JP7101385B2 - Concrete placement finish management method and concrete placement finish management system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a concrete casting finish management method and a concrete casting finish management system for controlling the finished height of concrete casting.

Concrete is generally used for civil engineering structures such as roads and building structures such as buildings because the material is easy to obtain regardless of the region, it has good workability, and it has excellent durability. .. For concrete, ready-mixed concrete is poured into a predetermined frame and hardened to complete the structure. Concrete placement may be done manually, but when it comes to large-scale construction, it is basically done with a dedicated machine.

Generally, after placing ready-mixed concrete, leveling work is performed with a trowel or the like so that the surface becomes the desired height. At this time, in order to ensure the accuracy and flatness of the height of the concrete surface, a mark of the casting height is installed. For example, in the case of concrete casting for general construction, a mark indicating the casting height is installed at an area of approximately 6 m ² (2.5 m × 2.5 m) or at a predetermined distance.

Using this mark as a reference, the worker uses a trowel to perform leveling work, and finally finishes the surface of the concrete placement so that it is at the placement height of the mark. In the case of concrete casting with a large casting area, installation work is performed to install a mark indicating the casting height. Specifically, since the worker installs the marks one by one while measuring the height of the marks, it takes a lot of time and labor.

Then, after the mark is installed, the worker performs concrete placing while checking this mark, and finally, a large leveling and iron leveling are performed to finally finish the surface of the concrete placement. However, the mark of the casting height is often removed at the time of large leveling, and the final finishing by iron leveling often depends on the intuition and skill of the worker. In this way, in order to guarantee the quality of concrete structures, it is important to control the finished height of concrete placement. For the finish of concrete placement, especially the surface height of concrete placement, a technique for managing the target height in real time is required.

A large number of various techniques have been proposed as techniques for managing the finish of concrete placement. For example, a concrete pouring management system is disclosed in which a sensor is placed in a concrete pouring space to measure the distance from a concrete surface that is displaced upward from below when concrete is placed (for example, Patent Document 1). .. The concrete height is calculated based on the measured value output from this sensor, and the height is displayed in real time on the screen of the calculation display device.

Further, there has been proposed a concrete deck finished height management system that measures and manages changes in the surface height at the time of placing concrete over time (Patent Document 2). This system measures the height of the surface of the cast concrete deck with a laser rangefinder, and displays the target surface height and the cast surface, which is the already cast surface, on the display. The difference in height is identified and displayed according to the degree of the height.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-83353 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-19202

However, the concrete casting management system described in Patent Document 1 measures the distance between the sensor and the concrete surface in the region immediately below the sensor. This system is unsuitable for placing concrete in a wide area such as a concrete building such as a road or a highway because it requires a large number of sensors to be placed. In addition, the worker may perform iron leveling for the finish while checking the mark, but in the case of a large casting area, the mark is removed and the iron leveling of the final finish is the skill, experience, etc. of the worker. Often depends on.

Therefore, there is a demand for a technique for accurately controlling the finish of the concrete casting surface, which does not depend on the skill and experience of the worker. In the concrete casting management system of Patent Document 2, prisms are placed at each point that serves as a reference for finishing the surface of the concrete deck, and the casting height is measured based on this, so a large number of prisms are installed. , The work to remove after placing is involved. The process of smoothing the finished product and leveling the iron also depends on the skills and experience of the workers at the site.

As described above, in the finishing process such as large leveling and iron leveling performed after concrete placement, a low-cost finishing technique that does not depend on the skill and experience of the worker is required. Furthermore, even when concrete is placed in a wide area such as roads, slabs, and soil floors, there is a need for technology that manages the finish of concrete placement in real time and conveys the height of concrete placement to on-site workers in an easy-to-understand manner. Has been done.

The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned technical background, and achieves the following objects.
An object of the present invention is to provide a concrete casting finish management method and a concrete casting finish management system for measuring and managing the finished height of concrete casting of a building.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost concrete casting finish management method and a concrete casting finish management system in which the concrete casting finish of a building does not depend on the skill, experience, etc. of a worker. There is something in it.

The present invention adopts the following means in order to achieve the above object.
The concrete casting finish management method of the present invention is:
In concrete casting where concrete is poured into the formwork and the surface of the concrete is leveled and finished using the finishing means (8) in order to construct the concrete deck.
A prism (3) fixedly installed in the finishing means and
A laser ranging means for measuring the surface height of the placed concrete deck while tracking the prism at the time of placing the concrete and outputting the measurement data.
Calculation to calculate the difference between the finish height of the target surface of the surface and the height of the already placed surface, which is the already placed surface, using the design data of the concrete deck and the measurement data. Means (6) and
Display means (4, 5) for displaying the calculated result and visualizing the casting surface, and
The laser ranging means, the calculation means, and the function of communicating with the display means by the communication means, the function of receiving the measurement data from the laser ranging means and transmitting the measurement data to the calculation means, and the calculated result are described above. It consists of a data processing means (5) having a function of receiving from a calculation means and displaying or transmitting to the display means.
It is characterized in that the concrete casting height is displayed and managed while displaying the difference between the finishing height of the display means and the target surface and the height of the casting surface.

