraulic composition") having the following constitution.

[1]水硬性組成物のゼロ打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F/D)が75以下、および、水硬性組成物の15打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F15/D)が80~110であることを選択基準として、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を選択する、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。
[2]混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の前記F/Dが75以下、および、混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の前記F15/Dが80~110である、前記[1]に記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。
[3]混練時の注水から30分を超え、60分以内の時点における前記F/Dが75以下、および、混練時の注水から30分を超え、60分以内の時点におけるF15/Dが80~110である、前記[1]に記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。
[4]さらに、硬度補正値(Ha)が0.15以上であることを選択基準として、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を選択する、前記前記[1]~[]のいずれかに記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。
[5]内径が4~25mmの押出しノズルを備えた押出し方式付加製造装置と、前記[1]~[]のいずれかに記載の選択基準を満たす押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を用いて造形物を製造する、造形物の製造方法。
[1] The ratio (F 0 /D) of the zero stroke flow of the hydraulic composition/the density of the hydraulic composition is 75 or less , and the ratio of the 15 stroke flow of the hydraulic composition/the density of the hydraulic composition ( A method for selecting a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus, wherein a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus is selected based on the selection criterion that F 15 /D) is 80 to 110 .
[ 2 ] The above [ 1 ], the method for selecting a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing device.
[3] The F 0 /D is 75 or less within 60 minutes from the injection of water during kneading, and the F 15 /D at the time of more than 30 minutes and within 60 minutes from injection of water during kneading. is 80 to 110, the method for selecting a hydraulic composition for extrusion-type addition manufacturing equipment according to [1 ] .
[4] Any one of the above [1] to [ 3 ], further selecting a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus based on the selection criteria that the hardness correction value (Ha) is 0.15 or more. A method for selecting a hydraulic composition for extrusion-based additive manufacturing equipment as described.
[5] Using an extrusion-type additive manufacturing device equipped with an extrusion nozzle having an inner diameter of 4 to 25 mm, and a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing device that satisfies the selection criteria described in any of the above [1] to [ 4 ] A method for manufacturing a modeled object, wherein the modeled object is manufactured by

本発明の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法によれば、繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を製造できる水硬性組成物を精度よく選択できる。また、本発明の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物によれば、繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を、容易に製造できる。 According to the method for selecting a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to accurately select a hydraulic composition capable of manufacturing a shaped article having delicate and diverse designs. Further, according to the hydraulic composition for the extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to easily manufacture molded objects having delicate and diverse designs.

試験例1~6の水硬性組成物の前記F/Dを示す図であり、(a)は混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の値、(b)は混練時の注水から60分経過した時点の値である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the F 0 /D of the hydraulic compositions of Test Examples 1 to 6, where (a) is the value at 30 minutes after water injection during kneading, and (b) is 60 minutes after water injection during kneading. It is the value at the point in time that has passed. 試験例1~6の水硬性組成物の前記F15/Dを示す図であり、(a)は混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の値、(b)は混練時の注水から60分経過した時点の値である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the F 15 /D of the hydraulic compositions of Test Examples 1 to 6, where (a) is the value at 30 minutes after water injection during kneading, and (b) is 60 minutes after water injection during kneading. It is the value at the point in time that has passed. 試験例1~6の水硬性組成物の前記Haを示す図であり、(a)は混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の値、(b)は混練時の注水から60分経過した時点の値である。It is a diagram showing the Ha of the hydraulic compositions of Test Examples 1 to 6, (a) is the value at 30 minutes after water injection during kneading, and (b) is at 60 minutes after water injection during kneading. is the value of (A)試験例1、(B)試験例2、(E)試験例5、および(F)試験例6の水硬性組成物を用いた造形物の写真である。3 is a photograph of a shaped article using the hydraulic compositions of (A) Test Example 1, (B) Test Example 2, (E) Test Example 5, and (F) Test Example 6. FIG.

