JP7136739B2 - Turbine measurement method and measurement system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a turbine measurement method and measurement system.

In general, the turbine casing (inner and outer casings) is divided into an upper half casing and a lower half casing. Concluded with A diaphragm or the like that constitutes a stationary body, a turbine rotor that constitutes a rotating body that rotates with respect to the stationary body, and the like are accommodated in the vehicle interior.

During periodical inspections and performance improvement work of turbines, the upper half casing and the lower half casing are separated for work. By narrowing the gap between the rotor and the seal fins, the amount of steam (working fluid) that passes through the gap is reduced. During assembly work during performance improvement work, the gap is managed to prevent contact between the turbine rotor and the seal fins. must be done strictly.

On the other hand, plastic deformation occurs in the casing of a turbine that has been operated for a long time under high temperature and pressure conditions, so it is necessary to accurately predict the amount of adjustment for the casing and built-in parts during assembly work. Predicting the amount of adjustment requires the amount of movement when tightening the horizontal surface of the flange of the deformed cabin. .

As a technology related to the measurement of such a turbine, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that when measuring the dimensions of an object to be measured, which mainly consists of a plane, a cylinder, and a curved surface, the overall shape is measured by a non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine. The first step is to measure and generate three-dimensional shape data of the overall shape, and the second step is to divide the measurement object into flat, cylindrical, and curved surfaces and measure them with a laser tracking non-contact measuring machine and a laser tracking contact measuring machine. 2 step, a third step of generating three-dimensional shape data of the curved surface portion based on the data obtained from the laser tracking non-contact measuring machine in the second step, and a laser tracking method in the second step a fourth step of calculating the plane and the cylinder based on the data obtained from the contact measuring machine; a sixth step of combining the data obtained in the , fourth and fifth steps; and a seventh step of creating design data based on the data obtained in the sixth step. A dimensional measurement method is disclosed.

JP 2013-32922 A

In the prior art described above, a laser tracking non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine or a laser tracking contact measuring machine is used to measure a turbine casing or the like, which is a measurement target. However, when performing non-contact measurement using techniques such as laser scanning, for example, there are obstacles such as cabin bolts at the bolted joint between the upper half casing and the lower half casing. External factors such as reflections from shadows and glossy surfaces, lighting, and sunlight may affect measurement accuracy. In addition, when performing contact measurement, it is necessary to measure at more measurement points in order to ensure the accuracy of the shape of the object to be measured, which is grasped based on the measurement results. This will lead to an increase in time, and the increase in construction costs due to the extension of the measurement time and the delay in operation due to the delay in the process will lead to a huge increase in power generation loss. On the other hand, careless reduction of the number of measurement points leads to deterioration of accuracy, so it is necessary to consider both measurement accuracy and measurement time when setting measurement points.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a turbine measurement method and a measurement system that can ensure appropriate measurement accuracy that does not miss the shape characteristics of the object to be measured while suppressing the extension of the measurement time. intended to provide

The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems. To give an example, a casing configured by fastening bolts to the flange portions of the upper half casing and the lower half casing; A method for measuring a turbine comprising a stationary body housed inside a casing and a rotating body housed inside the casing and rotating with respect to the stationary body, wherein the total length in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion; It is divided into the upper half casing and the lower half casing at an interval equal to or less than a predetermined measurement interval M based on the number of bolts that fasten the flange portion and the interval between the bolts in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion. The unevenness of the mutual contact surfaces of the flange portions of the casing in the state of being in contact with each other shall be measured along the longitudinal direction.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the appropriate measurement precision which does not miss the characteristic of the shape of a measurement object can be ensured, suppressing the extension of measurement time.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing how the outer casing of the steam turbine shown as an example of the turbine is disassembled into a lower half outer casing and an upper half outer casing. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how the inner casing of the steam turbine is disassembled into a lower half inner casing and an upper half inner casing; It is a figure showing roughly the whole measurement system composition. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of measurement processing; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a flange portion of an internal compartment; It is a top view which extracts and shows the flange part of an internal compartment. It is a figure explaining the measuring method of the flange surface of a lower-half inner compartment. It is a figure which extracts and shows in detail a part of lower-half inner compartment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement result of a flange surface in the case of using a conventional technique as a comparative example; It is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result of the flange surface in this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flow of steam in a vehicle interior. It is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result of a flange surface. It is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result of a flange surface. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section of the lower inner compartment in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction when there is no displacement of the flange surface in the width direction; FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section of the lower half inner compartment along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in a state in which the flange surface is inclined inward in the width direction; FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section of the lower inner compartment in a state in which the flange surface is inclined outward in the width direction, taken along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. FIG.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which an outer casing of a steam turbine shown as an example of a turbine is disassembled into a lower half outer casing and an upper half outer casing. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the inner casing of the steam turbine is disassembled into a lower half inner casing and an upper half inner casing.