The concrete placement finish management system of the present invention is
In concrete casting where concrete is poured into the formwork and the surface of the concrete is leveled and finished using the finishing means (8) in order to construct the concrete deck.
A prism (3) fixedly installed in the finishing means and
A laser ranging means for measuring the surface height of the placed concrete deck while tracking the prism at the time of placing the concrete and outputting the measurement data.
Using the design data of the concrete deck and the measurement data, the difference in height between the target finish height of the surface and the already placed surface is calculated and output. Calculation means (6) and
Display means (4, 5) for displaying the calculated result and visualizing the casting surface, and
The laser ranging means, the calculation means, and the function of communicating with the display means by the communication means, the function of receiving the measurement data from the laser ranging means and transmitting the measurement data to the calculation means, and the calculated result are described above. It is characterized by comprising a data processing means (5) having a function of receiving from a calculation means and displaying or transmitting to the display means.

In the concrete casting finish management method or the concrete casting finish management system described above, the difference in height is one or more highlights selected from numerical values, color enhancement, lighting display, voice warning, and message output. Is good.

Further, the finishing means may be one tool selected from a dragonfly, a magnesium float and a trowel.

Further, the display means may be a display of a portable electronic computer, or an augmented reality wearable computer of a retinal projection type display or a head-mounted display type.

In the concrete casting finish management method described above, the direction of the laser ranging means is adjusted and / or the tracking measurement of the laser ranging means is performed by the ranging means control means (7) for controlling the ranging means. It is good to start or stop.

In the concrete casting finish management system described above, the control means (7) for the distance measuring means for adjusting the direction of the laser distance measuring means and / or starting or stopping the tracking measurement of the laser distance measuring means is provided. Is good.

According to the present invention, the following effects are achieved. According to the concrete casting finish management method and the concrete casting finish management system of the present invention, it is easy to measure and manage the concrete casting finish, especially the height. Further, according to the concrete placing finish management method and the concrete placing finish management system of the present invention, the rough leveling and iron leveling process for the finish of concrete placing can be performed by the operator by a display device, smart glasses, etc. Visualized and easier to work with.

According to the concrete placing finish management method and the concrete placing finish management system of the present invention, it was possible to measure the height change in the concrete placing finish and to informatize the concrete placing finish. Further, according to the concrete placing finish management method and the concrete placing finish management system of the present invention, the quality of the concrete placing finish can be improved and the construction period can be improved by measuring and managing the concrete placing finish, especially the height. We were able to shorten the time and improve economic efficiency.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an outline of a concrete casting finish management system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an example diagram illustrating a state in which a prism 3 and a display 4 are fixed to a register mark 21 of a finishing means 8 to perform rough finishing work in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. .. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a register mark 21 equipped with a prism 3 in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an example diagram illustrating a state in which the prism 3 is fixed to the iron 20 of the finishing means 8 and the final finishing work is performed in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example in which the prism 3 is fixed to the iron 20 in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing how the offset of the measurement position is measured in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of a flow in which the concrete casting height is managed on-site in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of data processing performed by the computer 6 in the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an outline of an experimental site in an experiment using the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a graph showing experimental results in an experiment using the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10A shows a probability density function of the height of the finished surface. In the graph, FIG. 10B is a graph showing the probability density function of the flatness of the finished surface.

Hereinafter, the concrete casting finish management system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an outline of a concrete casting finish management system 1. The concrete placing finish management system 1 is a system for managing the finish in concrete placing work of construction such as concrete floorboards, and in particular, it is a system for managing the height of concrete floorboards in comparison with the target height. be.

Concrete floorboards are constructed of concrete structures such as viaducts, roads and buildings. For example, in a viaduct, a bridge girder (not shown) is installed on a pier installed on the ground surface, and a concrete formwork is assembled on the bridge girder. Reinforcing bars are arranged on the bottom formwork of the concrete formwork, and ready-mixed concrete is placed in the concrete formwork. The concrete formwork is for maintaining the shape until the ready-mixed concrete hardens.

In the case of building construction, a concrete formwork is also installed, and ready-mixed concrete is poured into it. Since the construction work of the concrete formwork, the material of the concrete formwork, etc. are not the gist of the present invention, detailed description thereof will be omitted. Generally, at the concrete placing site, after the ready-mixed concrete is poured, the worker uses finishing tools such as dragonflies and trowels (wooden trowels, gold trowels) to level the concrete surface and perform the finishing work. ..

The concrete placing finish management system 1 measures the surface of concrete with a laser ranging device during finishing work, compares it with a target height, and provides the operator with a comparison result in real time. As shown in FIG. 1, the concrete casting finish management system 1 of the present embodiment includes a laser rangefinder 2, a prism 3, a display 4, a measurement data collector 5, a computer 6, and the like, as shown in FIG.

The laser rangefinder 2 projects a laser light source onto an object, in this example, a prism 3, and detects the reflected laser beam, calculates the distance to the object, and outputs the coordinates and height of the object. (Details will be described later). As the laser rangefinder 2, a general-purpose device such as a total station is used. In this example, the total station Layout Navigator LN-100 manufactured by Topcon Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Itabashi-ku, Tokyo) was adopted.