本発明の水硬性組成物の選択方法は、前記のとおり、水硬性組成物のF/D、および、F15/D等を選択基準として、水硬性組成物を選択する方法である。
また、本発明の造形物の製造方法は、内径が4~25mmの押出しノズルを備えた押出し方式付加製造装置と、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の選択基準を満たす水硬性組成物を用いて造形物を製造する方法である。
さらに、本発明の水硬性組成物は、少なくとも、セメント、および水を含み、前記F/Dが75以下、および、前記F15/Dが80~110である水硬性組成物である。
以下、本発明を、水硬性組成物の選択方法、造形物の製造方法、および水硬性組成物に分けて、詳細に説明する。
The selection method of the hydraulic composition of the present invention is, as described above, a method of selecting the hydraulic composition based on selection criteria such as F 0 /D and F 15 /D of the hydraulic composition.
In addition, the method for manufacturing a shaped object of the present invention includes an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus equipped with an extrusion nozzle having an inner diameter of 4 to 25 mm, and a hydraulic type that satisfies the selection criteria described in any one of [1] to [6] above. A method for producing a modeled article using a composition.
Further, the hydraulic composition of the present invention contains at least cement and water, and has the F 0 /D of 75 or less and the F 15 /D of 80-110.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by dividing into a method for selecting a hydraulic composition, a method for manufacturing a shaped article, and a hydraulic composition.

1.押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法
前記水硬性組成物のF/Dは、好ましくは75以下である。F/Dが75を超えると、流動性が高くなり過ぎて、ノズルから水硬性組成物を押し出すための圧力をかけなくても、水硬性組成物の自重でダレが生じる場合がある。自重はダレ性に影響するため、Fを水硬性組成物の密度で割ったF/Dは、水硬性組成物のダレ性を評価するための指標である。なお、F/Dは、より好ましくは65以下である。
また、水硬性組成物のF15/Dは、好ましくは80~110である。F15/Dが80未満では水硬性組成物が硬くて押出せない場合があり、110を超えると水硬性組成物は柔らかくて、潰れたり倒れたりして積層できない場合がある。F15/Dは水硬性組成物の押出し性を評価するための指標である。水硬性組成物の上にさらに水硬性組成物を積層して、押しつぶされる状態を模擬できる15打の打撃を行なったフロー値は、水硬性組成物の押出し性をより正確に示す。なお、F15/Dは、より好ましくは、85~100である。
また、水硬性組成物のHaは、好ましくは0.15以上である。Haが0.15未満では、水硬性組成物の積層ができない場合がある。Haは水硬性組成物の積層性を評価するための指標である。
1. Method for Selecting Hydraulic Composition for Extrusion Type Additive Manufacturing Apparatus F 0 /D of the hydraulic composition is preferably 75 or less. When F 0 /D exceeds 75, the fluidity becomes too high, and sagging may occur due to the weight of the hydraulic composition even if pressure is not applied to extrude the hydraulic composition from the nozzle. Since the self weight affects the sagging property, F 0 /D obtained by dividing F 0 by the density of the hydraulic composition is an index for evaluating the sagging property of the hydraulic composition. Note that F 0 /D is more preferably 65 or less.
Also, the F 15 /D of the hydraulic composition is preferably 80-110. If the F 15 /D is less than 80, the hydraulic composition may be too hard to be extruded, and if it exceeds 110, the hydraulic composition may be so soft that it may collapse or topple over, making lamination impossible. F 15 /D is an index for evaluating the extrudability of hydraulic compositions. The flow value obtained by laminating the hydraulic composition on top of the hydraulic composition and performing 15 blows capable of simulating the state of being crushed more accurately indicates the extrudability of the hydraulic composition. F 15 /D is more preferably 85-100.
Moreover, Ha of the hydraulic composition is preferably 0.15 or more. If Ha is less than 0.15, lamination of the hydraulic composition may not be possible. Ha is an index for evaluating the lamination property of the hydraulic composition.