Although not shown, the steam turbine includes a rotating body composed of a rotor, etc., and a stationary body composed of a blade ring, etc. composed of a diaphragm, a blade ring, a packing ring, a dummy ring, etc., in a lower half casing ( The flanges 20, 21, 30, 31 of the lower half outer compartment 1, lower half inner compartment 11) and the upper half compartment (upper half outer compartment 2, upper half inner compartment 12) are fastened with bolts. It is configured to be accommodated inside an external compartment 100 and an internal compartment 200 formed by the same. Some of the stationary bodies are installed outside the exterior compartment 100 and the interior compartment 200 .

The outer compartment 100 is brought into contact with the upper flange surface 3 of the flange part 20 of the lower half outer compartment 1 and the lower flange surface 4 of the flange part 21 of the upper half outer compartment 2 so as to face each other. By adjusting the mutual positions in the combined state and tightening with tightening bolts through the bolt holes 5 and 9 provided in the flange portions 20 and 21 of the lower half outer compartment 1 and the upper half outer compartment 2, respectively. formed.

Similarly, the inner compartment 200 is arranged such that the upper flange surface 13 of the flange portion 30 of the lower half inner compartment 11 and the lower flange surface 14 of the flange portion 31 of the upper half inner compartment 12 face each other. The positions of each other are adjusted while they are brought into contact with each other, and tightening bolts are used through the bolt holes 15 and 19 provided in the flange portions 30 and 31 of the lower half inner compartment 11 and the upper half inner compartment 12, respectively. formed by tightening.

In order to accurately and smoothly assemble such a turbine (steam turbine), the positions of the stationary bodies in the outer casing 100 and the inner casing 200 must be measured with reference to the rotating body adjusted to the correct position. It is necessary to perform an adjustment work (alignment work). However, in the steam turbine that has been operated for a certain period of time, the flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, and 14 of the outer casing 100 and the inner casing 200 may be deformed due to creep or the like.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flange portion of the internal compartment. Moreover, FIG. 6 is a top view which extracts and shows the flange part of an internal compartment.

As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, in a steam turbine that has been operated for a certain period of time, when the flanges 30 and 31 of the lower inner casing 11 and the upper inner casing 12 are tightened with fastening bolts, they are in contact with each other. The flange surfaces 13 and 14 may be deformed into a convex portion (convex portion 32) or a concave portion (concave portion 33) with respect to the planar shape (design shape) at the time of manufacture due to the influence of creep or the like. be. The same can be said for the lower half exterior compartment 1 and the upper half exterior compartment 2 of the exterior compartment 100 .

In such an alignment work for the outer compartment 100 and the inner compartment 200, the surface shapes of the flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, and 14 in contact with each other are measured, and the flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, and 14 are aligned based on the measurement results. It is necessary to predict the amount of displacement of the cabin due to the deformation of the body and calculate the appropriate amount of adjustment for the position of the stationary body.

Here, the basic principle of the measurement method according to this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring the flange surface of the lower inner compartment.

In the present embodiment, among the flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, and 14 in the outer compartment 100 and the inner compartment 200, the flange surface 13 of the lower inner compartment 11 will be described as a representative. A similar measurement method can be applied to the flange surfaces 3, 4, and 14 of .