The laser rangefinder 2 has an automatic tracking function, and further has a Bluetooth (registered trademark) wireless communication function and a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) function as communication functions. Further, the laser rangefinder 2 is provided with a rangefinder controller 7 for remotely controlling the direction and the like. The rangefinder controller 7 of this example is an electronic device having a wireless communication function, and FIG. 1 illustrates a device having a push button type operation button.

The prism 3 is installed at a distance measuring target point and is for receiving and reflecting a laser beam from a laser ranging device 2. This system is an omnidirectional prism capable of reflecting a light source from the entire circumference in the horizontal direction. Is adopted. In this example, a 360 ° Mini prism GRZ101 manufactured by Leica Geosystems (Switzerland) was used as the prism 3. In this example, the prism 3 is fixed to and used as a finishing means 8 (ground leveling means) such as a trowel 20 and a dragonfly 21 used for finishing concrete placement (details will be described later).

The display 4 is a display means worn by an operator who displays the height of the finishing place. The operator performs the finishing work so that the height of the finishing matches the target height while observing the height of the finishing place displayed on the display 4. The display 4 can be installed at any place as long as it can be visually confirmed by the operator. Further, as the display 4, a display worn by the operator on the head, for example, a retinal projection type display (smart glasses), a head mounted display (HMD: Head mounted display), or the like can be used.

However, since the worker performs the finishing work while confirming the finishing place, a transparent smart display or a retinal projection type display that does not obstruct the view of the working place is preferable. In short, the display 4 selects and uses the most suitable means from the display means 4 such as a display fixed to the finishing means 8 and a display mounted on the worker's head, depending on the scale of the finishing work and the type of finishing.

Smart glasses are preferable when a height system such as final finishing requires a design value and high accuracy such as several mm or less, at most 1 cm or less. Of course, for rough finishes, smart glasses can also be used. Examples of smart glasses include wearable terminals that are fixed to worker's glasses or helmets with clips, such as Info Linker (registered trademark) manufactured by Westunitis Co., Ltd. (Headquarters location: Kita-ku, Osaka).

The measurement data collector 5 is a core device that communicates with the constituent devices of the system 1 such as the laser rangefinder 2, the display 4, the rangefinder controller 7, and the computer 6 to transmit and receive data. The measurement data collector 5 is described in detail below, but basically, it has a function of receiving measurement data from the laser rangefinder 2 and transmitting it to the computer 6, and receiving processing data from the computer 6 and receiving the processing data. It is a data processing device having a function of transmitting to the display 4, and can be said to be a data repeater.

The measurement data collector 5 has a display screen and displays data received from the computer 6. At the time of rough finishing, the measurement data collector 5 can be used as the display 4. The measurement data collector 5 communicates with the constituent devices of the system 1 by any communication means, but the wireless communication means is preferable because it is often moved at the site. In this example, a smartphone equipped with a wireless communication means is adopted as the measurement data collector 5.

As an example of this, the Toughpad FZ-E1 manufactured by Panasonic Corporation (Headquarters location: Osaka Prefecture) can be exemplified because it is used in a harsh environment at a construction site. The computer 6 is an electronic computer including a central processing unit, an input means, an output means, a storage means, and the like. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the computer 6 illustrates the main body 6a and the display 6b, and the display 6b displays a plan view of a concrete casting location at the site.

As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic computer 6 is a desktop computer composed of a main body 6a and a display 6b, but is an integrated computer in which the main body 6a, the display 6b, and an input / output device are integrated. It may be a type computer and a server computer having high computing power.

The computer 6 has a function of storing on-site design data in an auxiliary storage device or the like and using the design data to create 3D data of the finishing place, and displaying the created 3D data in the measurement data collector 5. A function to send to the device 4 etc., a function to calculate the height of the finishing place based on the measurement data measured by the laser rangefinder 2, a function to compare this calculation with the design value (target value) and output the height of the finishing place. It is provided with a function of displaying by superimposing on the design data, a function of transmitting only the calculation result or a composite data in which the calculation result and the design data are superposed to the measurement data collector 5, the display 4, and the like, and a communication function.

In addition, the computer 6 has a function of creating design data, a function of calculating the position of equipment, a function of calculating the position and height difference of the work site, a function of creating a form showing the situation of the site and the work situation, and a form. It has a function to output. Since the present invention is not the invention of the computer 6 itself, only the outline thereof will be described, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The rangefinder controller 7 is a remote controller for adjusting the laser projection direction of the laser rangefinder 2.

The rangefinder controller 7 communicates directly with the laser rangefinder 2 via the measurement data collector 5. The range-finding controller 7 is brought by an operator, a site supervisor, or the like, and operates operation buttons such as push buttons and touch buttons on the screen to change the projection angle of the laser range-finding device 2.

When the laser rangefinder 2 stops automatically tracking the prism 3, or when the automatic tracking is interrupted, the rangefinder controller 7 sends a command to rotate the direction of the laser rangefinder 2 to the laser rangefinder 2. The laser rangefinder 2 receives this command and rotates its main body to change the laser projection angle. The range-finding controller 7 can remotely control the start, interruption, stop, etc. of the automatic tracking function by instructing the laser range-finding device 2.

The data measured by automatically tracking the prism 3 with the laser rangefinder 2 is transmitted to the computer 6 via the measurement data collector 5, and the computer 6 automatically tracks from the laser rangefinder 2. When it is detected that the measured data can no longer be received or is disconnected, a message indicating that the automatic tracking has been stopped or interrupted is generated and sent to the measurement data collector 5 and the display 4, and they are sent to each other. Display on the screen.