前記選択基準(指標)は、水硬性組成物を押出し方式付加製造装置を用いて押し出すときに計測するとよい。水硬性組成物を押し出す前の必須の作業である、水硬性組成物の混練および装置への充填等は、少なくとも10から20分程度要するので、FやF15は混練時の注水から30分経過した時点で、計測するとよい。また、セメントを含む水硬性組成物は流動性が経時変化するため、好ましくは、FやF15は混練時の注水から30分を超え、60分以内に再度計測する。
前記選択基準は、押出し方式付加製造装置のノズルの内径が4~25mmの場合に適している。ノズルの内径が4ミリメートル未満では、水硬性組成物が砂を含む場合、ノズルが閉塞して押し出し速度が不安定になり、造形物の表面が平滑にならない場合があり、25mmを超えると、前記選択基準の信頼性が低下する。なお、ノズルの内径は、好ましくは5~20mmである。
フローの測定方法は、JIS R 5201に準拠して、Fの場合は15回の落下運動を省略して水硬性組成物のフローを測定し、F15の場合は15回の落下運動を行なって水硬性組成物のフローを測定する。
The selection criterion (indicator) is preferably measured when the hydraulic composition is extruded using an extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus. Since the kneading of the hydraulic composition and the filling of the apparatus, etc., which are essential operations before extruding the hydraulic composition, require at least about 10 to 20 minutes, F 0 and F 15 are 30 minutes after water injection during kneading. It is good to measure when it passes. In addition, since the fluidity of a cement-containing hydraulic composition changes over time, F 0 and F 15 are preferably measured again within 60 minutes after exceeding 30 minutes from water injection during kneading.
The above selection criteria are suitable when the inner diameter of the nozzle of the extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus is 4 to 25 mm. If the inner diameter of the nozzle is less than 4 mm, when the hydraulic composition contains sand, the nozzle may be clogged and the extrusion speed may become unstable, and the surface of the model may not be smooth. Selection criteria become less reliable. The inner diameter of the nozzle is preferably 5 to 20 mm.
The flow measurement method is based on JIS R 5201. In the case of F0, the flow of the hydraulic composition is measured by omitting 15 falling motions, and in the case of F15, 15 falling motions are performed. to measure the flow of the hydraulic composition.

また、硬度の測定はゴム硬度計(デュロメータ)を用いて測定する。ただし、水硬性組成物を入れた容器の拘束が影響して、硬度が実際よりも高い値になるため、水硬性組成物のゼロ打フローが100mmを超える場合、硬度に補正係数(=100/ゼロ打フロー)を掛けて硬度の補正を行なう。なお、本願明細書では、硬度を補正して得た「硬度補正値」と「硬度」は同義として扱う。また、ゴム硬度計は特に限定されず市販品でよいが、軟らかい試料を測定対象とする場合でも適正な値が得られるため、好ましくは、ウレタンフォーム、またはスポンジなど各種発泡体用の硬度計であって、大きなインデンタと加圧面を持った硬度計であり、例えば、テクロック社製のGS-744G、高分子計器社製のアスカーゴム硬度計F型、ミツトヨ社製のハードマチックHH-329、エラストロン社製のゴム硬度計ESC型が挙げられる。 The hardness is measured using a rubber hardness tester (durometer). However, due to the constraint of the container containing the hydraulic composition, the hardness becomes a higher value than the actual value. Zero shot flow) is applied to correct the hardness. In the specification of the present application, the "hardness correction value" obtained by correcting the hardness and the "hardness" are treated as synonymous. The rubber hardness tester is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product may be used. However, a hardness tester for various foams such as urethane foam or sponge is preferable because an appropriate value can be obtained even when measuring a soft sample. It is a hardness tester with a large indenter and a pressure surface. ESC type rubber hardness tester manufactured by

2.造形物の製造方法
本発明の造形物の製造方法は、内径が4~25mmの押出しノズルを備えた押出し方式付加製造装置と、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の選択基準を満たす押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を用いて造形物を製造する方法である。
2. Modeled Object Manufacturing Method The modeled object manufacturing method of the present invention comprises an extrusion-type additive manufacturing device equipped with an extrusion nozzle having an inner diameter of 4 to 25 mm, and the selection criteria described in any one of [1] to [6] above. It is a method of manufacturing a shaped article using a hydraulic composition for extrusion type additive manufacturing equipment.

