JP7141175B2 - Tsunami suppression method and device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for suppressing tsunamis caused by large earthquakes and preventing such tsunamis from causing irreparable damage to large cities and important facilities such as nuclear reactors and petroleum complexes. is.

The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 was a massive earthquake with a magnitude of 9, and the accompanying tsunami caused severe damage to nuclear power plants and petroleum complexes along the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. rice field.

In the near future, a huge earthquake with its epicenter in the Nankai Trough is expected to occur, and as a result, a severe tsunami is expected to hit the Pacific belt area. Proposed.

For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-60769 proposes a breakwater to stop the progress of a tsunami. is

In addition, since the breakwater of the type disclosed in the above publication is basically a stationary type, if such a breakwater completely shields harbor facilities, ships cannot enter and exit the harbor facilities. Therefore, a gap must be provided to allow ships to enter and exit the breakwater, and it is impossible to prevent tsunami from entering the breakwater through such a gap.

In addition, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-348611, a large number of rigid steel pipes are arranged in an upright state and buried on the seabed, and in normal times, they are buried on the seabed and allow ships to navigate thereon. A proposal has been made in which air is injected into the pipe when a tsunami is expected, causing the pipe to stand up from the seabed and protrude above the sea surface to block the tsunami.

However, such a rigid pipe cannot receive the enormous energy of the tsunami, and the pipe will be destroyed by the tsunami. I can't let you.

In addition, in this type of upright floating tsunami mitigation method, it is necessary to excavate the offshore seabed, which has a certain depth of water, to a depth greater than the length of the pipe for construction. Cost and time are required, and realization is difficult.

In view of such circumstances, the applicant previously encloses air in a box installed on the seabed, accommodates a large number of flexible cylinders in the box in a flatly folded state, and attaches the ends of the cylinders. It is annularly fixed to a mouthpiece formed on the upper surface of the box, and the inner side of the outer side of the outer side of the outer side of the outer side of the inner side of the outer side of the outer side of the outer side of the inner side of the inner side of the outer side of the outer side of the outer side of the inner side of the cylindrical body. , the cylindrical body is fed through the outer portion of the inverted cylindrical body into the reversing portion, and the cylindrical body is turned over over its entire length to project its tip above the surface of the sea. We proposed a method of suppressing tsunami by making a forest of flexible cylinders, and applied for it as Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-4305.

However, in this method, since the space between the many cylinders installed is inevitably larger than the diameter of the cylinders, the tsunami penetrates through the space between the cylinders, and each cylinder is also affected by the tsunami. Since the tsunami receives energy, it is less effective to suppress the tsunami with a large amount of energy by the entirety of the large number of cylinders.

In addition, in order to turn the cylinder upside down, pressure fluid must be supplied from the outside into the pressure vessel containing the cylinder. The device itself may not function at all, as the pump for delivery cannot be operated. Furthermore, in order to prepare for such a situation, a large number of backup power sources must be provided for each individual pressure vessel, which further complicates the apparatus as a whole and further increases the cost.

JP 2013-60769 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-348611

The present invention has been devised in view of such circumstances. In the event of an abnormality in which a tsunami is expected, the air in the box is forced into the cylindrical body to stand up toward the sea surface. To provide a method and apparatus for sufficiently absorbing the energy of a tsunami by flexing the tubular body as a whole.

In the tsunami suppression method of the present invention, air is enclosed in a box installed on the seabed, and a flexible airtight cylinder having a small diameter at the rear and a large diameter at the tip is flattened in the box. The rear end of the narrow diameter portion of the cylinder is fixed to a mouthpiece formed on the upper surface of the box, and the front end of the large diameter portion of the cylinder is closed. In the event of an abnormality in which a tsunami is expected to strike, the cylinder is reversed at the annular fixed portion of the cylinder by the pressure of the air in the box so that the inside of the cylinder is turned to the outside, and the cylinder is turned over. It is characterized in that it is fed through the outer part of the body to the reversal part, and the cylinder is turned over and made to stand in the sea.

In the present invention, it is preferable to turn over the entire length of the cylinder so that the tip of the cylinder protrudes above the sea surface.

Further, in the present invention, it is suitable that the length of the small diameter portion of the cylindrical body is 5 to 30% of the total length of the cylindrical body. Further, it is suitable that the diameter of the small-diameter portion of the cylinder is 50 to 95% of the diameter of the large-diameter portion. Further, it is suitable that the diameter of the small-diameter portion of the cylinder is 0.6 to 5 m.