Upon receiving this message, the operator interrupts the finishing work, operates the laser rangefinder 2 with the rangefinder controller 7, adjusts the direction thereof, and starts the automatic tracking function. FIG. 2 shows an example of using the concrete casting finish management system 1, specifically, a state in which the prism 3 and the display 4 are fixed to the registration mark 21 of the finishing means 8 to perform rough finishing work. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a registration mark 21 equipped with a prism 3.

As shown in FIG. 2, the operator holds the handle 21b of the dragonfly 21 (bull float, T-shaped finishing tool) by hand and moves the iron portion 21a back and forth to move the trowel portion 21a back and forth to form the ready-mixed concrete. The surface is leveled. As shown in FIG. 3, the prism 3 is fixed to the mounting portion 21c fixed on the iron portion 21a by the fixing means 21d. As the fixing means 21d, any fixing means can be used, but in this example, a band for fixing connection and tightened with a screw and a nut was used.

The band has a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section, and is fixed so as to surround the tubular mounting portion 21c. The handle 21b is mounted and fixed to the tubular mounting portion 21c, whereby the handle 21b is fixed in a T shape at right angles to the iron portion 21a which is a substantially rectangular plate material. As shown in FIG. 2, the display 4 is fixed to the intermediate portion of the handle 21b by a mechanical fixing means so that the screen faces the operator. In this example, the display 4 is a small display type, and the measurement data collector 5 is used as the display 4.

FIG. 4 shows an example of using the concrete casting finish management system 1, specifically, a state in which the prism 3 is fixed to the iron 20 of the finishing means 8 and the final finishing work is performed. As shown in the figure, the operator holds the grip portion 20c of the iron 20 by hand and moves the iron plate 20a back and forth on the finished surface to perform the final finishing. The prism 3 is fixed to the grip portion 20c, and the smart glass of the display 4 is attached to the head of the operator. The worker is doing the final finishing while watching the image / screen of the smart glass.

The computer 6 can communicate with other computers such as a network folder and a management center via a communication network such as the Internet and a public communication network, and can receive data. In this way, the computer 6 can communicate with other devices on the network, receive design data, and transmit processing results, data received from the laser rangefinder 2, and the like.

A prism 3 is fixed to a finishing tool 8 used by an operator in the finishing work of concrete placing. In this example, FIG. 5 illustrates the iron 20 as an example of the finishing tool 8. The trowel 20 includes a trowel plate 20a whose lower surface is a smooth surface and a handle portion (support rod 20b, grip portion 20c) for the operator to grip by hand. The grip portion 20c is fixed to the iron plate 20a via the support portion 20b.

The prism 3 is fixed to the tip of the rod-shaped grip portion 20c by the fixing means 3a. As the fixing means 3a, any fixing means can be used, but in this example, a band 3a for fixing connection and tightened with a screw and a nut was used. The band 3a has a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section, and as shown in FIG. 5, is composed of a strip-shaped metal member fixed so as to surround one end of the rod-shaped grip portion 20c, and each end portion of the strip-shaped metal member in the longitudinal direction. A bent flange portion is formed, and each flange portion is provided with a bolt hole.

The neck of the bolt is passed through the flange and tightened with a nut. A plate portion is welded and fixed to the upper portion of the band 3a, and the prism 3 is fixed to the plate portion by a fixing screw mechanism. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing how the offset of the measurement position is measured. The prism 3 is fixed and the iron 20 is placed on a horizontal and flat place such as a desk 22, and the leveling surface of the iron plate 20a to the leveling surface of the prism 3 is measured and used as an offset value H _offset .

As a result, the exact height of the finished surface (leveling surface) of the concrete can be confirmed when the worker is leveling. The offset value is input to the measurement data collector 5. When the work of fixing the prism 3 to the finishing means 8 is suitable, calibration is performed for surveying, but the calibration is known and detailed description thereof will be omitted. As a result, the computer 6 calculates the height of the finished surface in consideration of the value of the offset value. This calculation is known and details are omitted.

[Laser rangefinder 2]
Hereinafter, the outline of the structure of the laser rangefinder 2, the surveying method, and the like will be briefly described, and the detailed structure and the surveying method will be omitted because they are general-purpose equipment. The laser rangefinder 2 is mounted and fixed on a tripod 2a (see FIG. 1). The tripod 2a equipped with the laser ranging device 2 is installed near the concrete casting site.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the laser rangefinder 2 performs wireless bidirectional communication with the measurement data collector 5, but the laser rangefinder 4 and the measurement data collector 5 use a communication cable or the like. The laser rangefinder 2 may be provided with a wired communication function to be connected. Hereinafter, wireless communication will be described as an example. The measurement data collector 5 has a built-in antenna for wireless communication (not shown).

The measurement data collector 5 communicates with the laser rangefinder 2, the display 4, the computer 6, the rangefinder controller 7, and the like via this antenna. The measurement data collector 5 has a communication function for bidirectional communication with each of the laser rangefinder 2 and the computer 6. The computer 6 communicates with the measurement data collector 5 via an antenna (not shown).