3.押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物
本発明の水硬性組成物は、少なくとも、セメント、および水を含み、押出し方式付加製造装置で押し出される時点の水硬性組成物のゼロ打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F/D)が75以下、および、押出し方式付加製造装置で押し出される時点の水硬性組成物の15打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F15/D)が80~110である。F/DおよびF15/Dが該範囲にあれば、水硬性組成物の流動性が高く、繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を、容易に製造できる。なお、好ましくは、F/Dは65以下であり、F15/Dは85~105である。
また、押出し方式付加製造装置で押し出される時点の本発明の水硬性組成物の硬度補正値(Ha)は、好ましくは0.15以上、より好ましくは0.20以上である。
ここで、水硬性組成物の混練および装置への充填、装置内の通過時間等に、少なくとも10分程度要することを勘案すると、前記押し出し時点とは、混練時の注水から10分以上であり、セメントを含む水硬性組成物の流動性は経時変化することも勘案すると、前記押し出し時点の上限は、混練時の注水から60~90分の範囲である。この押し出し時点を、F/DおよびF15/Dの測定時を用いて言い換えるならば、F/DおよびF15/Dの測定時は、好ましくは10~90分、より好ましくは20~75分、さらに好ましくは30~60分の範囲内になる。したがって、前記[3]、[4]、および[9]では、「押出し方式付加製造装置で押し出される時点」に代えて、具体的に、「混練時の注水から30分経過した時点」、および、「混練時の注水から60分経過した時点」と規定した。
そして、該水硬性組成物は、少なくとも、セメント、および水を必須成分として含み、さらに砂を任意成分として含む。該セメントは、白色ポルトランドセメント、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント、シリカフューム含有セメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、アルミセメント、およびエコセメント等やそれらの構成物である珪酸カルシウム、カルシウムアルミネート、アルミノケイ酸塩、およびサルフォカルシウムアルミネート等から選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。また、水硬性組成物のフローや、凝結時間、および保形性を調整したり、フローの経時変化を抑制するため、水硬性組成物の任意成分である混和材は、非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩、石膏、水酸化カルシウム、硫酸アルカリ金属塩、および尿素から選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。
また、前記砂は、石灰石砂、珪砂、および人工砂から選ばれる1種以上である。砂の粒度は、フローの評価の信頼性、造形物の表面の平滑性、および押出し方式付加製造装置のノズル径を考慮すると、好ましくは2.5mm以下、より好ましくは1.8mm以下、さらに好ましくは0.6mm以下である。
また、前記水は、上水道水等が挙げられる。
さらに、水硬性組成物のフローを調整したり、フローの経時変化を抑制するため、減水剤、消泡剤、増粘剤、凝結促進剤、凝結遅延剤、および粉末セルロース等の混和剤から選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。
3. Hydraulic Composition for Extrusion Type Additive Manufacturing Equipment The hydraulic composition of the present invention comprises at least cement and water, and is a zero blow flow/hydraulic composition of the hydraulic composition when extruded in the extrusion type addition manufacturing equipment. The density ratio (F 0 /D) is 75 or less, and the density ratio (F 15 /D) of the hydraulic composition at the time of being extruded by the extrusion type additional manufacturing apparatus is 15 stroke flow / hydraulic composition 80-110. If F 0 /D and F 15 /D are within the above ranges, the fluidity of the hydraulic composition is high, and shaped articles having delicate and diverse designs can be easily produced. Preferably, F 0 /D is 65 or less and F 15 /D is 85-105.
Further, the hardness correction value (Ha) of the hydraulic composition of the present invention when extruded by the extrusion-type additive manufacturing apparatus is preferably 0.15 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more.
Here, considering that at least about 10 minutes are required for kneading the hydraulic composition, filling the apparatus, passing through the apparatus, etc., the time of extrusion is 10 minutes or more after water injection during kneading, Considering that the fluidity of the cement-containing hydraulic composition changes over time, the upper limit of the extrusion time is in the range of 60 to 90 minutes after water is poured during kneading. In other words, when measuring F 0 /D and F 15 /D, the time of extrusion is preferably 10 to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 to 90 minutes. 75 minutes, more preferably in the range of 30-60 minutes. Therefore, in the above [3], [4], and [9], instead of "when extruded by the extrusion type additional manufacturing equipment", specifically, "when 30 minutes have passed since water was poured during kneading", , ``at the time when 60 minutes have passed since water was poured during kneading''.
The hydraulic composition contains at least cement and water as essential components, and further contains sand as an optional component. The cement is white Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, silica-fume-containing cement, blast-furnace cement, fly ash cement, aluminum cement, ecocement, or a composition thereof. One or more selected from certain calcium silicates, calcium aluminates, aluminosilicates, sulfocalcium aluminates, and the like. In addition, the admixture, which is an optional component of the hydraulic composition, is an amorphous aluminosilicate in order to adjust the flow, setting time, and shape retention of the hydraulic composition, and to suppress the change in the flow over time. , gypsum, calcium hydroxide, alkali metal sulfate, and urea.
Further, the sand is one or more selected from limestone sand, silica sand, and artificial sand. The grain size of the sand is preferably 2.5 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or less, considering the reliability of the flow evaluation, the smoothness of the surface of the molded product, and the nozzle diameter of the extrusion-type additive manufacturing device. is 0.6 mm or less.
Moreover, tap water etc. are mentioned as said water.
In addition, admixtures such as water reducers, antifoams, thickeners, set accelerators, set retarders, and powdered cellulose are selected to control the flow of the hydraulic composition or to control the flow over time. 1 or more types are included.