Further, in the present invention, the cylindrical body is formed by weaving fibers in a cylindrical shape, and has a small diameter at the rear portion and a large diameter at the tip portion, and a small diameter portion is provided between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion. It is preferable that a flexible rubber or synthetic resin film is formed on the outer surface of the cylindrical woven fabric formed by forming a diameter-varying portion connecting with the large-diameter portion.

In addition, in the method of the present invention, the bottom of the box is allowed to communicate with the surrounding seawater, and the air pressure inside the box keeps the cylindrical body inside the box at all times so that it does not turn inside out. It is preferable to allow the cylinder to turn inside out by releasing the restraint.

Further, in this method, the cylindrical body is wound around a reel installed in the box body, and by locking the rotation of the reel in the delivery direction of the cylindrical body, the turning of the cylindrical body is stopped, and the lock is released from the outside. It is preferable to proceed with the inside-out of the cylindrical body by releasing it by operating from .

Further, in the present invention, the front end of the large-diameter portion of the cylindrical body is closed, and a cord-like object having approximately the same length as the cylindrical body connected to the front end is passed through the outer portion of the cylindrical body turned over. After connecting to the reel and turning the cylinder upside down, it is preferable that the turned over cylinder is reversed and restored by pulling the string-like object from the inside of the box.

Next, in the tsunami suppression device of the present invention, a large number of mouthpieces that open upward are provided on the upper surface of a box installed on the seabed, and the number of mouthpieces corresponding to the number of mouthpieces in the box body has a small diameter at the rear. A flexible cylindrical body having a large-diameter front end is folded flat and wound around a reel to accommodate the cylindrical body. The front end of the large-diameter portion of the body is closed, the rotation of the cylinder of the reel in the delivery direction is locked, the lock can be released by an external operation, and air is enclosed in the box, It is characterized in that the bottom of the box is made to communicate with surrounding seawater.

In the device of the present invention, the front end of the large-diameter portion of the cylindrical body is closed, and a string-like object having approximately the same length as the cylindrical body connected to the front end is placed inside the outer portion of the cylindrical body turned over. It is preferable that the reversed cylinder can be reversed and recovered by connecting to the reel through a thread and pulling the string-like object from the box after the cylinder is turned upside down.

Fig. 2 shows an installation situation of a box in the present invention, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in (a). 1 shows a tsunami suppression device of the present invention, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in (a). FIG. 4 is a central vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which a cylinder body according to the present invention is fixed to a mouthpiece; FIG. 4 is a central vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which reversal of a cylindrical body is started according to the present invention; Fig. 2(a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line bb in Fig. 2(a), showing a state in which the cylindrical body of the present invention is turned over over its entire length; Drawing which shows the state which the tsunami attacked in the state of FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical body in the present invention, (a) is a central longitudinal sectional view, (b) is a BB sectional view in (a), and (c) is a CC sectional view in (a). .

The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a state in which a box 1 according to the present invention is installed on the seabed, and the box 1 is buried on the seabed at a position several hundred meters to several tens of kilometers away from the beach 2 of the sea. there is The water depth at the position where the box 1 is buried is appropriate to be about 10 to 50 meters.

An enlarged view of the box 1 is shown in FIG. The box 1 is made of steel or concrete and is fixed to the seabed by surrounding concrete 3. Since the box 1 is filled with air as will be described later, it must be fixed to the seabed so as not to float due to the buoyancy of the air.

A door 4 is provided on the side of the box 1, and a diver can enter and exit the box 1 through the door 4 via a passage 5 formed in the concrete 3 outside facing the door 4. is now possible.

The box 1 has a double bottom formed by a plate 6, and the plate 6 has a large number of small holes 7 formed therein. The lower stage 8 of the double bottom is connected to the seawater outside the concrete 3 through a water conduit 9 .

An air pipe 10 is connected to the upper part of the box 1 through a valve 11, and air is sent to the air pipe 10 from an external air pump (not shown), and the air is supplied to the box. 1 can be delivered.

A large number of mouthpieces 12 are provided on the upper surface of the box body 1, and reels 13 are provided in the box body 1 corresponding to the respective mouthpieces 12, and the ends of the cylindrical bodies 14 wound around the reels 13 is annularly fixed to the mouthpiece 12 .

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a state in which the cylindrical body 14 wound around a single reel 13 is attached to the mouthpiece 12. As shown in FIG. A cylindrical body 14 pulled out from the reel 13 has its terminal folded outward and is clamped and fixed between the flanges 16 and 16 of the mouthpiece 12 and a tubular body 15 attached to the tip of the mouthpiece 12 .