The laser rangefinder 2 includes a laser beam (phase) detection distance calculator (not shown). The laser beam detection distance calculator includes a laser projector for oscillating the projected laser beam, a two-axis rotation servo mechanism for controlling the optical axis to a two-dimensional angle corresponding to the projection direction of the laser projector, and laser projection. It is equipped with a laser projection angle electronic control system that programwise controls the angle, and a light wave phase analysis distance calculator that detects the reflected and returned laser light and measures the phase.

The projected laser beam projected from the laser projector is reflected by the prism 3, and the reflected laser beam reflected and returned is received by the light wave phase analysis distance calculator. The light wave phase analysis distance calculator is based on the phase difference corresponding to the reflected laser light and the projected laser light, and is located between the mechanical origin (reference point) set in the laser rangefinder 2 and the measurement target point. The distance (R) is calculated, and the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the measurement target point are output as distance measurement data.

Since the distance measurement data has three-dimensional polar coordinate data (R, θ _x , θ _y ) and the distance R is measured corresponding to the two-dimensional angular coordinates (θ _x , θ _y ), the three-dimensional polar coordinates are measured. The distance data R among the data is expressed as R (θ _x , θ _y ). The three-dimensional polar coordinate data (R, θ _x , θ _y ) are the two-dimensional angle data (θ _x , θ _y ) output from the laser projection angle electronic control system and the distance data output from the light wave phase analysis distance calculator. It is created by a 3D polar coordinate data creator that synthesizes R.

The 3D polar coordinate data creator creates time-series 3D polar coordinate data (R (t), θ _x , θ _y ) or (R (t, θ _x , θ _y ), θ _x , θ _y ). be able to. The time t is given by a built-in clock (not shown). The position where the laser ranging device 2 is installed is calculated by the rear association method, but the rear association method is a well-known measurement technique, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1, the display 6b of the computer 6 displays the design data of the concrete deck together with the actual progress of concrete placement measured by the laser rangefinder 2. At the time of this display, the difference between the height of the target surface targeted by the design data of the concrete slab and the height of the already placed surface is displayed. This difference is calculated as difference data.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a flow of managing the concrete placing height at the site by the concrete placing finish management system 1. First, at the site, prepare for measurement (step 1). Here, a worker or the like installs the laser rangefinder 2 near the site. Further, the prism 3 is fixed to the finishing means 8. In the case of large leveling immediately after pouring ready-mixed concrete, the finishing means 8 is a register mark 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

After that, the offset value of the prism 3 installed on the registration mark 21 is measured and calibration is performed. The offset value is input to the measurement data collector 5 by the operator and reflected in the system 1. Further, at this time, the prism 3 can be set in the iron portion 20a of the iron 20 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) and the offset value thereof can be measured, but it may be performed after the rough leveling.

Further, the communication state between the computer 6 and the measurement data collector 5 and the communication state with the laser rangefinder 2, the measurement data collector 5, the range meter controller 7, and the display 4 are confirmed. Preparations for concrete placement are made (step 2). At this time, formwork inspection for pouring ready-mixed concrete, preparation of ready-mixed concrete, etc. are performed. Steps 1 and 2 may be performed in parallel, and the operator appropriately performs the steps according to the characteristics of the site.

When the above preparations are completed, ready-mixed concrete is poured into the formwork (step 3). Then, when the compaction work of the placed concrete is performed, the following finishing work is started at the same time. The finishing work consists of rough finishing and final finishing (steps 4 and 5). In the rough finish, the concrete surface is leveled with a finishing tool 8 such as a register mark 21. At this time, the display 4 (or the data collector 5 for measurement) is fixed to the handle 21b of the register mark 21, and the prism 3 is fixed to the iron portion 21a, and the casting height is measured (step 4).

The measurement data collector 5 is provided with a small display, which is used as a display 4. At the time of rough finishing, an operator can wear smart glasses as a display 4 and work while displaying the casting height on the display of the smart glasses. After the rough finish, it is necessary to wait for the concrete to harden, during which time the final finish can be prepared.

At this time, the prism 3 is fixed to the grip portion 20c of the iron 20 by the band 3a, and the offset value thereof is measured. The offset value is input to the measurement data collector 5 by the operator and reflected in the system 1. When the final finishing is started, the operator attaches the smart glass of the display 4 to the head and finishes the surface of the concrete casting while checking the image displayed on the smart glass.

When the final finishing is finished, the surface of the concrete casting is finally measured, in other words, three-dimensional finished shape measurement is performed and the data is stored in the computer 6. In this way, the work flow is performed at the site where the concrete is placed. FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of data processing performed by the computer 6. The on-site design data is stored in the auxiliary storage device of the computer 6, and is read and used from the concrete placing height management application program or the like running on the computer 6.

The concrete placement height management application program (hereinafter referred to as “management application program”) is a stand-alone application program installed on the computer 6 or an online application program accessed from the computer 6 via a network. Can be.

Since the present invention is not an invention of the management application program itself, only an outline of its operation will be described, and a detailed description of its structure and function will be omitted. In the computer 6, the management application program reads the design data and displays the design data of the concrete deck as a concrete placement height management site map on the display 6b.