As shown in FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, the total length L in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion 30, the number of bolts (the number of bolt holes 15) N for fastening the flange portion 30, and the longitudinal direction of the flange portion 30 Based on the bolt intervals (maximum pitch Pma, minimum pitch Pmi), the measurement interval M shown in the following (Equation 1) is obtained in advance, and the flange surface 13 is measured along the longitudinal direction at intervals equal to or less than this measurement interval M , for example, the inner and outer sides of the lower half internal compartment 11 are measured.
M=(L/N)×(Pmi/Pma) (Formula 1)

The above (formula 1) was obtained experimentally and empirically in view of the suppression of the number of measurement points that affects the measurement time and the increase in the number of measurement points that affects the measurement accuracy. By measuring the flange surface 13 based on the above, it is possible to suppress the extension of the measurement time and ensure an appropriate measurement accuracy that does not miss the feature of the shape of the object to be measured.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the measurement system according to this embodiment.

In FIG. 3, the measuring system 300 is used for measuring the flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, 14, and has a probe main body 301a and a proximal end fixed to the probe main body 301a, and a distal end of the probe main body 301a. 2, 11, 12 each flange surface 3, 4, 13, 14) and a point probe 301 having a rod-shaped probe member 301b to contact, and a predetermined coordinate system including the compartments 1, 2, 11, 12 and a control device 303 for calculating the position of the tip of the probe member 301b in the coordinate system based on the detection result from the probe position detection device 302. there is

The measurement system 300 employs, for example, a method of measuring the position of the tip of the probe member 301b by detecting the position and direction of the point probe 301 with a laser beam 312. The probe position detection device 302, which is a laser tracker, measures By accurately detecting the positions of the plurality of reference points provided on the probe main body 301a, the position of the tip of the probe member 301b having a predetermined shape in the coordinate system can be specified. That is, the surface position (coordinates) of the object to be measured can be obtained by acquiring the position (coordinates) of the tip while the tip of the probe member 301b is in contact with the object to be measured. Further, by replacing the probe member 301b with one having a different length and shape and updating the shape information of the probe member 301b used for position calculation, it is possible to measure an object having a more complicated shape.

The control device 303 sets the measurement points (positions where the tip of the probe member 301b contacts) on the flange surface 13 at intervals equal to or less than the measurement interval M calculated by the above (Equation 1) along the longitudinal direction, and the probe The position of the main body 301a (that is, the position of the tip of the probe member 301b) is constantly measured, and when the distance between the measurement point and the tip of the probe member 301b is within a predetermined range, the operator of the point probe 301 ( The operator) is notified that the tip of the probe member 301b is close to the measurement point via a notification device (for example, a speaker 304 or a wired or wirelessly connected tablet or smartwatch, not shown) may be used. The operator keeps the tip of the probe member 301b in contact with the surface of the object to be measured (here, it is synonymous with the measurement point) according to the notification by the notification device, and presses the measurement button, for example, to obtain information. Then, the surface shape (coordinates of the surface) of the object to be measured is measured.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the procedure of measurement processing.

As shown in FIG. 4, the control device 303 first calculates the measurement interval M based on the above (Equation 1) (step S100), and based on the measurement interval M, on the flange surface 13 along the longitudinal direction. to set a measurement point (step S110).

Subsequently, information on the position and orientation of the point probe 301 is acquired from the probe position detection device 302, and the position coordinates of the tip of the probe member 301b are calculated and acquired (step S120), and the tip of the probe member 301b is the measurement point. is within a range of a predetermined distance, that is, within a range that can be permitted as a measurement point (step S130).

If the determination result in step S130 is YES, the operator is notified that the measurement is possible via the notification device (step S140), and the measurement processing by the operator, that is, the tip of the probe member 301b is placed on the object to be measured. When the position coordinate acquisition process in the contact state is performed (step S150), it is then determined whether or not the measurement process has been performed at all measurement points (step S160). exit.

If the determination result in step S130 is NO, or if the determination result in step S160 is NO, the process returns to step S120.

Effects of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

FIG. 8 is a detailed view of a part of the lower inner compartment.