The tip of the tubular body 15 is closed with a rubber cap 17 to prevent foreign matter from entering the tubular body 15, and the cap 17 can be easily opened by pushing up from the inside of the tubular body 15. ing.

A claw 18 is provided on the outer circumference of the reel 13, and when the hook 19 is engaged with the claw 18, the reel 13 rotates in the direction in which the cylindrical body 14 wound around the reel 13 is paid out. is preventing

An example of the cylindrical body 14 in the present invention is shown in FIG. The tubular body 14 in the present invention is made of a flexible rubber or synthetic material on the outer surface of a tubular woven cloth 22 in which a plurality of warp yarns 20 and weft yarns 21 helically woven into the group of warp yarns 20 are woven into a tubular shape. A film layer 23 made of resin is formed.

The cylindrical woven fabric 22 of the present invention has a small diameter at the rear portion and a large diameter at the front portion, and a gap between the small diameter portion 24 and the large diameter portion 25 is provided between the small diameter portion 24 and the large diameter portion 25 . 25 and a variable diameter portion 26 is formed to form a cylindrical fabric having a different diameter.

The length of the small diameter portion 24 in the tubular body 14 is preferably 5 to 30% of the total length of the tubular body 14 . If the length of the small-diameter portion 24 exceeds 30% of the total length, the length of contact between the plurality of standing cylinders 14 is reduced, and the contact of the large-diameter portions 25 causes a loss in the ability to attenuate tsunami energy. .

Further, if the length of the narrow diameter portion 24 is less than 5% of the total length, when the tsunami energy acts, the energy concentrates on the short narrow diameter portion 24, and the cylindrical body 14 tends to break at the narrow diameter portion, which is not preferable. .

Further, it is preferable that the diameter of the small diameter portion 24 in the cylindrical body 14 is 50 to 95% of the diameter of the large diameter portion 25 . If the diameter of the small-diameter portion 24 exceeds 95% of the diameter of the large-diameter portion 25, it becomes difficult to place the mouthpiece 12 close to the upper surface of the box 1, and the ability to attenuate the tsunami energy due to the contact of the large-diameter portion 25 is reduced. will be inferior.

If the diameter of the small-diameter portion 24 is less than 50% of the diameter of the large-diameter portion 25, the diameter difference between the small-diameter portion 24 and the large-diameter portion 25 becomes too large, and the upright state of the cylinder 14 cannot be maintained. , the small-diameter portion 24 is easily broken by a tsunami, which is not preferable.

The diameter of the cylindrical body 14 at the small diameter portion 24 is about 0.6 to 5 m, preferably about 1 to 2 m. Although it depends on the depth of water where the cylindrical body 14 is installed, at a water depth of about 10 to 50 m, if the diameter of the cylindrical body 14 is less than 0.6 m, it is easy to break at the small diameter portion 24 due to the force of the tsunami, and it cannot support the tsunami energy. .

In addition, it is difficult to manufacture a cylindrical body 14 having a large diameter exceeding 5 m, which has the flexibility to be wound and has the pressure resistance performance to withstand tsunami energy, and is costly. not appropriate either.

In order to assemble the tsunami control device of the present invention, the diver who entered the box 1 through the door 4 and the diver working outside the box 1 cooperated to assemble all the bases 12. Assemble the apparatus shown in FIG. After that, the diver inside the box 1 goes out, closes the door 4, opens the valve 11, and sends compressed air into the box 1 through the air pipe 10. - 特許庁

As a result, the seawater 27 in the box 1 is pushed out of the box 1 through the water pipe 9, and the upper part of the box 1 is filled with the air 28 sent from the air pipe 10. At this time, water pressure corresponding to the depth at which the box 1 is installed is applied to the inside of the box 1 .

Air pressure corresponding to the water pressure in the box 1 acts on the annular fixed portion 29 of each cylinder 14 , and the air pressure acts on the surface of the seawater 27 in the box 1 and the annular portion of the cylinder 14 . The fourteen annular fixed portions 29 are pushed upward by a pressure corresponding to the hydraulic head pressure with the fixed portion 29 to form an inverted portion 30 in the annular fixed portion 29 .

The cylinder 14 is pulled by the force pushing up the reversing portion 30, and the reel 13 tries to rotate clockwise in FIG. .

In normal times when there is no fear of a tsunami attack, the air pressure inside the box 1 pushes up the inverted portion 30 of the cylindrical body 14, and the claw 18 and the hook 19 lock the force. By supporting the box 1 with the support, the inside of the box 1 is well-balanced in a sealed state, and no special movement occurs.

