JP7096685B2 - Buffer and mounting structure of buffer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a shock absorber and a mounting structure of the shock absorber.

Conventionally, a shock absorber (shock absorbing member) provided on at least one of a side wall and a retaining wall of a building and formed of one type of rubber is known (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-77229

However, in the buffer of Patent Document 1, if the rubber constituting the buffer has a large plasticity (difficult to restore), energy can be absorbed at the time of inputting the first impact, but the rubber is almost restored thereafter. Therefore, energy cannot be absorbed for the second and subsequent impact inputs. On the other hand, if the rubber constituting the shock absorber has a large elasticity, it cannot sufficiently absorb energy because it generates a pushing force at the time of restoration after inputting an impact. Therefore, in any case, energy could not be effectively absorbed for multiple impact inputs.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a shock absorber and a buffer mounting structure capable of effectively absorbing energy for a plurality of impact inputs.

The buffer of the present invention is
It is a shock absorber equipped with a shock absorber body.
The buffer body is
The elastic material part made of elastic material and
A plastic material portion made of a high damping material or a plastic material having an equivalent viscosity damping constant hex higher than that of the elastic material.
Have,
The elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shock absorber and are integrally configured with each other.
According to the shock absorber of the present invention, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is effective for a plurality of impact inputs.

In the buffer of the present invention,
It is preferable that the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are provided over the entire length of the buffer body portion in the axial direction of the buffer body.
As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In the buffer of the present invention,
It is preferable that the shock absorber is provided on at least one of the side wall and the retaining wall of the building arranged opposite to each other.
As a result, when a building collides with a retaining wall via a shock absorber in the event of an earthquake, the impact can be effectively mitigated.

In the buffer of the present invention,
When the cushion body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the buffer body, it is preferable that the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are alternately arranged along at least one direction.
As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In the buffer of the present invention,
When the cushioning body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the cushioning body, one of the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion is around the other of the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion. It is preferable to cover the.
As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In the buffer of the present invention,
The cushioning body portion may have a hollow portion inside at least one of the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion.
In this case, the rigidity of the cushioning main body can be adjusted as compared with the case where there is no hollow portion.

In the buffer of the present invention,
When the cushion body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the buffer body, the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are arranged so as to be rotationally symmetric around the central axis of the buffer body. Is suitable.
As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In the buffer of the present invention,
It is preferable that the plastic material portion protrudes in the axial direction of the shock absorber from the elastic material portion.
Since the plastic material portion protrudes, energy can be absorbed to some extent at the time of impact input, and then energy absorption and restoring force can be generated.

In the buffer of the present invention,
It is preferable that the elastic material portion protrudes in the axial direction of the shock absorber from the plastic material portion.
Due to the protruding elastic material portion, when the impact is input, the impact can be first mitigated to some extent, and then energy absorption and restoring force can be generated.

The mounting structure of the shock absorber of the present invention is
The above-mentioned shock absorber is attached to at least one of the side wall and the retaining wall of the building arranged opposite to each other.
According to the mounting structure of the shock absorber of the present invention, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns the shock absorber to its original shape, which is effective for a plurality of impact inputs.

According to the present invention, the cushioning body and the mounting of the shock absorber, which can effectively absorb energy, return to the original shape by the restoring force of the elastic body, and are more effective for multiple impact inputs. The structure can be provided.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the appearance that the shock absorber which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is attached to a retaining wall. It is a perspective view which shows the shock absorber of FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber of FIG. 2 by a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 2 parallel to the axial direction of the shock absorber. In the example of FIG. 1, it is a schematic diagram which shows the state when the side wall of a building collides with a retaining wall through a cushioning body. FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view showing a compressed shock absorber in the state of FIG. 4 with a cross section similar to that of FIG. It is an axial sectional view which shows the state at the time of restoration of the shock absorber of FIG. 5 by the same cross section as FIG. 7 (a) to 7 (d) are perspective views showing the shock absorbers according to the first modification to the fourth modification of the present invention, respectively. 8 (a) to 8 (c) are perspective views showing the shock absorbers according to the fifth modification to the seventh modification of the present invention, respectively. It is a perspective view which shows the appearance that the shock absorber which concerns on 8th modification of this invention is attached to a retaining wall. 9 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber of FIG. 9 by a cross section taken along the line BB of FIG. 9 parallel to the axial direction of the shock absorber. FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view showing how the cushioning body of FIG. 9 is compressed when the side wall of the building collides with the retaining wall via the cushioning body, with the same cross section as that of FIG. 11 is an axial cross-sectional view showing a state when the shock absorber of FIG. 11 is restored by a cross section similar to that of FIG. 10. 13 (a) to 13 (b) are perspective views showing the shock absorbers according to the ninth modification to the tenth modification of the present invention, respectively. It is a perspective view which shows the appearance that the shock absorber which concerns on 11th modification of this invention is attached to a retaining wall. 14 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber of FIG. 14 by a cross section along the CC line of FIG. 14 parallel to the axial direction of the shock absorber. FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view showing how the cushioning body of FIG. 14 is compressed when the side wall of the building collides with the retaining wall via the cushioning body, with the same cross section as that of FIG. It is an axial sectional view which shows the state at the time of restoration of the shock absorber of FIG. 16 by the same cross section as FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the appearance that the shock absorber which concerns on the 12th modification of this invention is attached to a retaining wall. FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view showing a state in which a shock absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached so as to connect a side wall of a building and a retaining wall. It is an axial sectional view which shows the appearance that the shock absorber which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is attached in series with a seismic isolation device.

The shock absorber of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, to absorb the energy of impact and shaking that a building can receive when an earthquake occurs. The shock absorber of the present invention is preferably installed on the outside of a building (for example, the outer surface of a side wall of a building or the lower surface of the bottom of a building), the inside of a building, or a structure (such as a retaining wall) arranged opposite to the building. It is more suitable if it is installed outside the building, inside the building, or in a structure facing the building in the seismic isolation building, and is placed on the side wall of the building in the seismic isolation building or facing it. It is even more suitable when installed on a built-in retaining wall.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the shock absorber according to the present invention and the mounting structure of the shock absorber will be illustrated with reference to the drawings.