押出し方式付加製造装置は、コンピュータ上で作製した3Dデータを設計図に用いて、断面形状を積層することにより立体物を作製する産業用ロボットの一種である。付加製造装置を用いた造形方式は、米国材料試験協会(ASTM)により7つの方式に分類されているが、本発明の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物は、これらの中の、Material extrusion(材料押出し)方式の付加製造装置(押出し方式付加製造装置)を用いた造形に適する。
繊細かつ多様なデザインを有する造形物を製造するためは、(i)押出し方式付加製造装置の押出し圧力は、好ましくは50kPa以上であり、水硬性組成物を押し出すためのカートリッジやシリンダーを備えた装置が好ましく、(ii)水硬性組成物を押し出す速度は、ノズルの内径にもよるが、好ましくは3~18mm/秒であり、また、(iii)ノズルの移動速度は、ノズルの内径にもよるが、好ましくは6~12mm/秒である。
The extrusion-type additive manufacturing device is a type of industrial robot that creates three-dimensional objects by layering cross-sectional shapes using 3D data created on a computer as a design drawing. Forming methods using additive manufacturing equipment are classified into seven methods by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Suitable for modeling using material extrusion type additional manufacturing equipment (extrusion type additional manufacturing equipment).
(i) The extrusion pressure of the extrusion type additive manufacturing device is preferably 50 kPa or more, and the device is equipped with a cartridge or cylinder for extruding the hydraulic composition. (ii) the speed of extruding the hydraulic composition depends on the inner diameter of the nozzle, but is preferably 3 to 18 mm / sec, and (iii) the moving speed of the nozzle depends on the inner diameter of the nozzle. is preferably 6 to 12 mm/sec.

以下、実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明はこの実施例に限定されない。
1.水硬性粉体A
(1-1)セメント含有結合材
(i)セメント
白色ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)
中庸熱ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)
(ii)カルシウムアルミネート類
アルミナセメント(ケルネオス社製)
(iii)非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩
メタカオリン(カオリンの焼成物)、商品名 MetaMax HRM、BET比表面積は10m/gである。(BASFジャパン社製)
(iv)石膏
II型無水石膏、ブレーン比表面積は6000cm/gである。(旭硝子社製)
(v)水酸化カルシウム
BET比表面積は約13m/gである。(重安石灰社製)
(vi)硫酸アルカリ金属塩
芒硝、ブレーン比表面積は約800cm/gである。(東ソー社製)
(1-2)混和剤
(i)減水剤
メルメント[登録商標]、メラミンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合物の塩を有効成分とする粉末減水剤である。(BASFジャパン社製)
(ii)増粘剤
商品名 Esacol210H、増粘多糖類(BASFジャパン社製)
(iii)粉末セルロース
商品名 Arbocel PWC500、セルロース微粉末(レッテンマイヤー社製)
(iv)消泡剤
商品名 アデカネートB317F[登録商標]、ポリエーテル系消泡剤(ADEKA社製)
(v)硬化遅延剤
商品名 マスターポゾリスNo.89[登録商標]、変成リグニンスルホン酸化合物とオキシカルボン酸化合物の複合体である。(BASFジャパン社製)
(1-3)細骨材
石灰石砂、最大粒径は0.6mmである。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
1. Hydraulic powder A
(1-1) Cement-containing binding material (i) Cement White Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
Moderate heat Portland cement (made by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
(ii) Calcium aluminates Alumina cement (manufactured by Kerneos)
(iii) Amorphous aluminosilicate Metakaolin (calcined product of kaolin), trade name MetaMax HRM, BET specific surface area of 10 m 2 /g. (manufactured by BASF Japan)
(iv) gypsum
Type II anhydrite, Blaine specific surface area is 6000 cm 2 /g. (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.)
(v) Calcium hydroxide BET specific surface area is about 13 m 2 /g. (manufactured by Shigean Lime Co., Ltd.)
(vi) Alkali metal sulfate Glauber's salt, Blaine specific surface area is about 800 cm 2 /g. (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
(1-2) Admixture (i) Water-reducing agent Melment [registered trademark] is a powdery water-reducing agent containing a salt of melamine sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate as an active ingredient. (manufactured by BASF Japan)
(ii) Thickener Trade name Esacol210H, polysaccharide thickener (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
(iii) Powdered cellulose Product name: Arbocel PWC500, fine cellulose powder (manufactured by Rettenmeier)
(iv) Defoamer Product name: Adecanate B317F [registered trademark], polyether-based defoamer (manufactured by ADEKA)
(v) Hardening Retardant Product name: Master Pozzolith No. 89 [registered trademark], a composite of a modified ligninsulfonic acid compound and an oxycarboxylic acid compound. (manufactured by BASF Japan)
(1-3) Fine aggregate Limestone sand with a maximum particle size of 0.6 mm.