A normal ebb and flow of the tide occurs on the surface of the sea, and the water pressure at the position of the box 1 slightly fluctuates due to the ebb and flow. , the balance is not disturbed.

In the event that an earthquake occurs and a tsunami warning is issued, and a large tsunami is expected to hit, the hook 19 is remotely operated from land to engage with the hook 18. release, thereby allowing the reel 13 to rotate freely.

As a result, an air pressure corresponding to the head pressure of the height between the water surface of the seawater 27 in the box 1 and the reversing portion 30 is applied to the reversing portion 30 of each cylinder 14 as described above. The reversing portion 30 is pushed upward, and the force pulls the cylinder 14, causing the reel 13 to rotate clockwise in FIG. , the cap 17 is pushed open and pushed out into the sea.

Then, by pushing out the reversing portion 30 into the sea, the cylindrical body 14 rotates the reel 13 and is let out from the reel 13, and the cylindrical body 14 reaches the reversing portion 30 through the inside of the already turned over outer portion 34. , the inverted portion 30 is turned over so that the inner side becomes the outer side, and the inverted portion 30 further advances in the sea.

As the cylindrical body 14 is turned upside down in this way, the reversed portion 30 advances in the sea, and the pressure inside the box 1 is reduced. There is no possibility that the inside of the box 1 will be replenished from the sea, and the pressure inside the box 1 will be insufficient to stop the turning inside out of the cylinder 14.例文帳に追加

At this time, the rear portion of the cylindrical body 14 is a small diameter portion 24, and since the rear end of the small diameter portion 24 is annularly fixed at the annular fixing portion 29, the small diameter portion 24 is fixed at the initial stage of the reversal of the cylindrical body 14. 24 is flipped over. After all of the small-diameter portion 24 is turned over, the variable-diameter portion 26 and the large-diameter portion 25 are subsequently pulled out from the reel 13, and the variable-diameter portion 26 and the large-diameter portion 25 are turned over. is shown in FIG.

When the cylinders 14 are turned inside out over their entire lengths, all the cylinders 14 stand upright from the mouthpiece 12 as shown in FIG. At this time, a pressure corresponding to the head pressure between the seawater 27 in the box 1 and the sea surface 31 is acting on the cylinder 14, so that the cylinder 14 becomes a rigid rod and its weight is You will not fall over.

A tip end 32 of the large-diameter portion 25 of the tubular body 14 is closed, and a string-like object 33 having approximately the same length as the tubular body 14 is connected to the tip end 32, and the string-like object 33 is connected to the tubular body. Preferably, body 14 is connected to reel 13 through inside-out outer portion 34 .

By doing so, after the threat of a tsunami has passed, or after the device of the present invention has been operated for testing or the like, the diver can enter the box body 1 and the box can be opened in the same way as when assembling the device of the present invention. By pulling the string-like object 33 from inside the body 1, the cylindrical body 14 can be reversed, drawn into the box 1, wound around the reel 13, and the device restored.

When a tsunami hits the state shown in FIG. 5, the cylinder 14 is swept away by the tsunami and bends greatly as shown in FIG. Therefore, the energy of the tsunami can be absorbed and the force of the tsunami can be sufficiently suppressed by the elasticity when the cylindrical body 14 bends.

Further, since the tip portion of the cylindrical body 14 is a large-diameter portion 25, when the cylindrical body 14 is bent, the large-diameter portions 25 come into contact with each other and push each other. Since gaps are less likely to occur, the tsunami is less likely to pass through between the cylinders 14, and many cylinders 14 are bent together, thereby significantly reducing the energy of the tsunami.

In this way, according to the present invention, since the energy of the tsunami is reduced by the plurality of flexible cylinders 14, the influence of the tsunami cannot be completely eliminated. , the power of the tsunami is sufficiently reduced. Also, although the individual cylinders 14 are bent by the tsunami, they are not destroyed by the tsunami, unlike steel or concrete breakwaters, which block the tsunami with their rigidity.

In addition, according to the device of the present invention, the cylindrical body 14 is flexible and normally stored in the box 1 in a flat folded state and wound around the reel 13. Even if the box 1 is included, its height is low, and there is no need to excavate the seabed as deep as in the conventional example, and the installation cost and time can be greatly reduced.

Since the cylindrical body 14 is normally buried in the seabed together with the box body 1, the upper part of the cylindrical body 14 can freely navigate, and unlike the conventional breakwater, the navigation of the vessel is not hindered. .

When a tsunami is expected to hit, fluid pressure is applied to the inside of the box 1 to make the cylinders 14 stand up as rigid rods, and the many cylinders 14 are bent together. It is possible to reduce the energy of tsunamis and limit the damage caused by tsunamis.