1 to 6 are drawings for explaining the buffer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the example of FIGS. 1 to 6, the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment is attached to the retaining wall RW arranged to face the side wall BW of the building B in the seismic isolated building SIB. FIG. 1 shows the seismic isolated building SIB of this example in a normal time when an earthquake does not occur, and FIGS. 2 and 3 show an enlarged view of the shock absorber 1 of FIG.
Hereinafter, the seismic isolated building SIB of this example will be described first, and then the role of the shock absorber 1 of this example will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, the seismic isolation building SIB includes a foundation F, one or more (multiple in this example) seismic isolation device SID, a building B, a retaining wall RW, and one or more (this example). The buffer 1 of the present embodiment (s) is provided.
The foundation F is, for example, a substantially horizontal structure for supporting the building B, and is constructed on the site where the building B is built. The foundation F is constructed, for example, by pouring concrete into the reinforcement arrangement.
A seismic isolation device SID is provided on the foundation F, and a building B is arranged on the seismic isolation device SID.
The seismic isolation device SID is configured to allow the building B to move horizontally with respect to the foundation F, thereby parrying the shaking and suppressing the shaking from being transmitted to the building B in the event of an earthquake. It is made to do. The seismic isolated building SIB of this example has a seismic isolated rubber (also referred to as “laminated rubber”) having a laminated body in which rubber sheets and steel plates are alternately laminated as a seismic isolation device SID. The seismic isolation rubber has not only the function of parrying the shaking but also the function of absorbing the energy of the shaking (mainly the horizontal shaking). However, the seismic isolated building SIB may have any kind of seismic isolation device such as a bearing, a damper, etc. that supports the building B in addition to or instead of the seismic isolation rubber as the seismic isolation device SID.
A retaining wall RW is erected on the outer edge of the foundation F. The retaining wall RW is arranged so as to face the side wall BW of the building B at a horizontal interval.
The shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment is attached to the facing surface of the retaining wall RW with the side wall BW of the building B.

In the seismic isolated building SIB of this example configured in this way, when an earthquake of the expected scale occurs, the building B does not collide with the retaining wall RW due to the action of the seismic isolation device SID. While swaying horizontally with respect to the foundation F, the energy of the swaying is gradually absorbed by the action of the seismic isolation device SID, and the swaying subsides.
On the other hand, in Japan, in recent years, the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011, and the Kumamoto earthquake occurred in 2016.The scale of the earthquake is gradually increasing compared to the past, and it is assumed in the future. There is also concern that a large-scale earthquake exceeding the above will occur. When a large-scale earthquake that exceeds such an assumption occurs, as shown in FIG. 4, the building B cannot cope with the energy absorption function of the seismic isolation device SID alone, and the building B excessively with respect to the foundation F. There is concern that it will move horizontally and collide with the retaining wall RW. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of this example is provided in order to cope with the shaking that cannot be dealt with only by the seismic isolation device SID. Since the cushioning body 1 is provided on the surface of the retaining wall RW facing the side wall BW of the building B, the building B will collide with the retaining wall RW via the cushioning body 1 instead of directly. .. When the building B collides with the shock absorber 1, the shock absorber 1 alleviates the impact received by the building B and absorbs energy to attenuate the shaking.

Next, the configuration of the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the buffer body 1 of FIG. FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber 1 of FIG. 2 by a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 2 parallel to the axial direction of the buffer body 1. The cross section of FIG. 3 is a cross section passing through the central axis O of the buffer body 1. In FIGS. 1 to 3, the shock absorber 1 is in an initial state in which the impact from the building B has never been applied.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the buffer 1 of the present embodiment includes a buffer body 10. The shock absorber main body 10 is configured to alleviate and absorb the impact input when the building B hits. In this example, the buffer body 1 is composed of only the buffer body portion 10.
The "axis direction of the buffer 1" (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "axis direction") is a direction parallel to the central axis O of the buffer 1. Further, the "center axis O of the buffer body 1" is the mounting surface of the buffer body 1 (the surface on the mounting side of the outer surface of the buffer body 1. In the example of FIG. 2, the retaining wall RW in the buffer body portion 10 is used. It is a straight line that is perpendicular to the facing surface 12S) and passes through the center of gravity of the outer edge shape of the surface of the cushioning body 1 on the mounting side of the cushioning body 10.
Hereinafter, for convenience, one side in the axial direction is referred to as "the first side O1 in the axial direction", and the other side in the axial direction is referred to as "the second side O2 in the axial direction". In this example, the first side O1 in the axial direction when viewed from the buffer main body 10 is the receiving side (the side that hits the building B), and the second side O2 in the axial direction when viewed from the buffer main body 10 is. , The mounting side (mounting side to the retaining wall RW). In this example, the cushioning body 1 is attached to the retaining wall RW by fixing the surface 12S of the second side O2 in the axial direction of the cushioning main body 10 to the retaining wall RW by adhesion or the like. In the shock absorber 1, the surface 11S of the first side O1 in the axial direction of the shock absorber main body 10 is arranged to face the building B in the axial direction so that the impact from the building B is input in the axial direction. Has been done. In this example, the axial direction of the shock absorber 1 is the horizontal direction.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cushioning body 10 is composed of one or more (two in the example of the figure) elastic material part 110 and one or more (one in the example of the figure). It has a plastic material portion 120. The elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 constituting the buffer body portion 10 are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the buffer body 1. In the present specification, the "axially perpendicular direction of the buffer 1" (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "axially oriented") is a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the buffer 1.
Although FIG. 2 is a perspective view rather than a cross-sectional view, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are each provided with unique hatching in order to make the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 easily visible. Similar hatching is applied to each perspective view other than FIG. 2.
More specifically, in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, the buffer body portion 10 has a first elastic material portion 110a, which is an elastic material portion 110 located on the central axis O of the buffer body 1, and a first elastic material portion 110a. An annular plastic material portion 120 arranged over the entire circumference on the outer peripheral side of the material portion 110a, and a second elastic material portion 110b which is an annular elastic material portion 110 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the plastic material portion 120 over the entire circumference. It is composed of and. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. The outer edge shapes of the first elastic material portion 110a, the plastic material portion 120, and the second elastic material portion 110b when the cushioning main body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction are all square. ..
Here, in the shock absorber 1, the "outer peripheral side" refers to the side far from the central axis O of the shock absorber 1. On the other hand, in the buffer body 1, the “inner peripheral side” refers to the side close to the central axis O of the buffer body 1.

The elastic material portion 110 is made of an elastic material. Examples of the elastic material constituting the elastic material portion 110 include an elastomer-based material, and more specifically, examples thereof include rubber (natural rubber or synthetic rubber), thermoplastic elastomer, and the like.
Natural rubber is suitable as the material constituting the elastic material portion 110.

Generally speaking, the material constituting the plastic material portion 120 has higher energy absorption performance and, by extension, damping performance than the material constituting the elastic material portion 110. More specifically, the plastic material portion 120 is made of a material having an equivalent viscous damping constant hex higher than that of the elastic material constituting the elastic material portion 110 (hereinafter, also referred to as “high damping material”) or a plastic material. Has been done. Here, the "equivalent viscous damping constant hex" specifically refers to the equivalent viscous damping constant hex (0.33 Hz / 100%) in a temperature environment of 20 ° C. The method for measuring the equivalent viscosity attenuation constant hex (0.33 Hz / 100%) will be described later. The equivalent viscosity damping constant hex indicates that the larger the value, the better the damping performance.
Examples of the high-damping material that can form the plastic material portion 120 include an elastomer-based material (for example, a high-damping elastomer-based material), and more specifically, for example, synthesis of rubber (particularly, high-damping rubber and the like). Rubber), thermoplastic elastomers and the like. The "plastic material" that can form the plastic material portion 120 refers to a material that can be plastically deformed in response to an input of a load. Examples of the plastic material that can form the plastic material portion 120 include a metal (iron and the like), a resin (natural resin or synthetic resin) and the like.
As the material constituting the plastic material portion 120, an elastomer-based material is suitable, a high-damping elastomer-based material is more preferable, and a high-damping rubber is further preferable.