Further, the width and length of the site are input by the manager, and the concrete placing height management site map specified by the width and length of the site can be displayed on the display 6b. Furthermore, if the concrete placement height management site has a shape that can be easily grasped by the manager, the manager inputs the width, length, etc. of the road and uses it as a concrete placement height management site map on the display 6b. It can also be displayed. After that, at the concrete placement site, pre-measurement is performed before concrete placement.

In the computer 6, the management application program creates three-dimensional data of the concrete finished surface (step 10). This is performed by data processing based on the coordinate data of the laser rangefinder 2 using the design data of the building at the site. In this three-dimensional data, the coordinates of a point that becomes a standard in the field are measured by the distance measuring machine 2, and the data is transmitted to the computer 6.

In the computer 6, the management application program matches this coordinate data with the appropriate coordinates of the design data, calculates and outputs the concrete finished surface at the site. The management application program utilizes the offset amount measured when the prism 3 is fixed to the finishing means when generating the finished surface image. When the image data of the finished surface is created based on the data measured by the ranging device 2, the difference from the design value is displayed numerically and color-emphasized on the drawing.

For example, if the current surface height is higher than the design value, it is the first color (for example, red), and if it is lower, it is the second color (for example, blue), and the difference from the design value is within the allowable range. Display in a third color (for example, green). Further, as emphasis, it can be displayed in bold characters of colored or standard font, or can be displayed by lighting. Further, when the deviation of the measured numerical value data from the design value greatly deviates from the allowable range, it is highlighted by voice warning, message output, or the like.

In this way, the highlighting can be appropriately selected by the manager (worker) according to the characteristics and requirements of the site. Of course, the highlighting can be displayed on the measurement data collector 5 and the display 4 at the same time on the display 6b of the computer 6. As a result, a person who supervises and manages the site while looking at the display 6b of the computer 6 can easily check the condition of the finished surface and the finished work.

The finished surface image data produced by this calculation, in other words, the three-dimensional data of the concrete finished surface, is transmitted from the computer 6 to the measurement data collector 5 (step 11). The finished surface image data can be transmitted from the computer 6 by communication means and input, but can be manually input to the measurement data collector 5 via the recording medium.

The computer 6 confirms communication between the computer 6 and the measurement data collector 5 during on-site preparations (see steps 1 and 2 in FIG. 6, the description thereof) (step 12). At the same time, the communication status with the laser rangefinder 2, the measurement data collector 5, the rangefinder controller 7, and the display 4 is confirmed, and if communication is normally performed, the actual finishing work starts. Automatic tracking by the laser rangefinder 2 is started (step 13).

The computer 6 communicates with the measurement data collector 5 and receives the latest coordinate data measured by tracking the prism 3 with the laser ranging device 2 (step 14). The computer 6 calculates the difference between the finished surface and the design value using the latest ranging data, and generates a finished surface image based on the calculation result (steps 15 and 16). Then, the computer 6 transmits the generated finished surface image to the measurement data collector 5 (step 17).

In the computer 6, when generating the finished surface image, the offset amount measured when the prism 3 is fixed to the finishing means is used. Then, the computer 6 confirms the end of the finishing work, and if it is not completed or the end instruction is not given by the operator or the administrator, the computer 6 waits for the reception of new data from the measurement data collector 5 (step 18). ). When new data is received, the processes of steps 14 to 17 are performed.

Then, when the finishing work is completed, the finished shape measurement data of the concrete surface measured by the laser ranging device 2 is received from the measurement data collector 5 (step 19). When this data is received, it is stored in the database (step 20). Alternatively, the difference between each measurement point and the design value can be calculated and displayed on the screen so that the operator, the manager, or the like can confirm it.

The process shown in FIG. 7 described above is used by displaying the finishing status in real time for both rough finishing (large leveling) and final finishing, and the work characteristics (required finishing) in these operations are used. It can be used properly according to the accuracy) as follows. In the rough finishing work, the elevation difference from the 3D design data is displayed in real time. The display image on the screen of the measurement data collector 5 is also displayed on the display 6b of the computer 6.

In the case of final finishing, the elevation difference from the three-dimensional design data is displayed on the display 4 in real time. The screen of the smart glasses, which is the display 4 at the time of final finishing, or the display image of the screen is displayed on the display 6b of the computer 6. When the automatic tracking by the laser rangefinder 2 is stopped or disconnected, the rangefinder controller 7 is operated to align the direction of the laser rangefinder 2 with the prism 3. Regarding the interruption or stop of the automatic tracking, a warning or the like to that effect is displayed on the screen of the computer 6.

Further, in order to reduce the communication capacity between the computer 6, the measurement data collector 5, the display 4, and the like, the following processing may be performed. In the computer 6, the management application program calculates the difference between the height of the finished surface and the design value based on the coordinates and height data measured by the rangefinder 2, and as the calculation result, the measured numerical data and coordinates. Is output, and this is transmitted to the measurement data collector 5, the display 4, and the like.

The measurement data collector 5 superimposes and displays the measurement numerical data on the received coordinates on the concrete casting height management site map input in advance. At this time, the deviation of the measured numerical data from the design value can be highlighted as described above, or the measured numerical data can be displayed numerically as the deviation from the design value.