1 Box 12 Base 13 Reel 14 Cylindrical Body 22 Cylindrical Woven Cloth 23 Film Layer 24 Small Diameter Portion 25 Large Diameter Portion 26 Variable Diameter Portion 29 Annular Fixing Portion 30 Reversing Portion 32 Terminal 33 String 34 Outer Portion

Claims (11)

Air (28) is enclosed in a box (1) installed on the seabed, and a flexible airtight cylinder (14) having a small diameter at the rear and a large diameter at the tip is placed in the box (1). is stored in a flat folded state, and the rear end of the narrow diameter portion (24) of the cylinder (14) is annularly fixed to the mouthpiece (12) formed on the upper surface of the box (1). , the tip end of the large-diameter portion (25) of the cylinder (14) is closed, and the cylinder is closed by the pressure of the air (28) in the box (1) in the event of a predicted tsunami attack. In the outer part (34) of the inverted cylinder (14), the cylinder (14) is turned over so that the inside becomes the outside at the annular fixed part (29) of the body (14). A method for suppressing tsunamis, characterized in that the cylinder body (14) is turned upside down and made to stand in the sea by sending it to the reversing part (30) through A method for suppressing a tsunami according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (14) is turned over over its entire length so that the tip of the cylinder protrudes above the sea surface. The tsunami suppression method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the narrow diameter portion (24) of the cylinder (14) is 5 to 30% of the total length of the cylinder (14). Tsunami suppression according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the diameter of the small diameter portion (24) of the cylinder (14) is 50-95% of the diameter of the large diameter portion (25). Method A method for suppressing a tsunami according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the diameter of the small diameter portion (24) of the cylindrical body (14) is 0.6 to 5 m. The cylindrical body (14) is formed by weaving fibers into a cylindrical shape, and has a small diameter at the rear portion and a large diameter at the tip, and a narrow portion between the small diameter portion (24) and the large diameter portion (25). A flexible rubber or synthetic resin film (23) is formed on the outer surface of a tubular woven fabric (22) formed by forming a variable diameter portion (26) connecting a diameter portion (24) and a large diameter portion (25). The tsunami suppression method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 , or 5, characterized in that The bottom of the box (1) is allowed to communicate with the surrounding seawater, and the cylinder (14) is normally pulled into the box (1) so as not to turn inside out due to the air pressure inside the box (1). 7. A tsunami suppression method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the turning over of the cylindrical body (14) is allowed to progress by stopping it and releasing the restraint in the event of an abnormality. By winding the cylinder (14) around a reel (13) installed in the box (1) and locking the rotation of the reel (13) in the delivery direction of the cylinder (14), the cylinder is A method for suppressing a tsunami according to claim 7, characterized in that the inside-out of the body (14) is stopped and the inside-out of the cylindrical body (14) is allowed to proceed by releasing the lock by an external operation. A cord-like object (33) having approximately the same length as the cylinder body (14), which closes the front end (32) of the large-diameter portion (25) of the cylinder body (14) and is connected to the front end (32). is connected to the reel (13) through the inside of the inverted outer portion (34) of the cylinder (14), and after the cylinder (14) is turned over, the string (33) is connected to the box (1). A method for suppressing a tsunami according to claim 8, characterized in that by pulling from the inside, the upturned cylindrical body (14) is reversed and restored. A number of mouthpieces (12) opening upward are provided on the upper surface of a box (1) installed on the seabed, and the number of mouthpieces (12) corresponding to the number of mouthpieces (12) in the box (1) is narrow at the rear. A flexible cylindrical body (14) having a large diameter and a large diameter tip is folded flat and wound around a reel (13) and stored, and a rear end of a small diameter part (24) of the cylindrical body (14) is stored. are annularly fixed to the corresponding mouthpieces (12), and the front end of the large-diameter portion (25) of the cylinder (14) is closed, and in the delivery direction of the cylinder (14) of the reel (13) is locked, the lock can be released by an external operation, the air (28) is enclosed in the box (1), and the bottom of the box (1) is communicated with the surrounding seawater A tsunami suppression device characterized by being tightly closed A cord-like object (33) having approximately the same length as the cylinder body (14), which closes the front end (32) of the large-diameter portion (25) of the cylinder body (14) and is connected to the front end (32). is connected to the reel (13) through the inside of the inverted outer part (34) of the cylinder (14), and after the cylinder (14) is turned over, the string (33) is inserted into the box (1). The tsunami suppression device according to claim 10, characterized in that by pulling from the

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