However, as described above, the material constituting the plastic material portion 120 may be a material having an equivalent viscous damping constant hex higher than that of the elastic material constituting the elastic material portion 110 (high damping material) or a plastic material. For example, the elastic material portion 110 may be made of a highly damped elastomer-based material, and the plastic material portion 120 may be made of a plastic material (metal or the like).
Further, the material constituting the plastic material portion 120 may have the same elastic modulus as the material constituting the elastic material portion 110.

The material constituting the elastic material portion 110 preferably has an equivalent viscosity damping constant hex of 0.02 to 0.06, and more preferably 0.02 to 0.04.
The high damping material constituting the plastic material portion 120 preferably has an equivalent viscosity damping constant hex of 0.05 to 0.4, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.3.
The high damping material constituting the plastic material portion 120 is preferably having an equivalent viscous damping constant hex of 0.07 or more, and more preferably 0.1 or more, than the material constituting the elastic material portion 110.

The elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 constituting the cushioning main body portion 10 are integrally configured with each other.
More specifically, in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, the side surface of each elastic material portion 110 and the side surface of the plastic material portion 120 constituting the buffer body portion 10 are fixed to each other at a portion in contact with each other. Here, the "side surface of the elastic material portion 110" and the "side surface of the plastic material portion 120" refer to the surface of the elastic material portion 110 and the surface of the plastic material portion 120, respectively, excluding the end faces on both sides in the axial direction. Point to.
As a method for integrally forming the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120, for example, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are bonded to each other (adhesive bonding, vulcanization bonding, etc.), fused to each other, or the like. A method of sticking can be mentioned.
In particular, it is preferable that both the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are made of rubber, and both are fixed by vulcanization adhesion or adhesion by an adhesive (including vulcanization adhesion). ..

Next, the operation of the cushioning body 1 when the side wall BW of the building B collides with the retaining wall RW via the cushioning body 1 will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. FIG. 4 is an axial sectional view showing a state when the side wall BW of the building B collides with the retaining wall RW via the cushioning body 1 in the example of FIG. FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber 1 compressed in the state of FIG. 4 in the same cross section as in FIG. FIG. 6 is an axial sectional view showing a state when the shock absorber of FIG. 5 is restored by the same cross section as that of FIG. In FIGS. 5 and 6, the shape of the shock absorber 1 (FIG. 3) in the initial state is shown by a broken line. Note that FIGS. 5 and 6 merely schematically show the behavior of the buffer main body 10, and the actual behavior of the buffer main body 10 may differ from that shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
In the seismic isolated building SIB of this example, when a large-scale earthquake exceeding the assumption occurs and the building B collides with the retaining wall RW through the buffer body 1 (FIG. 4), the buffer body 10 of the shock absorber 1 becomes , Compressed in the axial direction (Fig. 5). At this time, the elastic material portion 110 is compressed while generating a reaction force, so that the building B is softly received and the impact received by the building B is alleviated. Further, at this time, the plastic material portion 120 absorbs the energy of the impact while being compressed due to its high damping performance. As a result, the shaking of the building B is attenuated.
After that, when the building B moves away from the shock absorber 1, the elastic material portion 110 is gradually restored in the axial direction due to its own elasticity. Along with this, the plastic material portion 120 integrally formed with the elastic material portion 110 is gradually stretched in the axial direction by the elastic material portion 110 to restore the original shape (FIG. 6). In this way, the entire buffer body 10 is gradually restored in the axial direction, and completely or almost completely returns to its original shape.
Then, when the side wall BW of the building B collides with the retaining wall RW through the shock absorber 1 again, the shock absorber 1 has already completely or almost completely returned to its original shape, so that it is the same as at the time of the first collision. Similarly, while being compressed in the axial direction, the impact received by the building B is alleviated, the impact energy is absorbed by the damping action of the plastic material portion 120, and then the restoring action of the elastic material portion 110 causes the buffer body portion 10 to absorb the impact energy. The whole is completely or almost completely returned to its original shape.
In this way, the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment can alleviate the impact received by the building B and effectively absorb the energy for each of the plurality of impact inputs, and thus the building. The shaking of B can be attenuated at an early stage.

If the cushioning body 10 of the shock absorber 1 does not have the elastic material portion 110 and is composed of only the plastic material portion 120, the buffer body 1 has a buffering body portion at the time of the first impact input. When the 10 is compressed, a large amount of energy can be absorbed by the damping action of the plastic material portion 120. However, after that, since the plastic material portion 120 is hardly or not restored at all, the buffer body portion 10 is in a state where it can hardly be compressed any more at the time of inputting the second and subsequent impacts, and effective energy absorption cannot be performed. In terms of the load-displacement curve, the area of the area surrounded by the curve (representing the amount of energy absorbed) is large during the first compression, but becomes significantly smaller as the number of times increases after the second compression. In the event of an earthquake, the building B may collide with the retaining wall RW multiple times. In this case, the shock absorber 1 can absorb useful energy only once, so that energy is used for the second and subsequent collisions. Can not be absorbed, and the shaking of the building B can hardly be damped.
On the other hand, if the buffer body portion 10 of the buffer body 1 does not have the plastic material portion 120 and is composed of only the elastic material portion 110, the buffer body 1 once receives an impact every time an impact is input. Although it can be restored immediately after being compressed, it can hardly absorb energy because it pushes back the building B with a force almost equal to the input force at the time of restoration. Speaking of the load-displacement curve, the curves at each compression time almost overlap each other, and the area (representing the amount of energy absorption) of the region surrounded by the curves at each compression time becomes small. That is, in this case, the shock absorber 1 only pushes back the building B each time an impact is input, and can hardly attenuate the shaking of the building B.
As described above, if the buffer body portion 10 of the buffer body 1 is composed of only one of the plastic material portion 120 and the elastic material portion 110, energy is effectively absorbed for each of a plurality of impact inputs. Can not do it.
On the other hand, the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment has a drawback that it is difficult to restore the plastic material portion 120 by having both the plastic material portion 120 having high energy absorption performance and the elastic material portion 110 having high restoration performance, and the elasticity. At the same time, it is possible to eliminate the drawback that it is difficult to absorb the energy of the material portion 110. That is, the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment effectively absorbs energy by the plastic material portion 120 during compression at the time of inputting the first impact, and then plasticity is utilized by utilizing the restoration performance of the elastic material portion 110. The material portion 120 is returned to its original shape so that the energy absorption performance of the plastic material portion 120 can be exhibited even when the impact is input from the second time onward. As a result, the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment may be inferior in energy absorption capacity at the time of the first impact input as compared with the case where the buffer body portion 10 is composed of only the plastic material portion 120, but the second and subsequent times. Since it can exert almost the same energy absorption capacity as the first time, it can stably exert the energy absorption capacity for multiple impact inputs, and when viewing multiple times in total, it will generate more energy. It can be absorbed.

Further, since the cushioning body portion 10 of the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment has the elastic material portion 110, the building B is struck when the building B is hit, as compared with the case where the cushioning body portion 10 is composed of only the plastic material portion 120. It can be received softer and more firmly, and can demonstrate higher impact mitigation performance.