水硬性粉体Aの配合を表1に示す。

Figure 0007142552000001
Table 1 shows the composition of the hydraulic powder A.
Figure 0007142552000001

2.水硬性粉体B
(2-1)セメント含有結合材
(i)セメント
白色ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)
(ii)カルシウムアルミネート類A
アルミナセメント(ケルネオス社製)
(iii)カルシウムアルミネート類B
カルシウムサルフォアルミネート、試作品(石膏、 生石灰及びアルミナ粉末を、焼成後にカルシウムサルフォアルミネートが得られるような配合で混合し、次いで、得られた混合物をロータリーキルンで1330℃の焼成温度で焼成した後、該焼成物をブレーン比表面積が3,900cm/gになるように粉砕したもの)
(iv)無水石膏(旭硝子社製)
(v)尿素
1級試薬、純度は98質量%以上である。(林純薬工業社製)
(2-2)混和剤
(i)減水剤
粉末状のポリカルボン酸系減水剤、商品名 NF-200(太平洋マテリアル社製)
(ii)凝結促進剤
硫酸ナトリウム、1級試薬
(iii)凝結遅延剤
クエン酸、1級試薬
(1-3)細骨材
石灰石砂、最大粒径は0.3mmである。
2. Hydraulic powder B
(2-1) Cement-containing binding material (i) Cement White Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
(ii) calcium aluminates A
Alumina cement (manufactured by Kerneos)
(iii) calcium aluminates B
Calcium sulfoaluminate, prototype (gypsum, quicklime and alumina powder are mixed in a formulation such that after calcination a calcium sulfoaluminate is obtained, then the resulting mixture is calcined in a rotary kiln at a calcination temperature of 1330°C. After that, the fired product was pulverized so that the Blaine specific surface area was 3,900 cm 2 /g)
(iv) Anhydrous gypsum (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.)
(v) Urea A primary reagent with a purity of 98% by mass or more. (manufactured by Hayashi Pure Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
(2-2) Admixture (i) Water reducing agent Powdery polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, trade name NF-200 (manufactured by Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd.)
(ii) Setting accelerator Sodium sulfate, class 1 reagent (iii) Setting retardant Citric acid, class 1 reagent (1-3) Fine aggregate Limestone sand, maximum particle size is 0.3 mm.

水硬性粉体Bの配合を表2に示す。

Figure 0007142552000002
Table 2 shows the formulation of hydraulic powder B.
Figure 0007142552000002

3.水硬性粉体C
(3-1)セメント含有結合材
(i)セメント
早強ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)
(ii)カルシウムアルミネート類
高アルミナセメント(ケルネオス社製)
(iii)シリカフューム
(3-2)混和剤
(i)減水剤
メルメント[登録商標]、メラミンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合物の塩を有効成分とする減水剤である。(BASFジャパン社製)
(ii)凝結遅延剤
クエン酸、1級試薬
(vi)硫酸アルカリ金属塩
硫酸カリウム、1級試薬
(iii)ポリプロピレン繊維
長さは3~6mm、直径は20μmである。
(iv)ポリプロピレン繊維
長さは1mm未満、直径は20μmである。
(3-3)細骨材
石灰石砂、最大粒径は0.1mmである。
3. Hydraulic powder C
(3-1) Cement-containing binding material (i) Cement High-early-strength Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
(ii) Calcium aluminates High alumina cement (Kerneos)
(iii) Silica fume (3-2) Admixture (i) Water reducing agent Melment [registered trademark] is a water reducing agent containing a salt of melamine sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate as an active ingredient. (manufactured by BASF Japan)
(ii) Setting retarder Citric acid, first class reagent (vi) Alkali metal sulfate potassium sulfate, first class reagent (iii) Polypropylene fibers length 3-6 mm, diameter 20 μm.
(iv) Polypropylene fibers less than 1 mm in length and 20 μm in diameter.
(3-3) Fine aggregate Limestone sand with a maximum particle size of 0.1 mm.