For example, as in the prior art, when measuring a turbine casing, which is an object to be measured, using a laser tracking non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine or a laser tracking contact measuring machine, the flange portion Accurate measurement is difficult due to obstacles such as fastening bolts. In addition, even when performing non-contact measurements using techniques such as laser scanning, the measurement accuracy can be affected by external factors such as shadows of obstacles, reflections from glossy surfaces, illumination, and sunlight, which reduces measurement accuracy. There is a risk. On the other hand, it is conceivable to use contact or non-contact measurement equipment and take time to perform detailed measurements in consideration of conditions such as obstacles, but the extension of measurement time will increase construction costs and power generation loss enormously. Therefore, it is not suitable as a method for improving measurement accuracy.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the upper half casing (upper half exterior casing 2, upper half interior casing 12) and the lower half casing (lower half exterior casing 1, lower half interior casing 11) A vehicle compartment (external vehicle compartment 100, internal vehicle compartment 200) configured by fastening respective flange portions 20, 21, 30, 31 of the vehicle compartment with bolts, a stationary body housed inside the vehicle compartment, and the vehicle In a turbine that is housed inside a chamber and has a rotating body that rotates with respect to a stationary body, the flanges 20, 21, 30, 31 are fastened to the total length L in the longitudinal direction of the flanges 20, 21, 30, 31 Based on the number N of bolts and the bolt intervals (minimum pitch Pmi, maximum pitch Pma) in the longitudinal direction of the flange portions 20, 21, 30, 31, the measurement interval M or less predetermined by the above (Equation 1) At intervals , the unevenness of the mutual contact surfaces (flange surfaces 3, 4, 13, 14) of the flange portions 20, 21, 30, 31 of the separated upper half casing and the lower half casing is Since it is configured to measure along the longitudinal direction, it is possible to ensure appropriate measurement accuracy that does not miss the feature of the shape of the object to be measured while suppressing the extension of the measurement time.

9 and 10 are diagrams showing an example of the measurement results of the flange surface, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement results when using the conventional technique as a comparative example, and FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a result.

As shown in Fig. 9, when the interval between the measurement points is wide, the number of measurement points decreases, but the actual shape and the measurement result diverge, such as the peak of the displacement amount in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the actual shape. It cannot be said that the feature of the shape of the object to be measured is accurately captured.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10, when the measurement is performed at the measurement interval M obtained based on the above (Equation 1), the feature of the shape of the object to be measured can be obtained while suppressing the increase in the number of measurement points. It can be seen that it is possible to capture it accurately, and it is possible to ensure appropriate measurement accuracy while suppressing the extension of the measurement time.

<Modification of First Embodiment>
A modification of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG.

In this modification, weighting is performed so that the measurement interval M becomes narrower at positions where displacement is expected to be large in the outer compartment 100 and the inner compartment 200 .

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the steam flow inside the passenger compartment. Moreover, FIG. 12 is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result of a flange surface.

As shown in FIG. 11, in the internal compartment 200, in a range A where the temperature rises due to exposure to high-temperature steam, as shown in ranges B and C in FIG. The displacement tends to be greater on the flange face than on the part. In addition, in the outer compartment 100 and the inner compartment 200, the displacement of the flange surface tends to be larger at the portion affected by the reaction force due to restraint or elongation by the piping. Therefore, as shown in the following (Equation 2), a weighting variable Z is introduced so that the measurement interval M becomes smaller at a portion where the displacement of the flange surface tends to increase.
M=(L/N)×(Pmi/Pma)×Z (Formula 2)

The weighting variable Z, for example, may be set to change based on the part temperature, or may be set to change based on other factors.

Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained in this modified example configured as described above.

Moreover, since the measurement interval M is calculated according to the temperature and other factors that affect the displacement amount of the flange surface, the measurement accuracy can be improved.

<Second Embodiment>
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16. FIG.

In this embodiment, in addition to measurement in the longitudinal direction of the flange surface, measurement in the width direction is performed.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of the flange surface. 14 to 16 are diagrams schematically showing cross-sections of the lower half internal compartment on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

As shown in FIG. 13, in this embodiment, the measurement is performed in the width direction of the flange surface at positions such as positions D and E in the longitudinal direction where the displacement of the flange surface is large. When the amount of displacement of the flange surface is large, it is conceivable that the change in displacement is remarkable also in the width direction of the flange surface. The flange portion may also be displaced in the width direction, and the amount of displacement is expected to vary depending on the position in the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, there is a high possibility that the amount of displacement in the width direction is large at a position where the amount of displacement is large when the flange surface is measured along the longitudinal direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the flange surface is measured along the width direction at positions such as positions D and E in the longitudinal direction where the displacement of the flange surface is large. As a result, compared to the case where there is no widthwise displacement as shown in FIG. 14, the shape is deformed into an inwardly inclined shape as shown in FIG. 15 or an outwardly inclined shape as shown in FIG. While being able to grasp|ascertain what is carrying out, the deformation amount (displacement amount) can be grasped|ascertained.

Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained in the present embodiment configured as described above.

In addition, when the flange surface is viewed in the width direction, it is possible to measure the flange surface along the width direction at positions where the amount of displacement may differ along the width direction. In addition, the measurement accuracy can be further improved.

<Appendix>
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications and combinations within the scope of the invention. Moreover, the present invention is not limited to those having all the configurations described in the above embodiments, and includes those having some of the configurations omitted. Further, each of the above configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by designing a part or all of them, for example, with an integrated circuit. Moreover, each of the above configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by software by a processor interpreting and executing a program for realizing each function.

1 Lower half outer compartment 2 Upper half outer compartment 3, 4 Flange surface 5, 9 Bolt hole 11 Lower inner compartment 12 Upper inner compartment 13, 14 Flange surface 15, 19 Bolt hole 20, 21, 30, 31 Flange portion 32 Convex portion 33 Concave portion 100 External compartment 200 Internal compartment 300 Measurement system 301 Point Probe 301a Probe main body 301b Probe member 302 Probe position detection device 303 Control device 304 Speaker 312 Laser light

Claims (5)

a vehicle chamber constructed by fastening flange portions of the upper half vehicle chamber and the lower half vehicle chamber with bolts; a stationary body housed inside the vehicle chamber; In a method for measuring a turbine comprising a rotating body rotating with respect to a stationary body,
At intervals equal to or less than a predetermined measurement interval M based on the total length in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion, the number of bolts that fasten the flange portion, and the interval between the bolts in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion, the upper half A method for measuring a turbine, comprising: measuring along the longitudinal direction unevenness of contact surfaces of flange portions of the casing separated into the casing and the lower half casing. The method for measuring a turbine according to claim 1,
The measurement interval M is obtained when L is the total length in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion, N is the number of bolts, and Pmi and Pma are the minimum and maximum values of the interval between the bolts in the longitudinal direction of the flange portion. (2) A method for measuring a turbine characterized by being represented by the following (Equation 1).
M=L/N×(Pmi/Pma) (Formula 1) The method for measuring a turbine according to claim 1,
It has a probe body and a rod-shaped probe member whose base end is fixed to the probe body and whose tip is brought into contact with the object to be measured, and the tip of the probe member in a predetermined coordinate system including the casing A method for measuring a turbine, characterized by measuring unevenness of the contact surface with a point probe capable of measuring a position. The method for measuring a turbine according to claim 1,
A method for measuring a turbine, wherein the measurement interval is further determined based on a temperature distribution in the casing during operation of the turbine. a vehicle chamber constructed by fastening flange portions of the upper half vehicle chamber and the lower half vehicle chamber with bolts; a stationary body housed inside the vehicle chamber; In a measurement system for measuring the unevenness of the mutual contact surfaces of the flange portions of the casing of a turbine including a rotating body that rotates with respect to a stationary body, in a state in which the upper half casing and the lower half casing are separated,
A point probe having a probe body and a rod-shaped probe member whose proximal end is fixed to the probe body and whose tip is brought into contact with an object to be measured;
a probe position detection device that detects the position and orientation of the point probe in a predetermined coordinate system that includes the vehicle compartment;
a control device that calculates the position of the tip of the probe member in the coordinate system based on the detection result from the probe position detection device;
The control device controls the operation of the upper part by a distance equal to or less than a predetermined distance based on the total length in the longitudinal direction of the flange part, the number of bolts that fasten the flange part, and the distance between the bolts in the longitudinal direction of the flange part. The distance between the tip of the probe member and a plurality of measurement points set along the longitudinal direction on the mutual contact surfaces of the flange portions of the casing in which the half casing and the lower half casing are separated. A measurement system, wherein, when the point probe falls within a predetermined range, a notification device notifies an operator of the point probe that the tip of the probe member is close to the measurement point.

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