Further, since the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment can be easily installed in the existing building B or a structure (retaining wall or the like) arranged opposite to the existing building B, the existing building B can be easily installed on a larger scale. It is possible to respond to the earthquake of.
For example, in a seismic isolated building SIB, if it is attempted to cope with a larger-scale earthquake using only the seismic isolation device SID without using the shock absorber 1, the seismic isolation device SID becomes larger (for example, the seismic isolation device). If the SID is seismic isolation rubber, it is considered necessary to increase the rubber thickness and the flat area). However, if the shock absorber 1 of the present embodiment is retrofitted to the existing seismic isolated building SIB, it becomes possible to cope with a larger-scale earthquake without requiring an increase in the size of the seismic isolation device SID.

The optimum balance between the reaction force generated in the buffer body 10 at the time of impact input and the amount of deformation, the time required for the buffer body 10 to restore after impact input, etc. may differ from building to building. At the time of manufacturing the buffer body portion 10, it is possible to appropriately adjust the volume ratio, arrangement pattern, material, physical properties, etc. of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 constituting the buffer body portion 10. ..

In order to restore the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction by utilizing the restoration performance of the elastic material portion 110, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are adjacent to each other in the axial direction. It is necessary that they are arranged integrally with each other, at least in the portions facing each other in the direction perpendicular to the axis.
Temporarily, the elastic material portion 110 is not arranged adjacent to the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction, and the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are arranged adjacent to each other only in the axial direction. If so, when the elastic material portion 110 is restored in the axial direction, the plastic material portion 120 cannot be stretched in the axial direction due to its restoration performance. Further, even if the elastic material portion 110 is arranged adjacent to the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are merely in contact with each other and are integrally configured with each other. If this is not the case, when the elastic material portion 110 is restored in the axial direction, the plastic material portion 120 cannot be stretched in the axial direction due to its restoration performance.
In addition, as in the example of FIG. 2, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the buffer body portion 10, and are integrally configured with each other. It is preferable that it is done.

In this example, the shock absorber 1 is provided on the retaining wall RW, but the shock absorber 1 is not limited to this example, and the shock absorber 1 is a side wall BW of the building B (more specifically, a side wall BW of the building B). It may be attached to a portion of the outer surface facing the retaining wall RW). Alternatively, separate buffers 1 may be provided on both the side wall BW and the retaining wall RW of the building B. Even in these cases, when a large earthquake occurs, the building B will collide with the retaining wall RW via the buffer body 1 instead of directly, so that the buffer body 1 will collide with the retaining wall RW multiple times as in this example. For each of the impact inputs, the impact received by the building B can be mitigated and energy can be effectively absorbed.

As described above, when the shock absorber 1 is provided on at least one of the side wall BW and the retaining wall RW of the building B arranged to face each other in the seismic isolated building SIB, the thickness of the shock absorber 1 in the initial state in the axial direction. T (FIG. 3) is preferably 100 to 500 mm. Generally, in the seismic isolated building SIB, the length C (FIG. 3) of the gap (clearance) between the building B and the retaining wall RW is about 500, assuming the shaking of the building B at the time of an earthquake. Where the thickness T in the axial direction of the shock absorber 1 is often set to about 1000 mm, the shock absorber 1 can be installed in the gap and the function of the seismic isolation device SID is set. There is no risk of damaging it.
From the same viewpoint, the axial thickness T of the buffer 1 in the initial state is the length of the gap (clearance) between the building B and the retaining wall RW when measured along the axial direction of the buffer 1. When it is 10 to 60% of C, it is preferable, and when it is 20 to 50%, it is more preferable.

The arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 in the cushioning main body portion 10 is not limited to that of FIG. 2, and various ones are possible.
For example, in the example of FIG. 2, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed. That is, although not shown, the buffer body portion 10 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the first plastic material portion 120 located on the central axis O of the buffer body 1 and the outer peripheral side of the first plastic material portion 120 over the entire circumference. It may be composed of an annular elastic material portion 110 and an annular second plastic material portion 120 arranged over the entire circumference on the outer peripheral side of the elastic material portion 110.

Further, the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 in the buffer body portion 10 is the first modification to the fourth modification shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d), FIG. 8 (a). -The fifth modification to the seventh modification shown in FIG. 8 (c) may be used. Hereinafter, these will be described in order.

In the first modification of FIG. 7A, the buffer body portion 10 has a plastic material portion 120 located on the central axis O of the buffer body 1 and an annular shape arranged on the outer peripheral side of the plastic material portion 120 over the entire circumference. It is composed of the elastic material portion 110 of the above. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. The outer edge shapes of the plastic material portion 120 and the elastic material portion 110 when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction are circular.
Further, in the example of FIG. 7A, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

In the second modification of FIG. 7B, the cushioning body portion 10 has an elastic material portion 110 located on the central axis O of the cushioning body 1 and an annular shape arranged on the outer peripheral side of the elastic material portion 110 over the entire circumference. It is composed of the plastic material portion 120 of the above. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. The outer edge shapes of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 when the cushioning main body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction are both square.
Further, in the example of FIG. 7B, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

In the third modification of FIG. 7 (c) and the fourth modification of FIG. 7 (d), the buffer body 10 is viewed from each other when the buffer body 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction. A plurality of elastic material portions 110 arranged apart from each other, and one plastic material portion 120 that covers the periphery of the plurality of elastic material portions 110 when the cushioning main body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction. , Consists of. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. When the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the outer edge shape of each elastic material portion 110 is circular, and the outer edge shape of the plastic material portion 120 is square.
In the example of FIG. 7C, the cushioning body portion 10 has four elastic material portions 110, and these four elastic material portions 110 view the cushioning body portion 10 from either side in the axial direction. At that time, the distances from the central axis O of the shock absorber 1 are the same as each other, and on the diagonal line connecting the central axis O of the shock absorber 1 and the square apex formed by the outer edge shape of the plastic material portion 120, respectively. Is located in.
In the example of FIG. 7D, the cushioning body portion 10 has five elastic material portions 110, and these five elastic material portions 110 are one first located on the central axis O of the cushioning body 1. It is composed of the elastic material portion 110a of 1 and four second elastic material portions 110b located on the outer peripheral side of the first elastic material portion 110a. The distances of the four second elastic material portions 110b from the central axis O of the buffer body 1 are the same as each other when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction. Each is located on a diagonal line connecting the central axis O of the shock absorber 1 and the square apex formed by the outer edge shape of the plastic material portion 120.
Further, in each of the examples of FIGS. 7 (c) and 7 (d), the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