As an emphasis, for example, when the measured numerical data shows a high value from the design value, it is the first color (for example, red), and when it is low, it is the second color (for example, blue), and the difference from the design value is within the allowable range. If is, it is displayed in the third color (for example, green). As an emphasis, it can be displayed in bold characters in a colored or standard font, or can be displayed lit. Further, when the deviation of the measured numerical value data from the design value greatly deviates from the allowable range, it is highlighted by voice warning, message output, or the like.

As described above, the data processing such as the creation of the plan view of the work site is performed by the computer 6, but this data processing can also be performed by the measurement data collector 5. When the measurement data collector 5 functions as the computer 6, communication between the measurement data collector 5 and the computer 6 in the flowcharts of FIGS. 7 and 8 and their explanations becomes unnecessary, and the entire system becomes compact. Become.

[experiment]
A field experiment was conducted to compare the construction method using the above-mentioned concrete casting finish management system 1 (hereinafter referred to as this construction method) with the conventional construction method. The experimental site was a construction site for pier footing. The outline of the experimental site is shown in Fig. 9 (area surrounded by a thin broken line). At the experimental site, the casting area was 232 m ² (14.9 m × 15.6 m), and the casting amount was 928 m ³ .

In this experiment, the laser rangefinder 4 was the automatic tracking total station LN-100, the measurement data collector 5 was the smartphone FZ-E1, and the range controller 7 was the game controller ZERO (SHENZHEN 8BITDO TECH Co., Ltd.) ( Headquarters: Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, People's Republic of China), omnidirectional prism GRZ101 and ATP1S II were used as prism 3 (for tracking), and InfoLinker was used as smart glass for display 4.

In addition, the 3D scanner GLS-2000 manufactured by Topcon Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Itabashi-ku, Tokyo) was used for the measurement for confirming the finished concrete placement surface after the final finishing of concrete placement. As shown by the thick broken line in FIG. 9, the experimental site is divided into the first to fourth sections, and the first section is the second section of this method using automatic casting height tracking for rough finishing and final finishing. Used automatic tracking for rough finishing, the final finishing was performed by the conventional method, and the third and fourth sections were performed by the conventional method.

As shown in FIG. 9, two pumps, a first pump and a second pump, for pouring the ready-mixed concrete into the site were installed, and the ready-mixed concrete was poured along the driving direction indicated by the thick arrow. For automatic tracking of finishing work, two total stations consisting of a first range measuring device and a second range measuring device were installed, and automatic tracking was performed in the first section and the second section to perform finishing work.

The procedure and results of the experiment will be described below. The site where the concrete was placed was divided into 4 minutes, and rough finishing and final finishing work was performed by the main method, the conventional method, and the mixed method of the main method and the conventional method. In this method and the conventional method, the same registration mark was used for rough finishing, and the same iron was used for final finishing. In the first section shown in FIG. 9, this method was used for both rough finishing and final finishing.

In other words, the rough finish and the final finish were performed by the operator while checking the display 4. In the second section shown in FIG. 9, this method was used for rough finishing and the conventional method was used for final finishing. In the third section and the fourth section shown in FIG. 9, the conventional method was used for both rough finishing and final finishing.

In this rough finishing method, as shown in FIG. 2, the prism 3 around the entire circumference and the data collector 5 for measurement are fixed to the register mark 21, and the operator performs the rough finishing work while checking the screen of the data collector 5 for measurement. Was done. In this final finishing method, as shown in FIG. 4, the prism 3 is fixed to the iron 20, the operator attaches the smart glass of the display 4 to the head, and the final finish is performed while checking the screen of the smart glass. Finishing work was done.

In the conventional construction method, the rough finishing work is performed with the dragonfly while the worker confirms the mark installed in the casting section. Then, after the rough finish, the mark was removed. After the rough finishing and final finishing were completed, a laser scanner was used to measure the finished shape of the concrete placement surface and acquire on-site data. The finished product was measured with a 0.01 m ² / point (10 cm square) mesh.

Signal processing was performed using this measurement data, and statistical processing of the casting height of the concrete surface was performed. Therefore, the elevation difference (difference between the maximum and the minimum) with the three-dimensional design data was compared for each of the height accuracy of the concrete surface of the first to fourth sections. Regarding the flatness, a grid line of 1 m mesh was created on the heat map of the experimental site and evaluated for each line.

FIG. 10 illustrates a graph of the results of an experiment conducted using the system 1. FIG. 10A illustrates a graph of the probability density function of the height accuracy of the finished surface of the construction performed by the conventional construction method and the construction method by this system. The graph of this probability density function is a graph of the value obtained by integrating the probability that the height of the finished concrete surface takes the design value over the field range.

The horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 10A represents the height of the evaluation points and the deviation from the design value, and the vertical axis represents the probability that the height of the evaluation points takes the design value. FIG. 10B illustrates a probability density function of the flatness of the finished surface of the work performed by the conventional method and the method by this system. The horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 10B represents the deviation between the flatness of the evaluation area and the design value, and the vertical axis represents the probability that the flatness of the evaluation point takes the design value.

Table 1 summarizes the results of field experiments. The first column shows the evaluation items, the second column shows the finishing results by the conventional method, the third column shows the finishing results by this method, and the fourth column. Shows a comparison between the conventional method and this method. As described above, the accuracy of this method is improved in terms of average height, maximum and minimum values of height, and standard deviation as compared with the conventional method. Comparing the conventional method and the present method, as shown in Table 1, the accuracy of each item (maximum value, minimum value range, standard deviation of height) was improved by about 50%.