水硬性粉体Cの配合を表3に示す。

Figure 0007142552000003
Table 3 shows the formulation of the hydraulic powder C.
Figure 0007142552000003

2.水硬性組成物の製造と水硬性組成物のフローの測定
表4に示す配合と水量に従い、容量が5リットルのホバートミキサと、1バッチあたり結合材および細骨材の合計2kgを用いて、回転速度が140rpmで3分間混練して水硬性組成物を調製した。なお、混和剤は水(水道水)に添加して用いた。
次に、該水硬性組成物を用いて、20℃、相対湿度80%の室内で、JIS R5201に準拠して、混練時の注水から30分、および60分経過した時点で、15打フロー、およびゼロ打フロー(15回の落下運動を行なわないで測定したフロー)を測定した。ゼロ打フローと15打フローの測定結果を表5に示し、ゼロ打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比を図1に示し、15打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比を図2に示す。
2. Production of hydraulic composition and measurement of hydraulic composition flow According to the formulation and amount of water shown in Table 4, a Hobart mixer with a capacity of 5 liters and a total of 2 kg of binder and fine aggregate per batch were rotated. A hydraulic composition was prepared by kneading at a speed of 140 rpm for 3 minutes. The admixture was used by adding it to water (tap water).
Next, using the hydraulic composition, in accordance with JIS R5201 in a room at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%, after 30 minutes and 60 minutes from water injection during kneading, 15 strokes flow, and zero strike flow (flow measured without 15 falling motions) were measured. Table 5 shows the measurement results of zero stroke flow and 15 stroke flow, the ratio of zero stroke flow/hydraulic composition density is shown in FIG. 1, and the ratio of 15 stroke flow/hydraulic composition density is shown in FIG. show.

Figure 0007142552000004
Figure 0007142552000004

3.硬度の測定および硬度の補正
混練時の注水から30分、および60分経過した時点で、ゴム硬度計(商品名:高分子計器社製のアスカーゴム硬度計 F型)を用いて前記水硬性組成物の硬度を測定した。
測定は、内径90mm×高さ25mmの容器にすり切りで投入後、厚さが11μmのポリ塩化ビニリデン製フィルム(サランラップ[登録商標]、AsahiKASEI社製)を空気が入らないように被せた上に、ゴム硬度計を静かに載置して硬度を測定した。次に、容器の側面の拘束により硬度が高い値になるため、水硬性組成物のゼロ打フローが100mmを超える場合は、硬度に補正係数(=100/ゼロ打フロー)を掛けて硬度の補正を行なった。硬度の測定結果を表5に示す。
3. Measurement of Hardness and Correction of Hardness After 30 minutes and 60 minutes from water injection during kneading, the hydraulic composition was measured using a rubber hardness tester (trade name: Asker rubber hardness tester F type manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.). was measured.
For the measurement, after being put into a container with an inner diameter of 90 mm and a height of 25 mm, it was covered with a polyvinylidene chloride film (Saran wrap [registered trademark], manufactured by Asahi KASEI Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 11 μm so that air does not enter, The hardness was measured by gently placing a rubber hardness tester. Next, since the hardness becomes a high value due to the constraint on the side of the container, when the zero stroke flow of the hydraulic composition exceeds 100 mm, the hardness is corrected by multiplying the correction coefficient (= 100 / zero stroke flow). did Table 5 shows the hardness measurement results.

Figure 0007142552000005
Figure 0007142552000005

4.造形物の製造
前記水硬性組成物を、内径が7mmのノズルを装着したシリンジ(カートリッジ)に入れて、ノズル移動速度が6.3mm/秒、押出し速度が6.3mm/秒で、水硬性組成物層を3.5mmのピッチで高さ8cmまで積層して造形した。造形は、混練時の注水から30分および60分経過した時点に対応させて、それぞれ、混練時の注水から25~35分および55~65分に行った。混練時の注水から25~35分に製造した造形物の写真を図4に示す。なお、図4の試験例6は、一部にダレが生じていた。
4. Manufacture of Modeled Object The hydraulic composition is placed in a syringe (cartridge) equipped with a nozzle having an inner diameter of 7 mm, and the nozzle moving speed is 6.3 mm / sec and the extrusion speed is 6.3 mm / sec. The material layers were stacked up to a height of 8 cm at a pitch of 3.5 mm to form a model. The shaping was performed 25 to 35 minutes and 55 to 65 minutes after water injection during kneading, corresponding to the time points of 30 minutes and 60 minutes after water injection during kneading. FIG. 4 shows a photograph of a shaped product produced 25 to 35 minutes after water was poured during kneading. Incidentally, in Test Example 6 of FIG. 4, sagging occurred in part.