The fifth modification of FIG. 8A and the sixth modification of FIG. 8B generally have an elastic material portion 110 (all or part) and a plastic material portion 120 (all or part), respectively. Are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern in each of the two axially perpendicular directions P1 and P2 (hereinafter, referred to as "first axis directing direction P1" and "second axis directing direction P2", respectively). There is.
In the fifth modification of FIG. 8A, the cushioning body portion 10 has a first elastic material portion 110a, which is an elastic material portion 110 located on the central axis O of the cushioning body 1, and a first elastic material portion. An annular plastic material portion 120 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the 110a over the entire circumference, and a second elastic material portion 110b which is four elastic material portions 110 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the first elastic material portion 110a. , Consists of. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. When the cushioning body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the outer edge shapes of the first elastic material portion 110a and the second elastic material portion 110b are both square and the plastic material portion 120. The outer edge shape of is a cross shape. When the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the four second elastic material portions 110b are each of the four cross-shaped protrusions 120p partitioned by the outer edge of the plastic material portion 120. It is placed in between. When the cushioning main body 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the outer edge of the cushioning main body 10 is partitioned by the plastic material portion 120 and the four second elastic material portions 110b, and the cushioning main body portion 10 is divided. The outer edge shape of is square. The outer edge shape of the four protrusions 120p of the plastic material portion 120 when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction is substantially square. When the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the five elastic material portions 110 (specifically, the first elastic material portion 110a and the four second elastic material portions 110b) and plasticity. The four protruding portions 120p of the material portion 120 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern in each of the two axially perpendicular directions P1 and P2 orthogonal to each other, and the four protruding portions 120p of the plastic material portion 120 are connected to each other. , On the inner peripheral side (the central axis O side of the buffer body 1), they are integrally connected to each other.
Further, in the example of FIG. 8A, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.
Alternatively, in the example of FIG. 8A, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the four protrusions 120p of the plastic material portion 120 are not connected to each other on the inner peripheral side. In addition, they may be separated from each other by the second elastic material portion 110b to form separate plastic material portions 120. In that case, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the five elastic material portions 110 (specifically, the first elastic material portion 110a and the four second elastic material portions 110b). And the four plastic material portions 120 adjacent to the outer peripheral side of the first elastic material portion 110a alternately in a checkered pattern in the first axis normal direction P1 and the second axis normal direction P2 orthogonal to each other. It will be placed. Further, in this case as well, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

In the sixth modification of FIG. 8B, the cushioning body portion 10 has a first elastic material portion 110a, which is an elastic material portion 110 located on the central axis O of the buffer body 1, and a first elastic material portion. An annular plastic material portion 120 arranged over the entire circumference on the outer peripheral side of 110a, and a second elastic material portion 110b which is an annular elastic material portion 110 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the plastic material portion 120 over the entire circumference. It is composed of. The thickness of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is uniform throughout the cushioning body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction and the elastic material portion 110 in the cross section in the axial direction are uniform. The arrangement pattern of the plastic material portion 120 and the plastic material portion 120 is uniform over the entire length of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. When the cushioning body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the outer edge shapes of the first elastic material portion 110a and the second elastic material portion 110b are both square and the plastic material portion 120. The outer edge shape of is a cross shape. The four cross-shaped protrusions 120p partitioned by the outer edge of the plastic material portion 120 have a substantially square outer edge shape when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction. When the cushioning body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the second elastic material portion 110b is located at the four square corners formed by its outer edge, and is partitioned by the outer edge of the plastic material portion 120. It has four corner portions 110bc arranged between the four protrusion portions 120p of the cross shape to be formed. The four corner portions 110bc of the second elastic material portion 110b have a substantially square outer edge shape when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction.
When the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction, the four corner portions 110bc of the first elastic material portion 110a and the second elastic material portion 110b and the four protrusion portions 120p of the plastic material portion 120p. Is arranged alternately in a checkered pattern in the first axis normal direction P1 and the second axis normal direction P2, which are orthogonal to each other, and the four protrusions 120p of the plastic material portion 120 are on the inner peripheral side. In the above, the four corner portions 110bc of the second elastic material portion 110b are integrally connected to each other on the outer peripheral side.
Further, in the example of FIG. 8B, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

In the seventh modification of FIG. 8C, the cushioning body portion 10 includes one elastic material portion 110 and a plurality of (four in the example of the figure) plastic material portions 120. A plurality of elastic material portions 110 are erected from the plate-shaped portion 110p and the plate-shaped portion 110p to the first side O1 in the axial direction, respectively, which constitute the entire portion of the second side O2 in the axial direction in the buffer body portion 10. It consists of (four in the example of the figure) standing portions 110s. Each of these plurality of standing portions 110s extends in the normal direction P1 of the second axis, and is arranged at a distance from each other along the vertical direction of the first axis perpendicular to the vertical direction P2 of the second axis. .. Each of the plurality of plastic material portions 120 extends in the perpendicular direction P2 of the second axis, and is arranged between the plurality of standing portions 110s. Although the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 in the cross section of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction is not uniform along the axial direction, the thickness of the cushioning main body portion 10 in the axial direction is the cushioning main body portion. It is uniform throughout the buffer body 10, and the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the buffer body 10 in the axial direction are uniform over the entire length of the buffer body 10 in the axial direction. The outer edge shape of the plate-shaped portion 110p of the elastic material portion 110 when the cushioning body portion 10 is viewed from the second side O2 in the axial direction is a square shape, and the cushioning main body portion 10 is viewed from the first side O1 in the axial direction. At that time, the outer edge shapes of the standing portions 110s of the elastic material portions 110 and the plastic material portions 120 are both square.
Further, in the example of FIG. 8C, the axial direction first side O1 and the axial direction second side O2 may be opposite to each other. That is, although not shown, in the example of FIG. 8C, the plate-shaped portion 110p of the elastic material portion 110 has an axial direction with respect to each upright portion 110s of the elastic material portion 110 and each plastic material portion 120. It may be arranged on one side O1.
Further, in the example of FIG. 8C, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be reversed.

In each of the above-mentioned modifications, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are integrally configured (fixed) to each other at a portion in contact with each other.