Similarly, the accuracy of the flatness of the concrete surface has improved in terms of the maximum value of the recess and the standard deviation in the order of using tonpuri and ironpuri compared to the conventional construction.

〔effect〕
As described above, by using the concrete casting finish management system 1 of the present invention, the worker can perform the finishing work while directly and in real time confirming the height of the finished surface through the display 4 such as smart glasses. I can now do it. This eliminates the need for the conventional mark that was installed to confirm the finish height.

Further, since the three-dimensional data of the finished surface is used, the operator can directly check the finished surface regardless of whether the concrete finished surface has a slope or the concrete finished surface is a curved surface. As a result, the accuracy (flatness, high and low) of the finished surface has been improved as compared with the conventional case. Of course, these utilitarian tasks reduce the management burden on the finished surface for workers and managers during on-site work.

The concrete casting finish management system 1 can be used at a site at the top of concrete where the height does not change during casting and where there is no deflection, a site having a sloped surface, a curved surface, or the like. As a result, a dragonfly is used for rough finishing when placing concrete, and then a mark indicating the casting height is not required for final finishing using a trowel such as a wooden iron or a gold iron, which is a conventional mark. It eliminates the need for installation and removal of concrete, which leads to savings in construction costs.

We will build a system that allows workers who are performing finishing work to measure and check the finishing height of concrete in real time until the finishing is completed, improve the height accuracy and flatness of the concrete finished surface, and prepare for placing. It is possible to save labor at the time of placing.

Claims (10)

In concrete placement, in order to construct a concrete deck, concrete is poured into the formwork and the surface of the concrete is leveled and finished using the finishing means (8).
A prism (3) fixedly installed in the finishing means and
A laser ranging means for measuring the surface height of the placed concrete deck while tracking the prism at the time of placing the concrete and outputting the measurement data.
Calculation to calculate the difference between the finish height of the target surface of the surface and the height of the already placed surface, which is the already placed surface, using the design data of the concrete deck and the measurement data. Means (6) and
Display means (4, 5) for displaying the calculated result and visualizing the casting surface, and
The laser ranging means, the calculation means, and the function of communicating with the display means by the communication means, the function of receiving the measurement data from the laser ranging means and transmitting the measurement data to the calculation means, and the calculated result are described above. It consists of a data processing means (5) having a function of receiving from a calculation means and displaying or transmitting to the display means.
A concrete casting finish management method, characterized in that the concrete casting height is displayed and managed while displaying the difference between the finishing height of the target surface and the casting surface of the display means. .. In the concrete casting finish management method according to claim 1,
The concrete casting finish management method, wherein the difference in height is one or more highlights selected from numerical values, color highlights, lighting displays, voice warnings, and message outputs. In the concrete casting finish management method according to claim 1 or 2.
The concrete casting finish management method, wherein the finishing means is one tool selected from a dragonfly, a magnesium float, and a trowel. In the concrete casting finish management method according to claim 1, which is selected from claims 1 to 3.
The display means is a display of a portable electronic computer, or an augmented reality wearable computer of a retinal projection type display or a head-mounted display type, and is a concrete casting finish management method. In the concrete casting finish management method according to claim 1 or 2.
It is characterized in that the direction of the laser ranging means is adjusted and / or the tracking measurement of the laser ranging means is started or stopped by the controlling means (7) for the ranging means for controlling the ranging means. Concrete placement finish management method. In concrete casting where concrete is poured into the formwork and the surface of the concrete is leveled and finished using the finishing means (8) in order to construct the concrete deck.
A prism (3) fixedly installed in the finishing means and
A laser ranging means for measuring the surface height of the placed concrete deck while tracking the prism at the time of placing the concrete and outputting the measurement data.
Using the design data of the concrete deck and the measurement data, the difference between the finished height of the target surface of the surface and the height of the already placed surface is calculated and output. Calculation means (6) and
Display means (4, 5) for displaying the calculated result and visualizing the casting surface, and
The laser distance measuring means, the calculation means, the function of communicating with the display means by the communication means, the function of receiving the measurement data from the laser distance measuring means and transmitting the measurement data to the calculation means, and the calculated result are described above. A concrete casting finish management system comprising a data processing means (5) having a function of receiving from a calculation means and displaying or transmitting to the display means. In the concrete casting finish management system according to claim 6,
A concrete casting finish management system characterized in that the difference in height is one or more highlights selected from numerical values, color highlights, lighting displays, voice warnings and message outputs. In the concrete casting finish management system according to claim 6 or 7.
The finishing means is a concrete casting finish management system characterized in that it is one tool selected from dragonflies, magnesium floats and irons. In the concrete casting finish management system according to claim 1, which is selected from claims 6 to 8.
The display means is a display of a portable electronic computer, or an augmented reality wearable computer of a retinal projection type display or a head-mounted display type, and is a concrete casting finish management system. In the concrete casting finish management system according to claim 6 or 7.
Concrete placement finish management, characterized in that the control means (7) for the distance measuring means for adjusting the direction of the laser distance measuring means and / or starting or stopping the tracking measurement of the laser distance measuring means is provided. system.

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