図1~3に示すように、ダレ性、押出し性、および積層性の良否は、F/D、F15/D、およびHaの値により評価できる。また、F/Dが75以下、F15/Dが80~110、および、Haが0.15以上を混練時の注水から30分および60分経過した時点において全て満たす試験例1および2の水硬性組成物は、製造時間が長い場合でも、造形物は、押出し時の水硬性組成物のダレがなく、押出し性および積層性に優れ、繊細で緻密な造形物を製造できる。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the sagging property, extrusion property and lamination property can be evaluated by the values of F 0 /D, F 15 /D and Ha. In addition, F 0 /D is 75 or less, F 15 /D is 80 to 110, and Ha is 0.15 or more at the time of 30 minutes and 60 minutes after water injection at the time of kneading. Even if the hydraulic composition takes a long time to produce, the molded article does not sag during extrusion, is excellent in extrudability and lamination, and can be manufactured into a delicate and precise molded article.

なお、ノズルの内径を4mmおよび15mmに変え、試験例1および2の水硬性組成物を用いて造形物を製造したところ、いずれも水硬性組成物のダレがなく、押出し性および積層性は高かった。 In addition, when the inner diameter of the nozzle was changed to 4 mm and 15 mm and the hydraulic compositions of Test Examples 1 and 2 were used to produce shaped objects, there was no sagging of the hydraulic compositions in either case, and the extrudability and lamination properties were high. rice field.

Claims (5)

水硬性組成物のゼロ打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F/D)が75以下、および、水硬性組成物の15打フロー/水硬性組成物の密度の比(F15/D)が80~110であることを選択基準として、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を選択する、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。 The ratio of the zero stroke flow of the hydraulic composition/the density of the hydraulic composition (F 0 /D) is 75 or less , and the ratio of the 15 stroke flow of the hydraulic composition/the density of the hydraulic composition (F 15 / A method for selecting a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type addition manufacturing device, wherein D) is 80 to 110 as a selection criterion to select a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type addition manufacturing device. 混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の前記F/Dが75以下、および、混練時の注水から30分経過した時点の前記F15/Dが80~110である、請求項1に記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the F 0 /D is 75 or less 30 minutes after water injection during kneading, and the F 15 /D is 80 to 110 30 minutes after water injection during kneading. A method for selecting a hydraulic composition for extrusion-type additive manufacturing equipment. 混練時の注水から30分を超え、60分以内の時点における前記F/Dが75以下、および、混練時の注水から30分を超え、60分以内の時点におけるF15/Dが80~110である、請求項1に記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。 The F 0 /D is 75 or less at the time of more than 30 minutes and within 60 minutes from the injection of water during kneading, and the F 15 /D at the time of more than 30 minutes and within 60 minutes from the injection of water during kneading is 80- 110. The method of selecting a hydraulic composition for extrusion-based additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic composition is 110. さらに、硬度補正値(Ha)が0.15以上であることを選択基準として、押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を選択する、請求項1~のいずれか1項に記載の押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物の選択方法。 Furthermore, the extrusion method addition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the hydraulic composition for the extrusion method addition manufacturing apparatus is selected based on the selection criterion that the hardness correction value (Ha) is 0.15 or more. A method for selecting a hydraulic composition for manufacturing equipment. 内径が4~25mmの押出しノズルを備えた押出し方式付加製造装置と、請求項1~のいずれか1項に記載の選択基準を満たす押出し方式付加製造装置用水硬性組成物を用いて造形物を製造する、造形物の製造方法。
An extrusion-type additive manufacturing device equipped with an extrusion nozzle with an inner diameter of 4 to 25 mm, and a hydraulic composition for an extrusion-type additive manufacturing device that satisfies the selection criteria according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to produce a modeled object. A method for manufacturing a modeled object.
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