In each of the above-mentioned examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (a) to 7 (d), FIGS. 8 (a), and 8 (b), the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 constituting the buffer body 1 Are provided over the entire length of the buffer body 10 in the axial direction of the shock absorber 1, respectively.
As a result, when considering that the total length of the cushioning body 10 in the axial direction is constant, at least one of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 is provided only in a part of the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction. (For example, the example of FIG. 8C), the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are adjacent to each other in the axial direction over a longer region in the axial direction, and the elastic material portion 110 is formed. The plastic material portion 120 can be restored by the restoration performance. As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In each of the above-mentioned examples, when the buffer body portion is viewed from at least one side in the axial direction of the shock absorber, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are located around the central axis O of the buffer body 1. It is arranged so as to be rotationally symmetric.
More specifically, in each of the examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (b) to 7 (d), FIG. 8 (a), and FIG. 8 (b), the buffer body 10 is any of the axial directions of the buffer 1. Even when viewed from the side, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are arranged so as to be symmetrical four times around the central axis O of the buffer body 1. In the example of FIG. 7A, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction of the buffer body 1, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are on the central axis O of the buffer body 1. They are arranged so as to be symmetric n times around (n is an arbitrary integer of 2 or more). In the example of FIG. 8C, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from the first side O1 in the axial direction of the buffer body 1, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are connected to the central axis O of the buffer body 1. It is arranged so as to be symmetrical twice around.
By making the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 rotationally symmetric in this way, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are more evenly distributed in the entire buffer body portion 10. Can be dispersed. As a result, the behavior of the buffer body 10 at the time of impact input can be made more uniform over the entire buffer body 10. If the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 is not rotationally symmetric, the arrangement of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 may be biased in the plane in the direction perpendicular to the axis. When a part of the elastic material portion 110 is too far from the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction to exert a restoring action on the plastic material portion 120, or conversely, a part of the plastic material portion 120 is separated from the elastic material portion 110. Since it may be too far away in the axial direction to receive the restoring action from the elastic material portion 110, there is a possibility that a useless portion is generated in the cushioning main body portion 10. As in each of the above examples, the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 is rotationally symmetric, whereby the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are more evenly dispersed, whereby the cushioning main body portion is formed. It becomes possible to more uniformly and surely exert the restoring action of the elastic material portion 110 on the plastic material portion 120 over the entire area in the axial direction of 10. As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In the example of FIG. 8 (c) described above, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from at least one side in the axial direction of the buffer body 1, the elastic material portion 110 (all or part) and the plastic material portion 120 are viewed. (All or part) are arranged alternately along at least one axial direction.
More specifically, in the example of FIG. 8C, when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from the first side O1 in the axial direction of the buffer body 1, the elastic material portion 110 (specifically, the elastic material portion 110) is viewed. The standing portion 110s) and the plastic material portion 120 are alternately arranged along the first axis perpendicular direction P1.
In this way, by arranging the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 alternately along at least one axial direction, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are arranged in the buffer body portion 10. It can be distributed more evenly in the whole. As a result, the behavior of the buffer body 10 at the time of impact input can be made more uniform over the entire buffer body 10. As a result, the restoring action of the elastic material portion 110 can be more uniformly and reliably exerted on the plastic material portion 120 over the entire axis of the buffer body portion 10 in the axial direction. As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the restoring force of the elastic body returns to the original shape, which is more effective for multiple impact inputs.

In each of the above-mentioned examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (a) to 7 (d), FIGS. 8 (a), and 8 (b), the buffer body 10 is at least one of the axial directions of the buffer 1. When viewed from the side, either one of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 covers the entire periphery of the other of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120.
More specifically, in each of FIGS. 2, 7 (b) to 7 (d), 8 (a), and 8 (b), the buffer body 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction. Even when the plastic material portion 120 is the elastic material portion 110 (in each example of FIGS. 2, 8 (a) and 8 (b), the first elastic material portion 110a. FIGS. 7 (c) and 7 (d). In the example of), it covers the entire periphery of the plurality of elastic material portions 110.). In each of the examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (a) and 8 (b), the elastic material portion 110 (in the example of FIG. 2, the second Elastic material portion 110b. In the example of FIG. 8B, the second elastic material portion 110b) covers the entire circumference of the plastic material portion 120.
As a result, the contact area between the side surfaces of the elastic material portion 110 and the side surfaces of the plastic material portion 120 can be increased, and by extension, the restoring action of the elastic material portion 110 can be more effectively exerted on the plastic material portion 120. Become. As a result, energy can be absorbed more effectively with respect to the input of a plurality of impacts.
In particular, as in the examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (a) and 8 (b), the elastic material is viewed from at least one side of the buffer body 1 in the axial direction. When the portion 110 completely covers the circumference of the plastic material portion 120, the restoring action of the elastic material portion 110 can be more effectively exerted on the plastic material portion 120 at the time of restoration than in the opposite case. ,preferable.

In each of the above-mentioned examples, the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 are geometrically arranged when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from at least one side in the axial direction of the buffer body 1. .. As a result, energy can be effectively absorbed, and the elastic body returns to its original shape due to the restoring force, which is more effective for input of a plurality of impacts and facilitates the manufacture of the shock absorber 1.
In particular, the above-mentioned examples of FIGS. 2, 7 (a), and 7 (b) are referred to the examples of FIGS. 7 (c), 7 (d), and 8 (a) to 8 (c). In comparison, since the arrangement pattern of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 is simple, it becomes easy to manufacture.

In each of the above-mentioned examples, the outer edge shape of the buffer body 10 when viewed from either side in the axial direction is quadrangular or circular. As a result, for example, when the shock absorber main body 10 is molded by a mold, the inner surface shape of the mold for molding the shock absorber main body 10 can be made into a simple shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, as a result, the directionality of the buffer body portion 10 can be reduced in the axial direction, so that the performance of the buffer 1 can be exhibited without bias in the axial direction.
Further, in each of the above-mentioned examples, the outer edge shape of at least one of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120 when the buffer body portion 10 is viewed from either side in the axial direction is quadrangular or It is circular. In this case, for example, when the elastic material portion 110 or the plastic material portion 120 is molded by a mold, the inner surface shape of the mold for molding the elastic material portion 110 or the plastic material portion 120 is as simple as a rectangular body or a cylinder. Since it can be shaped, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

The buffer body portion 10 of the buffer body 1 may have a hollow portion 130 inside at least one of the elastic material portion 110 and the plastic material portion 120.
As an example of the shock absorber 1 having such a configuration, the eighth modification shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 will be described. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing how the shock absorber 1 according to the eighth modification is attached to the retaining wall RW in the seismic isolated building SIB, as in the example of FIG. FIG. 10 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber 1 of FIG. 9 by a cross section taken along the line BB of FIG. 9 parallel to the axial direction of the buffer body 1. The cross section of FIG. 10 is a cross section that passes through the central axis O of the buffer body 1. In FIGS. 9 to 10, the shock absorber 1 is in an initial state in which the impact from the building B has never been applied. FIG. 11 is an axial sectional view showing how the cushioning body 1 of FIG. 9 is compressed when the side wall of the building B collides with the retaining wall via the cushioning body, with the same cross section as that of FIG. .. FIG. 12 is an axial sectional view showing a state when the shock absorber 1 of FIG. 11 is restored by the same cross section as that of FIG.
The cushioning body portion 10 according to the examples of FIGS. 9 to 12 is the elastic material portion 110 (specifically, the first elastic material portion 110) located on the central axis O in the cushioning body portion 10 of the example of FIG. 2 described above. It corresponds to the one in which the hollow portion 130 is formed inside the portion 110a). In this example, the hollow portion 130 is located on the central axis O of the shock absorber 1 and penetrates the elastic material portion 110 (first elastic material portion 110a) in the axial direction.
In the shock absorber 1 configured in this way, as shown in FIG. 11, the buffer body portion 10 is compressed in the axial direction in response to the input of impact, as compared with the case where the hollow portion 130 is not provided (FIG. 2). At that time, the portions of the buffer body 10 in the vicinity of the hollow portion 130 (in this example, the first elastic material portion 110a and the plastic material portion 120) tend to bulge toward the inside of the hollow portion 130. , The rigidity is reduced, and the reaction force (pushing back force) in the axial direction generated at that time is reduced. The optimum balance between the reaction force generated in the shock absorber body 10 at the time of impact input and the amount of deformation may differ depending on the building, but the presence or absence of the hollow portion 130 and the configuration (size, position, number, etc.) of the hollow portion 130). It is possible to adjust the rigidity of the cushioning main body 10, and thus various performances such as impact mitigation performance and energy absorption performance, without changing other configurations of the cushioning main body 10. For example, when the strength of the building B and / or the retaining wall RW is not so high, the rigidity of the cushioning body 10 is set low by forming the hollow portion 130 in the cushioning body 10, whereby the building B is formed. When colliding with the retaining wall RW through the cushioning body 1, the cushioning body 1 can prevent an excessive reaction force from being applied to the building B or the retaining wall RW. Alternatively, for example, when the strength of the building B and / or the retaining wall RW is high, the rigidity of the cushioning body 10 is set high by not forming the hollow portion 130 in the cushioning body 10, whereby the cushioning body 10 is set high. The energy absorption performance of 1 can be enhanced.
The hollow portion 130 may be formed inside an arbitrary elastic material portion 110 and / or a plastic material portion 120 in the buffer body portion 10. For example, in the example of FIG. 9, the hollow portion 130 may be formed inside the plastic material portion 120 and / or the second elastic material portion 110b in place of or in addition to the first elastic material portion 110a. good.
As in the example of FIG. 9, it is preferable that the hollow portion 130 penetrates the cushioning body portion 10 in the axial direction from the viewpoint of reducing the rigidity of the cushioning body portion 10, but the hollow portion 130 is not limited to this. It may be closed without penetrating on at least one of the first side O1 and the second side O2 in the axial direction of 10.

The hollow portion 130 can be applied to the buffer main body portion 10 having an arbitrary configuration, including each example described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 8. 13 (a) to 13 (b) illustrate further examples of the buffer 1 having the hollow portion 130, respectively.
The ninth modification shown in FIG. 13 (a) corresponds to a hollow portion 130 formed inside each elastic material portion 110 in the buffer body portion 10 of the above-mentioned example of FIG. 7 (d). Each of the hollow portions 130 penetrates the elastic material portion 110 in the axial direction.
The tenth modification shown in FIG. 13 (b) corresponds to a hollow portion 130 formed inside each elastic material portion 110 in the buffer body portion 10 of the above-mentioned example of FIG. 8 (a). Each of the hollow portions 130 penetrates the elastic material portion 110 in the axial direction.

The shock absorber 1 may include a plate member 20 provided on the surfaces 11S and 12S on at least one of the axial directions of the shock absorber main body 10. In this case, the plate member 20 and the buffer main body 10 may be fixed to each other by adhesion (adhesion with an adhesive, vulcanization adhesion, etc.) at a portion in contact with each other. The plate member 20 may be made of any material, but for example, a resin (for example, a hard resin such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE)) or a metal (for example, iron) is suitable.
As an example of the shock absorber 1 having such a configuration, the eleventh modification shown in FIGS. 14 to 17 will be described. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing how the shock absorber 1 according to the eleventh modification is attached to the retaining wall RW in the seismic isolated building SIB, as in the example of FIG. FIG. 15 is an axial sectional view showing the shock absorber 1 of FIG. 14 by a cross section along the CC line of FIG. 14 parallel to the axial direction of the buffer body 1. The cross section of FIG. 15 is a cross section that passes through the central axis O of the buffer body 1. In FIGS. 14 to 15, the shock absorber 1 is in an initial state in which the impact from the building B has never been applied. FIG. 16 shows an axial cross section showing how the cushioning body 1 of FIG. 14 is compressed when the side wall BW of the building B collides with the retaining wall RW through the cushioning body 1 by the same cross section as that of FIG. It is a figure. FIG. 17 is an axial sectional view showing a state when the shock absorber 1 of FIG. 16 is restored by the same cross section as that of FIG.
In the shock absorber 1 according to the examples of FIGS. 14 to 17, the plate members 20 are fixed to the surfaces 11S and 12S on both sides in the axial direction of the buffer body portion 10 of the above-mentioned example of FIG. 2, respectively, by adhesion or the like. Corresponds to. However, the plate member 20 may be provided in the cushioning body portion 10 of any of the above-mentioned examples.
When the plate member 20 is fixed to the surface 11S of the first side O1 (impact side) in the axial direction of the cushioning body 10, the cushioning body 10 is compressed in the axial direction in response to an impact input (FIG. 16). After that, at the time of restoration (FIG. 17), the behavior of the plastic material portion 120 is made uniform in the axial direction by the plate member 20. As a result, for example, at the time of restoration, only the portion of the plastic material portion 120 that is far from the elastic material portion 110 in the axial direction remains in a compressed state without being subjected to the restoration action from the elastic material portion 110. Can be prevented. Therefore, the plastic material portion 120 can be restored more stably, and by extension, energy can be absorbed more effectively with respect to the input of a plurality of impacts.
Further, when the plate member 20 is fixed to the surface 11S of the first side O1 (contact side) in the axial direction of the cushioning main body 10, it is compared with the case where nothing is provided on the surface 11S (in the case of FIG. 2). When the shock absorber body 10 is compressed in the axial direction in response to the input of an impact, the surface 11S on the first side O1 (contact side) in the axial direction of the shock absorber body 10 and the portion in the vicinity thereof become a plate member. As a result of being constrained by 20, it cannot expand radially, which causes the buffer body 10 to generate a larger axial reaction force. In this case, for example, if the shock absorber main body 10 is miniaturized, the installation space of the shock absorber 1 can be reduced and the same reaction force can be obtained. On the contrary, as in the example of FIG. 2, when nothing is provided on the surface 11S of the first side O1 (contact side) in the axial direction of the buffer body 10, the reaction force generated by the buffer body 10 is generated. Can be set small.
On the other hand, when the plate member 20 is fixed to the surface 12S of the second side O2 (mounting side) in the axial direction of the cushioning body 10, the cushioning body 10 is easily and stably via the plate member 20. , Can be attached to a retaining wall RW or the like. In this case, for example, the plate member 20 may be provided with a mounting hole 20h for a fastener (not shown).

In the shock absorber 1, instead of providing the plate member 20 on the surface 12S of the axial second side O2 (mounting side) of the shock absorber main body 10 as in the examples of FIGS. 14 to 17, for example, the twelfth deformation shown in FIG. As an example, a flange portion 140 for mounting may be provided on the side surface of the cushioning body portion 10.
In the example of FIG. 18, the flange portion 140 is integrally configured with the cushioning body portion 10 and has a mounting hole 10h for a fastener (not shown). As a result, the cushioning body portion 10 can be easily and stably attached to the retaining wall RW or the like via the flange portion 140.
As shown in FIG. 18, it is preferable that the surface of the flange portion 140 on the second side in the axial direction O2 is flush with the surface 12S on the second side in the axial direction of the buffer body portion 10.
In the example of FIG. 18, the flange portion 140 is adhered or integrated with the elastic material portion 110 (specifically, the second elastic material portion 110b) on the outermost peripheral side in the cushioning main body portion 10 of the above-mentioned example of FIG. It is integrally formed by molding or the like, and is made of the same material as the elastic material portion 110. However, the flange portion 140 may be made of any material as long as it is integrally formed with the cushioning main body portion 10, and may be made of the same material as the plastic material portion 120, for example.
Further, the flange portion 140 may be provided in the cushioning main body portion 10 of any of the above-mentioned examples.

Although not shown, in each of the above-described examples, the plastic material portion 120 is in the axial direction of the buffer body 1 rather than the elastic material portion 110 in a state where no external force is applied to the buffer body 1 (natural state of the buffer body 1). It may protrude to the first side O1 (reception side). In this case, the total length of the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction is longer than the total length of the elastic material portion 110 in the axial direction. This configuration is particularly suitable when the plate member 20 is not provided on the surface 11S of the first side O1 (contact side) in the axial direction of the shock absorber main body 10. Since the plastic material portion 120 protrudes, energy can be absorbed to some extent by first inputting the impact to the protruding plastic material portion 120 at the time of inputting the impact, and then the impact is applied to the elastic material portion 110. By adding, energy absorption and restoring force can be generated.
Alternatively, in each of the above-mentioned examples, in a state where no external force is applied to the buffer body 1 (natural state of the buffer body 1), the elastic material portion 110 is the first side O1 in the axial direction of the buffer body 1 rather than the plastic material portion 120. It may protrude to (the receiving side). In this case, the total length of the elastic material portion 110 in the axial direction is longer than the total length of the plastic material portion 120 in the axial direction. This configuration is particularly suitable when the plate member 20 is not provided on the surface 11S of the first side O1 (contact side) in the axial direction of the shock absorber main body 10. Since the elastic material portion 110 protrudes, when the impact is input, the impact can be mitigated to some extent by first inputting the impact to the protruding elastic material portion 110, and then the impact is applied to the plastic material portion 120. By adding, energy absorption and restoring force can be generated.

In the above, the case where the shock absorber 1 is provided in the seismic isolated building SIB has been described, but the shock absorber 1 is a structure arranged opposite to the normal building B in which the seismic isolation device SID is not provided. It may be attached to at least one of the retaining wall and the like).

As shown in FIG. 19, for example, the shock absorber 1 in each of the above-mentioned examples may be attached so as to connect the side wall BW of the building B and the retaining wall RW in the seismic isolated building SIB. In this case, in the shock absorber 1, at least one surface in the axial direction is fixed to the side wall BW or the retaining wall RW of the building B. According to this configuration, when an earthquake occurs, the seismic isolation device SID and the shock absorber 1 always function at the same time regardless of the magnitude of the earthquake.
Further, the shock absorber 1 may be attached so as to connect a normal building B not provided with a seismic isolation device SID and a structure (retaining wall or the like) arranged opposite to the normal building B.

As shown in FIG. 20, for example, the shock absorber 1 in each of the above-mentioned examples is attached in series with the seismic isolation device SID (particularly, seismic isolation rubber) under the bottom BB of the building B in the seismic isolation building SIB. May be good. Here, "attached in series with the seismic isolation device SID" means that the shock absorber 1 is placed on the upper side or the lower side of the seismic isolation device SID (with the central axis O of the shock absorber 1 oriented in the vertical direction). In the example of FIG. 20, it means that it is installed on the upper side). In this case, when an earthquake occurs, not only the seismic isolation device SID can absorb the energy of the horizontal shaking, but also the buffer 1 can absorb the energy of the vertical shaking.

[Measurement method of equivalent viscosity attenuation constant hex (0.33Hz / 100%)]
The equivalent viscosity damping constant heq was measured according to the description of the shear property test of 6.2.2 of JIS K6410-2 (2011).

The shock absorber of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, to absorb the energy of impact and shaking that a building can receive when an earthquake occurs. The shock absorber of the present invention is preferably installed on the outside of a building (for example, the outer surface of a side wall of a building or the lower surface of the bottom of a building), the inside of a building, or a structure (such as a retaining wall) arranged opposite to the building. It is more suitable if it is installed outside the building, inside the building, or in a structure facing the building in the seismic isolation building, and is placed on the side wall of the building in the seismic isolation building or facing it. It is even more suitable when installed on a built-in retaining wall.

1: Buffer, 10: Buffer body, 10h: Mounting hole, 11S: Axial first side surface of buffer body, 12S: Axial second surface of buffer body, 20: Plate member, 20h : Mounting hole, 21S: First side surface in the axial direction of the plate member, 22S: Second side surface in the axial direction of the plate member, 110, 110a, 110b: Elastic material part, 110bc: Corner part of the elastic material part, 110p : Plate-shaped part of elastic material part, 110s: Standing part of elastic material part, 120: Plastic material part, 120p: Projection part of plastic material part, 130: Hollow part, 140: Flange part, 210: Test piece, 211 , 212: Metal plate, 213: Specimen, 214: Central fixing jig, 215: Fixing jig, 216: Joint, 221: Upper part of uniaxial shear tester, 222: Lower part of uniaxial shear tester, B: Building, BB: bottom of building, BW: side wall of building, F: foundation, L: history loop, O: central axis of shock absorber, O1: first side in axial direction, O2: second side in axial direction, P1: first axis Direct direction, P2: 2nd axis direct direction, RW: retaining wall, SIB: seismic isolation building, SID: seismic isolation device

Claims (12)

It is a shock absorber equipped with a shock absorber body.
The buffer body is
One or more elastic material parts made of elastic material, and
A plastic material portion made of a high damping material or a plastic material having an equivalent viscosity damping constant hex higher than that of the elastic material.
Have,
The elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shock absorber and are integrally configured with each other.
The cushioning body portion has a hollow portion inside at least one elastic material portion .
The hollow portion is a buffer body that penetrates the buffer body portion on at least one side in the axial direction of the buffer body portion . The buffer body according to claim 1, wherein the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are provided over the entire length of the buffer body portion in the axial direction of the buffer body. The buffer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the buffer is provided on at least one of a side wall and a retaining wall of a building arranged opposite to each other. Claims 1 to 3 in which the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are alternately arranged along at least one direction when the buffer body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the buffer body. The shock absorber according to any one of the above. When the buffer body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the shock absorber, one of the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion is around the other of the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion. The buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which covers the buffer. When the cushion body portion is viewed from one side in the axial direction of the buffer body, the elastic material portion and the plastic material portion are arranged so as to be rotationally symmetric around the central axis of the buffer body. The buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plastic material portion protrudes from the elastic material portion in the axial direction of the buffer body. The buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the elastic material portion protrudes from the plastic material portion in the axial direction of the buffer body. The cushioning body portion has a first elastic material portion and a second elastic material portion as the elastic material portion, respectively.
The cushioning body portion has the hollow portion inside the first elastic material portion.
The plastic material portion has an annular shape, and is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the first elastic material portion over the entire circumference.
The buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second elastic material portion has an annular shape and is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the plastic material portion over the entire circumference. The buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the hollow portion penetrates the buffer main body portion in the axial direction. The shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the hollow portion has a cylindrical shape or a quadrangular prism shape extending in the axial direction of the shock absorber. A mounting structure for a shock absorber, wherein the shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is attached to at least one of a side wall and a retaining wall of a building arranged opposite to each other.

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